DE102022106816A1 - Burner device - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a burner device (100) for burning at least one fuel with at least one oxidizer, wherein the burner device (100) has a central longitudinal axis (102) and a main flow direction (104) that is at least approximately parallel to the central longitudinal axis (102), and wherein the burner device (100) comprises: a burner head (108) for supplying fuel and/or oxidizer to a combustion chamber, and a flame tube (106) in which the burner head (108) is arranged, the burner head (108) having the following comprises: at least one injection device (120, 122) with a plurality of injection openings (132, 164) for injecting fuel, and at least one aperture plate (116, 118) with a plurality of aperture openings (146, 148) for fuel and / or oxidizer, the at least an orifice plate (116, 118) is arranged downstream of the at least one injection device (120, 122) with respect to the main flow direction (104); and/or wherein the at least one aperture plate (116, 118) comprises a plurality of differently designed aperture openings (146, 148); and/or wherein the at least one injection device (120, 122) comprises a plurality of differently designed injection openings (132, 164).

Description

The present invention relates to a burner device for burning at least one fuel with at least one oxidizer. The present invention further relates to a burner chamber device with a burner device and further to a thermal exhaust gas purification system with a burner device.

Increasingly strict legal requirements, for example in thermal exhaust air purification systems, result in a trend towards ever lower NO _x values, which can hardly be achieved with the previous burner devices or burners, since very high combustion chamber temperatures still prevail at low mass flow rates. In addition, in classic low-NO _x jet burners, the combustion jet enters deep into the flow area after the burner head, which creates larger recirculation areas to the side of this jet. As a result, attempts are made to achieve rapid homogenization of fuel and oxidizer through a complex injection geometry, but this quickly leads to high investments for larger burners. After all, current burners are not designed to use hydrogen.

The present invention is therefore based on the object of creating a burner device of the type mentioned, which is simple and inexpensive to produce, achieves uniform and rapid mixing of fuel and oxidizer, causes lower NO _x emissions and / or at least for the use of Hydrogen/methane mixtures are prepared.

• - einen Brennerkopf zur Zuführung von Brennstoff und/oder Oxidator zu einer Brennkammer, und
• - ein Flammrohr, in welchem der Brennerkopf angeordnet ist,

This object is achieved according to the invention in that a burner device for combustion of at least one fuel with at least one oxidizer is provided, the burner device having a central longitudinal axis and a main flow direction at least approximately parallel to the central longitudinal axis, and the burner device comprising the following:

• - a burner head for supplying fuel and/or oxidizer to a combustion chamber, and
• - a flame tube in which the burner head is arranged,

• - zumindest eine Eindüsungsvorrichtung mit mehreren Eindüsungsöffnungen zur Eindüsung von Brennstoff, und
• - zumindest eine Blendenplatte mit mehreren Blendenöffnungen für Brennstoff und/oder Oxidator,

wobei die zumindest eine Blendenplatte bezüglich der Hauptströmungsrichtung stromabwärts der zumindest einen Eindüsungsvorrichtung angeordnet ist; und/oder
wobei die zumindest eine Blendenplatte mehrere unterschiedlich ausgebildete Blendenöffnungen umfasst; und/oder
wobei die zumindest eine Eindüsungsvorrichtung mehrere unterschiedlich ausgebildete Eindüsungsöffnungen umfasst.The burner head includes the following:

• - at least one injection device with several injection openings for injecting fuel, and
• - at least one aperture plate with several aperture openings for fuel and/or oxidizer,

wherein the at least one orifice plate is arranged downstream of the at least one injection device with respect to the main flow direction; and or
wherein the at least one aperture plate comprises a plurality of differently designed aperture openings; and or
wherein the at least one injection device comprises a plurality of differently designed injection openings.

An advantage of the burner device according to the invention can be that, compared to conventional burner devices, significantly lower NO _x values can be achieved with more uniform combustion. By mixing the fuel and oxidizer more evenly and quickly, the corresponding thermal reactions are accelerated, which allows the combustion chamber temperature to be reduced.

In particular, the use of the orifice plate preferably optimizes the recirculation zones, the flame anchoring and/or the flame stabilization. Preferably, the injected fuel or oxidizer is also accelerated and/or improved mixing of fuel and oxidizer is made possible. As a result, as already mentioned, combustion can preferably take place at lower temperatures, which in particular reduces NO _x emissions.

It is also possible for two adjacent aperture openings of the at least one aperture plate and/or two adjacent injection openings of the at least one injection device to be designed differently in shape, dimension and/or their orientation to one another and/or in relation to the main flow direction or central longitudinal axis and / or are arranged.

In addition, it can be provided that the arrangement of the at least one aperture plate on the at least one injection device means that they can be arranged in close spatial proximity to one another with respect to the main flow direction, but without the flow of the oxidizer around the injection device through the aperture openings of the to prevent at least one aperture plate from passing through.

In one embodiment of the invention it is provided that the burner head further has at least one swirl device for swirling the fuel and/or oxide supplied through the burner head dators, which is arranged at least partially upstream of the at least one injection device with respect to the main flow direction.

As a result, the portion of the oxidizer flowing through is deflected only once for the twist and thus the flow velocity can preferably be used almost unchanged for mixing with the fuel. The injection of the fuel is preferably optimized by such a structure and optimally there are fewer pressure losses and/or lower emissions.

In one embodiment of the invention it is provided that the at least one swirl device is connected to the at least one injection device or has a distance from the at least one injection device which is constant or variably adjustable.

