DE102022201270B3 - control electrode - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a control electrode (10) for medium and high-voltage systems (1), the control electrode (10) having: - a metallic, electrically conductive contact element (12), - a first plastic element (14), which is designed to be electrically conductive, and- a second plastic element (16) which is designed to be electrically insulating;wherein the metallic, electrically conductive contact element (12) and the first plastic element (14) and the second plastic element (16) either have a through-opening (18) or a receptacle for a Having a closure element (20), wherein the control electrode (10) is designed to be attached to a component (200) of a medium and high-voltage system (1) by means of the closure element (20) and to deflect the electrical field of the closure element (20). The invention also relates to a manufacturing method for such a control electrode (10).

Description

The invention relates to a control electrode for medium and high-voltage systems, a manufacturing method for such a control electrode and a medium-voltage and/or high-voltage system with such a control electrode.

In medium-voltage and/or high-voltage systems, control electrodes are used for field control, i.e. for deflecting electric fields, on field-influencing components, in particular on components protruding from a surface, such as screws, screw heads, nuts or the like.
Conventional control electrodes are often steel bodies that surround the protruding parts. In order to prevent flashovers, these steel bodies are either covered with an electrically insulating component after assembly or the steel bodies themselves are covered with an insulating layer.

On the one hand, the subsequent covering of the steel bodies is prone to errors, on the other hand, the steel bodies coated with an insulating layer are heavy, expensive and not flexible in use.

From the DE 10 2018 004 032 A1 a battery connector is known which has a contact piece made of electrically conductive plastic.

Also the U.S. 2,191,503 A discloses a battery connector, which discloses, among other things, that a contact piece is partially embedded in a surrounding material.

The DE 10 2018 004 033 A1 discloses a battery connector having an electrically conductive contact piece.

From the DE 10 2008 009 865 A1 a pole connector for batteries is known which has a current conductor made of an electrically conductive plastic.

The U.S. 2018/0 219 369 A1 discloses a cable joint for a high voltage cable, the joint comprising a plastic in which stress control elements are present.

The object of the invention is therefore to eliminate the disadvantages of the prior art and to provide an improved control electrode and a method for producing such a control electrode.

The object is solved by independent claim 1 and the claims dependent thereon.

• - ein metallisches, elektrisch leitendes Kontaktelement,
• - ein erstes Kunststoffelement, das elektrisch leitend ausgebildet ist, aufweist und
• - ein zweites Kunststoffelement, das elektrisch isolierend ausgebildet ist, aufweist,

wobei das metallische, elektrisch leitende Kontaktelement und das erste Kunststoffelement und das zweite Kunststoffelement entweder eine Durchgangsöffnung oder eine Aufnahme für ein Verschlusselement aufweisen, wobei die Steuerelektrode ausgebildet ist, mittels des Verschlusselementes an einem Bauteil einer Mittel- und Hochspannungsanlagen befestigt zu werden und das elektrische Feld des Verschlusselementes abzusteuern. Absteuern bezieht sich also auf ein Abschirmen des Verschlusselementes, so dass keine elektrischen Feldspitzen oder Felderhöhungen entstehen, die zu elektrischen Überschlägen oder Teilentladungen führen. Das Bauteil einer Mittel- und Hochspannungsanlagen ist insbesondere ein Verbindungsstück zum Verbinden von einem ersten Schaltanlagenelement mit einem zweiten Schaltanlagenelement, beispielsweise eine Stromschiene als ersten Schaltanlagenelement und einem Spannungswandler oder Stromwandler als zweitem Schaltanlagenelement. Weiter ist das metallische, elektrisch leitende Kontaktelement scheibenförmig ausgeführt, wobei sich das metallische, elektrisch leitende Kontaktelement entlang von radialen Richtungen erstreckt und sich das metallische, elektrisch leitende Kontaktelement senkrecht dazu in einer senkrechten Richtung erstreckt, wobei das metallische, elektrisch leitende Kontaktelement einen Kontaktelementeumfang aufweist, der zumindest teilweise von dem ersten Kunststoffelement umgeben ist, und das zweite Kunststoffelement das erste Kunststoffelement zumindest teilweise umgibt. Durch die Scheibenform des metallischen, elektrisch leitenden Kontaktelements wird ein besonders guter elektrischer Kontakt zu dem Bauteil der Mittel- und Hochspannungsanlagen und dem ersten Kunststoffelement erreicht, wobei gleichzeitig eine stabile mechanische Verbindung mit dem ersten Kunststoffelement erzielt wird.A first embodiment relates to a control electrode for medium and high voltage systems, the control electrode:

