DE102022120903A1 - Electricity and heat supply to buildings and/or industrial facilities - Google Patents

Abstract

Described and illustrated is a method for supplying electricity and heat to at least one building (G) and/or at least one industrial plant (A), in which electricity (4) is generated by means of sunlight via at least one photovoltaic system (PV), in which by means of of the electricity (4) generated in the photovoltaic system (PV) is split into molecular hydrogen (H2) and oxygen (O2) in an electrolyzer (E), using molecular hydrogen (H2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) in a synthesizer ( S) methanol (CH3OH) is produced, in which the methanol (CH3OH) produced is temporarily stored in a methanol tank (9), in which the temporarily stored methanol (CH3OH) is stored in a power and heat generator (V) while delivering electricity ( 4) and heat (Q) is oxidized and in which the at least one building (G) and / or the at least one industrial plant (A) with electricity (4) and heat (Q) generated in the electricity and heat generator (V) is supplied so that a supply of large buildings and/or industrial plants that is as self-sufficient as possible, especially all year round, can be achieved economically.

Description

The invention relates to a method for supplying electricity and heat to at least one building and/or at least one industrial facility. The invention further relates to a system for supplying electricity and heat to at least one building and/or at least one industrial system for carrying out the method mentioned.

Buildings intended for either commercial and/or private use, as well as industrial facilities, are regularly supplied with electricity and heat as required. In the past, electricity and heat were mostly generated by burning fossil fuels. Currently, in many cases, electricity in particular is generated from renewable sources. The renewable electricity can be generated centrally or decentrally via photovoltaic systems on the roof of the building and/or the industrial facility. If necessary, the electricity generated from renewable sources can also be used to provide heat for the building or industrial facility using heat pumps, although for economic reasons the temperature level of the heat is rather low. However, in many cases it is not possible or only possible to a limited extent to supply the building and/or the industrial facility with electricity and heat. This is particularly true if the building or industrial facility is intended to operate independently all year round, including in winter, when solar radiation is very low and the heat requirement is very high.

To achieve this, storage devices for temporarily storing energy are essential. However, such storage devices are quite expensive, particularly for storing large amounts of energy. This applies in particular to appropriately sized battery storage systems. Other storage solutions, on the other hand, can only be operated with high conversion losses or storing large amounts of energy, for example in the form of hydrogen, is very complex. Therefore, the year-round self-sufficient supply of large buildings and/or industrial facilities in particular has not yet been satisfactorily solved due to their high energy requirements.

The present invention is therefore based on the object of designing and developing the method and the system of the type mentioned at the beginning and previously explained in more detail in such a way that a supply of large buildings and/or industrial systems that is as self-sufficient as possible, in particular all year round, can be achieved economically.

• - bei dem mittels Sonnenlicht über wenigstens eine Photovoltaikanlage Strom erzeugt wird,
• - bei dem mittels des in der Photovoltaikanlage erzeugten Stroms in einem Elektrolyseur Wasser in molekularen Wasserstoff und Sauerstoff gespalten wird,
• - bei dem mittels dem molekulare Wasserstoff und Kohlendioxid in einem Synthetiseur Methanol erzeugt wird,
• - bei dem das erzeugte Methanol in einem Methanol-Tank zwischengespeichert wird,
• - bei dem das zwischengespeicherte Methanol in einem Strom- und Wärmegenerator unter Abgabe von Strom und Wärme oxidiert wird und
• - bei dem das wenigstens eine Gebäude und/oder die wenigstens eine industrielle Anlage mit in dem Strom- und Wärmegenerator erzeugten Strom und Wärme versorgt wird.

