DE102021003697A1 - Bank note with a bank note substrate and a security element, as well as method for checking a bank note - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to banknotes (1) with a banknote substrate (2) and a security element (3), the banknote substrate (2) having a first security component (12) and the security element (3) having a second security component (13), the first safety component (12) is designed to emit a first characteristic signal (14) outside the visible wavelength range of electromagnetic radiation when excited by electromagnetic radiation, and the second safety component (13) is designed to emit a second characteristic signal (15 ) outside the visible wavelength range of the electromagnetic radiation, wherein the bank note (1) is designed to provide a third characteristic signal (16) by combining the first characteristic signal (14) and the second characteristic signal (15).

Description

The invention relates to a banknote with a banknote substrate and a security element. The banknote substrate has a first security component and the security element has a second security component. The first safety component is designed to emit a first characteristic signal outside the visible wavelength range of the electromagnetic radiation when excited with electromagnetic radiation, and the second safety component is designed to emit a second characteristic signal outside the visible wavelength range that differs from the first characteristic signal when excited with electromagnetic radiation to emit electromagnetic radiation. Furthermore, the banknote is designed to emit a third characteristic signal, which is different from the first characteristic signal and the second characteristic signal, by superimposing the first characteristic signal and the second characteristic signal.

Bank notes with security elements are known. Banknotes are documents that serve as a means of payment in a specific country or currency area, are issued by an authorized institution and are denominated in a round nominal value of a currency unit. Security elements make counterfeiting or unauthorized circulation of banknotes more difficult. Security elements are usually glued onto the substrate of a banknote and are designed as foil security elements, for example holograms, or security threads.

Security elements can be detached from the substrate by counterfeiters and applied to an unauthorized substrate. This procedure is also referred to by the English term harvesting.

The forgery composed in this way has hitherto often not been recognized as such by people, although the security element was applied to a forged substrate.

Machines are generally not able to recognize this forgery either, since film strips have not usually carried any machine-readable features to date. The evaluation area around the foil strip is therefore usually left out in a machine evaluation.

A system in which the authenticity is confirmed by machine when a genuine film is applied or attached to a genuine substrate is not known to date.

The object of the invention is to create a banknote with a security element that is designed to be more secure and to create a method with which the banknote can be checked more securely.

According to the invention, this object is achieved by a banknote and a method having the features according to the respective independent claims. Advantageous embodiments of the invention are the subject matter of the dependent claims.

A banknote according to the invention has a banknote substrate with a security element. The banknote substrate has a first security component, in particular over the entire surface, and the security element has a second security component, in particular only in certain areas. In particular, the first security component is only formed in the banknote substrate. Furthermore, in particular, the second security component is formed only in the security element. The first safety component is designed to emit a first characteristic signal outside the visible wavelength range of the electromagnetic radiation when excited with electromagnetic radiation, in particular lying outside the visible wavelength range, and the second safety component is designed, if excited with electromagnetic radiation lying in particular outside the visible wavelength range, electromagnetic radiation, to emit a second characteristic signal, in particular different from the first characteristic signal, outside the visible wavelength range of the electromagnetic radiation. Furthermore, the banknote is designed to provide a third characteristic signal by combining the first characteristic signal and the second characteristic signal.

The invention is based on the knowledge that reliable protection against counterfeiting can be created by the divided arrangement of the security components in the banknote substrate and in the security element together with the provision, in particular superimposition, of the signals.

The basic idea is that the two security components interact and only if the joint effect is present, i.e. the third characteristic signal is present, because the banknote substrate and the security element are connected to one another as intended and the first signal and the second signal complement each other, in particular superimpose a non-manipulated banknote can be assumed.

The separate, improper use of bank note substrate and security element, as is practiced for example in harvesting, is thus made significantly more difficult by the bank note according to the invention.

The first characteristic signal and/or the second characteristic signal and/or the third characteristic signal is designed in particular as a spectral signature. I.e. the characteristic signals are formed in particular by absorption and/or reflection of selected spectral ranges.

The combination of the first characteristic signal and the second characteristic signal, which leads to the third characteristic signal, is in particular the absorbing spectral range or reflecting spectral range taken together from the first characteristic signal and from the second characteristic signal.