It is conceivable that the at least one injection device is at least partially integrated into the at least one swirl device at the downstream end with respect to the main flow direction. But a fixed distance between the at least one swirl device and the at least one injection device can also be advantageous. Furthermore, a variably adjustable distance makes it possible to react to changing boundary conditions of the flow system of the burner device in order to be able to adapt the combustion process so that the NO _x emissions are efficiently reduced.

In one embodiment of the invention it is provided that the at least one swirl device is connected to the at least one diaphragm plate.

By connecting the at least one swirl device to the at least one diaphragm plate and the at least one injection device arranged between these two, a compact design of the burner device can advantageously be realized.

In one embodiment of the invention it is provided that the swirl device comprises a plurality of swirl bodies, which are each inclined about a radial axis, relative to the central longitudinal axis, in order to swirl the fuel and/or oxidizer flowing through relative to the main flow direction.

The swirl bodies can preferably have the shape of straight or curved plates; Wing profiles or the like are also conceivable.

It is advantageous if the swirl bodies are arranged equidistant from one another in a circumferential direction, relative to the central longitudinal axis, since this ensures uniform twisting of the oxidizer portion flowing through and there are no local pressure differences or losses at the level of the swirl bodies.

In a preferred embodiment, the swirl bodies only extend to the inside of the flame tube. However, in a possible further embodiment, the swirl bodies can also extend radially to the central longitudinal axis through slot-shaped openings in the flame tube, which, on the one hand, enables a compact design and, on the other hand, the possibility of twisting through the section of the swirl bodies that projects radially beyond the flame tube, even for a certain area is made available outside the flame tube.

In one embodiment of the invention it is provided that the swirl bodies have a projection on their edges upstream with respect to the main flow direction.

What is advantageous about such projections is that the area through which the flow flows is subjected to variable flame heights, i.e. the flame height in the main flow direction is influenced depending on the specific design of the projections.

In one embodiment of the invention it is provided that the flame tube forms at least one diffuser at its downstream end with respect to the main flow direction.

It can be advantageous if the diffuser promotes the recirculation of the internal flow and/or if the geometry of the flame tube is stabilized due to the diffuser, for example the corresponding end of the flame tube has increased rigidity compared to a cylindrical configuration. The diffuser preferably causes the secondary portion of the oxidizer or the secondary air to unfold, which flows along the outside of the flame tube. Opening up or expanding this oxidizer portion can be particularly important for rapid mixing of fuel and oxidizer, which preferably leads to better exhaust air purification.

In one embodiment of the invention it is provided that the diffuser has a continuous cross-sectional expansion downstream with respect to the main flow direction.

The necessary or desired speed of mixing is determined, among other things, by the opening angle and the course of the cross-sectional expansion The adjustment can be adjusted, so that a constant expansion of the cross-section is only viewed as particularly advantageous.

The opening angle of the cross-sectional expansion can be constant. However, it is also possible that the opening angle of the cross-sectional expansion increases or decreases.

If the diffuser is manufactured using an additive manufacturing process such as 3D printing, it may result in production-related stages being formed. This generally not very pronounced step contour on the outer and/or inner surface of the diffuser should also be understood as a constant cross-sectional expansion.

In one embodiment of the invention it is provided that the at least one injection device has first injection openings whose central axes point at least approximately in the main flow direction.

As a result, the fuel and/or oxidizer is injected into the burner chamber at least approximately parallel to the main flow direction, with the central axis of an injection opening being understood to be its main outflow direction.

However, it is also conceivable that the central axes of the injection openings and the main flow direction enclose an angle greater than zero, since it can be advantageous not to align the injection openings in the direction of the main flow direction, but rather to specify an angle relative to the main flow direction depending on further adjustable elements of the burner device, for example in order to optimize the mixing of injected fuel and the oxidizer flowing through.

In one embodiment of the invention it is provided that at least one of the first injection openings has an injection nozzle which projects in the main flow direction.

It is advantageous that injection nozzles at the injection openings can increase the exit speed of the fuel from the injection opening depending on their profile or geometry along the central axis.

In one embodiment of the invention it is provided that the at least one injection device has second injection openings, the central axes of which each enclose an angle between 0 degrees and 90 degrees with the main flow direction.

In particular, it can be advantageous if the second injection openings enclose an angle other than zero with the first injection openings.

Additional injection openings, which are not aligned in the main flow direction, preferably enable local premixed combustion to occur or at least the local mixing of fuel and oxidizer to be increased and thereby, overall, in addition to an increased available fuel volume, the homogenization of the mixture is accelerated.

In a further possible embodiment of the invention, it can be provided that the first and second injection openings can be controlled independently of one another, i.e. either the first, the second, or the first and second injection openings can be activated or deactivated, whereby the volume flow of fuel can be adjusted. Furthermore, it is possible for different fuels to be injected via the first and second injection openings. The first and second injection openings of the at least one injection device can be arranged alternately or in groups.

In one embodiment of the invention it is provided that the at least one injection device is a pipe ring, a star-shaped, closed pipe arrangement, a pipe ring with a fluidically connected, internal pipe cross or a pipe cross.

Within the scope of the present invention, the injection devices are not limited to a specific design. Rather, depending on the specific application, a design other than a pipe ring may be preferable. For example, the variant of a pipe ring with a fluidically connected inner pipe cross offers the possibility of injecting more fuel into a central area via the additional injection openings.

A pipe cross is an arrangement whose number of cross struts and, associated with this, the angle between the struts depend on the application. A pipe cross should in particular also be understood to mean an arrangement of at least pipe sections which are arranged essentially in a radial manner around a common center, preferably with an included angle of 120° between two adjacent pipe sections. The three pipe sections are connected to at least one feed in a flow-conducting manner. The feed can be in the center as well the pipe cross of the pipe sections can also be arranged at least partially enclosing it.

