DE102022121704A1 - Kit for attaching two solar module laminates and solar modules - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a kit for fastening two solar module laminates (1,1'), each with a circumferential laminate edge (10,10'), in a mounting position on a support element (5), the kit having two frame profiles (2,2'), each Frame profile (2,2') with a support section (22,22'), which is designed to carry the associated solar module laminate (1,1') in the area of its laminate edge (10,10'), and with a fastening section (21, 21 '), which is designed to fix the frame profile (2, 2') in the assembly position on the support element (5); - a clamp (3) with a clamp body (32) and a clamp body (32) extending through the clamp body (32). Opening; - a fastening element (4) which is designed to extend through the opening of the clamp (3) in the mounting position of the solar module laminates (1, 1') on the carrier element (5) to the clamp (3) with the carrier element (5) to releasably connect the fastening sections (21, 21') to the carrier element (5) in an assembly direction (M) while clamping the solar module; wherein the fastening sections (21, 21'), viewed in the assembly direction (M), are formed at a distance below the support sections (22, 22') and each have a fastening projection (210, 210') oriented in the direction of the support sections (22, 22') and that the clamp (3) has at least one clamp projection (31,31') which is oriented in the assembly direction (M) in order to be non-positively engaged in the assembly position with the fastening sections (21,21') with their oppositely oriented fastening projections (210,210'). The invention further relates to solar modules comprising this kit and the solar module laminates (1, 1').

Description

The invention relates to a kit for attaching two solar module laminates and solar modules. In particular, the invention relates to a kit for attaching solar module laminates to support elements and the invention relates to solar modules that have the kit and the solar module laminates.

Solar module laminates usually have a glass pane on which electrically connected wafer solar cells are arranged as so-called strings. These strings, which are arranged on the glass pane, are often laminated on the back with a permanently weather-resistant plastic film and embedding polymers. The glass pane forms the solar module laminate front side, and the weather-resistant plastic film forms the solar module laminate back side, with the solar module laminate front side representing a light-incident side in the assembly position and the solar module laminate back side representing a side facing away from light in the assembly position. Alternatively, the solar module laminate front can also be made from a thin plastic disc. Such a solar module laminate can be provided with a frame in order to increase its stability and rigidity and/or to create an assembly option via the frame profiles forming the frame. The laminate layer structure of glass pane or plastic pane, solar cell strings, embedding polymers and weather-resistant plastic film that has not yet been combined with the frame profiles is referred to as solar module laminate in the context of this invention. As soon as this solar module laminate is combined with a frame made of solar module frame profiles, it is referred to as a solar module. The difference between the terms “solar module” and “solar module laminate” is that the solar module, in comparison to the solar module laminate, still has a plurality of frame profiles and often adhesives for bonding the frame profiles to the solar module laminate along its laminate edges.

The support element, to which the frame profiles with the solar module laminates attached to them are fixed, can be designed as a substructure on a building roof. For this purpose, the support element is designed, for example, as a transverse purlin made of steel or aluminum profiles.

From the prior art are, as in 1 shown, solar modules are known which have a kit for fastening two solar module laminates 1, 1 'in a mounting position on a support element 5 such as a substructure. Two such solar modules are in 1 shown in sections in a cross-sectional view and have the kit and two solar module laminates 1,1', each with a circumferential laminate edge 10,10'. The kit has two frame profiles 2, 2 ', a clamp 3 and a fastening element 4. Each frame profile 2, 2' has a support section 22, 22' which is designed to support the associated solar module laminate 1, 1' in the area of its laminate edge 10, 10'. In this frame profile, this is achieved by a U-shaped encircling of the laminate edges 10, 10' by means of the support sections 22, 22'. Furthermore, each frame profile 2, 2' has a fastening section 21, 21', via which the frame profile 2, 2' is fixed in a mounting position on the support element 5 with the aid of a clamp 3. Below the fastening section 21, 21' and support section 22, 22', the frame profile 2, 2' extends with a connecting section 23, 23' in the direction of the support element 5. The clamp 3 has a U-shaped clamp body 32, which extends through the clamp body 32 extending opening (not shown) and two clamp legs 33,33 '. The clamp legs 33,33 each rest flat on the associated fastening sections 21,21'. In the assembly position, the clamp legs 33, 33' exert a force on the fastening sections 21, 21' on which they rest in the assembly position and thereby fix the fastening sections 21, 21' and thus the frame profiles 2, 2' with the two solar module laminates 1, 1 ' on the carrier element 5. The fastening element 4 is designed to fix the clamp 3 in a mounting direction M through the opening of the clamp 3 on the carrier element 5. The clamp 3 exerts a force on the solar module laminates 1, 1' attached to the frame profiles 2, 2' via its clamp legs 33, 33' and the fastening sections 21, 21'.

