DE102022132336A1 - Method for the reliable detection of vibrations of the drill body of a drill during the drilling process - Google Patents
Method for the reliable detection of vibrations of the drill body of a drill during the drilling process Download PDFInfo
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- DE102022132336A1 DE102022132336A1 DE102022132336.6A DE102022132336A DE102022132336A1 DE 102022132336 A1 DE102022132336 A1 DE 102022132336A1 DE 102022132336 A DE102022132336 A DE 102022132336A DE 102022132336 A1 DE102022132336 A1 DE 102022132336A1
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- drill
- drilling process
- coolant
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- vibrations
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q17/00—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools
- B23Q17/09—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools for indicating or measuring cutting pressure or for determining cutting-tool condition, e.g. cutting ability, load on tool
- B23Q17/0952—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools for indicating or measuring cutting pressure or for determining cutting-tool condition, e.g. cutting ability, load on tool during machining
- B23Q17/0971—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools for indicating or measuring cutting pressure or for determining cutting-tool condition, e.g. cutting ability, load on tool during machining by measuring mechanical vibrations of parts of the machine
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B49/00—Measuring or gauging equipment on boring machines for positioning or guiding the drill; Devices for indicating failure of drills during boring; Centering devices for holes to be bored
- B23B49/001—Devices for detecting or indicating failure of drills
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B51/00—Tools for drilling machines
- B23B51/06—Drills with lubricating or cooling equipment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q11/00—Accessories fitted to machine tools for keeping tools or parts of the machine in good working condition or for cooling work; Safety devices specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, machine tools
- B23Q11/10—Arrangements for cooling or lubricating tools or work
- B23Q11/1015—Arrangements for cooling or lubricating tools or work by supplying a cutting liquid through the spindle
- B23Q11/1023—Tool holders, or tools in general specially adapted for receiving the cutting liquid from the spindle
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q17/00—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools
- B23Q17/12—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools for indicating or measuring vibration
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B2260/00—Details of constructional elements
- B23B2260/128—Sensors
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Drilling And Boring (AREA)
Abstract
Bei einem Verfahren zur sicheren Detektion von Vibrationen des Bohrkörpers eines Bohrers beim Bohrvorgang, wobei im Bohrkörper Kühlmittelbohrungen vorgesehen sind, über die ein Kühlmittelschmierstoff zur Kühlung des Bohrers beim Bohrvorgang unter Druck über ein Kühlmittelschmierstoffsystem zugeführt wird, wird der Druck und/oder der Durchfluss im Kühlmittelschmierstoffsystem unmittelbar vor dem Bohrer mit einem oder mehreren Sensor(en) erfasst und die Messwerte des Sensors/der Sensoren in einer Auswerteeinheit ausgewertet.
In a method for the reliable detection of vibrations of the drill body of a drill during the drilling process, wherein coolant holes are provided in the drill body through which a coolant lubricant is supplied under pressure via a coolant lubricant system for cooling the drill during the drilling process, the pressure and/or the flow in the coolant lubricant system immediately upstream of the drill is recorded with one or more sensors and the measured values of the sensor(s) are evaluated in an evaluation unit.
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur sicheren Detektion des Bohrerverhaltens, des Bohrkörpers und des Bohrers beim Bohrvorgang.The invention relates to a method for the reliable detection of the drill behavior, the drill body and the drill during the drilling process.
Aus der
Aus der
Aus der
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung anzugeben, die eine sichere Detektion des Ratterns ermöglicht und die es ermöglicht, wenn ein Rattern detektiert wird entsprechende Gegenmaßnahmen einzuleiten.The object of the invention is to provide a method and a device which enables a reliable detection of the rattling and which makes it possible to initiate appropriate countermeasures when a rattling is detected.
Gelöst wird diese Aufgabe durch die im Anspruch 1 angegebenen Merkmale.This object is achieved by the features specified in claim 1.
Vorteilhafte Weiterentwicklungen sind in den Unteransprüchen angegeben.Advantageous further developments are specified in the subclaims.
Die wesentliche Idee der Erfindung ist es, das Rattern durch Messung des Drucks und oder des Durchflusses im Kühlmittelschmierstoff-Versorgungssystem sicher zu erfassen.The main idea of the invention is to reliably detect the chattering by measuring the pressure and/or the flow in the coolant-lubricant supply system.
