DE102020120849B3 - Winding mat for an electrical machine - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a stator of a dynamoelectric machine with a stator body (2) with stator slots (16) and at least one winding mat (3) arranged in the stator slots (16). The winding mat (3) is arranged in the stator slots (16) with groove sections (7) lying one above the other in different radial positions and with head sections (8) connecting the groove sections ) comprises continuous wave winding conductors (6), • each set (4,5,13) has a number q continuous wave winding conductors (6), the slot sections (7) of which are distributed over a slot block of q adjacent stator slots (16) per pole, • the sequence of the slot sections (7) of the various wave winding conductors (6) of a set is interchanged between the slot blocks so that each winding conductor (6) occupies each of the q possible circumferential positions in a slot block the same number of times, and • each wave winding conductor (6) in the middle of its extension in the winding direction changes position by exactly one radial position in the stator slots (16).

Description

The invention relates to a stator of a dynamo-electric machine with a stator body with stator slots and at least one winding mat arranged in the stator slots. The invention also relates to a method for producing a winding mat for such a stator.

It is known to design such winding mats as so-called wave windings. A wave winding of this type comprises a plurality of wave winding conductors, in each of which slot sections running in the slots of the stator are connected to head sections arranged in the area of the winding heads. In a radial flux machine with grooves running in the axial direction of the stator, these groove sections are located alternately on both end faces of the stator carrier when viewed in the circumferential direction of each wave winding conductor. In this context, a stator carrier is understood to be the non-electromagnetically active part of the stator, that is to say, for example, a stator body without the field-generating coils. A stator body can in particular be designed as a laminated stator core that is formed from stacked stator laminations that are electrically insulated from one another.

the end US 6,894,414 B1 a dynamo-electric machine is known in which the stator is manufactured as a so-called unrolled tooth chain. A winding mat, which forms a distributed winding, is first inserted into the stator slots of such a flat toothed chain. The expansion of the winding mat in the winding direction corresponds to the expansion of the tooth chain spread out flat and thus the circumference of the resulting cylindrical stator. After inserting the winding mat, the inverted tooth chain is bent into a cylindrical shape. The ends of the inverted tooth chain are then welded together.

the end EP 259 77 54 A1 a dynamo-electric machine with a wave winding is known in which the distance between two groove sections connected to one another via a head section varies at least partially.

the end DE 10 2016 118 871 A1 a wave winding for an electrical machine is known, the wires of which are divided into wire groups, the wires of a wire group being assigned to the same phase. The order of the wires in the upper winding heads changes within the wire group.

From US 2013/0 154 428 A1 it is known to vary the order of the conductors within the slots of a stator in order to avoid circular currents in wave windings. US 2015/0 076 953 A1 also shows an alternating assignment of slot positions within a slot block with conductors of one phase in order to avoid circular currents.

A method for producing a winding mat for a wave winding is known from WO 2019/166 061 A1, in which sets of wave winding conductors of each strand of the winding are inserted into one another.

DE 10 2018 125 830 A1 To avoid circular currents in wave windings, it is known to swap adjacent partial strands in their order when connecting the conductor segments in the end winding. In this way, differences caused by the position of the partial strands can be compensated for over one cycle of the partial strands.

the end DE 11 2015 005 047 T5 winding mats of wave winding conductors comprising a plurality of partial winding mats are known, in which the partial winding mats for each strand comprise sets of wave winding conductors which are inserted into one another in an X-shape in the region of the change of position.

The invention is based on the object of specifying a stator that is easy to manufacture for a dynamo-electric machine with a continuous winding pattern and advantageous electrical behavior.

This object is achieved by a stator for a dynamo-electric machine with the features according to patent claim 1. The object is also achieved by a method for producing a winding mat for a stator of a dynamoelectric machine according to patent claim 11.

Advantageous embodiments of the invention can be found in the dependent claims.