• - a metallic, electrically conductive contact element,
• - A first plastic element, which is designed to be electrically conductive, and
• - has a second plastic element which is designed to be electrically insulating,

wherein the metallic, electrically conductive contact element and the first plastic element and the second plastic element have either a through opening or a receptacle for a closure element, the control electrode being designed to be attached to a component of a medium and high-voltage system by means of the closure element and the electric field to deactivate the closure element. Shutdown thus refers to shielding of the closure element so that no electrical field peaks or field increases that lead to electrical flashovers or partial discharges occur. The component of a medium and high voltage system is in particular a connecting piece for connecting a first switchgear element to a second switchgear element, for example a busbar as the first switchgear element and a voltage transformer or current transformer as the second switchgear element. Furthermore, the metallic, electrically conductive contact element is disk-shaped, with the metallic, electrically conductive contact element extending along radial directions and the metallic, electrically conductive contact element extending perpendicularly thereto in a vertical direction, with the metallic, electrically conductive contact element having a contact element circumference , which is at least partially surrounded by the first plastic element, and the second plastic element at least partially surrounds the first plastic element. The disk shape of the metallic, electrically conductive contact element achieves a particularly good electrical contact with the component of the medium and high voltage systems and the first plastic element, while at the same time a stable mechanical connection with the first plastic element is achieved.

The metallic, electrically conductive contact element has a contact surface that extends in the radial directions and the first plastic element extends away from the metallic, electrically conductive contact element in the vertical direction up to a height and thus forms a pot structure, the pot structure Closure element shields. In this case, the pot structure preferably leaves sufficient free space around the Ver closing element, so that a tool enclosing the closing element can be used in the pot structure.

It is preferred that the first plastic element and the metallic, electrically conductive contact element are electrically conductively connected to one another.

It is preferred that the control electrode is made in one piece. Alternatively, the control electrode is formed from the metallic, electrically conductive contact element, the first plastic element and the second plastic element, which are connected to one another in a form-fitting manner.

It is also preferred that the closure element is preferably designed as a nut, a screw, a screw with a nut, a clamp, a cotter pin or some other fastening element.

It is further preferred that the closure element is arranged or can be arranged in a recess of the second plastic element or in a recess of the first plastic element and the second plastic element.

It is also preferred that the first plastic element and the second plastic element have a shape similar to the Rogowski profile or a toroidal shape which is at least partially open on one side. In other words, the first plastic element and the second plastic element together form a shape that resembles a distorted donut that is at least partially open in one direction, such that, for example, the first plastic element is at least partially not covered by the second plastic element in one direction.

It is particularly preferred that the first plastic element extends from the height in the radial directions and counter to the vertical direction, so that the first plastic element forms a collar, the collar being either completely filled or cavities which are at least partially separated from one another by webs are, having, wherein the cavities are open in the direction of the metallic, electrically conductive contact element. Such a structure enables a particularly light, inexpensive and nevertheless mechanically stable and electrically reliable control electrode.

It is also particularly preferred that the second plastic element extends in the vertical direction over the height from a starting point on the first inner side of the cup structure of the first plastic element and then extends over the height on a first outer surface of the first plastic element and thus on the second inside of the second plastic element an inner pot structure is formed.

It is also preferred that the contact surface of the metallic, electrically conductive contact element protrudes from the first plastic element.

