DE102022111700A1 - Mounting system for mounting photovoltaic modules on roofs - Google Patents

Abstract

A mounting system for mounting photovoltaic modules on roofs, in particular on flat roofs, is described, with floor rails to be arranged above the roof, and module supports mounted on the floor rails, to which the photovoltaic modules can be attached. The mounting system described is characterized, among other things, by the fact that the module supports include module clamps that can be connected to the photovoltaic modules as well as clamp supports connected to the floor rails and the module clamps, which are connected to one another in such a way that the module clamps are in relation to the clamp supports and/or the clamp supports are in relation can be pivoted to the floor rails. These and various other special features make it possible to quickly and easily adapt the assembly system to the prevailing conditions.

Description

The present invention relates to a device according to the preamble of claims 1 to 7, that is to say a mounting system for mounting photovoltaic modules on roofs, in particular on flat roofs.

As is well known, photovoltaic modules convert the sun's light directly into electrical energy. They are generally rectangular-shaped panels often mounted on the roofs of buildings.

• - direkt auf dem Dach oder einer darauf aufgelegten Schutzmatte anzuordnende Bodenschienen, die meistens durch Hohlkammerprofile aus Aluminium gebildet werden,
• - auf den Bodenschienen montierbare Stützelemente, an welchen die Photovoltaikmodule und/oder sonstige Photovoltaikanlagen-Komponenten anbringbar sind, und
• - Befestigungsvorrichtungen, beispielsweise in Form von Klemmen, zur Befestigung der Photovoltaikmodule und/oder sonstiger Photovoltaikanlagen-Komponenten an den Stützelementen.

Known mounting systems for mounting photovoltaic modules on roofs include:

• - floor rails to be placed directly on the roof or a protective mat placed on it, which are usually formed by hollow chamber profiles made of aluminum,
• - Support elements that can be mounted on the floor rails, to which the photovoltaic modules and/or other photovoltaic system components can be attached, and
• - Fastening devices, for example in the form of clamps, for fastening the photovoltaic modules and/or other photovoltaic system components to the support elements.

If necessary, cross struts, cable ducts, windshields, ballast stones, fiber trays, etc. running transversely to the floor rails can also be provided.

At least on flat roofs, support elements of different heights are preferably used, so that the photovoltaic modules attached to them can be tilted relative to the horizontal as desired and thus better aligned with the sun.

In the present case, flat roofs are understood to mean roofs that have no or only a very small roof inclination, for example a roof inclination of up to 10°.

A key aspect of a mounting system for photovoltaic systems is how the individual mounting system components and the photovoltaic modules to be attached to them are to be connected to one another. For understandable reasons, the elements to be connected to one another must be able to be connected to one another as simply, quickly and safely as possible in their intended relative position. It would also be desirable if the assembly system could be individually adapted to the prevailing conditions with little effort.

These requirements are not met, or at least not fully satisfactorily met, by the known assembly systems.

The present invention is therefore based on the object of developing the mounting system according to the preamble of claims 1 to 7 in such a way that the mounting system components to be connected to one another and the photovoltaic modules to be attached to them can be connected to one another quickly and safely in their intended relative position, and at the same time with little Individual adjustments to the prevailing conditions are possible.

This object is achieved according to the invention by the assembly systems claimed in claims 1 to 7.

Advantageous developments of the invention can be found in the following description and the figures.