The stator can initially include, in particular, axially aligned stator slots. The stator slots can, however, also have a bevel in order to reduce torque ripples and cogging torques. At least one winding mat is arranged in the stator slots. This winding mat is designed as a distributed winding. It contains two sets of continuous wave winding conductors for each strand of the machine. Each wave winding conductor comprises slot sections which can be arranged in different radial positions within the stator slots. In addition, each wave winding conductor comprises head sections which each connect two slot sections outside the stator slots in the area of the end windings. In the case of a so-called wave winding, these head sections are alternating in each wave winding conductor arranged at the two front ends of the stator.

In an electrical machine with a wave winding, parallel winding branches are often necessary for each phase, since a wave winding in particular uses a lower conductor height (especially compared to so-called hairpin windings), thus increasing the number of conductors in the slot. In order to limit the induced phase voltage, several winding branches are connected in parallel.

The so-called number of holes q defines the number of slots per pole and strand of the dynamoelectric machine. According to the invention, each set has q continuous wave winding conductors, the slot sections of which are each distributed over a slot block of q adjacent stator slots per pole. Thus, the wave winding conductors of a strand can occupy different slots within a slot block and also assume different positions in the radial direction within one slot, since several conductors are arranged one above the other in the stator slots according to the invention.

In order to prevent the formation of circular currents when waveguides of a certain strand are connected in parallel, the invention provides for the sequence of the slot sections of the various waveguides of a set to be interchanged between the slot blocks so that each winding conductor has each of the q possible circumferential positions in a slot block takes the same number of times. In addition, it is provided that each wave winding conductor changes position in the middle of its extension in the winding direction by exactly one radial position in the stator slots.

The result of these measures is that each wave winding conductor assumes every possible radial position in combination with every possible position within the slot block at least once and with the same frequency. The possible combinations of circumferential position within a slot block and radial position are evenly distributed among the wave winding conductors. In this way, circular currents are effectively avoided when the winding conductors are connected in parallel. This also applies if the stator is designed with several winding mats of the structure according to the invention, for example to increase the number of parallel connections. Every equivalent radial position-groove combination is occupied in every winding mat. This rule is fulfilled for each conductor of each strand by continuously interchanging the conductor sequence of a strand in the winding head and by changing the radial position in the middle of the extension and thus in particular after p poles of the wave winding conductor in the winding direction. Here, p denotes the number of pole pairs of the stator.

The stator body can have an inverted tooth chain bent into a cylindrical shape with at least one axially running joint at which the ends of the bent inverted tooth chain are connected to one another. Such a configuration has the advantage that the stator slots can be very easily equipped with a winding mat when the inverted tooth chain is in the unrolled state. In comparison, the introduction of a winding mat into a cylindrical stator body can be a complex process.

In particular when the stator body is designed as a toothed chain, it is particularly advantageous if the expansion of the winding mat in the winding direction corresponds to the inner circumference of the stator.

The number of pole pairs p of the stator can be an integral multiple of q. If the number of pole pairs p is a multiple of the number of holes q, each possible position within a slot block in each of the two possible radial positions within the stator slots is occupied several times by a wave winding conductor of a set.

In a linearly expanded state, the wave winding conductors of a set can have an axial symmetry with respect to a cross-over scheme of the head gates with an axis of symmetry which is aligned parallel to a groove section. This ensures that each slot position within a slot block in each of the two radial layers is occupied by a wave winding conductor of a set at least once and the occupancy of these positions or radial positions is evenly distributed among the various wave winding conductors of a set.

The stator can have a first partial winding mat, which comprises exactly one first set of wave winding conductors for each strand, said first sets being fitted into one another in an X-shape in the area of the change of position, so that at intersection points of the wave winding conductors of a first and second strand on one side of the When changing position, the waveguides of the first strand always lie above those of the second strand and, on the other side, the waveguides of the second strand always lie above those of the first strand. This allows the sets of wave winding conductors of the various strands to be preconfigured very easily and then to be added to the first partial winding mat.