In vorteilhafter Weise wird der Druck und oder der Durchfluss des Kühlmittelschmierstoffs unmittelbar vor dem Bohrer messtechnisch erfasst.Advantageously, the pressure and/or flow of the coolant lubricant is measured immediately upstream of the drill.
Nachfolgen ist die Erfindung anhand eines in der Zeichnung dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiels näher erläutert.The invention is explained in more detail below using an embodiment shown in the drawing.
Es zeigen:
-
1 Bohrer beim Schneidvorgang.
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1 Drill during cutting process.
Der Bohrer weist innenliegende Kühlmittelbohrungen auf, die bis zur Schneide des Bohrers reichen, wo der Kühlmittelschmierstoff austritt. Neben der Kühlung der Schneiden dient der Kühlmittelschmierstoff auch zum Abtransport von Spänen aus dem Bohrloch.The drill has internal coolant holes that reach to the cutting edge of the drill, where the coolant lubricant emerges. In addition to cooling the cutting edges, the coolant lubricant also serves to remove chips from the drill hole.
Nachfolgend ist die Funktion der Erfindung nochmals näher erläutert.The function of the invention is explained in more detail below.
An den Bohrerschneiden entstehen hohe Schnittkräfte, welche ein Drehmoment auf den Bohrer erzeugen.High cutting forces are generated at the drill cutting edges, which generate a torque on the drill.
Bedingt durch die geometrische Form des Bohrers verlängert sich dieser mit ansteigendem Drehmoment, verursacht durch die Zerspanungskräfte.Due to the geometric shape of the drill, it lengthens with increasing torque caused by the cutting forces.
Dies, bis der Span wieder bricht, dadurch verringert sich das Drehmoment und der Bohrer verkürzt sich wieder bis zum nächsten Spandickenzuwachs. Dieser Effekt verursacht das bekannte „Rattern“ eines Bohrers, welches wesentlich für die Bohrlochqualität verantwortlich ist.This continues until the chip breaks again, which reduces the torque and the drill shortens again until the next chip thickness increase. This effect causes the well-known "chattering" of a drill, which is largely responsible for the quality of the drill hole.
Dieses „Rattern“ verursacht eine Druck- und Durchfluss Schwankung im KSS Versorgungssystem, was erfindungsgemäß messtechnisch optimal erfasst wird.This “rattling” causes a pressure and flow fluctuation in the coolant supply system, which is optimally measured using the present invention.
Je dichter der Messpunkt an der Schneide liegt, desto exakter wird die Messung mittels Druck- und oder Strömungssensoren.The closer the measuring point is to the cutting edge, the more precise the measurement using pressure and/or flow sensors.
Mit Prozessaufzeichnungen des „gut“ Zustandes oder anderer vorhandener Erfahrungswerte, kann durch Vergleich mit den aktuellen Messwerten folgendes erreicht werden:
- Im einfachsten Falle kann dadurch ein Bohrerbruch verhindert werden, indem ein Vorschubstopp bei Grenzwertüberschreitung erfolgt.
- In the simplest case, drill breakage can be prevented by stopping the feed rate when the limit is exceeded.
Bohrerschneiden Verschleissgrenzenerkennung, auch predictionDrill cutting wear limit detection, also prediction
Im Werkstück/Werkstoff können Lunker, Spalte, inhomogene Stellen durch abfallenden Gegendruck oder Änderung des Druckschwingungsprofiles des Kühlmittels erkannt werden. Dadurch besteht eine Optimierungsmöglichkeit des Bohrvorganges durch direkte Rückmeldung der Bohrsituation.Blowholes, gaps and inhomogeneous areas in the workpiece/material can be detected by decreasing counter pressure or changes in the pressure oscillation profile of the coolant. This makes it possible to optimize the drilling process by providing direct feedback on the drilling situation.
Vorschub/Drehzahl Optimierung durch Erkennung/Verhinderung von „Rattern“ Frühestmögliches Erkennen von Resonanzen und/oder das Aufschwingen von Maschine oder Werkstücken, um die Drehzahl oder Vorschub in Echtzeit so zu verändern, dass solche schädlichen Arbeitsbereiche weitgehendst vermieden werden. Durch KI oder einfache Fensterdefinition können für zukünftige Bohrvorgänge die relevanten Parameter ermittelt werden.Feed/speed optimization by detecting/preventing "chattering" Early detection of resonances and/or the oscillation of the machine or workpieces in order to change the speed or feed in real time so that such harmful working areas are avoided as far as possible. The relevant parameters for future drilling processes can be determined using AI or simple window definition.
