DE102022201991B3 - Apparatus and method for screening - Google Patents

Abstract

Device that has a first screen wall in a container that is spaced apart from the container wall and in which openings are arranged. Optionally, at least one second screen wall is arranged in the container with a distance between the first screen wall and the container wall. The container is driven for reciprocation along two axes, the reciprocation being along a trajectory. The container is preferably not driven to rotate about its own axis.

Description

The present invention relates to a device and a method, preferably carried out using the device, for screening solids, optionally in connection with the crushing.

The DE 35 24 650 A1 describes an apparatus for screening an initial composition of solids with an oscillating rotating brush, the tips of which are intended to contact a curved screen.

The WO 84/01527 A1 describes an apparatus for screening a composition of solids by driving a screen wall in at least two vibrations to separate solids from the composition by the difference in frequency.

The object of the invention is to specify a device and a method that can be carried out with it in order to screen solids effectively and within a short time and preferably to crush them in the same work step.

The invention solves the problem with the features of claims 1 and 21. The device and the method have the advantage that an initial composition of solids can be effectively loaded against screen openings and optionally this loading can be varied. In a preferred embodiment, the device has no relatively movable elements that come into contact with solids and can carry out the method effectively, the device preferably having eg no bearings that move relative to one another that come into contact with solids to be treated. Elements of the device that are movable relative to one another are preferably arranged exclusively outside of containers and lines that are set up for sieving, optionally crushing, supplying and discharging solids. The device has the advantage that it is set up in the process to transport solids with a maximum acceleration of more than 10 m/s ² , eg at least 50 m/s ² to 200 m/s ² or up to 500 m/s ² against and along to move a sieve surface.

In particular, the invention relates to a device which, in a container, has a first screen wall which is spaced apart from the container wall and in which openings are arranged. Optionally, at least one second screen wall is arranged in the container at a distance between the first screen wall and the container wall, the second screen wall having smaller openings than the first screen wall. The container is driven for reciprocating movement along two axes which are preferably arranged in the plane of the cross-section of the container. The two axes are preferably linear axes of movement, the reciprocating movement of the container resulting from the superposition of the reciprocating movement along the linear axes, the reciprocating movement taking place along a trajectory. The container is preferably not driven to rotate about its own axis. The openings can be cylindrical or conical, further optionally the openings can be arranged radially to the central axis of the wall or at an angle of e.g. 10 to 45° to the radial of the central axis. The openings can be round bores or elongated holes which extend parallel or perpendicular to the cross section of the interior, or which extend at an angle of >0° to <90° to the cross section of the interior. Optionally, additionally or alternatively, the through-holes can extend along the radial line or at an angle of 10 to 45° to the radial line, which emanate from the longitudinal axis of the cross section spanned by the inner wall. Optionally, the through-holes have a constant cross-section or a cross-section which widens with increasing distance from the longitudinal axis of the container, in particular widens conically away from the longitudinal axis of the container. Generally preferred, the through-holes have an edge without a chamfer, for example of at least 90°, to form a sharp edge adjacent the clear cross-section of the container. In a simple embodiment, the inner wall can be a grid, the webs of which form the through holes between them.

The container is driven for reciprocating movement along at least one trajectory which can be generated by superimposing the reciprocating movement along at least two axes which are at an angle to one another, two of the axes preferably lying in the plane of the cross-section of the container , with the reciprocation along each axis occurring at different frequencies and/or with phase offset. The trajectory can be generated by superimposing the reciprocating movement along two or three axes with different frequencies and/or with a phase offset and has a sequence of trajectory segments, of which at least one, preferably each, exactly one complete reciprocating movement along the Axis along which the reciprocation occurs at the lower frequency, comprises or consists of, wherein the superimposed reciprocation at the higher frequency or the same frequency, each optionally with phase offset, is included along the other axis or axes. In this case, the lower frequency of the complete reciprocating movement preferably forms the frequency of the sequence of the path segments. For each orbit segment is a frequency ratio of reciprocation along two axes of at most 1:20 or at most 1:15 or at most 1:10, at most 1:4 or at most 1:3 preferably, more preferably between 1:1 to 1:2, more preferably greater than 1:1 to 1:2 or to 1:1.5, eg with a frequency ratio of 1:1.001 to 1:2 or to 1:1.5. In the case of a trajectory that can be generated by superimposing the back and forth movement along two axes at different frequencies and/or with a phase offset, the axes preferably lie in the plane of the cross section of the container. In the case of a trajectory formed by the superimposition of the reciprocating movement along three axes, two of the axes preferably lie in the cross-sectional plane of the container and the third axis is at an angle to this cross-sectional plane. In general, the linear movement axes are preferably at right angles to one another.