You can proceed in a similar way with a second partial winding mat. That is, the stator has a second partial winding mat, which comprises exactly a second set of wave winding conductors for each strand, said second sets being fitted into one another in an X-shape in the area of the change of position, so that at the crossing points of the wave winding conductors of a first and second strand on one side of the change in position there is always the Waveguides of the first strand lie above those of the second strand and on the other side the waveguides of the second strand always lie above those of the first strand.

A complete winding mat can now be formed from the first and second partial winding mats. In this case, the second partial winding mat can now be rotated by 180 degrees about an axis aligned in the winding direction in a linearly unrolled state with respect to the first partial winding mat. The partial winding mats can be fitted into one another in an X-shape in the area of the layer change, so that the wave winding conductor of the first partial winding mat on one side of the layer change always lie above the wave winding conductor of the second partial winding mat and on the other side of the layer change always lie below the wave winding conductor of the second partial winding mat.

This results in particularly compact winding heads if at least areas of the head sections of each wave winding conductor are offset on the one hand beyond the change of position in the direction of the slot opening in relation to the respectively connected groove sections and on the other side on the other side of the change in position in the direction of the groove base are offset in relation to the respectively connected groove sections .

The maximum offset of the head sections can in each case correspond to the amount after half a radial position and thus half of the conductor extension viewed in the radial direction.

If the first and the second partial winding mats are plugged into one another, a particularly compact design is achieved through the offset of the head sections. The offset of the first partial winding mat is always opposite to the offset of the second partial winding mat. Considered in the winding direction, these relationships are reversed at the change of position.

A dynamoelectric machine with a stator according to one of the embodiments described above is particularly suitable as a traction drive for an electric or hybrid vehicle. It is easy to manufacture and therefore suitable for large quantities. Their electromagnetic behavior is extremely advantageous due to the elimination of circular currents.

In addition, the subject matter of the invention is a method for producing a winding mat for a stator of a dynamoelectric machine. In the process, a first partial winding mat is first produced. For this purpose, in a first step, a first set of q wave winding conductors is provided for each strand of the stator. These wave winding conductors each include slot sections which are to be arranged in stator slots of a stator body of the dynamoelectric machine, and head sections which each connect two slot sections of a wave winding conductor to one another in the area of the end windings of the machine.

The q wave winding conductors are arranged in such a way that q adjacent slot sections of the respective wave winding conductors follow one another at a distance between two stator slots. It is important here that the sequence of the slot sections of the various waveguides within a set is reversed so that each waveguide occupies each of the q possible positions within a slot block with the same number of times. If, for example, a slot block comprises four possible positions, the number of holes in the stator is thus four, then the slot sections of the wave winding conductors involved in the set must be evenly distributed over positions 1, 2, 3 and 4.

Subsequently, all the first sets of wave winding conductors formed in this way are put together or inserted into one another to form the first partial winding mat.

A second partial winding mat is produced in the same way as the first partial winding mat.

The resulting two partial winding mats are finally put into one another. When the partial winding mats are inserted into one another, the groove sections of the wave winding conductors involved change positions. This is done in such a way that the wave winding conductors of the first partial winding mat are arranged below and behind the layer change above the wave winding conductors of the second partial winding mat before the layer change. After the partial winding mats have been inserted into one another, slot sections of the wave winding conductor of the first partial winding mat are above slot sections of the wave winding conductor of the second partial winding mat on one side of the layer change, while the situation on the other side of the layer change is exactly the opposite. In a later arrangement of the resulting winding mat in a stator body of the dynamoelectric machine, the winding mat already occupies two radial positions, with each wave winding conductor occupying each of the two radial positions in each of the q possible positions within a slot block with the same number of times.