• 1 eine perspektivische Ansicht einer Photovoltaikanlage mit einem im Folgenden näher beschriebenen Montagesystem,
• 2 eine Draufsicht auf die in der 1 gezeigte Photovoltaikanlage,
• 3 eine Seitenansicht der in den 1 und 2 gezeigten Photovoltaikanlage,
• 4 eine perspektivische Ansicht eines einen Teil einer Bodenschiene des Montagesystems bildenden Bodenschienenelements,
• 5 eine perspektivische Ansicht eines kürzeren Bodenschienenelements gemäß 4,
• 6 eine perspektivische Ansicht eines ebenfalls einen Teil der Bodenschiene bildenden weiteren Bodenschienenelements,
• 7 eine perspektivische Ansicht eines kürzeren Bodenschienenelements gemäß 6,
• 8 eine erste Seitenansicht eines in 10 perspektivisch dargestellten Bodenschienen-Abschnitts,
• 9 eine zweite Seitenansicht des in der 10 perspektivisch dargestellten Bodenschienen-Abschnitts,
• 10 eine perspektivische Ansicht des in den 8 und 9 in verschiedenen Seitenansichten gezeigten Bodenschienen-Abschnitts,
• 11 eine vergrößerte Darstellung eines Teils der 3, genauer gesagt eines benachbarte hohe Modulauflagen umfassenden Teils der Photovoltaikanlage,
• 12 eine vergrößerte Ansicht eines anderen Teils der 3, genauer gesagt eines benachbarte niedrige Modulauflagen umfassenden Teils der Photovoltaikanlage,
• 13 eine der 3 entsprechende Ansicht der Photovoltaikanlage, bei welcher die in den 6 und 7 gezeigten ersten Bodenschienenelemente und die in den 4 und 5 gezeigten zweiten Bodenschienenelemente in einer ersten vorbestimmten Relativlage miteinander verbunden sind,
• 14 eine Draufsicht auf einen Teil der Bodenschiene, zur Veranschaulichung der Relativlage zweier benachbarter Bodenschienenelemente bei dem in der 13 vorgenommenen Zusammenbau derselben,
• 15 eine vergrößerte Darstellung eines Teils der 13, zur Verdeutlichung der Neigung einer der hohen Modulauflagen in Bezug zur Bodenschiene bei der in der 13 gezeigten Anordnung,
• 16 eine der 3 entsprechende Ansicht der Photovoltaikanlage, bei welcher die in den 6 und 7 gezeigten ersten Bodenschienenelemente und die in den 4 und 5 gezeigten zweiten Bodenschienenelemente in einer zweiten vorbestimmten Relativlage miteinander verbunden sind,
• 17 eine Draufsicht auf einen Teil der Bodenschiene, zur Veranschaulichung der Relativlage zweier benachbarter Bodenschienenelemente bei dem in der 16 vorgenommenen Zusammenbau derselben,
• 18 eine vergrößerte Darstellung eines Teils der 16, zur Verdeutlichung der Neigung einer der hohen Modulauflagen in Bezug zur Bodenschiene bei der in der 16 gezeigten Anordnung,
• 19 eine der 3 entsprechende Ansicht der Photovoltaikanlage, bei welcher die in den 6 und 7 gezeigten ersten Bodenschienenelemente und die in den 4 und 5 gezeigten zweiten Bodenschienenelemente in einer zweiten vorbestimmten Relativlage miteinander verbunden sind,
• 20 eine Draufsicht auf einen Teil der Bodenschiene, zur Veranschaulichung der Relativlage zweier benachbarter Bodenschienenelemente bei dem in der 19 vorgenommenen Zusammenbau derselben,
• 21 eine vergrößerte Darstellung eines Teils der 19, zur Verdeutlichung der Neigung einer der hohen Modulauflagen in Bezug zur Bodenschiene bei der in der 19 gezeigten Anordnung,
• 22 eine Explosionsdarstellung eines zweiten Bodenschienenelements gemäß 4 und der daran anzubringenden hohen Modulauflagen,
• 23 eine perspektivische Ansicht der in der 23 gezeigten Elemente im miteinander verbundenen Zustand,
• 24 die in der 23 gezeigte Anordnung in einem Zustand, in welchem die hohen Modulauflagen bis zum Anschlag nach unten geschwenkt sind,
• 25 eine Explosionsdarstellung der in der 23 gezeigten Anordnung und der daran anzubringenden Modulklemmen,
• 26 eine perspektivische Ansicht der im 25 gezeigten Elemente im miteinander verbundenen Zustand,
• 27 eine der 26 entsprechende perspektivische Ansicht, bei welcher jedoch an den hohen Modulauflagen nicht nur jeweils eine Modulklemme sondern zwei nebeneinander liegende Modulklemmen angebracht sind,
• 28 eine perspektivische Ansicht eines zur Montage einer niedrigen Modulauflage bestimmten Bereiches eines ersten Bodenschienenelements gemäß den 6 und 7,
• 29 das Bodenschienenelement gemäß 28 mit einer darauf zu montierenden niedrigen Modulauflage,
• 30 die Anordnung gemäß 29 in einem Zustand, in welchem die niedrige Modulauflage auf das Bodenschienenelement aufgesetzt wurde,
• 31 die Anordnung gemäß 30 in einem Zustand, in welchem die niedrige Modulauflage in Längsrichtung des Bodenschienenelements bis zum Erreichen der bestimmungsgemäßen Endlage und Verrasten in dieser Position verschoben wurde,
• 32 eine Explosionsdarstellung einer niedrigen Modulauflage und einer daran anzubringenden Modulklemme,
• 33 eine Explosionsdarstellung einer niedrigen Modulauflage und zwei daran anzubringenden Modulklemmen,
• 34 eine Seitenansicht einer Anordnung, bei welcher eine niedrige Modulauflage mit daran angebrachter Modulklemme auf einem Bodenschienenelement montiert ist, und ein Photovoltaikmodul auf die nach hinten geklappte Modulklemme gestellt ist,
• 35 die in der 34 gezeigte Anordnung in einem Zustand, in welchem die Modulklemme am Photovoltaikmodul festgeklemmt ist,
• 36 die in der 35 gezeigte Anordnung in einem Zustand, in welchem die Modulklemme zusammen mit dem festgeklemmten Photovoltaikmodul nach vorne geschwenkt ist,
• 37 eine perspektivische Ansicht eines zwischen den Bodenschienen und dem Boden zu liegen kommenden Auflagetellers,
• 38 eine Seitenansicht einer Anordnung, bei welcher der Auflageteller zusätzlich als Auflage für einen Ballaststein verwendet wird,
• 39 eine perspektivische Ansicht einer Anordnung, bei welcher ein Ballaststein auf zwei quer zu den Bodenschienen verlaufenden, an den hohen Modulauflagen befestigten Querschienen aufliegt, und
• 40 eine perspektivische Ansicht einer Anordnung, bei welcher ein Ballaststein auf zwei quer zu den Bodenschienen verlaufenden, an den Bodenschienen befestigten Querschienen aufliegt.

The invention is explained in more detail below using exemplary embodiments with reference to the figures. Show it

• 1 a perspective view of a photovoltaic system with a mounting system described in more detail below,
• 2 a top view of the in the 1 photovoltaic system shown,
• 3 a side view of the in the 1 and 2 photovoltaic system shown,
• 4 a perspective view of a floor rail element forming part of a floor rail of the mounting system,
• 5 a perspective view of a shorter floor rail element according to 4 ,
• 6 a perspective view of a further floor rail element which also forms part of the floor rail,
• 7 a perspective view of a shorter floor rail element according to 6 ,
• 8th a first side view of an in 10 bottom rail section shown in perspective,
• 9 a second side view of the in the 10 bottom rail section shown in perspective,
• 10 a perspective view of the in the 8th and 9 floor rail section shown in various side views,
• 11 an enlarged view of part of the 3 , more precisely a neighboring one high module requirements for a comprehensive part of the photovoltaic system,
• 12 an enlarged view of another part of the 3 , more precisely a part of the photovoltaic system comprising adjacent low module requirements,
• 13 one of the 3 corresponding view of the photovoltaic system, in which the in the 6 and 7 first floor rail elements shown and those in the 4 and 5 second floor rail elements shown are connected to one another in a first predetermined relative position,
• 14 a top view of a part of the floor rail, to illustrate the relative position of two adjacent floor rail elements in the 13 assembly of the same,
• 15 an enlarged view of part of the 13 , to illustrate the inclination of one of the high module supports in relation to the floor rail in the 13 arrangement shown,
• 16 one of the 3 corresponding view of the photovoltaic system, in which the in the 6 and 7 first floor rail elements shown and those in the 4 and 5 second floor rail elements shown are connected to one another in a second predetermined relative position,
• 17 a top view of a part of the floor rail, to illustrate the relative position of two adjacent floor rail elements in the 16 assembly of the same,
• 18 an enlarged view of part of the 16 , to illustrate the inclination of one of the high module supports in relation to the floor rail in the 16 arrangement shown,
• 19 one of the 3 corresponding view of the photovoltaic system, in which the in the 6 and 7 first floor rail elements shown and those in the 4 and 5 second floor rail elements shown are connected to one another in a second predetermined relative position,
• 20 a top view of a part of the floor rail, to illustrate the relative position of two adjacent floor rail elements in the 19 assembly of the same,
• 21 an enlarged view of part of the 19 , to illustrate the inclination of one of the high module supports in relation to the floor rail in the 19 arrangement shown,
• 22 an exploded view of a second floor rail element according to 4 and the high module requirements to be attached to it,
• 23 a perspective view of the in the 23 elements shown in the connected state,
• 24 the ones in the 23 Arrangement shown in a state in which the high module supports are swiveled down as far as they will go,
• 25 an exploded view of the in the 23 arrangement shown and the module clamps to be attached to it,
• 26 a perspective view of the im 25 elements shown in the connected state,
• 27 one of the 26 corresponding perspective view, in which, however, not only one module clamp but two module clamps lying next to each other are attached to the high module supports,
• 28 a perspective view of an area of a first floor rail element intended for mounting a low module support according to 6 and 7 ,
• 29 the floor rail element according to 28 with a low module support to be mounted on it,
• 30 according to the order 29 in a state in which the low module support has been placed on the floor rail element,
• 31 according to the order 30 in a state in which the low module support has been moved in the longitudinal direction of the floor rail element until it reaches the intended end position and locks in this position,
• 32 an exploded view of a low module support and a module clamp to be attached to it,
• 33 an exploded view of a low module support and two module clamps to be attached to it,
• 34 a side view of an arrangement in which a low module support with a module clamp attached to it is mounted on a floor rail element, and a photovoltaic module is placed on the module clamp that is folded back,
• 35 the ones in the 34 arrangement shown in a state in which the module clamp is clamped to the photovoltaic module,
• 36 the ones in the 35 arrangement shown in a state in which the module clamp is pivoted forward together with the clamped photovoltaic module,
• 37 a perspective view of a support plate that lies between the floor rails and the floor,
• 38 a side view of an arrangement in which the support plate is also used as a support for a ballast stone,
• 39 a perspective view of an arrangement in which a ballast stone rests on two cross rails that run transversely to the floor rails and are attached to the high module supports, and
• 40 a perspective view of an arrangement in which a ballast stone rests on two cross rails that run transversely to the floor rails and are attached to the floor rails.