• • Die Solarmodullaminate sind im Bereich ihrer Laminatkanten durch die sich über den Tragabschnitten befindenden Klemmen relativ hohen mechanischen Belastungen ausgesetzt.
• • Glasbruchrisiko bei hohen Windlasten: bei Glas-haltigen Solarmodulen aufgrund der Solarmodullaminat-Klemmung, da die Klemme oberhalb der Laminatkanten der Solarmodullaminate angeordnet ist, so dass das Glas brechen kann.
• • Silikonspannung bei Silikon-haltigen Solarmodullaminaten aufgrund dieser Solarmodullaminat-Klemmung.

Disadvantages of such a construction are:

• • The solar module laminates are exposed to relatively high mechanical loads in the area of their laminate edges due to the clamps located above the support sections.
• • Risk of glass breakage under high wind loads: for solar modules containing glass due to the solar module laminate clamping, as the clamp is arranged above the laminate edges of the solar module laminates, so that the glass can break.
• • Silicone tension in solar module laminates containing silicone due to this solar module laminate clamping.

In order to install solar module laminates in regions with high tensile loads, even more clamping points must be used, for example six clamping points in the form of the clamp described, whereby the clamping points each have to be mounted on their own substructure rail, which requires additional assembly structure and costs caused. Alternatively, the use of special clamps that can accommodate the required loads in such a way that there is no or a reduced risk of breakage for the solar module laminates can be considered. However, such clamps are mechanically complex and increase the assembly costs for solar modules.

There is therefore a need to reduce the number of clamping areas and points and a need to reduce the tensile loads that occur on the laminate edges of the solar module laminates. There is also a need to be able to permanently fix the solar module laminates easily, safely and quickly to a support element.

It is therefore an object of the invention to provide an improved kit for attaching solar module laminates to a support element and it is the object of the invention to provide solar modules which ensure simple, quick and permanent attachment of solar module laminates to a support element.

According to the invention, this object is achieved by a kit with the features of patent claim 1 and by a solar module with the features of patent claim 10. Advantageous modifications and further developments are specified in the subclaims.

According to the invention it is provided that the fastening sections of the frame profiles, viewed in the assembly direction, are each formed at a distance below the support sections and each have a fastening projection oriented in the direction of the support sections and that the clamp has at least one clamp projection which is oriented in the assembly direction in order to be non-positively connected in the assembly position to be brought into engagement with the fastening sections with their oppositely oriented fastening projections.

As a result, the kit provides a very simple mechanical fastening option for solar module laminates to the support element, which is sufficiently stable even under high wind loads without the solar module laminate being exposed to excessive mechanical forces acting on the laminate edges at fastening points.

This kit provides each of the frame profiles with a fastening projection as a type of additional mounting hook on a lateral frame profile side in the lower area of the frame profile. With the clamp adapted to it, a permanently stable fastening of the solar module laminates to the support element can be achieved even in the face of high loads, for example wind load requirements, while avoiding that the laminate edges are uniquely exposed to strongly deviating forces along their extension, which are caused by the standing position Clamping known to technology can be caused.