It is also preferred that the metallic, electrically conductive contact element has a holding area on its circumference that is designed either convex or concave. Alternatively, a knurling, indentation or bevel is provided. Such a shape enables the metallic, electrically conductive contact element to be held particularly securely in the first plastic element. An optional symmetrical shape of the metallic, electrically conductive contact element prevents the metallic, electrically conductive contact element from being inserted incorrectly into an injection mold and is therefore particularly advantageous.

It is further preferred that the first plastic material also contains electrically conductive components in addition to the components of the second plastic material and the first plastic material is electrically conductive due to the conductive components or the first plastic material differs from the second plastic material by the electrically conductive and the electrically non-conductive components and the first plastic material is electrically conductive through the conductive components.

• - das metallische, elektrisch leitende Kontaktelement in ein Werkzeug eingelegt wird und das metallische, elektrisch leitende Kontaktelement mit einem ersten Kunststoff des ersten Kunststoffelementes und einem zweiten Kunststoff des zweiten Kunststoffelementes umgeben, insbesondere umgossen und/oder umspritzt wird, oder
• - das metallische, elektrisch leitende Kontaktelement nach der Herstellung des ersten Kunststoffelementes und des zweiten Kunststoffelementes in das erste Kunststoffelement eingesetzt wird. Unter dem Einsetzen ist beispielsweise ein Einpressen, Einschrauben oder eine sonstige kraftschlüssige und/oder formschlüssige Verbindung zu verstehen, insbesondere das Einpressen in eine passende Aussparung in dem ersten Kunststoffelement, wobei bevorzugt das erste Kunststoffelement oder das erste Kunststoffelement und das zweite Kunststoffelement während des Einpressens elastisch verformt werden. In beiden Fällen liegt aber nach der Herstellung der Steuerelektrode die Steuerelektrode als ein Bauteil vor, so dass bei der Montage der Steuerelektrode in einer Schaltanlage, insbesondere einer Schaltanlage für Mittel- oder Hochspannung, kein Steuerelektrodenbestandteil vergessen oder falsch montiert werden kann.

A second embodiment relates to a manufacturing method for a control electrode, wherein the control electrode is manufactured according to one or more of the above statements by means of an injection molding process, with either

• - The metallic, electrically conductive contact element is placed in a tool and the metallic, electrically conductive contact element is surrounded, in particular cast and/or overmoulded, with a first plastic of the first plastic element and a second plastic of the second plastic element, or
• - The metallic, electrically conductive contact element is inserted into the first plastic element after the production of the first plastic element and the second plastic element. Insertion is to be understood, for example, as pressing in, screwing in or some other non-positive and/or positive connection, in particular pressing into a suitable recess in the first plastic element preferably the first plastic element or the first plastic element and the second plastic element are elastically deformed during pressing. In both cases, however, after the control electrode has been produced, the control electrode is present as a component, so that when the control electrode is installed in a switchgear, in particular a switchgear for medium or high voltage, no control electrode component can be forgotten or incorrectly installed.

It is also preferred that the control electrode is manufactured using an index plate tool. The effect of the index plate tool is that, during production of the control electrode, it is not necessary to reposition the components in order to inject them, thus providing an accelerated production method that is not prone to errors.

It is also preferred that the control electrode is produced using a 2K injection molding process. It is therefore manufactured using a two-component injection molding process.

With regard to the subject matter according to the invention, all statements made above and below regarding the method according to the invention apply and vice versa in a corresponding manner. Also with regard to the advantages of the subject according to the invention, reference is made to the advantages described for the method according to the invention and vice versa.

• 1: Schematische Darstellung einer erfindungsgemäßen Schaltanlage;
• 2: Schematische Darstellung einer erfindungsgemäßen Steuerelektrode in einer Schnittdarstellung;
• 2a: Schematische Darstellung einer Variante des elektrisch leitenden Kontaktelements der erfindungsgemäßen Steuerelektrode in einer Schnittdarstellung;
• 3: Schematische Darstellung einer erfindungsgemäßen Steuerelektrode mit einer Schraube in einer Schnittdarstellung;
• 4: Schematische und perspektivische Darstellung einer erfindungsgemäßen Steuerelektrode;
• 5: Schematische und perspektivische Darstellung einer erfindungsgemäßen Steuerelektrode, an einer Verbindung einer Stromschiene mit einem Bauteil.