In general, the device is preferably arranged to drive the container along a trajectory formed by superimposing the reciprocating movement of at least two superimposed linear axes which are at an angle to one another, the reciprocating movement along the linear axes being at different Frequencies and / or takes place with phase shift. The linear axes, along which the superimposed reciprocating movements run at different frequencies and/or with a phase offset, form the trajectory along which the reciprocating movement of the container for which the device is set up takes place.

Due to the movement of the container along the trajectory curve, the device is set up to accelerate the solids relative to the container, so that the solids contained in the container are loaded against the screen wall by the acceleration. Due to the fact that the trajectory can be adjusted or predetermined by the different frequencies and/or the phase offset of the superimposed movements along the linear axes, the device for moving the container back and forth along the trajectory and for the relative movement of the solids against the screen wall is in it furnished.

The path curve, which can be set or predetermined by the different frequencies and/or the phase offset of the superimposed movements along at least two linear axes, accelerates the solids relative to the container. The reciprocating motion of the bin drives the solids to move against the screen wall.

The container is generally preferably not driven in rotation and more preferably not or not completely rotatable, e.g. rotatable by a maximum of 30° or by a maximum of 20° or 10° around its central axis. Generally preferably, the container is driven solely for reciprocating movement along a trajectory.

The angle of incidence and emergence of the solids against the screen wall can be determined by the trajectory curve. In addition, the device is optionally set up to move the container with adjustable or predetermined acceleration and speed along the trajectory. Because the device can be set up for an adjustable or predetermined trajectory and/or an adjustable or predetermined acceleration and/or an adjustable or predetermined speed along the trajectory of the reciprocating movement of the container, solids are transported with an adjustable or predetermined acceleration and/or or speed relative to the screen wall and allows a predetermined or continuous adaptation of the process to the solid to be screened.

In general, a trajectory can be formed by at least two superimposed individual vibrations; a trajectory preferably resembles the trajectory that can be generated by superimposing back and forth movements along at least two linear movement axes at different frequencies and/or by phase offset. A reciprocating movement along a trajectory, which is similar to the reciprocating movement along linear movement axes that are superimposed on one another, has different frequencies and/or has a phase offset with respect to one another. In general, therefore, a trajectory is preferably not a circular trajectory.

The difference in frequencies can be at least 0.01 Hz and/or 0.01% to 900%, for example. The phase offset of the to-and-fro movements along the linear axes can be, for example, from 0.01° to 180°, preferably 1 to 179° out of 360°, which corresponds to a complete to-and-fro movement. Where 0.01 to 180° of a full 360° reciprocation is 0.0028% to 50% of a full reciprocation, 1 to 179° of 360° is 0.28% to 49.7% a full reciprocating motion.

The linear movement axes are, for example, perpendicular or at a different angle, for example 5° to 85° to one another, in particular in the plane of the cross section of the container and/or perpendicular to a central axis of the container. Optionally, the trajectory contains at least one straight section, the end of which is, for example, a vertex of the trajectory at which the solid is accelerated from the screen wall or against the screen wall.

To set different frequencies and/or a phase offset of the superimposed reciprocating movements along at least two linear movement axes, these reciprocating movements can be coupled to one another by a gear or a link guide and driven by a motor. A motor driven transmission setting the reciprocation along the trajectory may have a fixed ratio between the superimposed movements along each axis, or an adjustable ratio such as a continuously or stepwise switchable transmission. Optionally, the gear can be subject to slip, for example, have a belt drive or be a friction gear.

The output speed of the gearbox that drives the reciprocating movement of the container is preferably at least 1 Hz, more preferably at least 5 Hz, e.g. up to 50 Hz, up to 40 Hz, up to 30 Hz, up to 20 Hz or up to 10 Hz Gearbox output speed equal to reciprocating frequency.