Optimierung von KSS Menge/Druck oder Fehlererkennung (durch Soll Ist Abweichung und Regelung)Optimization of coolant quantity/pressure or error detection (through target actual deviation and control)
Auch die Schnittleistung, die Standzeit der Schneide und der Sicherheitsabstand zu einem Bohrerbruch kann dadurch beeinflusst werden.The cutting performance, the service life of the cutting edge and the safety distance to a drill breakage can also be influenced.
Schneid- und Standzeitverlängerung von Schneide und WerkzeugCutting and service life extension of cutting edge and tool
Überhitzung oder Beschädigung vom Werkstück oder Bohrer kann effektiv verhindert werden.Overheating or damage to the workpiece or drill can be effectively prevented.
Die erfindungsgemäße Idee kann bei vielen anderen Schneiden, welche die KSS Zuführung unter Druck direkt an (in) der Schneide (Spanformgeber) haben, eingesetzt werden.The inventive idea can be used for many other cutting edges which have the coolant supply under pressure directly on (in) the cutting edge (chip former).
Bohr- und Schneidvorgänge werden oft mittels Kraft- und Schwingungsmessung erfasst und optimiert. Dies funktioniert einigermaßen gut bei großen Bohrern, die in kleinen und mittleren Spindeln gehalten werden.Drilling and cutting operations are often recorded and optimized using force and vibration measurement. This works reasonably well for large drills held in small and medium spindles.
Generell hat diese Anordnung dazu große Vorteile bei großen Verhältnissen von Bohrer/Schneidwerkzeug zu Einspannung/Spindel/Maschine.In general, this arrangement has great advantages when the ratio of drill/cutting tool to clamping/spindle/machine is large.
In vorteilhafter Weise ist der Drucksensor in unmittelbarer Nähe zum Bohrer vorgesehen. Der Drucksensor (0-100bar, Dynamik 10-90% in 2ms) wird in der Bohrerhalterung eingebaut und über Induktionskoppler während des Betriebes abgefragt.It is advantageous to install the pressure sensor in the immediate vicinity of the drill. The pressure sensor (0-100 bar, dynamics 10-90% in 2 ms) is installed in the drill holder and is queried during operation via an induction coupler.
Als alternativer Einbauort für den Drucksensor ist kann die Drehdurchführung für Werkzeugmaschinen dienen. Dadurch wird die Dynamik bei sehr kleinen Werkzeugen/Bohrern etwas verringert, weil die Messung weiter von der Schneide entfernt stattfindet. Die innere Kühlmittelzufuhr durch die Elektrospindel erfordert eine qualitativ hochwertige Drehdurchführung. Zu den wichtigsten Parametern für die richtige Auswahl der Drehdurchführung gehören: - Durchzuführendes Medium (d.h. Kühlschmiermittel, Minimalmengenschmierung, Luft, Schneidöl), - Drehzahl der Maschine, - Druck und Temperatur, - Verbindung mit der Maschine: Läufer mit Gewinde, steckbarer Läufer mit gehäusegetragener Ausführung oder lagerloser Dichtsatz - Filtrierung des Mediums.An alternative installation location for the pressure sensor is the rotary union for machine tools. This reduces the dynamics somewhat for very small tools/drills because the measurement takes place further away from the cutting edge. The internal coolant supply through the electrospindle requires a high-quality rotary union. The most important parameters for selecting the correct rotary union include: - medium to be fed through (i.e. coolant, minimum quantity lubrication, air, cutting oil), - speed of the machine, - pressure and temperature, - connection to the machine: threaded rotor, plug-in rotor with housing-supported design or bearingless seal kit - filtration of the medium.
Neben diesen Parametern sind auch die Platzverhältnisse zur Montage der Drehdurchführung zu berücksichtigen. Drehdurchführungen mit Wälzlagern haben den Vorteil, dass sie einfach an der Spindel zu installieren sind.In addition to these parameters, the space available for mounting the rotary union must also be taken into account. Rotary unions with roller bearings have the advantage that they are easy to install on the spindle.