The mounting system described in more detail below is a mounting system for mounting photovoltaic modules on flat roofs. In the present case, flat roofs are understood to mean roofs that have no or only a very small roof inclination, for example a roof inclination of up to 10°. If appropriately adapted to the given conditions, the mounting system can even be used on even more steeply sloping roofs.

• - auf das Dach aufgesetzte Auflageteller 2,
• - auf die Auflageteller 2 aufgesetzte und mit diesen verbundene Bodenschienen 3,
• - an den Bodenschienen 3 angebrachte und die Photovoltaikmodule tragende und in ihrer bestimmungsgemäßen Position und Lage haltende Modulauflagen 4, 5, genauer gesagt niedrige Modulauflagen 4 und hohe Modulauflagen 5,
• - rechtwinklig zu den Bodenschienen 3 verlaufende, mit den Bodenschienen 3 oder den hohen Modulauflagen 5 verbundene Querstreben 6,
• - Ballaststeine 7, und
• - Windschutzbleche 8.

The photovoltaic modules to be mounted on the roof using the mounting system are designated by reference number 1 in the figures. The assembly system carrying the photovoltaic modules 1 includes in the example under consideration

• - support plates 2 placed on the roof,
• - bottom rails 3 placed on the support plates 2 and connected to them,
• - module supports 4, 5 attached to the floor rails 3 and supporting the photovoltaic modules and keeping them in their intended position and location, more precisely low module supports 4 and high module supports 5,
• - cross struts 6 running at right angles to the floor rails 3 and connected to the floor rails 3 or the high module supports 5,
• - Ballast stones 7, and
• - Windshields 8.

If necessary, cable ducts, fiber trays and/or other photovoltaic system components can also be provided.

In the example under consideration, the photovoltaic modules 1 are rectangular plates with a frame 11, for example made of aluminum, surrounding them laterally. In the example under consideration, the photovoltaic modules 1 are arranged in a matrix comprising 3 rows R1, R2, R3 and 3 columns S1, S2, S1, where the number of rows and the number of columns can be of any size independently of each other. A matrix consisting of several rows and/or several columns is referred to below as a photovoltaic module field.

The photovoltaic modules 1 are preferably not arranged parallel to the roof surface, but are inclined relative to the roof surface for better alignment with the sun. The inclination depends, among other things, on the conditions prevailing at the installation site.

Normally, the photovoltaic modules are inclined so that their light-sensitive surface faces the sun, which is in the south, i.e. so that the edges of the photovoltaic modules facing the south are lower than the edges facing the north.

However, such an orientation of the photovoltaic modules is not always optimal. This is the case, for example, if an existing obstacle casts a shadow on the roof when the sun is in the south. And structural reasons can also make it difficult to align the photovoltaic modules to the south, for example if the roof has a structure or shape that makes certain photovoltaic module orientations impossible or only possible with disproportionate effort.

In such cases, provision can be made to tilt the photovoltaic modules so that their light-sensitive surface faces the sun in the east or the west, i.e. in such a way that the edges of the photovoltaic modules facing the east are lower than the edges facing the west, or vice versa.

Such an alignment of the photovoltaic modules 1 is also present in the example described in more detail here. However, it should be expressly pointed out at this point that the mounting system presented here can also be used for mounting differently inclined photovoltaic modules 1, for example in systems, without or with only minor adjustments in which all photovoltaic modules are aligned with the sun, which is in the south. There is also no absolute need for the photovoltaic modules 1 - as in the example under consideration - to be aligned differently; All photovoltaic modules can also be inclined in exactly the same way.

Like in particular from the 1 and 3 As can be seen, the photovoltaic modules 1 of the photovoltaic module series R2 are aligned with the sun standing in the east E, and the photovoltaic modules 1 of the photovoltaic module series R1 and R3 are aligned with the sun standing in the west W.

The photovoltaic system considered here is an aerodynamic system. This means that it is simply placed on the roof and held in its intended position by its own weight or additional ballast and secured against lifting off. In the case of larger roof inclinations, provision can be made for the system components to lie on the roof, i.e. the support plates 2 in the example under consideration, to be partially attached to the roof. This means that a few selected, but not all, support plates 2 can be attached to the roof by screws or in some other way if necessary.