Alternatively, the reciprocation along each of the linear axes of motion may be driven by a separate motor, with the lower output speed being the frequency of the reciprocation and constituting the frequency of the sequence of web segments for purposes of the invention. In each embodiment, the speed of each drive motor can be controlled, fixed, or variable over the duration of the process.

The device allows the trajectory to accelerate the solid in a defined direction to a specific location on the inner wall of the container, which is the screen wall. The geometry of the container in connection with the trajectory can support the screening process, so that the trajectory can be adjusted depending on the shape and size of the cross section spanned by the screening surface.

Optionally, the device is set up to change the trajectory of the reciprocating movement and/or the acceleration and/or speed of the reciprocating movement during the process, e.g. in a first phase the reciprocating movement along a first trajectory and with a adjust the first acceleration and speed and adjust the reciprocating movement in a subsequent second phase along a changed trajectory and/or changed acceleration and/or speed.

Also optionally, the reciprocating movement is a linear reciprocating movement in a first phase and a reciprocating movement along trajectories that merge into one another in a second phase. The trajectory can be determined, for example, by a gear that drives the movement of the container.

By adjusting the trajectory and accelerating the reciprocating movement of the container, the device allows a predetermined or dynamically changeable and directed acceleration of the solid relative to the container or the screen wall.

In one embodiment, in which the container can be driven in a controlled manner to a linear reciprocating movement in a first phase, the device is set up to move solids perpendicularly against the screen wall with a controllable maximum acceleration, which is significantly greater than the acceleration of gravity and therefore im Is essentially independent of the gravitational acceleration, e.g. with a maximum acceleration of at least 15 m/s ² , preferably 25 m/s ² , preferably at least 50 m/s ² or at least 100 m/s ² or at least 200 m/s ² or at least 350 m/s ² eg up to 500 m/s ² in each case. In general, the device can be set up to accelerate the container with at least one maximum acceleration of at least 20 m/s ² or at least 200 m/s ² , e.g. at least 300 m/s ² , preferably up to 1000 m/s ² along the trajectory, e.g at a vertex of the trajectory, to accelerate.

The container is preferably capable of reciprocating movement with a maximum acceleration of at least 0.5 m/s ² or at least 1 m/s ² or at least 2 m/s ² at least 3.5 m/s ² , preferably at least 60 m/s s ² , more preferably at least 100 m/s ² , at least 150 m/s ² , at least 160 m/s ² , at least 200 m/s ² , eg up to 300 m/s ² or 450 m/s ² respectively, up to 260 m/s ² or up to 250 m/s ² driven along each of two axles. Generally preferred is the container in combination with the acceleration to an average speed of at least 0.5 m/s, preferably at least 1.5 m/s, more preferably at least 3.5 m/s, eg up to 10 m/s or up to 20 m /s or up to 6 m/s, for example 3 to 4 m/s, in each case along one of the axes, preferably along each axis. The path of movement along at least one axis, preferably along each axis, is, for example, 0.1 cm to 24 cm.

For example, the container may be driven in reciprocating motion extending along each axis over a distance of at least 1mm, or at least 2.5mm, at least 1cm, more preferably at least 2cm or at least 5cm, at least 10cm or at least 15 cm, for example up to 100 cm, up to 50 cm, up to 30 cm or up to 20 cm. More preferably, the reciprocation of the container is harmonic. The back and forth movement of Container can be linear in a first phase, in general the trajectory is non-linear and can be sinusoidal, triangular or arc-shaped, for example, optionally along a so-called Lissajous figure or hypocycloid, which is preferably in the plane, or two-dimensional, optionally three-dimensional is. Preferably, the reciprocating movement is linear in a first phase and formed into a trajectory curve in a second phase along at least two non-linear trajectory segments that merge into one another, each of which contains at least one apex. In general, a non-linear trajectory, eg a movement along a trajectory whose trajectory segments each have at least one apex, promotes an impact of solids, eg perpendicular to the screen wall, and a movement of the solids along the screen wall.