• • Keine sichtbaren Klemmen auf der Rahmenprofil-Vorderseite, wobei die Vorderseite die Lichteinfallseite des Solarmodullaminats darstellt. Dadurch wird der ästhetische Eindruck der Solarmodule verbessert.
• • Kostenreduktion bei der Herstellung der Klemme.
• • Keine Einschränkung des Klemmbereiches auch bei hohen Windlasten erforderlich. Somit kann eine hohe Flexibilität hinsichtlich der räumlichen Lage und Verteilung der Klemmabschnitte gewahrt werden.
• • Möglichkeit eines zusätzlichen Potentialausgleiches zwischen Trägerelement und Solarmodulen mittels geeigneter Klemmen.
• • Erhöhung der Montagesicherheit, da die Rahmenprofile dank der räumlich anderen Lage der Befestigungsabschnitte nicht mehr aus der Klemme herausrutschen können. Dadurch wird die Montagesicherheit der Solarmodule erhöht.
• • Reduzierung eines Glasbruchrisikos der Solarmodullaminate aufgrund der Klemmung unterhalb der Tragabschnitte, was zu einer höheren Lebensdauer und Betriebssicherheit führt.
• • Reduzierung der im Solarmodullaminat herrschenden Silikonspannung aufgrund der Solarmodulklemmung unterhalb der Tragabschnitte.
• • Das Rahmenprofil mit den Solarmodullaminaten ist auch gemischt mit Klemmen gemäß Stand der Technik und den Klemmen gemäß Bausatzes fixierbar.
• • Im Vergleich zum Stand der Technik werden weniger und leichtere Klemmen im Bausatz benötigt. Dadurch werden Lager- und Transportkosten reduziert.

Further advantages of the kit and the solar modules comprising this kit are:

• • No visible clamps on the front of the frame profile, with the front representing the light incidence side of the solar module laminate. This improves the aesthetic impression of the solar modules.
• • Cost reduction in the production of the clamp.
• • No restriction of the clamping area required even under high wind loads. A high degree of flexibility can thus be maintained with regard to the spatial position and distribution of the clamping sections.
• • Possibility of additional potential equalization between the carrier element and solar modules using suitable clamps.
• • Increased assembly security, as the frame profiles can no longer slip out of the clamp thanks to the spatially different position of the fastening sections. This increases the installation reliability of the solar modules.
• • Reduction of the risk of glass breakage of the solar module laminates due to the clamping below the support sections, which leads to a longer service life and operational reliability.
• • Reduction of the silicone tension in the solar module laminate due to the solar module clamping below the supporting sections.
• • The frame profile with the solar module laminates can also be fixed using a mixture of clamps according to the state of the art and the clamps according to the kit.
• • Compared to the state of the art, fewer and lighter clamps are required in the kit. This reduces storage and transport costs.

In a preferred embodiment, the fastening sections with the fastening projections and the clamp body with the clamp projections are designed and set up in such a way that the clamp projections and the fastening projections are brought into a positive connection in the assembly position by means of the fastening element. The mechanical positive connection makes it even safer Fastening of the solar module laminates fixed to the frame profiles to the support element is ensured using the kit. The fastening projections and the clamp projections can also be designed in such a way that they are wedge-shaped at least in sections, so that the production of the positive connection between the projections when the clamp is pressed onto the fastening sections is ensured during the assembly process.

The support section is preferably formed in the region of an upper end of the associated frame profile and the associated fastening section is formed in the region of a lower end of the frame profile. This creates spatial decoupling between the fixing area of the laminate edges and the fixing area of the frame profiles. The installation stability of the solar modules is increased using this kit.

In a preferred embodiment, when viewed projected in the assembly direction, the fastening section of the frame profile is designed to be completely or largely overlapped by the support section in the frame profile. As a result, the fastening section is covered by the support section when viewed from above. Solar module laminates assembled in this way can be installed closer together. This leads in particular to a more aesthetically pleasing appearance of the mounted solar modules.

The clamp preferably has the clamp projections oriented in the mounting direction and is also free of other projections and essentially flat. This makes it particularly cost-effective and easy to produce as a simple sheet metal part.