One of the special features of the mounting system presented here is that the photovoltaic modules 1 are arranged on the mounting system in such a way that the long sides of the (rectangular) photovoltaic modules 1 run perpendicular to the floor rails 3, and that the module supports 4, 5, which act as photovoltaic module supports and serve to attach the photovoltaic modules 1 to the mounting system, are arranged along the long sides of the photovoltaic modules 1, i.e. connect the long sides of the photovoltaic modules, more precisely the frames 11 thereof, to the mounting system. Since the module supports 4, 5 are mounted on the floor rails 3, and any number of floor rails 3 spaced as far apart as desired can be provided without accepting disadvantages, by appropriately determining the number and distances of the floor rails 3, one can be optimally adapted to the given conditions Adapted fastening of the photovoltaic modules takes place. In particular, it is also possible to vary the distances between adjacent floor rails 3. At the in the 1 and 2 In the photovoltaic system shown, the distances between adjacent floor rails 3 and thus also the distances between adjacent module supports 4, 5 are smaller in the left half than in the right half of the photovoltaic module field. This has the positive effect that the left area can be exposed to higher mechanical loads, for example higher wind loads or higher snow loads. It is therefore possible with very little effort to provide a photovoltaic module fastening that is individually adapted to the expected load for each area of the photovoltaic module field. And this in turn enables photovoltaic modules 1 with greater length and/or greater width to be used.

Unlike the known mounting systems, in the mounting system presented here, the floor rails 3 no longer rest directly on the roof or a protective mat provided in between, but on the support plates 2 already mentioned. In the example under consideration, these support plates are made of plastic, but in principle they could also be made of any other material. In the example under consideration, they are placed directly on the roof, in particular without a protective mat in between. The support plate sections that come into contact with the roof are designed in such a way that they do not have any sharp edges or corners that could damage the roof skin and that the desired friction is achieved between the roof and the support plate. This friction is adjusted so that, on the one hand, the support plates 2 remain immovable on the roof even in unfavorable wind and weather, even without being attached to the roof, and on the other hand, damage to the roof skin due to excessive adhesion of the support plates on the roof is prevented. The friction is adjusted by appropriately selecting the size of the contact surface and its surface quality.

Although it is not provided in the example under consideration, as mentioned, a protective mat (not shown in the figures) can be provided between the support plate 2 and the roof.

The use of the support plates 2 offers the advantage that the size of the area over which the mounting system comes into contact with the roof can be selected independently of the structure and geometry of the other mounting system components. Like in particular from the 1 until 3 and 37 As can be seen, the support plates 2 have a substantially square support surface, the width of which is greater than the width of the bottom rails 3. The size of the support surface of each individual support plate 2, and the number of support plates 2 used and their distribution can be determined You can individually adjust at which point on the roof which forces are introduced into it.

The use of the support plates 2 also offers the advantage that one has more freedom when determining the geometry of the floor rails 3 supported by them. In particular, the width of the floor rails 3 and the design of the The bottom of the same is subject to fewer restrictions than before.

The base rails 3 are placed on the support plates 2. This is for example in 40 clearly visible. The bottom rail 3 is placed on by moving the bottom rail 3 from top to bottom. When placed on the support plate 2, the bottom rail 3 comes to rest between two parallel, opposite vertical surfaces 21, 22. On these, especially in the 37 Easily recognizable vertical surfaces 21, 22 are formed with locking lugs 211 which, when the support plate 2 and base rail 3 are assembled as intended, engage in assigned locking openings 304 in the base rail 3 and thus connect the support plate 2 and the base rail 3 with one another. For the sake of completeness, it should be mentioned in this context that the distance between the vertical surfaces 21, 22 corresponds to the width of the floor rail 3 and the vertical surfaces 21, 22 are elastically movable and/or deformable. The vertical surfaces 21, 22 therefore rest laterally on the base rail 3 in the locked state and prevent the base rail 3 from moving in this direction.

Preferably, the extent of the latching opening 304 in the longitudinal direction of the floor rail 3 is greater than the extent of the latching lugs 211 in this direction. This makes it possible for the bottom rail 3 to move relative to the support plate 2 in the longitudinal direction of the bottom rail 3. This has the positive effect that changes in the length of the floor rail 3 caused by temperature fluctuations are possible without moving the support plate 2 on the roof.

The support plate 2 can have two further, parallel, opposite second vertical surfaces 23, 24 between the vertical surfaces 21, 22, which, however, are rotated horizontally (around a vertical axis) by 90 ° to the vertical surfaces 21, 22. A floor rail 3 can also be inserted between the second vertical surfaces 23, 24 and attached to it by a locking connection as described above. More precisely, the floor slide 3 can either come to rest between the vertical surfaces 21, 22 or between the vertical surfaces 23, 34.

In this context, it should be noted that the floor rail 3 in particular 8th can be seen has a substantially C-shaped cross section and is placed with the open side first on the support plate 2. For this reason, and because those vertical surfaces 21 - 24 of the support plate 2 that do not lock with the base rail 3 as described are shaped and dimensioned in such a way that they, or more precisely the support plate sections containing them, are within the legs of the base rail 3 Enclosed area can come to rest, placing the bottom rail 3 over these unused support plate sections is not hindered. Quite the opposite: these support plate sections can even have a function that guides the bottom rail 3 when it is put on.

In the example under consideration, the mutual distance between the vertical surfaces 21, 22 differs from the mutual distance between the second vertical surfaces 23, 24. This makes it possible to use the support plate 2 for floor rails 3 of different widths or floor rail sections of different widths. The support plate 2 and the base rail 3 only have to be aligned with one another in such a way that the base rail 3, more precisely the base rail section to be placed on the support plate 2, comes to lie between those vertical surfaces whose distance corresponds to the width of the relevant base rail section. As will be explained in more detail later, the floor rails 3 in the example under consideration are composed of several first floor rail elements 31, 32 and second floor rail elements 33, 34 that alternate lengthwise, whereby, as in particular from the 8th until 10 As can be seen, the first floor rail elements 31, 32 are inserted into the second floor rail elements 33, 34 and therefore have a smaller width than that of the second floor rail elements 33, 34. Due to the different distances between the vertical surfaces 21, 22 and the second vertical surfaces 23, 24 and a corresponding adjustment of the same to different widths of the first floor rail elements 31, 32 in the second floor rail elements 33, 34, the support plate 2 can be made from support for First floor rail elements 31, 32 serve as a support for floor rail sections formed by the second floor rail elements 33, 34.