Preferably, the reciprocating movement comprises reciprocating movement along a trajectory comprising at least two, preferably at least three, more preferably at least four different trajectory segments each having at least one vertex. Each of the movement axes along which the movements are superimposed to form a trajectory can generally run linearly or in an arc, so that the non-linear movement of the container along a sequence of trajectory segments is generated from the superimposition of the movements along two movement axes. The vertices and intermediate sections of a path segment are determined by the frequency difference and/or the phase position of the superimposed reciprocating movements along at least two axes. In general, the device can be set up to change the frequency difference and/or the phase position during the to-and-fro movement.

In general, the container wall is preferably the peripherally closed wall of the container, which extends around a central axis and between opposite end sections or covers attached thereto. The screen wall optionally spans a circular cross-section that extends around a central axis. Generally preferably, the terminal cross-sectional openings of the container are each covered by a cover, of which at least one optionally has a through-opening.

It is generally preferred that at least one web segment has an apex in which the direction of the web segment changes by at least 90°, more preferably by at least 120°, even more preferably by at least 180° or at least 210°, e.g. within a maximum of 24.5% , maximum 24%, maximum 23%, maximum 22%, maximum 21%, maximum 20%, maximum 15% or maximum 10%, more preferably maximum 5% or maximum 3%, maximum 2% or maximum 1% of the length of a web segment. Because an apex of the track segment leads to a strong relative acceleration of solids against the screen wall.

The control of the drive of the container is optionally controlled depending on the signal of a sensor, preferably an acoustic sensor, which picks up vibrations, in particular noises, of the container during the to-and-fro movement, in particular during the first and/or during the second phase. For example, the acoustic sensor may be mounted on the outer surface of the container or fixed at a distance from the container in a position past which reciprocation of the container will pass. Preferably, the acoustic sensor is fixed at a small distance, for example from 0.5 to 5 cm, from the apex of the reciprocating movement, for example fixed to a frame relative to which the container is moved along the trajectory. The acoustic sensor can be a vibration sensor such as a microphone. In this embodiment, the control of the reciprocating movement can be arranged upon changing the signal emitted by the acoustic sensor by a predetermined deviation within a predetermined time of reciprocating movement, and/or upon reaching a predetermined signal which the acoustic sensor emits to let the reciprocating movement run at a changed speed and/or with a changed phase offset and/or to control a linear movement into a trajectory, in particular from a first phase to a second phase of the reciprocating movement steer.

The sensor can also be an optical sensor attached to the container, for example a turbidity sensor.

Optionally, a device for generating electrical voltage is attached to the container, in particular a device with a magnet and a coil which is movably arranged relative to the magnet and is set up to generate electrical voltage when moving relative to one another. This device is preferably connected by means of an electrical line to a transmitter attached to the container in order to apply electrical voltage to the transmitter. The transmitter is preferably connected to at least one of the sensors by means of a data line in order to receive sensor signals. In this case, the transmitter is set up, for example, to send received sensor signals. Furthermore, the sensor can be connected to the device for generating electrical voltage by means of an electrical line. In this embodiment, the device is set up that a sensor attached to the container and a transmitter through the A direction to generate electrical voltage can be applied as soon as the container is moved along the trajectory. Correspondingly, the device can be designed without an electrical cable which extends between a frame relative to which the container is moved and the container.

The container preferably has a round cross-section and the first screen wall and optionally second screen walls arranged between the container wall and the first screen wall are preferably arranged coaxially. In the intermediate space between the tank wall and the first screen wall, preferably between the tank wall and the next screen wall and, each separately, between two adjacent screen walls, there is an outlet opening, optionally with a connection line attached to it. The outlet opening can connect directly to adjacent screen walls or to the container wall and the screen wall that is closest. Connection lines can, for example, connect in a funnel shape to outlet openings that are arranged between adjacent screen walls or on the container wall and the nearest screen wall. Connection lines preferably extend radially to the longitudinal axis of the container, optionally inclined towards the longitudinal axis and/or in the direction of the vertical.

A connection line connected to an outlet opening in the space between the container wall and the adjacent screen wall can alternatively be connected to an outlet opening in the container wall, while the terminal cross-sections of the space are closed, e.g. are covered by cover walls, which e.g. are optionally integrally formed with the container wall or are closed in that the container wall and the adjacent screen wall are each connected to one another at the ends.