In particular, the first characteristic signal and the second characteristic signal are designed differently. The different spectral signatures can then be used, for example, to determine whether the respective characteristic signal is present.

In a further embodiment, it can also be the case that the first characteristic signal and the second characteristic signal are of the same design. It can then be determined, for example via the detected intensity value, whether the respective characteristic signal is present.

In particular, the security components are arranged one above the other. This means that a straight line aligned perpendicular to the main surface of the bank note runs through the first security component and the second security component.

In addition or as an alternative, the first security component and the second security component can also be arranged next to one another. Furthermore, the first security component and the second security component can be arranged next to one another without overlapping.

Furthermore, the first security component and the second security component can be arranged at least partially overlapping.

The first security component can be embodied in the bank note substrate over the entire surface or also only over part of the surface.

The second security component can be formed in the security element over the entire surface or also only over part of the surface.

Provision is preferably made for the security element to be in the form of a security film element and to be connected to the banknote substrate by an adhesive connection. The security film element has a film which, for example, performs a carrier function. The structure of the security film element can, for example, be such that at least one adhesive layer, an optically variable layer, a film layer and/or an ink acceptance layer are included. The second security component can be reliably formed in the security film element.

Furthermore, it is preferably provided that the security element is designed as a security thread and the security thread is applied to the banknote substrate. The structure of the security thread can be multi-layered, for example. The second security component can be reliably formed in the security thread.

Furthermore, it is preferably provided that the security element has a security lacquer and the second security component is formed, in particular only, in the security lacquer. The security lacquer can be designed, for example, as a protective lacquer, which is designed on an outside of the bank note and is virtually the last or outermost layer of the bank note. The protective lacquer can also be applied to an external surface of the security element in order to protect the security element. If the security element is then improperly detached from the banknote substrate, the protective lacquer which is applied to the security element also remains on the security element. If the second security component is then no longer superimposed on the first security component after the improper removal, this can be proven by the missing or falsified third signal.

Furthermore, it is preferably provided that the characteristic signals are in the form of infrared radiation, in particular in the wavelength range from 800 nm to 1200 nm. Infrared radiation has the advantage that it is supported by many existing sensors for testing.

Furthermore, it is preferably provided that the characteristic signals are in the form of UV radiation, in particular in the wavelength range from 300 nm to 400 nm. The advantage is that the UV radiation (UV = ultraviolet) is not visible to the human eye and is therefore a hidden security feature.

Furthermore, it is preferably provided that the characteristic signals are in the form of terahertz radiation, in particular from 0.3 THz to 6 THz. The characteristic signals are preferably generated by active irradiation with terahertz radiation.

Furthermore, it is preferably provided that the second security component is integrated into the security element. Integrated means that the second security element is embedded in the security element in a completely enclosed manner. As a result, the second security component can only be separated from the security element with difficulty without irreparably destroying the security element. The banknote can thereby be made more secure.

Furthermore, it is preferably provided that the banknote substrate has an adhesion-promoting layer and the first security component is formed in the adhesion-promoting layer. The adhesion promoting layer can also be referred to as a primer. The adhesion promoter layer includes, in particular consists of, substances that create a close physical or mostly chemical bond at an interface of immiscible substances. Thereby, the bill substrate can be more securely formed with the first security component. Furthermore, the banknote can be made more secure by forming the adhesion promoter layer as a thin film, so that it is destroyed or damaged when the security element is detached. The first security component would then also be destroyed or damaged, and the banknote substrate can no longer be reused so easily by a counterfeiter.

The first security component is preferably formed in the adhesion-promoting layer over the entire surface.

However, the banknote, in particular the banknote substrate, can also be designed without an adhesion-promoting layer.

Furthermore, it is preferably provided that the first security component is formed superficially on the back side of the banknote substrate that faces away from the security element. In particular, it is provided that the first security component is formed by means of a reverse side line on the banknote substrate. The first security component can be easily applied to the banknote substrate due to the coating on the reverse side. The first signal can then penetrate through the banknote substrate and interfere with the second signal on the other side of the banknote substrate.

Furthermore, it is preferably provided that the first security component is embedded, in particular completely, in the banknote substrate. The first security component is preferably designed as a separate layer of the banknote substrate, for example in addition to a cotton layer or polymer layer.