The support plate 2 and the base rail 3 are also adapted to one another in such a way that the sections of the support plate 2 that protrude furthest upwards are flush with the top of the base rail 3 that is placed on the support plate 2 as intended. This means that the support plate 2 can also be used as an additional support for objects to be placed on the floor rail 3. Such objects are, for example, but not exclusively, the ballast stones 7. As can be seen in particular from the 1 , 2 and 38 As can be seen, a ballast stone 7 can be placed so that it rests on both the floor rail 3 and also rests on the support plate 2 carrying it. Especially if the sections of the support plate 2 that protrude furthest upwards are located in the corners of the support plate 2, as in the example under consideration, the ballast stone rests on support points located far away from the bottom rail 3 and is thus well secured against slipping off the bottom rail .

For the sake of completeness, it should be noted in this context that the cross struts 6 running perpendicular to the floor rails 3, as in the 39 shown on the module supports 5, more precisely on the terminal supports 52 of the same, or as in 40 shown are attached to the floor rails 3, ballast stones 7 can be placed.

As already mentioned above, and for example from 3 As can be seen, the floor rails 3 are each composed of several floor rail elements arranged one behind the other in a row and connected to one another. These floor rail elements include first floor rail elements 31, 32 and second floor rail elements 33, 34, which alternately follow one another.

Of the floor rail elements mentioned, the first floor rail element 31 is in 6 shown, the first floor rail element 32 in 7 , the second floor rail element 33 in 4 , and the second floor rail element 34 in 5 .

The first floor rail elements 31, 32 essentially only differ in their length. In the example under consideration, the shorter first floor rail element 32 is approximately half as long as the longer first floor rail element 31 and is used in the present case if only a single high module support 5 is to be attached to it, i.e. if the floor rail element in question is the front or rear end of a respective floor rail 3 forms. The longer first floor rail element 31 is used in the example under consideration when two high module supports 5 are to be attached to it, i.e. when the floor rail element in question comes to rest between two second floor rail elements 33, 34.

The same applies to the second floor rail elements 33, 34. These also essentially only differ in their length. In the example under consideration, the shorter second floor rail element 34 is approximately half as long as the longer second floor rail element 33 and is used in the present case if only a single low module support 4 is to be attached to it, i.e. if the floor rail element in question is the front or rear end of a respective floor rail 3 forms. The longer second floor rail element 33 is used in the example under consideration when two low module supports 4 are to be attached to it, i.e. when the floor rail element in question comes to rest between two first floor rail elements 31, 32.

Like in particular from the 4 until 8th As can be seen, the bottom rail elements 31 - 34 each have a substantially C-shaped cross section, with - based on the intended position of the bottom rail elements on the support plate 2 - two vertical legs 301 lying parallel to one another at a distance and one connecting the upper ends of the same horizontal leg 302, the lower ends 303 of the vertical legs being bent inwards to form an acute angle. In the example under consideration, the floor rail elements are made of steel, but could also be made of another material.

The floor rail elements 31 - 34 have various recesses and other structures in their horizontal and vertical legs.

These include, among other things, the locking openings 304 already mentioned above, which are assigned to the locking lugs 211 of the support plates 2. These locking openings 304 are provided on both vertical legs 301 of all floor rail elements 31 - 34. A plurality of such locking openings 304 are provided on each vertical leg of each floor rail element 31 - 34. More precisely, a row of locking openings 304 is provided which runs in the longitudinal direction of the floor rail elements and extends over the entire length of the floor rail elements. The many locking openings 304 enable the position of each support plate 2 to be selected from a large number of possible positions, and/or that the number of support plates 2 used can be determined within wide limits, so that a very flexible adjustment of the number and positions of the Support plate can be made to the given conditions.

On the vertical legs 301 of the second floor rail elements 33, 34, opposite bulges 305 are also provided, in the middle of which there is a hole designed for inserting a rivet. The bulges 305 are intended to accommodate the rivet heads lying between the vertical legs 301 so that they do not protrude into the space enclosed by the bottom rail element legs 301, 302. This allows the first floor to be pushed in unhindered Rail elements 31, 32 into the second floor rail elements 33, 34. Such telescoping is necessary for the type of connection of adjacent floor rail elements selected in the example under consideration. This will be discussed in more detail later. The rivets in question are used to fasten the module supports to be attached to the second floor rail elements 33, 34, more precisely for attaching the high module supports 5. This will also be discussed in more detail later.

One or more elastically movable tongues 331 are formed on the horizontal legs 302 of the second floor rail elements 33, 34, which were created by a U-shaped incision in the horizontal leg 302. The free ends of the tongues 331 are formed by a corresponding deformation as a locking lug 3311, which is designed to snap into one of the assigned locking openings 311-1 - 311-3 in the horizontal leg 302 of a first floor rail element inserted into the second floor rail element 33, 34 . This locking mechanism, which is used to connect adjacent floor rail elements, will be described in more detail later.

Locking recesses 332 are also provided in the horizontal legs 302 of the second floor rail elements 33, 34. These locking recesses 332 come when two floor rail elements to be connected to one another are pushed far into one another, i.e. when the locking lug 3311 of the tongue 331 of the second floor rail element 33, 34 falls into one of several assigned locking openings 311-1 - 311-3 of the first floor rail element 31 , 32 is locked to lie over one of several locking recesses 312-1 - 312-3 of the first floor rail element 31, 32. When the photovoltaic system is constructed as intended, the locking recesses that lie one above the other are passed through by a locking extension 521 extending from the high module support 5. As a result, the nested first and second floor rail elements are additionally secured against mutual displacement.

In the first floor rail elements 31, 32, in addition to the above-mentioned latching openings 304 in the vertical legs 301 and the latching openings 311-1 to 311-3, also mentioned above, and locking recesses 312-1 to 312-3 in the horizontal legs 302 Further recesses 313-1 - 313-4 and locking openings 314 are provided for fastening the low module supports 4 to the first floor rails 31, 32. This will be discussed in more detail later.

Furthermore, there are markings 315-1 - 315-3 on the horizontal legs 302 of the first floor rail elements 31, 32, which show how far the first floor rail elements 31, 32 and the second floor rail elements 33, 34 are pushed into one another.