The device has the advantage that the optional line for supplying an initial composition of solids and all connecting lines for discharging sieve fractions and a residual fraction are connected close to the container, e.g and the container can otherwise be tightly closed.

Optionally, a vacuum source can be connected to the container wall, e.g. by means of an elastic hose line. The container can be subjected to negative pressure through the hose line, which acts through the first screen wall in the inner cross section spanned by the first screen wall and drives a gas flow from this inner cross section to the container wall. Preferably, the vacuum source is connected to the connection line, which is connected to an outlet opening in the space between the tank wall and the adjacent screen wall or which is connected to an outlet opening in the tank wall, e.g. Alternatively, a pressurized gas source, e.g. a compressor, can be connected to an inlet opening which is set up to introduce an initial composition of solids into the device, the inlet opening being arranged in particular on a cover which has a terminal cross-section of the cross-section spanned by the first screen wall covered.

In a container with at least a first screen wall, at least one screen fraction and one residual fraction can be produced by the method in one operation, e.g. several, e.g. two screen fractions and one residual fraction, each with a different particle size, can be produced with a second screen wall. Sieve fractions are discharged separately from each other through an outlet opening, preferably with a connecting line connected to it.

A first terminal cross-section, which is spanned by the first screen wall, which has the smallest internal cross-section and/or whose internal cross-section has no internals, is covered by a first wall, also known as the bottom wall, which preferably has an outlet opening. Preferably, the opposite, second terminal cross-section, which is spanned by the first screen wall, is covered by a second wall, also referred to as a cover, which has an inlet opening. For conveying solids through the device, it is preferred that the bottom wall is arranged below the cover and connecting lines are connected to the area of the container arranged below.

The outlet opening of the bottom wall is designed to remove the residual fraction, the inlet opening of the cover is designed to supply solids, in particular an initial composition of solids to be screened and/or comminuted.

Optionally, at least one screen wall, which can be a first and/or a second screen wall, can be reversibly inserted into the container and removed from the container, e.g. designed as a screen insert with a peripheral side wall and a bottom wall connected to it over the entire circumference, the bottom wall being optionally closed or has an outlet opening. As a further option, the bottom wall also has openings and forms a bottom screen.

• - Einführen der anfänglichen Zusammensetzung in den von der ersten Siebwand aufgespannten Querschnitt eines Behälters einer erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung,
• - Hin- und Herbewegung des Behälters entlang einer Bahnkurve, und
• - kontinuierliches Abführen zumindest einer Siebfraktion aus dem Zwischenraum zwischen der Behälterwand und der ersten Siebwand,

zumindest eine Siebfraktion und eine Restfraktion hergestellt.In the process, an initial composition of solids, which may optionally be in admixture with liquid, also referred to herein as sieve or mass, is through

• - introducing the initial composition into the cross-section spanned by the first screen wall of a container of a device according to the invention,
• - reciprocating movement of the container along a trajectory, and
• - continuous discharge of at least one screen fraction from the space between the container wall and the first screen wall,

at least one screening fraction and one residual fraction produced.

• - zum Abtrennen von Flüssigkeit aus einer anfänglichen Zusammensetzung von Feststoffen mit Flüssigkeit, z.B. Abtrennen von Molke als Siebfraktion aus gefällter Käsemasse, wobei der Feststoff als Restfraktion hergestellt wird,
• - zum Passieren von Lebensmitteln,
• - zum Abtrennen von Kernen und Steinen aus Früchten, wobei Kerne und Steine als Restfraktion abgetrennt werden und Fruchtfleisch und -saft als Siebfraktion hergestellt wird,
• - zum äußerlichen Abreiben von umhüllten Fruchtkernen, z.B. Abreiben von ungeschälten Sonnenblumensamen, wobei abgetrennte Schalenteile als Siebfraktion und abgeriebene Kerne, z.B. Sonnenblumensamen, als Restfraktion abgeführt werden,
• - bei der Herstellung von pulverförmigen Chemikalien, z.B. Ruß, Farbpigmenten, optional aus groben Mineralien, zur Herstellung von Siebfraktionen, oder
• - zum Zerreiben von Verbundmaterial, z.B. von Verpackungen aus zumindest zwei Werkstoffen oder von Elektroschrott,