This object is achieved according to claim 1 by a method for supplying electricity and heat to at least one building and / or at least one industrial plant,

• - in which electricity is generated using sunlight via at least one photovoltaic system,
• - in which water is split into molecular hydrogen and oxygen in an electrolyzer using the electricity generated in the photovoltaic system,
• - in which methanol is produced in a synthesizer using molecular hydrogen and carbon dioxide,
• - in which the methanol produced is temporarily stored in a methanol tank,
• - in which the temporarily stored methanol is oxidized in an electricity and heat generator to release electricity and heat and
• - in which the at least one building and/or the at least one industrial facility is supplied with electricity and heat generated in the electricity and heat generator.

The stated object is also achieved according to claim 11 by a system for supplying electricity and heat to at least one building and / or at least one industrial system for carrying out the method according to one of claims 1 to 10, with a photovoltaic system for generating electricity using sunlight, with an electrolyzer for producing molecular hydrogen using the electricity generated in the photovoltaic system, with a synthesizer for producing methanol using the molecular hydrogen, with a methanol tank for temporarily storing the methanol and with a power and heat generator for oxidizing the temporarily stored methanol and to supply the at least one building and/or the at least one industrial facility with electricity and heat.

According to the method, it is therefore provided that sunlight is first absorbed by a photovoltaic system and converted into electricity by the photovoltaic system in a known manner. The electricity obtained in this way is then used to split water, which is also provided in a known manner, into molecular hydrogen and molecular oxygen with the help of an electrolyzer. Electrolysis is also generally referred to. The molecular oxygen can be released into the environment if there is no use for the oxygen. However, the molecular hydrogen is delivered to a synthesizer. Carbon dioxide is also supplied to the synthesizer in order to convert the carbon dioxide and the mole cular hydrogen methanol (CH ₃ OH), approximately according to the following system of equations: _H2 + _CO2 -> CO + _H2O 2 H ₂ + CO -> CH ₃ OH

The synthesis of methanol in the synthesizer can take place in several process steps. First, the carbon dioxide is catalytically converted into water and carbon monoxide using molecular hydrogen. The carbon monoxide can in turn be catalytically converted into methanol with molecular hydrogen, which is also referred to as synthesis gas when a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen is used. This is preferably done under increased pressure and increased temperature. The methanol is then typically condensed so that the methanol can easily be temporarily stored and/or used in the electricity and heat generator. The electricity and heat generator is also one that can be used to generate both electricity and heat.

The methanol obtained in this way is temporarily stored in a methanol tank and, as required, passed on from the methanol tank to an electricity and heat generator, in which the methanol is oxidized to release electricity and heat. The electricity and heat generated can then be used to supply the at least one building and/or the at least one industrial facility. The supply will be particularly heat-driven. So much methanol is oxidized to provide the required heat. Additional electricity requirements can be covered directly from the electricity generated by the photovoltaic system, provided that the solar radiation on the photovoltaic system is sufficient. Otherwise, the power and heat generator will generate as much power as is needed, even if it produces more heat than is requested.

According to the device, a photovoltaic system is provided that can capture sunlight and convert it into electricity. The electricity thus generated can then be delivered via an electrical line to an electrolyzer, which is connected to a water source to supply water to the electrolyzer for splitting into molecular hydrogen and molecular oxygen. The molecular hydrogen can be fed to the synthesizer via a line between the electrolyzer and a synthesizer. If necessary, the molecular hydrogen can also be temporarily stored in a hydrogen storage in order to be able to operate the synthesizer efficiently and supply it with hydrogen. In the synthesizer, methanol can be produced from the molecular hydrogen using additional carbon dioxide. The synthesizer may be provided with a carbon dioxide supply, which in turn may be connected to a carbon dioxide source. The synthesizer is also connected via a methanol line to a methanol tank in which the methanol produced can be temporarily stored until it is needed to supply the at least one building and/or the at least one industrial facility with electricity and/or heat. The methanol tank is connected via the methanol line to a power and heat generator in which the methanol can be oxidized. Heat and electricity are released so that the electricity and heat can be delivered to the building and/or the industrial system to supply electricity and heat to the at least one building and/or the at least one industrial system. For this purpose, the building and/or the industrial facility can be connected to the power and heat generator with an electrical line and a line for a heat transfer medium.