Furthermore, it is preferably provided that the first security component is only partially formed on and/or in the banknote substrate. Due to the partial formation on and/or in the banknote substrate, the first security component can be connected to the banknote substrate more easily. Furthermore, the first security component can be attached to the bank note substrate in such a way that it detaches if the bank note is marupled or the security element is removed. The banknote can thereby be made more secure.

Provision is also preferably made for the banknote to have an additional security component which, when excited by electromagnetic radiation, is designed to emit an additional characteristic signal, with the banknote being designed to generate the third characteristic signal by superimposing the first characteristic signal, the second characteristic signal and deliver the additional characteristic signal. The bank note can be made even more secure by the additional security component. The additional characteristic signal is preferably emitted in the infrared spectral range.

• - Anregen der ersten Sicherheitskomponente mit elektromagnetischer Strahlung, insbesondere mit Infrarotstrahlung, und als Folge Abgeben eines ersten charakteristischen Signals außerhalb des sichtbaren Wellenlängenbereichs der elektromagnetischen Strahlung, insbesondere innerhalb des infraroten Wellenlängenbereichs;
• - Anregen der zweiten Sicherheitskomponente mit elektromagnetischer Strahlung, insbesondere mit Infrarotstrahlung, und als Folge Abgeben eines zweiten charakteristischen Signals außerhalb des sichtbaren Wellenlängenbereichs der elektromagnetischen Strahlung, insbesondere innerhalb des infraroten Wellenlängenbereichs;
• - Empfangen eines dritten charakteristischen Signals, welches durch Kombination, insbesondere Überlagerung, des ersten charakteristischen Signals und des zweiten charakteristischen Signals gebildet wird, insbesondere innerhalb des infraroten Wellenlängenbereichs, durch eine banknotenexterne Prüfvorrichtung; und
• - Prüfen der Banknote anhand des empfangenen dritten charakteristischen Signals.

The invention also relates to a method. In the method according to the invention, a bank note with a bank note substrate and a security element is checked. The banknote substrate has a first security component and the security element has a second security component. In particular, the first security component is only formed in the banknote substrate. Furthermore, in particular, the second security component is formed only in the security element. The following steps are carried out:

• - Exciting the first security component with electromagnetic radiation, in particular with infrared radiation, and as a result emitting a first characteristic signal outside the visible wavelength range of the electromagnetic radiation, in particular within the infrared wavelength range;
• - Stimulating the second security component with electromagnetic radiation, in particular those with infrared radiation, and as a result emitting a second characteristic signal outside the visible wavelength range of the electromagnetic radiation, in particular within the infrared wavelength range;
• - receiving a third characteristic signal, which is formed by combining, in particular superimposing, the first characteristic signal and the second characteristic signal, in particular within the infrared wavelength range, by a banknote-external checking device; and
• - Checking the banknote based on the received third characteristic signal.

Provision is preferably made for the security components to be excited with radiation outside the visible wavelength range, in particular with infrared radiation.

In addition, provision can also be made for the security components to be excited with a number of different frequency bands outside the visible wavelength range, in particular in the infrared wavelength range.

The preferred embodiments presented with reference to the banknote according to the invention and their advantages apply correspondingly to the method according to the invention for checking a banknote and vice versa.

Further features of the invention result from the claims, the figures and the description of the figures.

Exemplary embodiments of the invention are explained in more detail below with the aid of schematic drawings.

• 1 eine schematische Darstellung eines Ausführungsbeispiels einer erfindungsgemäßen Banknote mit einem Banknotensubstrat und einem Sicherheitselement, wobei das Banknotensubstrat eine erste Sicherheitskomponente aufweist und das Sicherheitselement eine zweite Sicherheitskomponente aufweist;
• 2 eine schematische Darstellung eines weiteren Ausführungsbeispiels der Banknote, wobei des Banknotensubstrat eine Haftvermittlungsschicht aufweist und die erste Sicherheitskomponente in der Haftvermittlungsschicht ausgebildet ist;
• 3 eine schematische Detaildarstellung eines Ausführungsbeispiels des Sicherheitselements;
• 4 eine schematische Detaildarstellung eines Ausführungsbeispiels des Banknotensubstrats und des Sicherheitselements;
• 5 eine schematische Detaildarstellung eines weiteren Ausführungsbeispiels des Banknotensubstrats und des Sicherheitselements;
• 6 eine schematische Detaildarstellung eines weiteren Ausführungsbeispiels des Banknotensubstrats und des Sicherheitselements;
• 7 eine schematische Schnittdarstellung eines Ausführungsbeispiels der Banknote; und
• 8 eine schematische Darstellung eines weiteren Ausführungsbeispiels der Banknote.