verwendet werden.For example, the procedure can

• - for separating liquid from an initial composition of solids with liquid, e.g. separating whey as sieve fraction from precipitated cheese mass, the solid being produced as residual fraction,
• - for straining food,
• - for separating pips and stones from fruit, with pips and stones being removed as a residual fraction and fruit pulp and juice being produced as a sieve fraction,
• - for external grating of coated fruit kernels, e.g. grating of unpeeled sunflower seeds, with separated shell parts being discharged as sieve fraction and grated kernels, e.g. sunflower seeds, as residual fraction,
• - in the production of powdered chemicals, eg soot, color pigments, optionally from coarse minerals, for the production of sieve fractions, or
• - for grinding composite material, e.g. packaging made of at least two materials or electronic waste,

be used.

The screening can be done by moving the container in a reciprocating motion along a trajectory with a frequency of at least 1 Hz along each of at least two axes, each with a different frequency and/or with phase offset, over a distance along each axis of preferably at least 1 cm , at least 2 cm or at least 3 cm or at least 10 cm, e.g. up to 50 cm, up to 30 cm, up to 20 cm or, in the case of shorter distances, e.g. up to 15 cm.

It is generally preferred that the reciprocation of the vessel be continuous while continuously feeding an initial composition and continuously discharging at least a sieve fraction and a residue fraction.

In one embodiment, the container can have a lid which can be moved away from the inner cross-section spanned by the first screen wall in order to open the inner cross-section for filling in the components. In this way the container can be filled for a batch process after opening the lid, then closing the internal volume by means of the lid, and during or after the reciprocation opening an outlet for discharge, e.g. by letting the residual fraction fall out. In this case, outlet openings arranged between the screen wall and container wall and/or between two screen walls, which are closed during the reciprocating movement, can be opened for the removal of screen fractions.

Optionally, an upper, terminal cross-sectional opening of the container is at least partially open, preferably covered by a lid that has an open inlet opening. Then, for a continuous process, the container can be steadily filled with the initial composition, e.g.

The container is optionally temperature-controlled, in particular cooled. The container can be cooled by being arranged in a cooled housing or by having a double jacket through which a temperature control medium can flow.

In general, the container can have a triangular or quadrangular, optionally polygonal, cross-section. The container is preferably arranged with its cross-section parallel to the horizontal. The container preferably has an oval or round cross-section, the terminal cross-sectional openings of which are covered by a bottom wall or a cover, which can each be curved, in particular concave or conical to the inner cross-section, or flat. Generally, preferably for a container which is at least triangular in cross-section or polygonal in cross-section, the movement may be along a succession of track segments each having at least one vertex, preferably each track segment having a number of vertices equal to the number of corners of the Cross-section of the container is. Alternatively or additionally, the number of vertices of each path segment be equal to the number of corners of the cross-section of the container. The vertices can, for example, form an angle that is at least twice as large, preferably at least three times as large, as the angle that is formed by one of the adjacent trajectories.

The reciprocating movement along two axes can be driven by a common drive motor, with the different frequencies of the movements along the axes taking place, for example, by means of a link guide, an eccentric drive and/or by means of a gear. Alternatively, the reciprocation can be powered by two controlled drive motors. A drive motor can be a linear drive, e.g. an electric or hydraulic or pneumatic linear drive, or a rotary motor.

The loading of the solids in the vessel, preferentially the acceleration of solids against the screen walls, can be controlled by adjusting the frequency of reciprocation. In doing so, a larger grain size can be produced by having the reciprocating motion along a succession of low frequency orbit segments, and a smaller grain size by having the reciprocating motion be along a succession of high frequency orbit segments. Because it has been shown that with a higher frequency of the reciprocating movement, the acceleration of the mass or particles, e.g. agglomerates, against the screen walls is higher and solids are thus crushed more effectively than with a lower frequency.

The device can have an elastic line, e.g. This is because the back and forth movement can extend over short distances, e.g. 2 to 10 cm, so that an elastic line fixed to the container can follow this movement if this line is fixed in place at a distance from the container, e.g. on a frame opposite which the container is driven to reciprocate.