The previously described method and the previously described system have the advantage that at times when the sun shines intensively, sufficient electricity can be produced to power the at least one building and/or the at least one industrial plant even at times when the The sun is not shining or is covered by clouds to provide sufficient electricity and heat. The electricity generated is then sufficient to produce and store such large quantities of methanol that a power and heat supply to the building and/or the industrial facility can be ensured regardless of when electricity can be generated with the photovoltaic system. Even seasonal differences in the generation of electricity from sunlight can be compensated for by temporarily storing sufficient amounts of methanol. Ultimately, if necessary, self-sufficient operation of the at least one building and/or the at least one industrial facility can be ensured, preferably all year round.

If the building and/or the industrial facility provides sufficient space for setting up a photovoltaic system, for example on the roof of the building and/or the industrial facility and/or on other areas, an additional supply of electricity and heat may be unnecessary. The system can then even deliver electricity and/or heat to supply other external users, for example into a power grid and/or a local or district heating network. Alternatively or additionally, it is also conceivable that in summer months when there is no demand for heat from the building and/or the industrial facility, the electricity requirement, especially during the day, can be more or less completely covered by the photovoltaic system. The power and heat generator can then not be operated for economic reasons. However, in the event of generating sufficient amounts of excess electricity, the electrolyzer and synthesizer may be operated to produce and store methanol for periods of lower solar radiation and/or higher electricity and/or heat demand. Due to the complexity of the system and the power requirement, the system and the method can be operated economically, particularly for larger buildings or many smaller buildings and/or for a large industrial system or many smaller industrial systems. This applies in particular if the at least one building and/or the at least one industrial facility has a high demand for electricity and/or heat.

In a first particularly preferred embodiment of the method, at least part of the current electricity requirement of the at least one building and/or the at least one industrial system is covered by the electricity currently generated by the photovoltaic system. This is particularly efficient. If no heat is needed, the power and heat generator does not need to be operated. When heat is required, the power and heat generator only needs to operate at a level to provide the required amount of heat. If the electricity generated by the electricity and heat generator is not sufficient to cover the electricity requirements of the at least one building and/or the at least one industrial system, this can advantageously be covered, if possible, by the electricity generated by the photovoltaic system. The at least one building and/or the at least one industrial system is therefore preferably electrically connected to both the power and heat generator and to the photovoltaic system. However, if at a certain point in time the photovoltaic system does not provide enough electricity to cover the additional electricity requirements of the building and/or the industrial facility, the electricity and heat generator can additionally oxidize methanol in order to provide a sufficient amount of electricity, even if the The amount of heat generated cannot be used or released by the building, the industrial facility and/or elsewhere.

Alternatively or additionally, it is also preferred if at least part of the current heat requirement of the at least one building and/or the at least one industrial facility is covered by the heat currently generated by the electricity and heat generator. The system not only takes into account the electricity requirement, but the system can also be used to at least partially cover the heat requirement of the at least one building and/or the at least one industrial system. With regard to self-sufficient operation, it can be particularly preferred if the heat requirement is completely covered by the electricity and heat generator. However, it is also conceivable that part of the heat requirement is covered by other sources, especially if this additional heat is provided cost-effectively.

For example, if more electricity is generated by means of the power and heat generator to supply heat to the at least one building and/or the at least one industrial facility than is required by the building or the industrial facility, it may be advisable if at least part of the Currently, electricity generated by means of the electricity and heat generator for supplying heat to the at least one building and/or the at least one industrial facility is generated in which at least one electrolyzer produces molecular hydrogen and/or the synthesizer produces methanol. The excess electricity can then be used and at least partially stored in the form of methanol.

Alternatively or additionally, at least part of the electricity currently generated by the electricity and heat generator for supplying heat to the at least one building and/or the at least one industrial facility can be used to supply the at least one building and/or the at least one industrial facility with electricity. The electricity generated in parallel during heat generation is then expediently also used by the at least one building and/or by the at least one industrial plant.