show:

• 1 a schematic representation of an embodiment of a bank note according to the invention with a bank note substrate and a security element, wherein the bank note substrate has a first security component and the security element has a second security component;
• 2 a schematic representation of a further exemplary embodiment of the banknote, the banknote substrate having an adhesion-promoting layer and the first security component being formed in the adhesion-promoting layer;
• 3 a schematic detailed representation of an embodiment of the security element;
• 4 a schematic detailed representation of an embodiment of the banknote substrate and the security element;
• 5 a schematic detailed representation of a further exemplary embodiment of the banknote substrate and the security element;
• 6 a schematic detailed representation of a further exemplary embodiment of the banknote substrate and the security element;
• 7 a schematic sectional view of an exemplary embodiment of the bank note; and
• 8th a schematic representation of a further exemplary embodiment of the bank note.

Elements that are the same or have the same function are provided with the same reference symbols in the figures.

1 1 schematically shows an exemplary embodiment of a bank note 1. The bank note 1 has a bank note substrate 2 and at least one security element 3. FIG.

According to the exemplary embodiment, the banknote substrate 2 is designed as a cotton substrate. Alternatively, the banknote substrate 2 can also be designed as a polymer substrate.

According to the exemplary embodiment, the security element 3 is designed as a foil patch 4 , security thread 5 and/or foil strip 6 . The bank note 1 can therefore also have a number of security elements 3 .

The film patch 4 can have a multilayer structure and has a patch window area 7 .

The security thread 5 can be designed as a window security thread and then have thread windows 8, for example.

The film strip 6 extends, for example, over the entire short side of the rectangular bank note 1. The film strip 6 can also have a strip window area 9.

The bank note 1 can also have security features such as a watermark 10 and/or a printing element 11 .

The bank note substrate 2 has a first security component 12 . The first security component 12 can, for example, in particular completely, in the banknote substrate 2 and/or be formed on the banknote substrate 2, in particular irreversibly.

The security element 3 has a second security component 13 . The second security component 13 can be formed, for example, in particular completely, in the security element 3 and/or, in particular only removable by destruction, on the security element 3 .

In particular, the bank note 1 has a number of first security components 12 and/or a number of second security components 13 .

The first security component 12 and the second security component 13 can be arranged next to one another. The distance between the security components 12, 13 is preferably dependent on a resolution of a sensor, in particular a multispectral sensor, which detects the first signal 14 and the second signal 15. The distance is then preferably smaller than the minimum resolution of the sensor, so that both security components 12, 13 can be recorded with the same sensor element or array element of the sensor.

The first security component 12 and the second security component 13 can be arranged next to one another without overlapping.

The first security component 12 and the second security component 13 can be arranged at least partially overlapping.

In particular, the first security component 12 and the second security component 13 are arranged one above the other.

The first security component 12 emits a first characteristic signal 14 when irradiated with electromagnetic radiation, in particular electromagnetic radiation lying outside the visible wavelength range.

The second safety component 13 emits a second characteristic signal 15 when irradiated with electromagnetic radiation, in particular electromagnetic radiation lying outside the visible wavelength range.

The first characteristic signal 14 and/or the second characteristic signal 15 is designed in particular as a spectral signature.

The first security component 12 and/or the second security component 13 can be embodied, for example, as an ink that at least partially absorbs infrared, in particular.

For example, the first security component 12 and/or the second security component 13 can absorb one or more frequency ranges in the infrared spectral range, in particular between 900 nm and 1400 nm wavelength, and thereby provide an individual spectral signature.

A third characteristic signal 16 is produced by combining the first characteristic signal 14 and the second characteristic signal 15.

The third signal 16 is in particular a combination, for example an addition, of the spectral signatures or a frequency band or a plurality of frequency bands of the first characteristic signal 14 and the second characteristic signal 15 .