• - 1 eine Ausführungsform eines Behälters im Längsschnitt,
• - 2A in Aufsicht und 2B im Querschnitt eine weitere Ausführungsform eines Behälters, und
• - 3 eine weitere Ausführungsform eines Behälters

zeigen.The invention will now be described by way of example with reference to the figures shown in

• - 1 an embodiment of a container in longitudinal section,
• - 2A in top view and in cross section 2B a further embodiment of a container, and
• - 3 another embodiment of a container

show.

In the figures, the same reference numbers designate elements with the same function.

The 1 shows schematically an embodiment of a container 1 with a container wall 2, in which a first screen wall 4 spaced therefrom is arranged. The container 1 here has a terminal cross section, which is spanned by the screen wall 4, a cover 13 with an inlet opening 5 and on its opposite terminal cross section a connection line 6a, which is connected to an outlet opening 8 in the space between the container wall 2 and the next Screen wall 4 is connected and is set up for discharging a screen fraction. The final cross section, which is spanned by the first screen wall 4 opposite the inlet opening 5, is covered by a bottom wall 7, in which an outlet opening 8 is set up for removing a residual fraction. A screen wall 4 is arranged within the cross section spanned by the screen wall 3 and a further outlet opening 8 and a second connection line 6b are connected to the space between the screen wall 4 and the screen wall 3, through which a coarser screen fraction can be discharged than through the connection line 6a. A connecting line can be connected to the connecting lines 6a, 6b and to the outlet opening 8 provided in the bottom wall 7, for example an elastic hose line, optionally with a vacuum source connected to it. The connecting lines 6a, 6b and the outlet opening 8 provided in the bottom wall 7 are preferably arranged radially with respect to the longitudinal axis 9 and/or radially with respect to the container wall 2.

In 2 a further embodiment of the container 1 is shown schematically. The container 1 is cylindrical and has a first insert 11 and a second insert 12, which are each arranged at a distance from the container wall 2 in the container 1, optionally arranged reversibly therein and can be removed. The container 1 has at a terminal cross section, which in 2A is arranged at the top, an inlet opening 5, which is formed by the first insert 11. The first insert 11 projects beyond the container wall 2 there.

Each of the inserts 11, 12 is formed by a bottom wall 11B, 12B and a peripheral side wall 11S, 12S. At least one, optionally both, of the peripheral side wall 11S and the bottom wall 11B has openings and forms the first screen wall 3; the bottom wall 11B can optionally be closed. Correspondingly, at least one, optionally both, of the peripheral side wall 12S and base wall 12B has openings and forms the second screen wall 4; the base wall 12B can optionally be closed.

For removing sieve fractions from the container 1 according to 2 the first and second inserts 11, 12 are preferably removed from the container 1 after the reciprocating movement, and the mass contained in the first insert 11 is discharged as a residual fraction, and the sieve fractions contained in the second insert 12 and in the container 1 are discharged separately .

A sensor 30, which is attached to the container 1, is connected by means of an electrical line 31 to a device 32 attached to the container 1 for generating electrical voltage, which has a magnet movable relative to a coil. A transmitter 33 is connected to the sensor 30 by means of a data line 34 and to the device 32 for generating electrical voltage by means of an electrical line 35 .

The 3 shows a further embodiment of the container 1, designed here with a round cross section, with a first insert 11 at a distance from the container wall 2, whose side wall 11S forms the first sieve wall 4 and whose bottom wall 11B also has openings, and at a distance from the container wall 2 and to the first insert 11 with a second insert 12, the side wall 12S of which forms the second screen wall 3. The container 1 has according to 3 an opening 5 on one side.

Reference List

1

container

2

container wall

3

second screen wall

4

first screen wall

5

opening

6a, 6b

connecting cable

7

bottom wall

8th

exhaust port

9

longitudinal axis

11

first use

11B

Bottom wall of the first mission

11S

side wall of the first insert

12

second mission

12B

bottom wall of the second insert

12S

side wall of the second insert

13

Lid

30

sensor

31

electrical line

32

Device for generating electrical voltage

33

Channel

34

data line

35

electrical line

Claims (25)