In order to be able to operate the at least one building and/or the at least one industrial facility as self-sufficiently as possible all year round, it is advisable if the methanol produced in the summer months is at least partially, in particular predominantly, i.e. to a larger extent, until the winter months at least one methanol tank is temporarily stored. Then the summer months tend to be the months in which methanol is stored, while the winter months tend to be the months in which the methanol in the electricity and heat generator is used to supply electricity and heat to the at least one building and / or the at least one industrial facility is used.

With regard to efficient operation of the at least one building and/or the at least one industrial facility, it is an alternative or additional option if, in particular in the Winter months in which the electricity and heat generator methanol is oxidized to supply heat to the at least one building and/or the at least one industrial facility. The heat requirement is then fundamentally the leading variable. In other words, the process and the system are operated heat-driven. The excess electricity generated can then be used for other purposes, for example to produce methanol. The excess electricity is then at least partially fed to the at least one electrolyzer for producing molecular hydrogen and/or the synthesizer for producing methanol. However, this does not exclude the possibility that the method is temporarily operated in a power-driven manner in order to provide the required amount of electricity, even if the amount of heat generated is not required by the at least one building and/or by the at least one industrial facility.

For a power and heat supply to the at least one building and/or the at least one industrial plant that is as carbon dioxide-neutral as possible, it is advisable to at least partially feed the carbon dioxide generated during the oxidation of the methanol in the at least one power and heat generator to the synthesizer for producing methanol. The carbon dioxide can be recycled and reused. This is useful, but fundamentally does not change the carbon dioxide balance. In any case, carbon dioxide is extracted from another source, if necessary and primarily from the environment, for methanol synthesis.

Alternatively or additionally, the water generated during the oxidation of the methanol in the at least one power and heat generator can be at least partially fed to the electrolyzer for producing molecular hydrogen. When the methanol oxidizes in the electricity and heat generator, water is formed. This can be released either in liquid or vapor form or it can be returned to the electrolyzer to form new methanol using the water. When methanol is synthesized in the synthesizer, water is also formed, which can be returned to the electrolyzer to produce molecular hydrogen as an alternative or in addition to the water from the electricity and heat generator.

A suitable power and heat generator is one that includes at least one combined heat and power plant (CHP) or at least one boiler. Combined heat and power plants can be used very efficiently to provide electricity and heat. Boilers can be used to generate heat and steam, whereby the steam can be used at least partially to generate electricity with the help of a turbine and a generator connected to it. The electricity and heat generator can in principle also additionally or alternatively comprise a direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC), by means of which electricity and heat can be generated with high levels of efficiency. However, other electricity and heat generators or supply devices also come into question.

For reasons of efficiency, an electrochemical electrolyzer which has a stack of electrochemical cells can be used as the electrolyzer. The cells of the stack each comprise two electrodes and a separator that semi-permeably separates the electrodes from one another. The stacks can be stacked to form the stack. A subset of molecular hydrogen is then formed in each cell, which can then be collected and sent to at least one synthesizer. Electrochemical electrolysers have proven to be particularly effective in this context, in which the electrodes of the cells are separated from each other via separators in the form of electron exchange membranes (Proton Exchange Membrane - PEM). In this context, we also refer to PEM electrolyzers for short.

In order to provide water cheaply and in a resource-saving manner for the production of molecular hydrogen in the electrolyzer, rainwater, in particular from the roof of at least one building and/or the industrial facility, can be collected in a rainwater tank. Water can then be taken from the rainwater tank as required for hydrogen production. This can be done as an alternative or in addition to returning water from the electricity and heat generator and/or the synthesizer, if necessary via the rainwater tank. Well water, surface water and/or fresh water can also be used as water. It may be necessary to purify the water before use.