In one embodiment of the invention it is provided that the at least one injection device has a round or square cross section.

Round or rounded cross-sections shall include circular, oval and elliptical cross-sections.

In one embodiment of the invention it is provided that the at least one injection device is designed to be wave-shaped with respect to a plane perpendicular to the central longitudinal axis.

The flame height can preferably be influenced via a wave-shaped or zigzag-shaped design of an injection device, and it can also be provided that the orientation of the injection opening of such an injection device can be different in relation to the main flow direction in the valley and at the peak of the waveform .

In one embodiment of the invention it is provided that the at least one aperture plate has first aperture openings and second aperture openings.

Preferably, the first and second aperture openings are designed and/or arranged differently in shape, dimension and/or their orientation to one another and/or in relation to the main flow direction or central longitudinal axis, which can be used to influence the stabilization of the flames.

In a possible further embodiment of the invention it is provided that the first aperture openings and the second aperture openings of the aperture plate are arranged alternately along the circumferential direction.

The alternating arrangement can offer the advantage that different types of combustion and/or combustion modes occur at the respective openings, thereby resulting in mutual stabilization of the combustion at adjacent openings.

In one embodiment of the invention it is provided that the first aperture openings are circular aperture openings and that the second aperture openings are elliptical, elongated hole or kidney-shaped aperture openings.

The different geometries of the aperture openings create different zones on the aperture plate, which preferably stabilize one another.

In one embodiment of the invention it is provided that the second aperture openings are at least partially covered with respect to the main flow direction downstream of the at least one aperture plate, the degree of covering being adjustable.

In this context, adjustable should mean, on the one hand, a possibility of adjusting the degree of coverage of the second aperture openings depending on the variable combustion parameters, such as the combustion chamber temperature, the volume flows, the pressures, etc. i.e. control or regulation of the degree of coverage is possible. On the other hand, the adjustability can refer to the adjustment of the degree of coverage during the production of the at least one aperture plate or before commissioning, depending on the actual application.

In an advantageous embodiment, the cover of the second aperture openings can be adjusted mechanically via folding angles.

In one embodiment of the invention it is provided that fuel can be fed into the combustion chamber from one of the injection openings through the first aperture openings and that fuel can be fed into the combustion chamber from two of the injection openings through the second aperture openings.

It can be beneficial if different combustion stages or types of combustion take place within a diaphragm plate. While there is a richer combustion at the circular, first aperture openings with an associated injection opening, there is optimally a leaner combustion at the preferably elongated, second aperture openings, which in turn is stabilized by the richer combustion.

In one embodiment of the invention it is provided that the two injection openings, which supply fuel into the combustion chamber through a second aperture opening, are offset radially relative to the central longitudinal axis with respect to a longitudinal central axis of the elongated hole-shaped aperture opening.

This can have the advantage that the burner flame or the combustion stabilizes in the radially outer area. This can also be due to the fact that it is due to the radially offset arrangement of the elongated hole-shaped aperture opening and the two injection openings on the radially inner long side of the elongated hole-shaped Aperture opening leads to a larger flow of the oxidizer, ie at the elongated hole-shaped aperture openings, hotter flow paths arise on the radially outer long sides, while the colder flow paths preferably form on the radially inner side.

In other words, it is particularly advantageous if the center of the corresponding aperture openings or their central axis, based on the circumferential direction of the aperture plate, is arranged radially further inwards than the center of the associated injection opening or openings, because this creates a stable flame outer edge of the aperture plate.

This effect could also, as an alternative or in addition to a radial offset of the aperture and injection openings, be achieved or promoted by constrictions or projections, widenings or the like on the outer and / or inner edge of the aperture plate.

In one embodiment of the invention, it is provided that a discharge body for radial discharge of the fuel and/or oxidizer is arranged downstream of the main flow direction substantially centrally on the at least one diaphragm plate.

For example, in a preferred embodiment, the diverter body can be truncated cone-shaped, whereby the fluid flow is advantageously guided or pushed further radially outward through the truncated cone-shaped diverter body as it exits the at least one diaphragm plate on the downstream side, thereby promoting rapid mixing of fuel and oxidizer.

However, other geometries are also conceivable, such as a pipe with a protruding end cover element at the downstream end.

In one embodiment of the invention it is provided that the burner head has a first orifice plate, a second orifice plate, a first injection device and a second injection device.

In one embodiment of the invention it is provided that the first and second diaphragm plates are ring-shaped and the first and second injection devices are ring-tube-shaped, the ring diameter of the second diaphragm plate and the second injection device being larger than the ring diameter of the first diaphragm plate and the first injection device, and wherein the second aperture plate and the second injection device are spaced radially, with respect to the central longitudinal axis, from the first aperture plate and the first injection device.

In particular, the second aperture plate and the second injection device are arranged coaxially to the first aperture plate and the first injection device.

An advantage of this embodiment can be the two-stage combustion with an internal pilot stage, comprising the first injection device and the first orifice plate, and an external main stage, comprising the second injection device and the second orifice plate, whereby the injection devices can preferably inject the same or different fuels. Preferably, the two injection devices are connected to a respective assigned fuel supply in such a way that a volume flow, a pressure and/or a duration of the fuel supply to the respective injection device can be controlled or regulated independently of one another.

Optionally, an embodiment with a further stage can be favorable in that a higher volume of combustible mixture is provided.

In a possible embodiment of the invention it is provided that the first diaphragm plate comprises an inner circle plate or is connected to such. The inner circle plate is in particular arranged radially on the inside and/or at a distance from the first diaphragm plate and/or connected to it via webs.