The invention is explained in more detail below using an exemplary embodiment. The specific configuration of the exemplary embodiment is in no way to be understood as restricting the general configuration of the method according to the invention and the object according to the invention; Rather, individual design features of the exemplary embodiment can be freely combined with one another and with the features described above in any desired manner.

• 1 : Schematic representation of a switchgear according to the invention;
• 2 : Schematic representation of a control electrode according to the invention in a sectional representation;
• 2a : Schematic representation of a variant of the electrically conductive contact element of the control electrode according to the invention in a sectional representation;
• 3 : Schematic representation of a control electrode according to the invention with a screw in a sectional view;
• 4 : Schematic and perspective representation of a control electrode according to the invention;
• 5 : Schematic and perspective representation of a control electrode according to the invention, at a connection of a busbar to a component.

The 1 shows a schematic representation of a switchgear 1, in particular for medium-voltage applications. The switchgear 1 has, for example, display elements 4 and a control panel 6 . In the switchgear 1, control electrodes 10 according to the invention, not shown here, are arranged in particular in the vicinity of installations, such as busbar outlets, busbar connections, busbar outlets, busbar connections, switch contacts, transformers or current and voltage converters.

The 2 shows a schematic sectional view of a control electrode 10 according to the invention. The control electrode 10 is either produced in one piece, for example in an injection molding process or an injection molding process using an index plate tool, not shown here, or the one metallic, electrically conductive contact element 12, the first plastic element and the second After their production, plastic elements have been joined together to form an overall component, in particular joined together in a form-fitting manner. Additionally or alternatively, an adhesive can also be used, with the adhesive forming a conductive connection for connecting the electrically conductive contact element 12 and the first plastic element 14 .

The control electrode 10 of 2 has an extension in radial directions 100 and in a direction 110 perpendicular to the radial directions 100 . The control electrode 10 is at least partially rotationally symmetrical about the axis 120 .

An electrically conductive contact element 12 with a contact surface 13 is used to produce a mechanically stable electrical contact with a component 200 of a switchgear 1 , the electrically conductive contact element 12 also having a through-opening 18 . The first plastic element 14 is arranged on the circumference 11 of the electrically conductive contact element 12 and extends from the electrically conductive contact element 12 in the vertical direction 110 up to a height 22, in order then to extend in the radial direction 100 and counter to the vertical direction 110 . A cavity 55 is formed, for example, which can be subdivided to stabilize webs 60 made of the material of the first plastic element 14. as shown here. The cavity 55 is therefore delimited by a second inner side 37 of the pot structure 50 of the first plastic element 14 and the first outer side 35 of the pot structure of the first plastic element 14. Alternatively, the first plastic element has no cavity, not shown here, but forms a closed and filled body of rotation .
Furthermore, the collar-shaped structure, which adjoins the inner pot structure 50, is particularly preferred in order to achieve effective electrical field shielding on the one hand, with minimized weight and maximized mechanical stability on the other. The first plastic element thus forms a shoulder at height 22 .

The second plastic element 16 extends from an attachment point 17 on the first plastic element 14 in the vertical direction 110 along the first plastic element 14 to then extend over the height 22 of the first plastic element 14 along the outer surface 40 of the first plastic element 14. The second plastic element 16 thus covers the inner cup structure 50 of the first plastic element 14 and thus forms a second inner side 25 of the second plastic element 16.

The second plastic element 16 serves in particular to prevent electrical flashovers inside the inner pot structure 50 or on the outer surface 40 of the first plastic element 14.

In the preferred embodiment shown, the electrically conductive contact element 12 has a holding area 11 ′ on its contact element circumference 11 , which here protrudes convexly from the contact element circumference 11 . As an alternative and not shown, the holding area 11` is designed to extend concavely into the electrically conductive contact element 12, i.e. as a circumferential recess in the contact element circumference 11.