In a preferred embodiment, the clamp consists of the clamp body, the clamp projections and the opening. This means that the clamp consists exclusively of the clamp body with the opening integrated therein and the clamp projections. This makes it particularly simple to set up.

The kit preferably has one or two clamps in order to fasten two solar module laminates to the support element using the adjacently arranged frame profiles. More preferably, the kit has two terminals. Two clamping points are sufficient to securely fasten the solar module laminate to the support element along a usually long laminate edge. The kit can also have more than two clamps, but it is desirable to use as few clamps as possible to attach the solar module to the support element. The kit has a number of fastening elements corresponding to the number of terminals.

The fastening element is preferably designed as a screw. This ensures a stable, cost-effective, detachable connection between the clamp and the carrier element.

In a preferred embodiment, the support sections are designed to surround the laminate edges of the associated solar module laminate in a U-shape and to fix them solely by mechanical clamping. This means that the solar module laminates are held stably in their associated frame profiles along their laminate edges. The solar module laminates can be designed both as wafer solar module laminates and as thin-film solar module laminates.

Alternatively or additionally, the support sections are designed to be glued to the laminate edges of the associated solar module laminate. If the laminate edges are surrounded by the support sections in a U-shape and are further glued, a clamping connection and a material connection between the laminate edges and the support sections is ensured. It is also conceivable that the solar module laminates are only glued to the laminate edges along their edges on the back and are free of frame profile sections on the front. This variant is particularly advantageous for thin-film solar module laminates because of its uniform optical appearance.

The invention further relates to solar modules which have the kit according to one or more of the previously described embodiments and, in addition to the kit, the solar module laminates.

Further advantages and properties of the kit and the solar modules are explained using the preferred embodiment described below with regard to the prior art. However, the figures are not drawn to scale, but are to be understood purely schematically and as examples. In addition, the same or similar parts are provided with the same reference numbers in all figures.

• 1 eine Querschnittsansicht von zwei montierten Solarmodullaminaten gemäß Stand der Technik;
• 2 eine Querschnittsansicht eines Rahmenprofils eines erfindungsgemäßen Bausatzes;
• 3 eine Querschnittsansicht einer Klemme eines erfindungsgemäßen Bausatzes; und
• 4 eine Querschnittsansicht von zwei mit einem erfindungsgemäßen Bausatz montierten Solarmodullaminaten, die zwei montierte Solarmodule bilden.

It shows:

• 1 a cross-sectional view of two assembled solar module laminates according to the prior art;
• 2 a cross-sectional view of a frame profile of a kit according to the invention;
• 3 a cross-sectional view of a clamp of a kit according to the invention; and
• 4 a cross-sectional view of two solar module laminates assembled with a kit according to the invention, which form two assembled solar modules.

1 shows a cross-sectional view of two assembled solar module laminates according to the prior art. To describe the 1 Reference is made to the introduction to the description.

2 shows a cross-sectional view of a frame profile 2 of a kit according to the invention. The frame profile 2 has a support section 22 which is designed to carry a solar module laminate (not shown here) in the area of its laminate edge (not shown). The frame profile 2 further has a fastening section 21, which is designed to fix the frame profile 2 in a mounting position on a support element (not shown). The support section 22 is formed in the area of an upper end of the frame profile 2, and the fastening section 21 is formed in the area of a lower end of the frame profile 2. They are connected to one another via a connecting section 23, with the fastening section 21 projecting behind the support section 22 in such a way that, when viewed from above, the support section 22 overlaps the fastening section 21. The fastening section 21 has a fastening projection 210 oriented in the direction of the support section 22.

3 shows a cross-sectional view of a terminal of a kit according to the invention. The clamp 3 has a clamp body 32 and an opening extending through the clamp body 32 as well as clamp projections 31, 31 'which extend in a mounting direction M. Apart from the clamp projections 31, 31 ', the clamp 3 is free of other projections and is essentially flat. The clamp 3 consists of the clamp body 32 with the opening extending through it and the clamp projections 31, 31 '.