The recirculation in the downstream area in front of the burner head can be adjusted by appropriately dimensioning the inner circular disk. In addition, the inner circular disk preferably acts as a heat shield against the fuel supply.

In one embodiment of the invention it is provided that the first orifice plate and the first injection device are arranged downstream or upstream of the second orifice plate and the second injection device with respect to the main flow direction.

An arrangement in which the first diaphragm plate and the first injection device are positioned downstream can be particularly advantageous, because this promotes opening or opening of the flow and reduces a pressure drop.

In one embodiment of the invention it is provided that the number of apertures first aperture plate and the second aperture plate is different.

In one embodiment of the invention it is provided that the and/or inner contour of the first aperture plate and the second aperture plate are different.

Both the different number of aperture openings and the different contours preferably ensure that the formation of vortex streets is prevented or the risk of their formation is minimized, which preferably simultaneously prevents periodic separation and associated oscillation of the combustion. Without such periodic replacement, the burnout is higher and therefore the exhaust air purification is better.

In one embodiment of the invention it is provided that the flame tube is arranged in a guide tube in such a way that a flow channel is formed between the flame tube and the guide tube, through which part of the oxidizer can flow.

The division of the oxidizer flow into a primary portion, which flows through the burner head and the flame tube, and a secondary portion, which flows through the annular flow channel between the guide tube and the flame tube, preferably accelerates the rapid mixing of the fuel and the oxidizer.

In a further possible embodiment of the invention, it can be provided that the swirl bodies touch the inside of the guide tube with their edges that are radial with respect to the central longitudinal axis.

This can offer the advantage that the secondary portion of the oxidizer, which flows through the annular flow channel formed between the guide tube and the flame tube, is completely twisted.

However, it is also conceivable that the swirl bodies do not reach as far as the inside of the first guide tube and so within the annular flow channel there is a non-twisted flow path, which runs essentially along the inside of the first guide tube, and a twisted flow path, which essentially runs along the Outside of the flame tube, this arises, whereby this preferably applies at least to the upstream entrance of the annular flow channel and / or where the paths are mixed preferably downstream due to the flow dynamics.

In a further possible embodiment of the invention, it can again be provided that the guide tube is arranged in a further, second guide tube or jacket tube in such a way that a second, annular flow channel is formed between the guide tube and the jacket tube, which is filled with a part of the secondary oxidizer portion can be flowed through.

This creates a flow of part of the secondary portion of the oxidizer in this second, annular flow channel, which is not twisted. The division into a wired and a non-wired secondary portion of the oxidizer preferably increases recirculation as a result.

In one embodiment of the invention it is provided that at least one bypass injection device for injecting fuel is arranged in the flow channel between the flame tube and the guide tube.

The bypass injection device mixes fuel with part of the oxidizer in the flow channel. The bypass injection thus increases combustion, whereby the fuel that is injected using the bypass injection device can be the same fuel as the fuel injected via the injection device or can also be a different fuel.

In one embodiment of the invention it is provided that at least one further swirl device for rotating the oxidizer is arranged in the flow channel between the flame tube and the guide tube.

This promotes the mixing of the fuel injected through the bypass injection device and the oxidizer portion flowing through the flow channel.

In one embodiment of the invention it is provided that the bypass injection device is arranged downstream of the at least one further swirl device with respect to the main flow direction.

As a result, the fuel from the bypass injection device is injected into the wired oxidizer portion, which leads to improved mixing.

In one embodiment of the invention it is provided that the oxidizer enters the flow channel at a speed of 50 m/s to 70 m/s, in particular 60 m/s.

In this way, a jet flow can advantageously be realized at the burner chamber inlet.

The object is further achieved according to the invention by using a burner device as described above. The burner device is used in particular for exhaust gas purification and/or exhaust air purification.

• Zuführen von Oxidator zu einem erfindungsgemäßen Brennerkopf zur Ausbildung mindestens eines Oxidatorstroms;
• Zuführen von Brennstoff zu einer Eindüsungsvorrichtung des Brennerkopfs; und Eindüsen des Brennstoffs mittels der Eindüsungsvorrichtung des Brennerkopfs in den mindestens einen Oxidatorstrom.

According to the invention, the object is further achieved by a method for operating a burner device, the method comprising the following steps:

• Supplying oxidizer to a burner head according to the invention to form at least one oxidizer stream;
• supplying fuel to an injector of the burner head; and injecting the fuel into the at least one oxidizer stream using the injection device of the burner head.

According to the invention, the object can further be achieved by a combustion chamber system with at least one combustion chamber and with at least one burner device as described above, the burner device being connected on its outer circumference to a bottom of the combustion chamber device.

In one embodiment of the invention it is provided that the burner device is inserted into the combustion chamber and is fastened outside the combustion chamber, with a flow channel being formed between the outer circumference of the burner device and the combustion chamber, through which part of the oxidizer can flow.

As a result, particularly in a burner device with a guide tube, part of the oxidizer flows through the flow channel between the flame tube and the guide tube and on the other hand through the annular gap between the guide tube and the corresponding insertion area of the combustion chamber device. This annular gap can be designed asymmetrically as a result of manufacturing tolerances or due to thermal deformation. By providing a guide tube, a symmetrical flow from the flame tube to the opening of the combustion chamber device still prevails.

According to the invention, the object can also be achieved by a thermal exhaust gas purification system with a burner device as described above.

Further preferred features and/or advantages of the invention are the subject of the following description and the graphic representation of exemplary embodiments.