For example, the combination of the first characteristic signal 14 and the second characteristic signal 15 is as follows. If the first security component 12 is irradiated, for example, with a wavelength of 900 nm to 1200 nm, the first characteristic signal 14 is produced, in which, for example, the spectral range between 940 nm and 970 nm is essentially absorbed. Essentially only the remaining spectral range between 900 nm and 939 nm and 971 nm and 1200 nm is therefore reflected by the first security component 12. If the second security component 13 is also irradiated, for example, with a wavelength of 900 nm to 1200 nm, the second arises characteristic signal 15, in which, for example, the spectral range between 970 nm and 1050 nm is essentially absorbed. Essentially only the remaining spectral range between 900 nm and 969 nm and 1051 nm and 1200 nm is therefore reflected by the second security component 13.

According to this example, third characteristic signal 16 is then characterized in that radiation is provided unrestricted or unabsorbed essentially only in the spectral range from 900 nm to 939 nm and 1051 nm to 1200 nm. In the remaining areas, only a weaker intensity of the electromagnetic radiation is provided.

The first security component 12 and the second security component 13 make the banknote 1 more secure, since a change or removal of one of the two security components 12, 13 leads to a change in the third characteristic signal 16 and a change can therefore be reliably detected by machine.

2 shows a further exemplary embodiment of bank note 1 schematically. Bank note substrate 2 has an adhesion-promoting layer 17 .

The adhesion promoting layer 17 is designed in particular as a primer.

According to the exemplary embodiment, the security element 3 is designed as a security film element or film strip 6 .

The adhesion promoting layer 17 has the first security component 12 .

The foil strip 6 has the second security component 13 .

In an overlapping area 18, the adhesion-promoting layer 17 and the film strip 6 overlap. As a result, the first security component 12 and the second security component 13 in particular also lie at least partially on top of one another there.

The third characteristic signal 16 is provided by the first characteristic signal 14 of the first security component 12 and the second characteristic signal 15 of the second security component 13, for example by superimposing or adding the first and second characteristic signals 14, 15 or the respective spectral signatures.

3 shows a further exemplary embodiment with the adhesion-promoting layer 17 and the film strip 6 . The film strip 6 has the second security component 13 . The adhesion promoter layer 17 has the first security component 12 .

Furthermore, the foil strip 6 has a demetallized area 19 , a metallized area 20 and a hologram 21 .

4 shows a further exemplary embodiment with the adhesion-promoting layer 17 and the film strip 6 . The film strip 6 has the second security component 13 . The adhesion promoting layer 17 has the first security component 12 .

The first security component 12 and the second security component 13 are also designed to overlap in the overlapping region 18, in which the adhesion-promoting layer 17 and the film strip 6 overlap.

5 shows a further exemplary embodiment with the adhesion-promoting layer 17. The adhesion-promoting layer 17 is structured according to the exemplary embodiment and has a multipart design.

The adhesion promoting layer 17 has an optional recess 22 .

Furthermore, the adhesion-promoting layer 17 can provide information 23 .

According to this exemplary embodiment, the adhesion-promoting layer 17 can additionally have the second security component 13 .

Furthermore, the first security component 12 and the second security component 13 can also overlap in a primer overlapping area 24, ie in an area in which a first part of the adhesion-promoting layer 17 and a second part of the adhesion-promoting layer 17 overlap.

6 shows a further exemplary embodiment with the security element 3. The security element is designed as the film strip 6, which is structured or has multiple parts.

According to the exemplary embodiment, the film strip 6 has at least a partial area which, in addition to the second security component 13 , also has the first security component 12 .

In a foil overlapping area 25, two partial areas of the foil strip 6 overlap.

Furthermore, the foil strip 6 can have a foil recess 26 .

The foil strip can also have foil information 27 .

7 schematically shows a further exemplary embodiment of the banknote 1 in cross section.

The banknote substrate 2 comprises, in particular consists of, a substrate core 28, a substrate cover 29 and the adhesion-promoting layer 17.

The substrate coating 29 is formed in particular as an ink acceptance layer before printing. The substrate coating 29 can also have the first security component 12 .

The substrate core 28 can be, for example, a cotton core or a polymer core.

Furthermore, the bank note 1 has a front-side printing element 30 and/or a back-side printing element 31 . The front-side printing element 30 and/or the back-side printing element 31 can be designed as a motif and/or a number, for example.