4 shows a cross-sectional view of two solar module laminates 1, 1 'mounted with a kit according to the invention, which form two mounted solar modules. In the 4 Solar module laminates 1,1 'shown correspond to those in 1 shown solar module laminates 1.1' with the difference that two in 2 shown frame profiles 2, 2 'and those in 3 shown clamp 3 are used, so that the fastening sections 21, 21 'viewed in the mounting direction M are formed spaced below the support sections 22, 22' and each have a fastening projection 210, 210' oriented in the direction of the support sections 22, 22' and that the clamp 3 clamp projections 31,31', which are oriented in the mounting direction M, in order to engage in a non-positive manner with the fastening sections 21,21' with their oppositely oriented fastening projections 210,210' in the mounting position. Furthermore, the fastening sections 21, 21' are particularly preferably designed and set up with their fastening projections 210, 210' and the clamp body 32 with its clamp projections 31, 31' in such a way that the clamp projections 31, 31' and the fastening projections 210, 210' are in the mounting position by means of the fastening element 4 , at least in sections, in addition to the frictional connection, also form a positive connection.

List of reference symbols:

1, 1'

Solar panel laminate

10, 10'

Laminate edge

2, 2'

Frame profile

21, 21'

Fastening section

210,210'

Fastening projection

22, 22'

Support section

23, 23'

connection section

3

Clamp

31, 31'

Terminal projection

32

Terminal body

33, 33'

clamp leg

4

fastener

5

Support element

M

Mounting direction

Claims (10)

Kit for attaching two solar module laminates (1,1'), each with a circumferential laminate edge (10,10') in a mounting position on a support element (5), the kit comprising - two frame profiles (2,2'), each frame profile (2, 2') with a support section (22,22'), which is designed to carry the associated solar module laminate (1,1') in the area of its laminate edge (10,10'), and with a fastening section (21,21'), which is designed to fix the frame profile (2,2') in the assembly position on the support element (5); - a clamp (3) with a clamp body (32) and an opening extending through the clamp body (32); - a fastening element (4), which is designed to extend through the opening of the clamp (3) in the mounting position of the solar module laminates (1, 1') on the carrier element (5) in order to connect the clamp (3) to the carrier element (5 ) in a mounting direction (M) with the solar module clamping of the fastening sections (21, 21') with the carrier element (5). bar to connect; characterized in that the fastening sections (21, 21'), viewed in the assembly direction (M), are formed at a distance below the support sections (22, 22') and each have a fastening projection (210, 210') oriented in the direction of the support sections (22, 22'). and that the clamp (3) has at least one clamp projection (31,31') which is oriented in the assembly direction (M) in order to be non-positively connected in the assembly position to the fastening sections (21,21') with their oppositely oriented fastening projections (210,210'). to be brought into action. Kit according to Claim 1 , characterized in that the fastening sections (21,21') with the fastening projections (210,210') and the clamp body (32) with the clamp projections (31,31') are designed and set up in such a way that the clamp projections (31,31') and to bring the fastening projections (210,210') into a positive connection in the assembly position by means of the fastening element (4). Kit according to Claim 1 or 2 , characterized in that the support section (22,22') is formed in the region of an upper end of the associated frame profile (2,2') and the associated fastening section (21,21') is formed in the region of a lower end of the frame profile (2, 2') is trained. Kit according to Claim 3 , characterized in that when viewed projected in the assembly direction (M), the fastening section (21,21') of the frame profile (2,2') completely or largely overlaps the support section (22,22') in the frame profile (2,2') is trained. Kit according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the clamp (3) has the clamp projections (31, 31') oriented in the assembly direction and is also designed to be free of other projections and essentially flat. Kit according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the clamp (3) consists of the clamp body (32), the clamp projections (31,31') and the opening. Kit according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the fastening element (4) is designed as a screw. Kit according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the support sections (22,22') are designed to surround the laminate edges (10,10`) of the associated solar module laminate (1,1') in a U-shape. Kit according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the support sections (22,22') are designed to be glued to the laminate edges (10,10`) of the associated solar module laminate (1,1'). Solar modules, comprising the kit according to one of the preceding claims and the solar module laminates (1,1').

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