• 1: eine schematische Darstellung eines ersten Satzes von Wellenwicklungsleitern,
• 2: eine konstruktive Realisierung des ersten Satzes von Wellenwicklungsleitern,
• 3: ein Ineinanderfügen von drei ersten Sätzen von Wellenwicklungsleitern,
• 4: eine erste Teilwicklungsmatte als Resultat der drei ineinandergefügten ersten Sätze von Wellenwicklungsleitern,
• 5: ein Ineinanderfügen zweier Teilwicklungsmatten zu einer Wicklungsmatte,
• 6: ein Stapel aus mehreren Wicklungsmatten,
• 7: einen Statorkörper mit einem in Statornuten des Statorkörpers eingelegten Wicklungsstapel,
• 8: ein erster Verschaltungsplan für eine Wicklung gemäß einer Ausführungsform der Erfindung,
• 9: ein zweiter Verschaltungsplan für eine Wicklung gemäß einer Ausführungsform der Erfindung,
• 10: eine erste Ausführung einer Zahnkette zur Bildung eines zylindrischen Statorkörpers,
• 11: eine zweite Ausführung einer Zahnkette zur Bildung eines zylindrischen Statorkörpers,
• 12: eine dritte Ausführung einer Zahnkette zur Bildung eines zylindrischen Statorkörpers,
• 13: eine vierte Ausführung einer Zahnkette zur Bildung eines zylindrischen Statorkörpers,
• 14: eine fünfte Ausführung einer Zahnkette zur Bildung eines zylindrischen Statorkörpers und
• 15: eine sechste Ausführung einer Zahnkette zur Bildung eines zylindrischen Statorkörpers.

In the following, the invention is explained in more detail on the basis of the exemplary embodiments shown in the figures. Show it:

• 1 : a schematic representation of a first set of wave winding conductors,
• 2 : a constructive realization of the first set of wave winding conductors,
• 3 : an interlocking of three first sets of wave-wound conductors,
• 4th : a first partial winding mat as a result of the three nested first sets of wave winding conductors,
• 5 : a joining of two partial winding mats to form a winding mat,
• 6th : a stack of several winding mats,
• 7th : a stator body with a winding stack inserted into stator slots of the stator body,
• 8th : a first circuit diagram for a winding according to an embodiment of the invention,
• 9 : a second circuit diagram for a winding according to an embodiment of the invention,
• 10 : a first version of an inverted tooth chain to form a cylindrical stator body,
• 11th : a second version of an inverted tooth chain to form a cylindrical stator body,
• 12th : a third version of an inverted tooth chain to form a cylindrical stator body,
• 13th : a fourth version of an inverted tooth chain to form a cylindrical stator body,
• 14th : a fifth embodiment of an inverted tooth chain to form a cylindrical stator body and
• 15th : a sixth embodiment of an inverted tooth chain to form a cylindrical stator body.

1 shows a schematic representation of a first set 4th of wave winding conductors according to an embodiment of the invention. The wave winding conductor 6th each include groove sections 7th that are over head sections 8th are connected to each other. The head sections 8th form after the wave winding conductor 6th were inserted into stator slots of a stator body of a dynamo-electric machine, the winding heads projecting axially beyond the stator body, while the slot sections 7th are inserted in the stator slots of the stator body.

The illustrated first sentence 4th is assigned to exactly one strand of the machine and comprises four wave winding conductors 6th . These four wave winding conductors 6th are arranged next to each other in a slot block of four slots in the stator body. The so-called number of holes q of the stator, the number of slots per pole and strand, is therefore q = 4. The number of pole pairs of the stator, which includes the set shown in its stator winding, is p = 4.

The machine is a three-phase machine. As a set of wave winding conductors 6th Each slot block occupies four slots and each of the eight poles of the stator is assigned exactly one slot block, there are 32 stator slots on each strand of the machine. This results in a total of N = 96 slots for the stator in its three phases.

Since each groove block comprises four grooves, a groove section 7th a wave winding conductor 6th occupy four different positions in each groove block. Like the schematic representation of the first movement 4th of wave winding conductors 7th shows, every wave winding conductor changes 7th always its position from slot block to slot block.

It is assumed that the positions within the slot blocks are numbered continuously from left to right, continuously ascending from position one to position four. The wave winding conductor 6th in position one in the first slot block from the left is in position four in the following second slot block. This wave winding conductor is in the third slot block from the left 6th arranged in position three. In the fourth slot block in position two. This wave winding conductor changes in the fifth slot block 6th in position three and changes back to position two in the sixth slot block. The wave winding conductor is in the seventh slot block 6th back in position one. In the eighth slot block it occupies position four.