• 1 eine schematische perspektivische Darstellung einer Ausführungsform einer Brennervorrichtung im Zusammenwirken mit einer Basiseinheit befestigt an einer Halterung;
• 2 eine schematische perspektivische Darstellung einer Ausführungsform einer Brennervorrichtung;
• 3 eine schematische perspektivische Schnittdarstellung der Ausführungsform aus 2;
• 4a eine erste schematische perspektivische Darstellung einer Ausführungsform eines Brennerkopfes;
• 4b eine zweite schematische perspektivische Darstellung der Ausführungsform eines Brennerkopfes;
• 4c eine dritte schematische perspektivische Darstellung der Ausführungsform eines Brennerkopfes;
• 5 eine schematische perspektivische Darstellung einer Ausführungsform einer ersten und einer zweiten Blendenplatte;
• 6 eine schematische perspektivische Schnittdarstellung eines Abschnitts der Ausführungsform eines Brennerkopfes aus 4a;
• 7 eine schematische Darstellung der Strömung zwischen einer Eindüsungsvorrichtung und einer Blendenplatte;
• 8a eine schematische Schnittdarstellung einer ersten Ausführungsform einer Eindüsungsvorrichtung;
• 8b eine schematische Schnittdarstellung einer zweiten Ausführungsform einer Eindüsungsvorrichtung;
• 8c eine schematische Schnittdarstellung einer dritten Ausführungsform einer Eindüsungsvorrichtung;
• 8d eine schematische Schnittdarstellung einer vierten Ausführungsform einer Eindüsungsvorrichtung;
• 9 eine schematische Schnittdarstellung einer fünften Ausführungsform einer Eindüsungsvorrichtung;
• 10a eine schematische Draufsicht auf eine sechste Ausführungsform einer Eindüsungsvorrichtung; und
• 10b eine schematische Draufsicht auf eine siebte Ausführungsform einer Eindüsungsvorrichtung.

Show in the figures:

• 1 a schematic perspective view of an embodiment of a burner device in cooperation with a base unit attached to a holder;
• 2 a schematic perspective view of an embodiment of a burner device;
• 3 a schematic perspective sectional view of the embodiment 2 ;
• 4a a first schematic perspective view of an embodiment of a burner head;
• 4b a second schematic perspective view of the embodiment of a burner head;
• 4c a third schematic perspective view of the embodiment of a burner head;
• 5 a schematic perspective view of an embodiment of a first and a second aperture plate;
• 6 a schematic perspective sectional view of a section of the embodiment of a burner head 4a ;
• 7 a schematic representation of the flow between an injection device and an orifice plate;
• 8a a schematic sectional view of a first embodiment of an injection device;
• 8b a schematic sectional view of a second embodiment of an injection device;
• 8c a schematic sectional view of a third embodiment of an injection device;
• 8d a schematic sectional view of a fourth embodiment of an injection device;
• 9 a schematic sectional view of a fifth embodiment of an injection device;
• 10a a schematic top view of a sixth embodiment of an injection device; and
• 10b a schematic top view of a seventh embodiment of an injection device.

Identical or functionally equivalent elements are provided with the same reference numbers in all figures.

In 1 a burner device 100 according to the invention is shown, which is arranged in the direction of flow in front of a base unit 200, which itself is fastened to and/or by means of a holder 300.

One in 2 The burner device shown, designated as a whole by 100, is used to burn at least one fuel with at least one oxidizer.

The burner device 100 is essentially rotationally symmetrical about a central longitudinal axis 102, with a main flow direction 104 running at least approximately parallel to the central longitudinal axis 102. Based on the representation of the burner device 100 in 2 the main flow direction 104 is directed from left to right.

The burner device 100 includes a flame tube 106, a burner head 108 and a guide tube 110. The burner head 108 is arranged in the flame tube 106 such that the flame tube 106 projects beyond the burner head 108 downstream.

The flame tube 106 has a diffuser 112 at its downstream end. The diffuser 112 is characterized by a constant cross-sectional expansion, for example at least approximately 15°, preferably at least approximately 25°, and/or at most approximately 60°, in particular at most approximately 45°.

The flame tube 106 is in the guide tube 110, which is in order to make the elements underneath visible 2 is shown transparently, arranged, wherein the guide tube 110 is shorter in the direction of the central longitudinal axis 102 than the flame tube 106.

An annular flow channel 114 is formed between the flame tube 106 and the guide tube 110, into which a bypass injection device can optionally inject fuel in order to mix it with the oxidizer component flowing through.

The burner head 108 comprises a first aperture plate 116, a second aperture plate 118, a first injection device 120, a second injection device 122, a swirl device 123 with a plurality of swirl bodies in the form of swirl plates 124 and a central hollow body 126, which is in 2 is not completely visible.

Further details regarding the burner head 108 are provided below with reference to 3 as well as 4a until 4c described.

The swirl plates 124 extend from the central hollow body 126 through slot-shaped openings 128 in the flame tube 106 to the inside of the guide tube 110. In addition, the swirl plates each have a projection 130 on their upstream edges, which adjoins the inside of the guide tube 110.

These projections 130 on the swirl plates 124, which can also be referred to as fins, are intended to apply variable heights to the area through which the flow passes, i.e. the annular flow channel 114, i.e. the flame height in the main flow direction 104 should be influenced in order to reinforce the enveloping hot zone .

A primary portion of the oxidizer, e.g. primary air, flows through the flame tube 106 and the burner head 108. A secondary portion of the oxidizer, for example secondary air, flows through the annular flow channel 114.

The secondary portion of the oxidizer, which flows through the annular flow channel 114, is twisted by the section of the swirl plates 124 located in the annular flow channel 114 and is directed or opened outwards by the shape of the diffuser 112, i.e. away from the central longitudinal axis 102.