In the example under consideration, various additional recesses are provided on the floor rail elements 31 - 34. These are used to attach other components of the photovoltaic system, for example to attach cross struts etc. to the floor rail elements 31 - 34. The attachment of such and other system components to the floor rail elements is of secondary interest in the present case and is therefore not explained in more detail here.

As can already be seen from the structure of the floor rail elements 31 - 34 described above, the first floor rail elements 31, 32 and the second floor rail elements 33, 34 are designed for attaching different module supports 4, 5. In the example under consideration, it is the case that the low module supports 4 are mounted on the first floor rail elements 31, 32, and only on these, and that the high module supports 5 are mounted on the second floor rail elements 33, 34, and only on these. It should be obvious and requires no further explanation that this could also be exactly the other way around, so that the high module supports 5 are mounted on the first floor rail elements 31, 32, and the low module supports 4 are mounted on the second floor rail elements 33, 34. In particular, if all photovoltaic modules 1 are inclined in exactly the same way, for example aligned with the sun in the south, provision could also be made for low module supports 4 and high module supports 5 to be mounted on a floor rail element.

As has already been mentioned several times above, the first floor rail elements 31, 32 and the second floor rail elements 33, 34 are designed to be pushed into one another in order to connect them. More precisely, in the example under consideration, it is the case that the second floor rail elements 33, 34 have a slightly larger cross section than the first floor rail elements 31, 32, so that the first floor rail elements 31, 32 as in the 8th until 10 illustrated can be inserted into the second floor rail elements 33, 34. Of course, this can also be exactly the other way around.

The first floor rail elements 31, 32 and the second floor rail elements 33, 34 are connected to one another when they are pushed far into one another as intended, so that no further relative movements are possible. In the example under consideration, this connection includes a snap-in connection, although there is no restriction on this. To produce the locking connection, the already mentioned locking lug 3311 is located on an elastically movable section, namely on the tongue 331 of the second floor rail elements 33, 34, which locks into an assigned locking opening 311-1 - 311-3 when the floor rail elements are pushed into one another in the intended relative position.

The first floor rail elements 31, 32 and the second floor rail elements 33, 34 can be pushed into one another to different extents to adapt to the given conditions. More precisely, there are several different relative positions in which they can be connected to each other. In the example under consideration, the floor rail elements are designed to be connected to one another in one of three predetermined relative positions, with no restriction to the number 3. In each of the predetermined relative positions, the floor rail elements can be connected to one another in exactly the same way.

In the example under consideration, this is made possible by the fact that three locking openings 311-2, 311-2, and 311-3 arranged in a row at a distance are provided on the first floor rail element 31, 32, into which the locking lug 3311 of the second floor rail element 33, 34 can snap into place .

This and the resulting effect are in the 13 until 21 illustrated.

The 13 until 15 show the state in which the first floor rail elements 31, 32 are pushed as far as possible into the second floor rail elements 33, 34. In this state, the locking lug 3311 is in the locking opening 311-1. This can be reliably verified from the outside using the three markings 315-1 - to 315-3. When the floor rail elements are pushed into one another as far as possible, the second floor rail element 33, 34 ends at the marking 315-1. In this state, the locking recess 312-1 of the first floor rail element 31, 32 also comes to rest under the locking recess 332 of the second floor rail element 33, 34, so that the floor rail elements are secured by means of the locking extension 521 of the high module support 5 in. which runs through these locking recesses be locked in this position.

The 19 until 21 show the state in which the first floor rail elements 31, 32 are inserted a minimum distance into the second floor rail elements 33, 34. In this state, the locking lug 3311 is in the locking opening 311-3, and the second floor rail element 33, 34 ends at the marking 315-3. In this state, the locking recess 312-3 of the first floor rail element 31, 32 also comes to rest under the locking recess 332 of the second floor rail element 33, 34, so that the floor rail elements are secured by means of the locking extension 521 of the high module support 5 in. which runs through these locking recesses be locked in this position.

The 16 until 18 show the state in which the first floor rail elements 31, 32 are inserted into the second floor rail elements 33, 34 to an extent lying between the minimum and the maximum. In this state, the locking lug 3311 is in the locking opening 311-2, and the second floor rail element 33, 34 ends at the marking 315-2. In this state, the locking recess 312-2 of the first floor rail element 31, 32 also comes to rest under the locking recess 332 of the second floor rail element 33, 34, so that the floor rail elements are secured by means of the locking extension 521 of the high module support which runs through these locking recesses 5 must be locked in this position.

• - sich über den Umfang des Ineinanderschiebens benachbarter Bodenschienenelemente wie in den 13, 16 und 19 gezeigt Einfluss auf die Neigung der Photovoltaikmodule 1 nehmen lässt, und/oder
• - das Montagesystem über den Umfang des Ineinanderschiebens benachbarter Bodenschienenelemente an die Größe der Photovoltaikmodule, insbesondere an die Länge ihrer parallel zu den Bodenschienen verlaufenden Seite anpassbar ist.

Like from the 13 , 16 and 19 As can be seen, pushing the adjacent floor rail elements into each other to different extents has the effect that the distances between the low module supports 4 and the associated high module supports 5 change. This, in conjunction with the fact that the high module requirements 5 as in the 15 , 18 and 21 shown can be pivoted about an axis located at the lower end and running at right angles to the floor rails, the positive effect that

• - about the scope of the telescoping of adjacent floor rail elements as in the 13 , 16 and 19 shown can influence the inclination of the photovoltaic modules 1, and/or
• - The mounting system can be adapted to the size of the photovoltaic modules, in particular to the length of their side running parallel to the floor rails, via the scope of the telescoping of adjacent floor rail elements.

As mentioned and as, for example, in the 11 and 12 is clearly visible, are on the The low module supports 4 are mounted on the first floor rail elements 31, 32, and the high module supports 5 are mounted on the second floor rail elements 33, 34.

Both for the low module supports 4 and for the high module supports 5, these include module clamps 41 and 51 that can be connected to the photovoltaic modules as well as clamp supports 42 and 52 that are connected to the floor rails and the module clamps and arranged between them and are connected to one another in this way are that the module clamps can be pivoted in relation to the clamp supports and/or the clamp supports can be pivoted in relation to the floor rails.

Of the components mentioned of the low module supports 4, the module clamps are designated with the reference number 41 and the clamp supports are designated with the reference number 42, and of the components mentioned of the high module supports 5, the module clamps are designated with the reference number 51 and the clamp supports are designated with the reference number 52 .