ZITATE ENTHALTEN IN DER BESCHREIBUNGQUOTES INCLUDED IN THE DESCRIPTION
Diese Liste der vom Anmelder aufgeführten Dokumente wurde automatisiert erzeugt und ist ausschließlich zur besseren Information des Lesers aufgenommen. Die Liste ist nicht Bestandteil der deutschen Patent- bzw. Gebrauchsmusteranmeldung. Das DPMA übernimmt keinerlei Haftung für etwaige Fehler oder Auslassungen.This list of documents listed by the applicant was generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA accepts no liability for any errors or omissions.
Zitierte PatentliteraturCited patent literature
- DE 502005001789 D1 [0002]DE 502005001789 D1 [0002]
- DE 19942440 A1 [0003]DE 19942440 A1 [0003]
- DE 102010026947 B3 [0004]DE 102010026947 B3 [0004]
Claims (4)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102022132336.6A DE102022132336B4 (en) | 2022-12-06 | 2022-12-06 | Method for the reliable detection of vibrations of the drill body of a drill during the drilling process |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102022132336.6A DE102022132336B4 (en) | 2022-12-06 | 2022-12-06 | Method for the reliable detection of vibrations of the drill body of a drill during the drilling process |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DE102022132336A1 true DE102022132336A1 (en) | 2024-06-06 |
| DE102022132336B4 DE102022132336B4 (en) | 2025-12-24 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102022132336.6A Active DE102022132336B4 (en) | 2022-12-06 | 2022-12-06 | Method for the reliable detection of vibrations of the drill body of a drill during the drilling process |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
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| DE (1) | DE102022132336B4 (en) |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE19942440A1 (en) | 1998-09-28 | 2000-03-30 | Mitsubishi Materials Corp | Drilling tool has concave surface raised in relation to clearing surface of cutting edge in rotary direction of tool and running towards distal end of tool |
| DE20205861U1 (en) | 2002-04-03 | 2002-09-19 | TBT Tiefbohrtechnik GmbH, 72581 Dettingen | Drilling device with a multi-bladed drilling tool, especially deep drilling tool |
| EP1748859B1 (en) | 2004-05-28 | 2007-10-24 | Kennametal Inc. | Drill, particularly a spiral drill |
| DE102009031166A1 (en) | 2009-03-17 | 2010-09-30 | Heinz Adams | Forming machine tool has integrated devices for optical monitoring and control, acoustic monitoring and control and monitoring and control of vibrations |
| DE102010026947B3 (en) | 2010-07-12 | 2011-12-08 | Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover | Drilling tool, use of this drilling tool and drilling method performed with the drilling tool |
| DE102007053644B4 (en) | 2007-11-08 | 2013-10-10 | Comara Kg | Process monitoring process for drilling operations |
-
2022
- 2022-12-06 DE DE102022132336.6A patent/DE102022132336B4/en active Active
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE19942440A1 (en) | 1998-09-28 | 2000-03-30 | Mitsubishi Materials Corp | Drilling tool has concave surface raised in relation to clearing surface of cutting edge in rotary direction of tool and running towards distal end of tool |
| DE20205861U1 (en) | 2002-04-03 | 2002-09-19 | TBT Tiefbohrtechnik GmbH, 72581 Dettingen | Drilling device with a multi-bladed drilling tool, especially deep drilling tool |
| EP1748859B1 (en) | 2004-05-28 | 2007-10-24 | Kennametal Inc. | Drill, particularly a spiral drill |
| DE502005001789D1 (en) | 2004-05-28 | 2007-12-06 | Kennametal Inc | DRILL, ESPECIALLY SPIRAL DRILL |
| DE102007053644B4 (en) | 2007-11-08 | 2013-10-10 | Comara Kg | Process monitoring process for drilling operations |
| DE102009031166A1 (en) | 2009-03-17 | 2010-09-30 | Heinz Adams | Forming machine tool has integrated devices for optical monitoring and control, acoustic monitoring and control and monitoring and control of vibrations |
| DE102010026947B3 (en) | 2010-07-12 | 2011-12-08 | Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover | Drilling tool, use of this drilling tool and drilling method performed with the drilling tool |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE102022132336B4 (en) | 2025-12-24 |
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