The 2a shows a further alternative embodiment in which the holding area is designed as a wave-shaped holding area 11'', i.e. the holding area 11'' protrudes both convexly from the contact element circumference 11 and also concavely protrudes into the contact element circumference 11. The edge 13' here between the contact surface 13 and the contact element circumference 11 is only optionally rounded off or provided with a bevel. Alternatively, the shape of the holding portion 11 'of 2a created by knurling or a circumferential groove. An optional symmetrical shape of the metallic, electrically conductive contact element shown here prevents the metallic, electrically conductive contact element from being inserted incorrectly into an injection mold.

The 3 showed a schematic representation of a control electrode 10 according to the invention with a screw, which serves as a connecting means 20 here, in a sectional view. The connecting means 20, here the screw, is guided through the inner pot structure 50 of the second plastic element 16 and the through-opening 18, so that the screw head 20' of the screw presses against the side opposite the contact surface 13 of the electrically conductive contact element 12 when the Screw connects to a component 200, not shown. As a result, the contact surface 13 is pressed against the component 200 (not shown) and/or a busbar 210 (not shown).

The distance between the second inner side 25 of the second plastic element 16 and the screw head 20′ is dimensioned such that a tool (not shown) gripping around the screw head 20′ can be inserted into the inner pot structure 50 of the second plastic element 16. The closure element 20 designed here as a screw has a thread 21 . Alternatively, a threaded rod can also be used instead of a screw, in which case the screw head 20' would then be replaced by a nut.

In the 3 also shows the cavity 55 and a web 60 inside the first plastic member 14, the cavity 55 having an opening pointing counter to the vertical direction 110. FIG.

The 4 shows a schematic and perspective representation of a control electrode 10 according to the invention. The control electrode 10 has an electrically conductive contact element 12 with a contact surface 13 . The electrically conductive contact element 12 is arranged in a first plastic element, the first plastic element here having cavities 55 which are separated from one another by webs 60 . The first plastic element 14 is in turn arranged in a second plastic element 16 . The edge 13' between the contact surface 13 and the contact element circumference 11 is shown here as a sharp edge 13, but this edge 13 can also alternatively be rounded off or provided with a bevel.

In the 4 the electrically conductive contact element 12 protrudes from the first plastic element 14, in particular with the contact surface 13. Alternatively and not shown, the contact surface 12 of the electrically conductive contact element 12 can also end flush with the first plastic element.

The 5 shows a schematic and perspective representation of a control electrode 10 according to the invention, at a connection of a busbar 210 to a component 200. In the inner pot structure 50 of the control electrode 10, a screw, in particular an Allen screw, is provided as a closure element 20, which is spaced from the second inner side 25 is. The component 200 can here be, for example, a current transformer, a voltage transformer, a switching contact, for example in a three-position switch (not shown), a transformer or another current or busbar.

reference list

1

switchgear;

4

display elements;

6

control panel;

10

control electrode; in particular one-piece control electrode;

11

contact element scope;

11'

Holding area on the contact element circumference 11;

11''

wavy holding area on the contact element circumference 11;

12

electrically conductive contact element;

13

Contact surface of the electrically conductive contact element 12;

13'

Edge between the contact surface 13 and the contact element circumference 11;

14

first electrically conductive plastic element;

16

second electrically insulating plastic element;

17

Starting point of the second plastic element 16;

18

through hole;

20

locking element;

21

thread on the closure element 20;

22

height of the first plastic element 14;

25

second inner side of the second plastic element 16;

30

first inner side of the pot structure 50 of the first plastic element 14;

35

first outside of the pot structure of the first plastic element 14;

37

second inner side of the pot structure of the first plastic element 14;

40

outer surface of the first plastic element 14;

45

outer surface of the second plastic element 16;

50

inner pot structure of the second plastic element 16;

55

cavity in the first plastic element 14;

60

Web in the cavity 55 of the first plastic element 14;

100

radial directions of the control electrode 10;

110

perpendicular direction to the radial directions 100;

120

axis of the control electrode 10;

200

Component of a switchgear 1;

210

Busbar of a switchgear 1.