Apparatus for screening an initial composition of solids, comprising a first screen wall (4) in a vessel (1) spaced from the vessel wall (2) and in which perforations are located, the vessel (1) being reciprocally movable along a trajectory is driven, which comprises a sequence of path segments which can be generated by superimposing the back and forth movement along at least two axes with different frequencies and/or with a phase offset, with a first terminal cross section being spanned by the first screen wall (4). , is covered by a bottom wall (7) and the opposite terminal cross-section is covered by a cover (13). device after claim 1 , characterized in that an outlet opening (8) is attached to the intermediate space between the container wall (2) and the first screen wall (4) and/or the bottom wall (7) has an outlet opening (8). Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one second screen wall (3) is arranged in the tank (1) at a distance between the first screen wall (4) and the tank wall (2). Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the trajectory comprises a sequence of trajectory segments which can be generated by superimposing the reciprocating movement along at least two axes with different frequencies and/or with a phase offset and which each comprise exactly one complete reciprocating and reciprocation along the axis along which the reciprocation occurs at the lower frequency and each having at least one vertex in which the direction changes by at least 90° within a maximum of 24.5% of the length of a path segment. Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cover (13) has an inlet opening (5) to which is connected a duct for feeding an initial composition of solids. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a connecting line ( 6a, 6b) is connected. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the reciprocating movement of the container (1) takes place along a trajectory, with a frequency of 1 to 50 Hz along each of the axes of movement with a difference of 0.1 to 99.9% of frequencies relative to the higher frequency. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one track segment has an apex in which the direction changes by at least 120° within a maximum of 10% of the length of the track segment. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the difference in frequencies is at least 0.01 Hz and 0.01% to 900% and/or the phase shift is 0.0028% to 50% of the length of a track segment. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the trajectory has at least one trajectory segment which comprises a straight section. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the trajectory lies in the plane of the cross section of the container (1). Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that reciprocating movements along the trajectory are driven by a gear which is a belt drive driven by exactly one motor or a friction gear driven by exactly one motor. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by a sensor (30) which is connected to a controller which is set up, the frequency and / or phase position of the reciprocating movement and / or the acceleration of the container (1) during the back - To control and forth movement depending on the signal of the sensor (30). Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by a device (32) attached to the container (1) with a magnet and a coil arranged movably relative to the magnet, which are set up to generate electrical voltage when moving relative to one another and, by means of an electrical line (31 ) are connected to a transmitter (33) attached to the container (1). Device according to one of Claims 14 until 15 , characterized in that the sensor (30) is an acoustic sensor fixed to the container (1) or fixed at a distance from an inflection point of the trajectory on a frame on which the container (1) for reciprocating movement is led. Device according to one of Claims 14 until 16 , characterized in that the sensor (30) is attached to the container (1) and is connected to the transmitter (33) for the transmission of sensor signals. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the container (1) is driven to move back and forth with a maximum acceleration of at least 0.5 m/s ² . Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one of the screen walls (3, 4) is designed as an insert (11, 12) with a peripheral side wall (11S, 12S) and bottom wall (11B, 12B), with at least one of peripheral Side wall (11S, 12S) and bottom wall (11B, 12B) has openings and forms the screen wall (3, 4). Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a vacuum source is connected to the container wall (1). Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a pressurized gas source is connected to the cover (13) which covers the cross-section spanned by a screen wall (3, 4). A method of producing at least a sieve fraction and a residue fraction from an initial composition of solids, comprising the steps of - introducing the initial composition into the cross-section defined by the first screen wall (4) of a container (1) of a device according to any one of the preceding claims, - reciprocating movement of the container (1) along a trajectory, and - Continuous removal of at least one screen fraction from the space between the container wall (1) and the first screen wall (4). procedure after Claim 21 , characterized in that the reciprocating movement takes place along a trajectory which comprises a sequence of trajectory segments which can be generated by superimposing the reciprocating movement along at least two axes with different frequencies and/or with a phase offset and which each have exactly one complete reciprocation along the axis along which the lower frequency reciprocation occurs and each having at least one vertex in which the direction changes by at least 90° within a maximum of 20% of the length of a path segment. Procedure according to one of Claims 21 until 22 , characterized in that the container wall (2) of the container (1) is subjected to negative pressure and/or that the cross section spanned by the first screen wall (4) is subjected to compressed gas. Procedure according to one of Claims 21 until 23 , characterized in that the solids are crushed. Procedure according to one of Claims 21 until 24 , characterized in that in the initial composition the solids are in admixture with liquid.

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