In addition or as an alternative, the bank note substrate can also have a reverse side coating 32 . The first security component 12 can be formed in the rear coating 32 . The reverse side line 32 is formed on a reverse side 38 of the bank note 1 in particular.

The bank note 1 can also have a coating 33 . The coating 33 can be designed as a protective coating.

Furthermore, the bank note 1 has the security element 3 . The security element 3 can be designed, for example, as a foil patch 4 , security thread 5 or foil strip 6 . The security element can have a multilayer structure and can have, for example, an optically variable layer 34, a film layer 35 and/or an adhesive layer 36.

The security element 3 or one or more layers or elements of the security element, in particular the adhesive layer 36, the optically variable layer 34 and/or the film layer 35, has the second security component 13. The second security component 13 can be formed only locally, in particular essentially only in a point-like manner, or over the entire area in the security element 3 .

The security element 3 can also have a security lacquer 33 on the outside. The security lacquer 33 can have the second security component 13 .

8th shows a further exemplary embodiment of the bank note 1 schematically. The bank note 1 has the printing element 11 with the first security component 12 twice.

In addition or as an alternative, the bank note 1 also has a tonal printing element 37 . The tonal pressure element 37 can have the first security component 12 .

Furthermore, the adhesion promoting layer 17 can be formed in several parts. At least part of the adhesion promoting layer 17 can also have the first security component 12 in addition to the second security component 13 .

In addition or as an alternative, a test device 39 external to the banknote is schematically shown.

Claims (14)

Banknote (1) with a banknote substrate (2) and a security element (3), the banknote substrate (2) having a first security component (12) and the security element (3) having a second security component (13), the first security component (12 ) is designed, when excited with electromagnetic radiation, to emit a first characteristic signal (14) outside the visible wavelength range of the electromagnetic radiation and the second safety component (13) is designed, when excited with electromagnetic radiation, to emit a second characteristic signal (15) outside of the visible wavelength range of the electromagnetic radiation, wherein the bank note (1) is designed to provide a third characteristic signal (16) by combining the first characteristic signal (14) and the second characteristic signal (15). Banknote (1) after claim 1 , wherein the security element (3) is designed as a security film element (4, 6) and is connected to the banknote substrate (2) by an adhesive bond (36). Banknote (1) after claim 1 , wherein the security element (3) is designed as a security thread (5) and the security thread (5) is applied to the banknote substrate (2). Banknote (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the security element (3) has a security lacquer (33) and the second security component (13) is formed in the security lacquer (33). Bank note (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the characteristic signals (14, 15, 16) are in the form of infrared radiation. Bank note (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the characteristic signals (14, 15, 16) are in the form of UV radiation. Banknote (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the characteristic signals (14, 15, 16) are in the form of terahertz radiation. Bank note (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the second security component (13) is integrated into the security element (3). Banknote (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the banknote substrate (2) has an adhesion-promoting layer (17) and the first Security component (12) is formed in the adhesion-promoting layer (17). Bank note (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the first security component (12) is formed superficially on the back (38) of the bank note substrate (2) facing away from the security element (3). Banknote (1) after one of Claims 1 until 9 , The first security component (12) being embedded in the banknote substrate (2). Bank note (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the first security component (12) is only partially formed on and/or in the bank note substrate (2). Bank note (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the bank note (1) has an additional security component which is designed to emit an additional characteristic signal when excited by electromagnetic radiation, the bank note (1) being designed to emit the third characteristic signal (16 ) by superimposing the first characteristic signal (14), the second characteristic signal (15) and the additional characteristic signal. Method for checking a bank note (1), with a bank note substrate (2) and a security element (3), wherein the bank note substrate (2) has a first security component (12) and the security element (3) has a second security component (13), with following steps: - exciting the first security component (12) with electromagnetic radiation and as a result emitting a first characteristic signal (14) outside the visible wavelength range of the electromagnetic radiation; - exciting the second security component (13) with electromagnetic radiation and as a result emitting a second characteristic signal (15) outside the visible wavelength range of the electromagnetic radiation; - Receiving a third characteristic signal (16), which is formed by combining the first characteristic signal (14) and the second characteristic signal (15), by a banknote-external checking device (39); and - Checking the bank note (1) based on the received third characteristic signal (16).

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