In a first particularly preferred embodiment of the system, the at least one synthesizer is connected to a methanol line with a methanol tank for temporarily storing the methanol. In addition, the methanol tank can be connected to the power and heat generator with a methanol line so that the power and heat generator can be supplied with methanol as required. The power and heat generator can then always provide the desired amount of heat and/or amount of electricity. In addition, depending on the excess electricity currently provided by the photovoltaic system, methanol can be produced using an electrolyzer and synthesizer become. The production and use of methanol can easily be decoupled in time.

Alternatively or additionally, the power and heat generator can be connected to the synthesizer via a carbon dioxide line. In principle, it is conceivable that ambient air and/or exhaust gas from the electricity and heat generator, which contains a certain proportion of carbon dioxide, is supplied via the carbon dioxide line. However, it can be more efficient if carbon dioxide from a carbon dioxide source is supplied in enriched form via the carbon dioxide line. The carbon dioxide can preferably be supplied almost pure and/or kept ready in a carbon dioxide storage, for example in the form of a gas tank. It can be particularly useful if the carbon dioxide is separated from an industrial process in which the carbon dioxide is produced in large quantities and in high concentrations. This can be the case, for example, when operating the electricity and heat generator, in which methanol is oxidized to carbon dioxide and water. The carbon dioxide can then be at least partially circulated in the system to supply electricity and heat.

In addition, the electrolyzer can be connected to the power and heat generator and/or the synthesizer via a water line. Then the water produced in the electricity and heat generator and/or the synthesizer can be returned to the electrolyzer. In order to be able to operate the electrolyzer more independently of the electricity and heat generator and/or the synthesizer, it is advisable if the water can be temporarily stored in a water reservoir in the water pipe. In order to use the water from the electricity and heat generator and for efficient operation of the process, it can be particularly useful if the electricity and heat generator includes a boiler, a combined heat and power plant or a direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC). For the same reason, it may be an alternative or additional option if the electrolyzer is an electrochemical electrolyzer, for example a PEM electrolyzer.

In order to reduce line losses and to be able to provide a compact system for supplying electricity and heat, it is alternatively or additionally advisable if the photovoltaic system for generating electricity for the electrolyzer is mounted on the at least one building and/or the at least one industrial system , particularly on the roof and/or other (auxiliary) areas of the building and/or the industrial facility. This area can be used efficiently and electricity must be routed over long distances or an external power grid can be avoided.

It can also be conducive to self-sufficient operation of the system if the electrolyzer is connected to a rainwater tank for storing rainwater, for example from the roof, of at least one building and/or the industrial system. The rainwater can therefore be collected locally and used locally. A supply via an external water pipe or the use of tap water is then not absolutely necessary. Well water doesn't necessarily have to be used either.

• 1 die erfindungsgemäße Anlage und das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren zur Strom- und Wärmeversorgung eines Gebäudes und/oder einer industriellen Anlage in einer schematischen Fließbilddarstellung und
• 2 ein zusätzliches Detail der Anlage und des Verfahrens aus 1 in einer schematischen Fließbilddarstellung.

The invention is explained in more detail below using a drawing that only shows an exemplary embodiment. Shown in the drawing

• 1 the system according to the invention and the method according to the invention for supplying electricity and heat to a building and/or an industrial system in a schematic flow diagram representation and
• 2 an additional detail of the system and the procedure 1 in a schematic flow diagram representation.

In the 1 A system 1 and a method for supplying electricity and heat to a building G and/or an industrial system A are shown. In the system 1 shown and preferred in this respect, a photovoltaic system PV is installed on the roof 2 of the building G or the industrial system A to be supplied with electricity and heat, which produces electricity 4 when there is sufficient solar radiation 3. This electricity 4 can be delivered directly to the building 2 and/or the industrial facility for power supply. The current 4 can also be used at least partially to operate an electrolyzer E. With the help of the current 4 generated in this way, a synthesizer S can alternatively or additionally be supplied with current 4, even if this is not shown in detail for the sake of clarity.