This opening directly at the downstream end of the burner device 100 causes rapid homogenization of the combustion mixture and, in addition, lateral cold strands in the main flow downstream of the burner device 100 are preferably prevented.

The interaction of the diffuser 112 with the swirl plates 124 results in less twisting, i.e. H. a smaller angle of inclination of the swirl plates 124 is necessary, which leads to a lower pressure loss.

Not shown in 1 is an optional casing tube that surrounds the guide tube 110. An annular flow channel is also formed between the guide tube 110 and the casing tube, although no swirl plates are arranged in this second annular flow channel. Rather, the part of the secondary portion of the oxidizer which flows through this second annular stream flows through the ventilation channel, not twisted. A division of the secondary portion of the oxidizer into a twisted portion and a non-twisted portion serves to increase recirculation.

It is also conceivable to inject volatile organic compounds (volatile organic compounds, VOC for short) between the flame tube 106 and the guide tube 110 and/or between the guide tube 110 and the casing tube.

3 shows a longitudinal section of the burner device 100 2 .

In 3 It can be seen that the first injection device 120 and the second injection device 122 are ring tubes, each of which has a plurality of injection openings 132, these injection openings 132 pointing in the main flow direction 104, for example.

Furthermore, the first injection device 120 and the second injection device 122 are supplied by fuel supply lines 134.

The second diaphragm plate 118 has prongs 136 on its outer contour, which touch the inside of the flame tube 106.

4a shows the burner head 108 2 .

Each of the swirl plates 124 has on its downstream edge, i.e. in the 4a on the edge pointing to the right, a receptacle 138 for the first and second injection devices 120, 122.

The first injection device 120 is arranged between the swirl plates 124 and the first aperture plate 116 in the corresponding receptacles 138 of the swirl plates 124 and the second injection device 122 is arranged between the swirl plates 124 and the second aperture plate 118 in the corresponding receptacles 138 of the swirl plates 124.

The first injection device 120 can also be referred to as the pilot stage and the second injection device 122 as the main stage.

The advantage of generating a swirl or twisting the oxidizer close to the injection is a minimization of pressure losses, which in turn leads to lower emissions. In other words, by combining the swirl plates with the injection devices 120, 122, the speed of the oxidizer can be used directly by means of a single deflection, which enables a more compact design.

It is advantageous if the first injection device 120 is arranged along the central longitudinal axis 102 downstream of the second injection device 122, i.e. the first injection device 120 or pilot stage is upstream of the second injection device 122. As a result, the radial opening of the flow is promoted and the pressure drop is further reduced.

It is also conceivable that downstream of the first injection device 120 a body protruding into the combustion chamber of the flame tube 106 adjoins the inner circular disk 142, preferably a truncated cone-shaped body whose side with the smaller diameter points upstream. This additional truncated cone-shaped body further promotes the radial expansion or redirection of the flow. In addition, such a body reduces the recirculation at the outlet of the burner head 108 or blocks part of the recirculation area, whereby the burner flame merging at the first and second injection devices 120, 122 is suppressed.

The first aperture plate 116 and the second aperture plate 118 are each attached and releasably fastened to the first injection device 120 and to the second injection device 122 by means of a plurality of connections 140, preferably with screw connections.

In 4b and especially in 4c As a top view of the burner head 108, the shape and design of the first aperture plate 116 and the second aperture plate 118 in a particularly preferred embodiment as well as their arrangement above the first injection device 120 and the second injection device 122 can be seen. Both the first aperture plate 116 and the second aperture plate 118 are essentially designed as circular rings.

The combination of second aperture plate 118 and second injection device 122 has a larger diameter than the combination of first aperture plate 116 and first injection device 120. In addition, both combinations are arranged radially spaced apart from one another and/or aligned coaxially with one another.

With respect to the first diaphragm plate 116, arranged radially on the inside and on the same plane is preferably an inner circular disk 142, which is connected to the first diaphragm plate 116 via several webs 144, preferably via eight webs 144.

The inner circular disk 142 in its central position preferably serves as a heat shield with respect to the fuel supply in the recirculation area.

The first aperture plate 116 and the second aperture plate 118 each include a plurality of first aperture openings 146, which are, for example, circular, and a plurality of second, geometrically different aperture openings 148, which are, for example, elongated hole-shaped. The circular aperture openings 146 and the slot-shaped aperture openings 148 are preferably arranged alternately along the circumference of the aperture plates 116, 118.

The aperture area of the circular aperture openings 146 is smaller than that of the slot-shaped aperture openings 148.

Due to the different sizes of the aperture surfaces of the aperture openings 146, 148, small and large flames and correspondingly hot and colder zones are generated. This can offer the advantage of drastically reducing methane levels in the combustion chamber.

Especially with a view to 4c It follows that, for example, the elongated hole-shaped aperture openings 148 each extend over two injection openings 132, whereas the circular aperture openings 146 are each arranged over only one injection opening 132.

In addition, the injection openings 132 of the circular aperture openings 146 are centered relative to them, whereas the injection openings 132 of the elongated hole-shaped aperture openings are preferably offset radially outwards with respect to the longitudinal axis of the elongated hole-shaped aperture openings, since the bending radius of the respective injection device 120, 122 is larger than the bending radius of the associated slot-shaped aperture openings 148. The latter ensures that the combustion in the outer region of the burner device 100 is stabilized.

Due to the different number of effective injection openings 132 of the circular and slot-shaped aperture openings 146, 148, two different combustion conditions occur within the aperture plates 116, 118. A richer combustion occurs at the circular aperture openings 146, while leaner combustion occurs at the slot-shaped aperture openings 148, with the leaner combustion being stabilized by the richer one.