The assembly of the high module supports 5 on the second floor rail elements 33, 34 is in the 22 until 27 illustrated.

In the example under consideration, the terminal carrier 52 is formed by a hat profile, whose - based on its in the 24 shown, completely folded down position - vertical legs have a distance corresponding to the width of the second floor rail element, so that the clamp carrier can be placed on the second floor rail element 33, 34 from above or as in the 24 shown can be folded all the way down. Holes are provided in the vertical legs of the clamp carrier 52 for attaching the clamp carrier to the second floor rail element 33, 34 and for attaching the module clamp 51 to the clamp carrier.

The clamp carrier 52 is fastened by rivets which pass through the holes provided for this purpose in the clamp carrier 52 and the holes provided in the bulges 305 of the second base rail element 33, 34. As already mentioned, the inner heads of the rivets come to lie within the bulges 305 and therefore do not form an obstacle that interferes with the telescoping of the bottom rail elements. The two opposing rivets, through which each clamp carrier 52 is connected to the second floor rail element 33, 34, form a horizontal pivot axis running perpendicular to the floor rail, about which the clamp carrier 52 can be swiveled up and down. In the in the 23 In the state shown, the terminal supports 52 are almost vertical, and in the state shown in the 24 In the state shown, they are folded all the way down and rest on the second floor rail element. The folded-up position is one of the possible positions of the terminal carrier 52, which it can assume when it is connected to a photovoltaic module 1 as intended. The position folded all the way down is the position of the clamp carrier 52, which it preferably assumes during transport when it is pre-assembled on the second floor rail element 33, 34. The terminal carrier 52 can also be other than those in the 23 assume the folded-up positions shown, for example, but not exclusively, those in the 15 , 18 and 21 positions shown.

In the 22 until 24 The above-mentioned locking extension 521 of the high module support 5 is also clearly visible. In the example under consideration, this locking extension 521 extends from the horizontal leg of the clamp carrier 52 and is arranged and designed in such a way that it is in the folded-up position of the clamp carrier 52, for example in the 23 position shown, the locking recess 332 of the second floor rail element 33, 34 and the underlying locking recess 312-1 or 312-2 or 312-3 of the first floor rail element 31, 32 passes through and secures against relative movements of the same.

Like in particular from the 25 and 26 As can be seen, the clamp 51 comprises a lower part 511 and an upper part 512, which are connected to one another using a screw 513 or the like and can be moved far towards or away from one another as desired, and between which the photovoltaic module 1 to be clamped, more precisely the frame, is located 11 of the same can be trapped. The lower terminal part 511 is connected to the terminal carrier 52 by a screw 514. The screw 514 passes through the holes provided in the vertical legs of the clamp carrier 52 as well as assigned holes in the lower part of the clamp 511. The screw forms a horizontal axis that runs perpendicular to the base rail, about which the module clamp 51 can be pivoted. The fact that not only the clamp carrier 52, but also the module clamp 51 can be pivoted, makes the mounting system even better adaptable to the given conditions than is already the case.

Regardless of all of this, it is also provided that there are several pairs of holes in the lower part of the clamp 511 for the screw 514 to pass through. This allows the lower clamp part 511 to clamp in different relative positions on the clamp carrier 52 are attached, which ensures further improved adaptability of the mounting system to the given conditions.

Like from the 27 As can be seen, the module clamp 51 can also be formed by a pair of module clamps, whereby the several module clamps can be connected either to the same photovoltaic module or to different photovoltaic modules 1.

The assembly of the low module supports 4 on the first floor rail elements 31, 32 is in the 28 until 33 illustrated.

In the example under consideration, the clamp carrier 42 is formed by a plate that lies on the first floor rail element 31, 32 and has two side parts that extend vertically upwards and run in the longitudinal direction of the floor rail, in which holes are provided for fastening the module clamp 41 to the clamp carrier 42. Four angled legs extend from the plate, which initially extend slightly downwards from the plate and then continue to run parallel to the plate in the longitudinal direction of the floor rail. An elastically movable tongue 422 is also formed in the plate by a U-shaped incision, at the free end of which a locking lug 423 is formed.

To attach the clamp carrier 42 to the first floor rail element 31, 32, the clamp carrier 42 is as shown in FIG 29 and 30 shown placed on the first floor rail element 31, 32 so that its legs 421 pass through the assigned recesses 313-1 - 313-4 of the first floor rail element 31, 32. Then, as in 31 shown, the clamp carrier 42 is pushed as far as it will go in the longitudinal direction of the bottom rail element 31, 32. In the state then reached, the locking lug 423 of the clamp carrier 42 snaps into the assigned locking opening 314 of the first floor rail element 31, 32 and fixes the clamp carrier 42 in this position.

The 32 shows how the module clamp 41 is attached to the clamp carrier 42. The structure of the module clamp 41 corresponds to the structure of the module clamp 51 already described in detail. The same reference numbers designate the same or corresponding elements. The module clamp is again attached to the clamp carrier with a screw 514. The screw 514 passes through the holes provided for this purpose on the clamp carrier 42 as well as associated holes in the lower clamp part 511 and here too forms a horizontal axis running perpendicular to the base rail, about which the module clamp 41 can be pivoted like the module clamp 51. Thanks to the several pairs of holes for the screw 514 in the lower part of the clamp, the clamp 41 can also be fastened to the clamp carrier 42 in different relative positions.

Like from the 33 As can be seen, the module clamp 41 can also be formed by a pair of module clamps, whereby the several module clamps can be connected either to the same photovoltaic module 1 or to different photovoltaic modules.

The pivotability of the module clamp 41 in relation to the clamp carrier 42 and/or the possibility of being able to attach the module clamp 41 to the clamp carrier 42 in different relative positions enables further adjustments of the mounting system to the given conditions.

The pivotability of the module clamp 41 also enables faster and easier installation of the photovoltaic modules 1 on the mounting system. This is in the 34 - 36 illustrated. If you swivel the module clamp 41 as shown 34 shown to the rear as far as it will go, then the photovoltaic module 1 can simply be placed vertically on the module clamp so that it, or more precisely its frame 11, comes to rest between the lower part of the clamp and the upper part of the clamp. By subsequently tightening the screw connecting the lower part of the clamp and the upper part of the clamp, the photovoltaic module frame 11 is as shown in FIG 35 shown clamped between the lower part of the terminal and the upper part of the terminal and held there. If you then fold the module clamp 41 down together with the photovoltaic module 1 clamped by it, the opposite side of the photovoltaic module can be connected to the module clamp 51 of the high module support 5. Due to the pivotability of both the module clamp 51 and the clamp carrier 52, this can be accomplished just as quickly and easily as the connection of the first photovoltaic module side to the module clamp 41. All work can be easily carried out by a single person.