In addition to the stream 4, the electrolyzer E is also supplied with water (H ₂ O), which is split into molecular hydrogen (H ₂ ) and molecular oxygen (O ₂ ) in the electrolyzer E. The molecular hydrogen (H ₂ ) can be temporarily stored, but is preferably delivered more or less directly to the synthesizer S, to which carbon dioxide (CO ₂ ) is also supplied. Methanol (CH _{3 OH} ) and water (H ₂ O) are formed from the hydrogen (H 2 ) and carbon dioxide (CO ₂ ) in the synthesizer S, with the methanol (CH ₃ OH) in turn being produced in an electricity and heat generator V can be oxidized, i.e. burned if necessary. In the current and Heat generator V generates electricity 4 on the one hand and heat Q on the other. If necessary, the heat Q and the electricity 4 can be used to supply the building G and/or the industrial facility A. In phases in which more electricity is generated than required by the electricity and heat generator V to cover the heat requirements in the building G and/or the industrial plant A, this excess electricity 4 can be delivered to the electrolyzer E and/or the synthesizer S to produce 4 molecular hydrogen (H ₂ ) and/or methanol (CH ₃ OH) with the excess electricity.

The molecular oxygen (O ₂ ) produced in the electrolyzer E in addition to the molecular hydrogen (H ₂ ) can either be released into the environment or, as shown, delivered to the electricity and heat generator V for oxidation to increase efficiency. For example, ambient air with a high proportion of inert nitrogen (N ₂ ) does not then have to be supplied to the electricity and heat generator V. At the same time, if necessary, the carbon dioxide (CO ₂ ) released during oxidation in the supply V can be passed into the synthesizer S. The exhaust gas 5 of the electricity and heat generator V can be processed beforehand in order to clean the exhaust gas 5 or to at least partially separate the carbon dioxide (CO ₂ ) from other components of the exhaust gas 5, so that the concentration of carbon dioxide (CO ₂ ) in the processed exhaust gas 5 can be increased. The exhaust gas 5 of the electricity and heat generator V is suitable as a source of carbon dioxide in that the concentration of carbon dioxide (CO ₂ ) in the exhaust gas 5 will in many cases be significantly higher than in the ambient air, in which the concentration of carbon dioxide (CO ₂ ) is very low. The water (H ₂ O) produced in the electricity and heat generator V and/or the synthesizer S is, if necessary, returned to the electrolyzer E in order to be split again into molecular hydrogen (H ₂ ) and molecular oxygen (O ₂ ).

In the illustrated and preferred system 1 for electricity and heat supply, a combined heat and power plant (CHP) is provided as the electricity and heat generator V. In addition, the electrolyzer E can be a PEM electrolyzer E with polymer exchange membranes.

In the 2 Further details of the process and Appendix 1 are shown, which are shown in the for the sake of clarity 1 have remained unconsidered. These details are particularly concerned with a temporal decoupling of individual process steps and system parts. It is also about the water supply for the process and the system 1. The water (H ₂ O) falling on the roof 2 of the building G and/or the industrial system A as rainwater can be collected and stored in a (rain) water tank 6 be stored before the rainwater (H ₂ O) is used in the electrolyzer E. If necessary, the (rain) water tank 6 can also be fed from water (H ₂ O) formed in the electricity and heat generator V and/or in the synthesizer S. The production of methanol (CH ₃ OH) is independent of current amounts of precipitation, so that methanol (CH ₃ OH) can be produced in times when a lot of electricity 4 is produced with the photovoltaic system PV. However, it typically does not rain at the same time during these times. If the collected rainwater is not sufficient to cover the water requirements of system 1, well water, surface water, fresh water and/or tap water can also be supplied.