The orifice plates 116, 118 promote recirculation by accelerating the oxidizer near the injectors 120, 122, resulting in greater mixing of the oxidizer and fuel. The increased mixing enables combustion at a lower temperature, resulting in lower NOx emissions. Combustion near the orifice plates 116, 118 stabilizes volume combustion.

The 5 It can be seen that the second aperture plate 118 has serrations 136 along its outer contour or its outer circumference and angular bulges 150 along its inner contour or its inner circumference. In addition, when the second cover plate 118 is uninstalled, the holes 152 for the screws of the connection 140 are visible in the area of some of the prongs 136.

The first aperture plate 116, on the other hand, has round indentations 154 along its outer contour or its outer circumference.

Furthermore, it should be noted that the number of circular and slot-shaped aperture openings 146, 148 in the first and second aperture plates 116, 118 is different.

The differences in the outer and inner contours as well as the number of aperture openings 146, 148 ensure that no vortex streets are created and there are no periodic separations, which can lead to oscillations in combustion. This results in higher burnout and therefore improved exhaust air purification.

With the representations of the 6 and 7 It should be clarified once again that with the help of the width of the elongated hole-shaped aperture openings 148 and the width of an elongated hole inner web 156, which runs essentially parallel to an elongated hole outer web 158, the supply of the oxidizer can be adjusted, which means that the emission can be influenced at the same time. In this way, an enveloping hot zone located radially on the outside can be deliberately created, which increases the burnout overall. Such an adjustment of the widths should preferably only be carried out on the second aperture plate 118.

In 7 In this regard, a hot flow path 160 is indicated, which arises from the fact that the space between the elongated hole outer web 158 and the second injection device 122 is small and therefore less oxidizer can flow around the second injection device 122 on the left. The situation is different on the right side of the injection device, ie on the side of the elongated hole inner web 156, where there is more space for the flow, so that a larger proportion of oxidizer passes through here can flow, which is indicated by the two cold flow paths 162a, 162b. As a result, an enveloping hot zone forms on the outside.

In the 8a until 8d Different embodiments of the injection devices 120, 122 or the injection openings 132 as well as further options for additional injection are presented.

In the 8a until 8d the main flow direction 104 runs from bottom to top in the image plane.

While in 8a the central axis of the injection opening 132 points in the direction of the main flow direction 104 8b an embodiment with a first injection opening 132 in the main flow direction and an additional second injection opening 164, which forms an angle with the main flow direction 104 that is less than 90 °. The second injection opening 164 preferably sprays fuel radially outwards with respect to the central longitudinal axis 102. This can create additional hot combustion areas. In addition, an additional radially outwardly directed injection improves mixing; a locally premixed combustion occurs.

Furthermore, the mixing can be controlled in that the injection opening 132 is inclined relative to the main flow direction 104, i.e. forms an angle with it, as in 8c shown.

An embodiment is also possible in which an injection nozzle 166 or injection lances is arranged on the injection opening 132, the inner cross section of which tapers, for example, with respect to the main flow direction 104, whereby the flow velocity of the outflowing fuel is increased and a higher or faster mixing occurs .

In 9 a further embodiment of an injection device 120, 122 is shown. The illustration shows a section of an injection device 120, 122, which is wave-shaped or zigzag-shaped in a plane perpendicular to the central longitudinal axis 102, which runs from bottom to top in the image plane. The flame height of defined areas in the main flow direction 104 can be adjusted via the waveform.

In the 10a and 10b Further exemplary embodiments of an injection device 120, 122 are shown.

In 10a the pipe ring shape has been expanded to include a fluidically connected inner pipe cross 168, which also has an injection opening 132.

Alternatively, an injection device 120, 122 can also be designed as a four-pointed star, like that 10b can be seen.

Reference symbols

100

Burner device

102

central longitudinal axis

104

Main flow direction

106

flame tube

108

burner head

110

guide tube

112

diffuser

114

first annular flow channel

116

first aperture plate

118

second aperture plate

120

first injection device

122

second injection device

123

Swirl device

124

Swirl plates

126

central hollow body

128

slot-shaped opening

130

head Start

132

(first) injection opening

134

Fuel supply line

136

Pink

138

Recording

140

Connection

142

Inner circular disk

144

web

146

first (circular) aperture

148

second (elongated hole-shaped) aperture opening

150

angular bulge

152

drilling

154

round indentation

156

Elongated inner bridge

158

Elongated hole outer bridge

160

hot flow path

162

cold flow path

164

second injection opening

166

Injection nozzle

168

Fluidically connected inner tube cross

200

Base unit

300

bracket

Claims (26)