The assembly system described above can be modified in many ways

In particular, there is no absolute need for all of the options presented here for adapting the assembly system to the given conditions to be provided. It is already an advantage if only some of the customization options described are provided. The customization options presented here can be used independently of each other.

The assembly system described above proves to be very advantageous in several respects, regardless of the details of the practical implementation. It can be quickly and easily adapted to suit the given circumstances.

Reference symbol list

1

Photovoltaic module

2

Support plate

3

Floor rail

4

low module requirement

5

high number of modules

6

Cross brace

7

ballast stone

8th

Windshield

11

Frame of 1

21, 22

on 2 formed vertical surfaces, between which 3 can be used

23, 24

second vertical surfaces formed on 2, between which 3 can be inserted

31, 32

first floor rail element

33, 34

second floor rail element

41

Module clamp of 4

42

Terminal carrier of 4

51

Module clamp of 5

52

Terminal carrier of 5

211

Detent at 21 and 22

301

vertical leg from 31 -34

302

horizontal leg from 31 - 34

303

inwardly curved lower end of 301

304

211 assigned locking opening in 301 from 31 - 34

305

Bulge outwards in 301 of 33, 34

311-1 3311

assigned locking opening in 302 of 31, 32

311-2 3311

assigned locking opening in 302 of 31, 32

311-3 3311

assigned locking opening in 302 of 31, 32

312-1

332 assigned locking recess in 302 of 31, 32

312-2

332 assigned locking recess in 302 of 31, 32

312-3

332 assigned locking recess in 302 of 31, 32

313-1

Recess in 302 of 31, 32 for attaching 4 to 31, 32

313-2

Recess in 302 of 31, 32 for attaching 4 to 31, 32

313-3

Recess in 302 of 31, 32 for attaching 4 to 31, 32

313-4

Recess in 302 of 31, 32 for attaching 4 to 31, 32

314

423 assigned locking opening in 302 of 31, 32

315-1

Mark on 302 from 31, 32

315-2

Mark on 302 from 31, 32

315-3

Mark on 302 from 31, 32

331

elastically movable tongue in 301 of 33, 34

332

Locking recess in 301 of 33, 34

421

Legs of 42

422

Tongue in 42

423

Detent on 422

511

Bottom of 51

512

upper clamp element

513

Screw for connecting and adjusting 511, 512

521

Locking extension at 52

3311

Detent on 331

Rx

Photovoltaic module array series

Sx

Photovoltaic module field column

O

east

W

west

Claims (7)

Mounting system for mounting photovoltaic modules (1) on roofs, in particular on flat roofs, with - floor rails (3) to be arranged above the roof, and - module supports (4, 5) mounted on the floor rails, to which the photovoltaic modules can be attached, characterized in that the module supports can be connected to the photovoltaic modules Module clamps (41, 51) and clamp carriers (42, 52) connected to the floor rails and the module clamps, which are connected to one another in such a way that the module clamps can be pivoted in relation to the clamp carriers and/or the clamp carriers can be pivoted in relation to the floor rails. Mounting system for mounting photovoltaic modules (1) on roofs, in particular on flat roofs, with - floor rails (3) to be arranged above the roof, and - module supports (4, 5) mounted on the floor rails, to which the photovoltaic modules can be attached, characterized in that the module supports comprise module clamps (41, 51) which can be connected to the photovoltaic modules and clamp supports (42, 52) which are connected to the floor rails and the module clamps and which can be connected to one another in different relative positions. Mounting system for mounting photovoltaic modules (1) on roofs, in particular on flat roofs, with - floor rails (3) to be arranged above the roof, and - module supports (4, 5) mounted on the floor rails, to which the photovoltaic modules can be attached, characterized in that - that the floor rails are composed of several floor rail elements (31, 32, 33, 34) arranged one behind the other and connected to one another, and - that of the module supports to which an individual photovoltaic module is attached, each module support is mounted on a different floor rail element. Mounting system for mounting photovoltaic modules (1) on roofs, in particular on flat roofs, with - floor rails (3) to be arranged above the roof, and - module supports (4, 5) mounted on the floor rails, to which the photovoltaic modules can be attached, characterized in that - that the floor rails are composed of several floor rail elements (31, 32, 33, 34) arranged one behind the other and connected to one another, and - that the interconnected floor rail elements can be connected to one another in predetermined different relative positions. Mounting system for mounting photovoltaic modules (1) on roofs, in particular on flat roofs, with - floor rails (3) to be arranged above the roof, and - module supports (4,5) mounted on the floor rails, to which the photovoltaic modules can be attached, characterized in that - that the mounting system includes support plates (2) that can be placed on the roof and carry the floor rails, and - that the support plates and the floor rails placed thereon are designed in such a way that when the floor rails are properly placed on the support plates, the sections of the support plates that protrude furthest upwards flush with the top of the floor rails. Mounting system for mounting photovoltaic modules (1) on roofs, in particular on flat roofs, with - floor rails (3) to be arranged above the roof, and - module supports (4,5) mounted on the floor rails, to which the photovoltaic modules can be attached, characterized in that - that the mounting system includes support plates (2) that can be placed on the roof and carry the floor rails, and - that the support plates and the floor rails are connected to one another in such a way that the floor rails can be displaced to a predetermined extent in the longitudinal direction of the floor rails relative to the support plate. Mounting system for mounting photovoltaic modules (1) on roofs, in particular on flat roofs, with - floor rails (3) to be arranged above the roof, and - module supports (4,5) mounted on the floor rails, to which the photovoltaic modules can be attached, characterized in that - that the mounting system includes support plates (2) that can be placed on the roof and carry the floor rails, - that the support plates and the floor rails are connected to one another in such a way that the support plates prevent movements of the floor rails relative to the support plate transverse to the longitudinal direction of the floor rails, and - that Support plates are designed to carry floor rails or floor rail sections of different widths.

Images