Claims (12)

Control electrode (10) for medium and high-voltage systems (1), the control electrode (10) having: - a metallic, electrically conductive contact element (12), - a first plastic element (14) which is designed to be electrically conductive, and - a second Plastic element (16) which is designed to be electrically insulating; wherein the metallic, electrically conductive contact element (12) and the first plastic element (14) and the second plastic element (16) have either a through opening (18) or a receptacle for a closure element (20), the control electrode (10) being suitable by means of the closure element (20) to be attached to a component (200) of a medium and high-voltage system (1) and to deflect the electrical field of the closure element (20), the metallic, electrically conductive contact element (12) being designed in the shape of a disk, the metallic, electrically conductive contact element (12) extends along radial directions (100) and the metallic, electrically conductive contact element (12) extends perpendicular thereto in a perpendicular direction (110), the metallic, electrically conductive contact element (12) having a contact element circumference (11), which is at least partially surrounded by the first plastic element (14), and the zwe Ite plastic element (16) at least partially surrounds the first plastic element (14), characterized in that the metallic, electrically conductive contact element (12) has a contact surface (13) which extends in the radial directions (100) and the first plastic element (14) extends away from the metallic, electrically conductive contact element (12) in the vertical direction (110) up to a height (22) and thus, together with the disc-shaped, metallic, electrically conductive contact element (12), forms a pot structure (50 ) for shielding the closure element (20). Control electrode (10) after claim 1 , characterized in that the control electrode (10) is made in one piece. Control electrode (10) after claim 1 or 2 , characterized in that the closure element (20) in a recess of the second plastic element (16) or in a recess of the first plastic element (14) and the second plastic element (16) can be arranged. Control electrode (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first plastic element (14) and the second plastic element (16) have a shape or toroidal shape based on a Rogowski profile which is at least partially open on one side. Control electrode (10) after claim 1 until 4 , characterized in that the first plastic element (14) extends from the height (22) in the radial directions (100) and counter to the vertical direction (110), so that the first plastic element (14) forms a collar, the Collar is either completely filled or has cavities (55), which are at least partially separated from one another by webs (60), which are open in the direction of the metallic, electrically conductive contact element (12). Control electrode (10) after claim 5 , characterized in that the second plastic element (16) extends from a starting point (17) on the first inner side (30) of the pot structure (50) of the first plastic element (14) in the vertical direction (110) over the height (22 ) and then extends over the height (22) on a first outer surface (40) of the first plastic element (14) and thus an inner pot structure (50) is formed on the second inner side (25) of the second plastic element (16). Control electrode (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the contact surface (13) of the metallic, electrically conductive contact element (12) protrudes from the first plastic element (14). Control electrode (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the metallic, electrically conductive contact element (12) has a holding area (11`) on its circumference (11) which is either convex, concave or knurled. Control electrode (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first plastic material (14) also contains electrically conductive components in addition to the components of the second plastic material (16) and the first plastic material (14) is electrically conductive due to the conductive components or that the first plastic material (14) differs from the second plastic material (16) by the electrically conductive and the electrically non-conductive components and the first plastic material (14) is electrically conductive by the conductive components. Manufacturing method for a control electrode (10), characterized in that the control electrode (10) is manufactured according to one or more of the preceding claims by means of an injection molding process, with either - the metallic, electrically conductive contact element (12) being placed in a tool and the metallic , electrically conductive contact element (12) is surrounded by a first plastic of the first plastic element (14) and a second plastic of the second plastic element (16), or - the metallic, electrically conductive contact element (12) after the production of the first plastic element (14) and the second plastic element (16) is inserted into the first plastic element (14). manufacturing process claim 10 , characterized in that the control electrode (10) is produced by means of an index plate tool. manufacturing process claim 10 or 11 , characterized in that the control electrode (10) is produced by means of a 2K injection molding process.

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