Burner device (100) for combustion of at least one fuel with at least one oxidizer, wherein the burner device (100) has a central longitudinal axis (102) and a main flow direction (104) that is at least approximately parallel to the central longitudinal axis, and wherein the burner device (100) comprises the following : - a burner head (108) for supplying fuel and/or oxidizer to a combustion chamber, and - a flame tube (106) in which the burner head (108) is arranged, the burner head (108) comprising the following: - at least one injection device (120, 122) with several injection openings (132, 164) for injecting fuel, and - at least one aperture plate (116, 118) with a plurality of aperture openings (146, 148) for fuel and/or oxidizer, the at least one aperture plate (116, 118) being downstream of the at least one injection device (120, 122) with respect to the main flow direction (104). is arranged; and or wherein the at least one aperture plate (116, 118) comprises a plurality of differently designed aperture openings (146, 148); and or wherein the at least one injection device (120, 122) comprises a plurality of differently designed injection openings (132, 164). Burner device (100). Claim 1 , characterized in that the burner head (108) further comprises at least one swirl device (123) for swirling the fuel and/or oxidizer supplied through the burner head (108), which is at least partially upstream of the at least one injection device (120) with respect to the main flow direction (104). , 122) is arranged. Burner device (100). Claim 2 , characterized in that the at least one swirl device (123) is connected to the at least one injection device (120, 122) or has a distance from the at least one injection device (120, 122), which is constant or variably adjustable. Burner device (100). Claim 2 or 3 , characterized in that the swirl device (123) comprises a plurality of swirl bodies (124), which are each inclined about a radial axis, relative to the central longitudinal axis (102), in order to swirl the fuel and/or oxidizer flowing through relative to the main flow direction (104). . Burner device (100) according to one of the Claims 1 until 4 , characterized in that the flame tube (106) forms at least one diffuser (112) at its downstream end with respect to the main flow direction (104). Burner device (100). Claim 5 , characterized in that the diffuser (112) has a continuous cross-sectional expansion downstream with respect to the main flow direction (104). Burner device (100) according to one of the Claims 1 until 6 , characterized in that the at least one injection device (120, 122) has first injection openings (132), the central axes of which point at least approximately in the main flow direction (104). Burner device (100) according to one of the Claims 1 until 7 , characterized in that at least one of the first injection openings (132) has an injection nozzle (166) which projects in the main flow direction (104). Burner device (100) according to one of the Claims 1 until 8th , characterized in that the at least one injection device (120, 122) has second injection openings (164), the central axes of which each form an angle between 0 degrees and 90 degrees with the main flow direction (104). Burner device (100). Claim 9 , characterized in that the first injection openings (132) and the second injection openings (164) can be controlled independently of one another. Burner device (100) according to one of the Claims 1 until 10 , characterized in that the at least one injection device (120, 122) is a pipe ring, a star-shaped, closed pipe arrangement, a pipe ring with a fluidically connected, internal pipe cross (168) or a pipe cross. Burner device (100) according to one of the Claims 1 until 11 , characterized in that the at least one aperture plate (116, 118) first aperture openings (146) and second aperture openings (148) and that the first aperture openings (146) are circular aperture openings and that the second aperture openings (148) are elliptical, slotted or kidney-shaped aperture openings. Burner device (100). Claim 12 , characterized in that the second aperture openings (148) are at least partially covered with respect to the main flow direction (104) downstream of the at least one aperture plate (116, 118), the degree of coverage being adjustable. Burner device (100). Claim 12 or 13 , characterized in that fuel can be fed into the combustion chamber from one of the injection openings (132, 164) through the first aperture openings (146), and fuel can be fed from two of the injection openings (132, 164) through the second aperture openings (148). can be fed into the combustion chamber and that the two injection openings (132, 164), which feed fuel into the combustion chamber through a second aperture opening (148), are radial relative to a longitudinal central axis of the elongated hole-shaped aperture opening (148), relative to the central longitudinal axis (102). , are offset. Burner device (100) according to one of the Claims 1 until 14 , characterized in that a diverter body for the radial discharge of the fuel and/or oxidizer is arranged downstream substantially centrally on the at least one diaphragm plate (116) with respect to the main flow direction (104). Burner device (100) according to one of the Claims 1 until 15 , characterized in that the burner head has a first orifice plate (116), a second orifice plate (118), a first injection device (120) and a second injection device (122) and that the first and second orifice plates (116, 118) are annular and the first and second injection devices (120, 122) are ring-tube-shaped, that the ring diameter of the second orifice plate (118) and the second injection device (122) is larger than the ring diameter of the first orifice plate (116) and the first injection device (120) and that the second aperture plate (118) and the second injection device (122) are spaced radially, based on the central longitudinal axis (102), from the first aperture plate (116) and the first injection device (120). Burner device (100) according to one of the Claims 1 until 16 , characterized in that the flame tube (106) is arranged in a guide tube (110) in such a way that a flow channel (114) is formed between the flame tube (106) and the guide tube (110), through which part of the oxidizer can flow. Burner device (100). Claim 17 , characterized in that at least one bypass injection device for injecting fuel is arranged in the flow channel (114) between the flame tube (106) and the guide tube (110). Burner device (100). Claim 17 or 18 , characterized in that at least one further swirl device for swirling the oxidizer is arranged in the flow channel (114) between the flame tube (106) and the guide tube (110). Burner device (100). Claim 19 , characterized in that the bypass injection device is arranged downstream of the at least one further swirl device with respect to the main flow direction (104). Burner device (100) according to one of the Claims 17 until 20 , characterized in that the oxidizer enters the flow channel (114) at a speed of 50 m/s to 70 m/s, in particular 60 m/s. Use of a burner device (100) according to one of Claims 1 until 21 for combustion of at least one fuel with at least one oxidizer. Method for operating a burner device (100) according to one of Claims 1 until 22 , comprising the following steps: supplying oxidizer to a burner head (108) to form at least one oxidizer stream; supplying fuel to an injection device (120, 122) of the burner head (108); and injecting the fuel into the at least one oxidizer stream using the injection device (120, 122) of the burner head (108). Combustion chamber system with at least one combustion chamber and at least one burner device (100) according to one of Claims 1 until 22 , wherein the burner device (100) is connected on its outer circumference to a bottom of the combustion chamber. Combustion chamber system with at least one combustion chamber and at least one burner device (100) according to one of Claims 1 until 22 , wherein the burner device (100) is inserted into the combustion chamber and is attached outside the combustion chamber, between the outside A flow channel is formed around the circumference of the burner device (100) and the combustion chamber, through which part of the oxidizer can flow. Thermal exhaust gas purification system with a burner device (100) according to one of Claims 1 until 22 .

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