That from the first sentence 4th Wave winding conductors 6th The scheme formed has an axis symmetry with respect to an axis of symmetry 9 on that the first sentence 4th When viewed in the winding direction, divides it in the middle into two halves of equal length. This axial symmetry manifests itself in the design of the winding heads. At the pole that is exactly above the axis of symmetry 9 does not find any intersection of the head sections 8th instead of. The intersection scheme of the other head sections 8th is axially symmetrical to the axis of symmetry 9 .

The slot positions are filled in the same way by the other positions in the first set 4th involved wave winding conductor 6th . The wave winding conductor 6th do not follow a constant pitch. Rather, the distance between two groove sections changes 7th a wave winding conductor continuously.

In the head sections arranged in the winding head 8th a positive and a negative associated head section conductor layer is defined. This is offset by half a ladder height in the positive or in the negative z-direction. The dashed ladder line in 1 is intended to illustrate an offset in the associated positive and the solid line an offset in the associated negative head section conductor position.

The head sections 8th left of the axis of symmetry 9 viewed from the left are initially oriented in the direction of the negative z-axis. At the end of a winding head 10 arrived, the orientation is reversed, so that the over a head section 8th connected groove sections 7th are finally arranged in the same z-axis position. After installing the wave winding conductor shown 6th in the stator body this means that these slot sections 7th are arranged in the same radial position.

In the area to the right of the symmetry axis 9 behaves like the course of the head sections 8th exactly reversed. That is, viewed from left to right, a head section runs 8th to the end of the winding head 10 first in the positive z-direction and after the winding head tip in the negative z-direction, so that the above-mentioned head section 8th connected groove sections 7th also here again in the same z-position and thus in the same radial position in the installed state.

On the axis of symmetry 9 and thus in the middle of the first sentence 4th of wave winding conductors 6th of a strand of the machine there is a change of position in the z-direction. On both sides of the winding head tip arranged here 10 run the head sections 8th in the negative z-direction. Here, too, the offset is on the left and right side of the winding head tip 10 the amount after each half a ladder width considered in the radial direction. Due to the same orientation of this offset in the z-direction, however, this has a layer offset over the head section 8th connected groove sections 7th by exactly one ladder width. The groove sections are accordingly 7th placed on the right side of the axis of symmetry in the grooves of the machine by one radial position closer to the groove base than the groove sections 7th left of the axis of symmetry 9 .

The result is the distribution of the groove sections shown 7th within the first sentence 4th with regard to the possible positions within the slot blocks involved and with regard to those of the wave winding conductors 8th assumed radial positions to the fact that each wave winding conductor 8th every possible position in the slot block and every possible radial position occupied with the same number of times. This is already within a set of wave winding conductors 8th created the basis for a consistent continuation of this scheme for all sets of wave winding conductors involved in the winding mat of the stator, a formation of circular currents can be prevented despite conductor loops connected in parallel.

It is important for understanding that the positive head section conductor layer of the first partial mat conductor layer corresponds to the negative winding head conductor layer of the second partial mat conductor layer offset in the positive z-direction. Along the wave direction of a strand in accordance with 1 In the positive x-direction, there is an offset in the first partial mat conductor layer after the slot exit into the associated negative winding head conductor layer. In the second conductor layer, on the other hand, there is an offset in the associated positive end winding conductor layer after the slot exits. This difference is due to the change of position. Along the positive wave direction described, after the slot exits when changing layers, there is initially a conductor offset into the negative winding head conductor layer associated with the first partial mat conductor layer. At the end of the winding head, the conductors change to the winding head conductor layer that is positive in relation to the first partial mat conductor layer. At the next slot entry there is accordingly an offset in the positive z-direction in the second partial mat conductor layer. In the case of a structural configuration of the end winding, it is evident that there must also be an offset in the positive z direction in the case of the groove entrances in the second partial mat conductor layer that follow along the positive wave direction. Therefore, as described above, the slot exits must be offset in a positive direction.