The molecular oxygen (O ₂ ) generated in the electrolyzer E can also initially be stored in an oxygen storage 7 until the oxygen (O ₂ ) is required for oxidation in the power and heat generator V. The supply of building G and/or industrial plant A can therefore be decoupled from the production of methanol (CH ₃ OH). In many cases, the heat and/or electricity requirements of building G and/or industrial facility A will not be present at the same time as there is strong solar radiation 3 on the photovoltaic system PV. Likewise, the oxidation of methanol (CH ₃ OH) can produce exhaust gas 5 rich in carbon dioxide without the photovoltaic system PV producing any significant electricity 4 at the same time. The carbon dioxide (CO ₂ ) can then be stored in a carbon dioxide storage 8 until significant amounts of molecular hydrogen (H ₂ ) are formed via the electrolyzer E, which then, together with the stored carbon dioxide (CO ₂ ), produces methanol (CH ₃ OH) can be implemented. The methanol (CH ₃ OH) is also temporarily stored in a methanol tank 9 because there is a high demand for heat in the winter months and only a small amount of electricity 4 is generated via the photovoltaic system PV. Methanol (CH ₃ OH) produced in the summer months can then be oxidized to supply electricity and heat to building G and/or industrial plant A in order to meet building G's and/or industrial plant A's needs for electricity 4 and heat Q to be able to cover in the winter months.

Reference symbol list

1

Attachment

2

Roof

3

Sunlight

4

Electricity

5

exhaust

6

Regular water tank

7

Oxygen storage

8th

Carbon dioxide storage

9

Methanol tank

A

industrial facility

E

Electrolyzer

G

Building

PV

Photovoltaic system

Q

warmth

S

synthesizer

v

Electricity and heat generator

Claims (15)

Method for supplying electricity and heat to at least one building (G) and/or at least one industrial plant (A), - in which electricity (4) is generated using sunlight via at least one photovoltaic system (PV), - in which using the in the Photovoltaic system (PV) generated electricity (4) in an electrolyzer (E) water is split into molecular hydrogen (H ₂ ) and oxygen (O ₂ ), - in which using molecular hydrogen (H ₂ ) and carbon dioxide (CO ₂ ) in one Synthesizer (S) methanol (CH ₃ OH) is produced, - in which the methanol (CH ₃ OH) produced is temporarily stored in a methanol tank (9), - in which the temporarily stored methanol (CH ₃ OH) is stored in a stream and heat generator (V) is oxidized with the release of electricity (4) and heat (Q) and - in which the at least one building (G) and / or the at least one industrial plant (A) is included in the electricity and heat generator (V ) generated electricity (4) and heat (Q) is supplied. Procedure according to Claim 1 , - in which at least part of the current electricity requirement of the at least one building (G) and / or the at least one industrial system (A) is covered by the electricity (4) currently generated by the photovoltaic system (PV). Procedure according to Claim 1 or 2 , in which at least part of the current heat requirement of the at least one building (G) and / or the at least one industrial plant (A) is covered by the heat (Q) currently generated by the electricity and heat generator (V). Procedure according to one of the Claims 1 until 3 , - in which with at least part of the electricity (4) currently generated by the electricity and heat generator (V) for supplying heat to the at least one building (G) and / or the at least one industrial plant (A) in the at least one electrolyzer ( E) molecular hydrogen (H ₂ ) and/or methanol (CH ₃ OH) is produced in at least one synthesizer (S) and/or - in which at least part of the current is used to supply heat by means of the electricity and heat generator (V). at least one building (G) and/or the at least one industrial facility (A) is supplied with electricity (4). Procedure according to one of the Claims 1 until 4 , - in which the methanol (CH ₃ OH) produced in the summer months is at least partially, in particular predominantly stored in the methanol tank (9) until the winter months. Procedure according to one of the Claims 1 until 5 , - in which, especially in the winter months, methanol (CH ₃ OH) is oxidized in the electricity and heat generator (V) to supply heat to the at least one building (G) and / or the at least one industrial plant (A) and - at to which, preferably, the electricity (4) generated to supply heat to the at least one building (G) and/or the at least one industrial plant (A), in particular in the winter months, at least partially to the at least one electrolyzer (E) for producing molecular hydrogen ( H ₂ ) and/or to the at least one synthesizer (S) for producing methanol (CH ₃ OH). Procedure according to one of the Claims 1 until 6 , - in which the carbon dioxide (CO ₂ ) generated during the oxidation of the methanol (CH ₃ OH) in the at least one power and heat generator (V) is at least partially fed to the synthesizer (S) to produce methanol (CH ₃ OH) and /or - in which the water (H 2 O) produced during the oxidation of the methanol (CH ₃ OH) in the at least one power and heat generator (V) and/or in the synthesizer (S) is at least partially sent to the _electrolyzer (E) for production of molecular hydrogen (H ₂ ) is supplied. Procedure according to one of the Claims 1 until 7 , - in which a power and heat generator (V) comprising at least one combined heat and power plant (CHP), a direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) or a boiler is used as the power and heat generator (V). Procedure according to one of the Claims 1 until 8th , - in which the electrolyzer (E) is an electrochemical electrolyzer (E) comprising a stack electrochemical cells each with two electrodes and a separator that semi-permeably separates the electrodes from each other and - in which an electrolyzer with electron exchange membranes (Proton Exchange Membrane - PEM) is used as separators as the electrochemical electrolyzer (E). Procedure according to one of the Claims 1 until 9 , - in which rainwater, in particular from the roof (2) of the at least one building (G) and / or the industrial plant (A), is collected in a rainwater tank (6) and the collected rainwater (H ₂ O) is sent to the electrolyzer ( E) is supplied for the production of molecular hydrogen (H ₂ ) and/or - in which well water, surface water, fresh water and/or tap water is supplied to the electrolyzer (E) for the production of molecular hydrogen (H ₂ ). Plant (1) for supplying electricity and heat to at least one building (G) and/or at least one industrial plant (A) for carrying out the method according to one of Claims 1 until 10 , with a photovoltaic system (PV) for generating electricity (4) using sunlight, with an electrolyzer (E) for generating molecular hydrogen (H ₂ ) using the electricity (4) generated in the photovoltaic system (PV), in which a synthesizer (S) for producing methanol (CH ₃ OH) using molecular hydrogen (H ₂ ), with a methanol tank (9) for temporarily storing the methanol (CH ₃ OH) and with a power and heat generator (V) for oxidation of the temporarily stored methanol (CH ₃ OH) and to supply the at least one building (G) and/or the at least one industrial facility (A) with electricity (4) and heat (Q). Plant according to Claim 11 , characterized in that the synthesizer (S) with a methanol line with a methanol tank (9) for temporarily storing the methanol (CH ₃ OH) and the methanol tank (9) with a methanol line with the power and Heat generator (V) is connected and / or that the electricity and heat generator (V) is connected to the synthesizer (S) via a carbon dioxide line, and preferably a carbon dioxide storage (8). Plant according to Claim 11 or 12 , characterized in that the electricity and heat generator (V) and / or the synthesizer (S) is connected to the electrolyzer (E) via a water line, and preferably a water storage (6), and / or that the Electricity and heat generator (V) comprises a boiler, a combined heat and power plant (CHP) or a direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) and / or that the electrolyzer (E) is an electrochemical electrolyzer (E), in particular a PEM electrolyzer. Plant according to one of the Claims 11 until 13 , characterized in that the photovoltaic system (PV) is mounted on the at least one building (G) and/or on the at least one industrial facility (A) and/or that the electrolyzer (E) is equipped with a rainwater tank (9). Storing the rainwater (H ₂ O) from the roof of the at least one building (G) and / or the industrial facility (A) is connected. Plant according to one of the Claims 11 until 14 , characterized in that the electrolyzer (E) is connected to a source of well water, surface water, fresh water and / or tap water.

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