2 shows a constructive implementation of the first movement 4th of wave winding conductors 6th .

The conductors are in the end of the winding head 10 bent over the short edge. The q parallel conductors of a strand can be prefabricated separately from one another. So it is possible to bend the conductors first in the xy-plane and in a second step to stamp the necessary conductor offsets in the winding head with the help of a stamp. The order in which these conductors are to be plugged into one another is different for each winding scheme with different parameters and must be examined separately in each case.

Based 2 such a mating process will be discussed as an example. On closer inspection, you can see that the second waveguide in the left connection zone 6th is arranged from the left in the first and in the seventh end winding section along the positive wave direction in front of the other conductors. In contrast, the conductor in the third and fifth end winding sections is behind the other wave winding conductors 6th arranged. Crosses in the remaining end winding sections this conductor not the other waveguide 6th , with which the wave winding conductor 6th neither in front of nor behind another wave winding conductor 6th is arranged. This conductor must therefore be inserted last in the already arranged conductors of the strand in the positive y-direction. In this case, the arrangement described must be implemented in the end winding sections. The remaining wave winding conductors 6th are arranged one below the other in the same order in the respective end winding sections. The second conductor from the right in the left connection zone is always in front of the first conductor from the right in the left connection zone. It is therefore not necessary to plug in the remaining conductors. This means that they can be placed one inside the other according to their order.

3 shows a nesting of three first sets 4, 5, 13 of wave winding conductors 6th to a first partial winding mat, which accordingly has a first set 4, 5, 13 wave winding conductors for each strand of the machine 6th includes. The first sentences 4, 5, 13 shown have been manufactured in the same way, especially in connection with 2 described way.

The strands or the associated sets 4, 5, 13 of wave winding conductors 6th must then be joined together to form the first partial mat. The sequence described below is identical for each winding scheme with different parameters. The joining takes place with the help of an x-shaped plugging of the individual first sentences 4, 5, 13 as in 3 illustrated schematically. As the arrangement of the head sections 8th is different between the respective strands to the left and right of the change of position, the individual strands have to be pushed into one another in an x-shape in the y-direction and then twisted to one another, whereby this process can take place sequentially.

According to this principle, the first sentence of the second strand is first 5 in the first sentence of the first strand 4th joined. Then the first sentence of the third strand 13th inserted into the already created partial mat and you get a finished first partial winding mat. Such a first partial winding mat 11th as a result of the three nested sets 4, 5, 13 of wave-wound conductors 6th shows 4th . For an alternative number of strands, the sequential assembly proceeds in the same way. The different arrangement of the head sections 8th left and right of the position change is due to the different design of the winding head in the two sections.

This is followed by a second partial winding mat 12th produced in a completely analogous procedure. The first and second partial winding mats 11, 12 finally become a winding mat 3 put together. This process is in 5 made clear.

As described above, each partial winding mat 11, 12 is divided into two areas in which the conductors lie in the different radial positions. Therefore, when plugging together, the first part of the winding mat 11th unoccupied layer and groove positions through the second partial winding mat 12th be occupied. If you rotate the in 4th shown first partial winding mat 11th along the R axis by 180 degrees, it can be shown in a structural configuration that the rotated first partial winding mat 11th (here as a second partial winding mat 12th is the counterpart to the original first partial mat 11th both in the area of the groove sections 7th as well as in the area of the head sections 8th forms. The second part of the winding mat therefore corresponds to 12th the first partial winding mat rotated 180 degrees along the R axis 11th .

Accordingly, only one version of the partial winding mat 11, 12 is necessary in the process, which considerably reduces the production effort. Analogous to the joining of sets 4, 5, 13 of the individual strands, these two opposing partial winding mats 11, 12 must be shifted into one another in an x-shape in the y-direction and then rotated with respect to one another. Viewed from the y-direction, the two partial winding mats 11, 12 intersect along the change in position of the partial winding mats 11, 12.

6th shows a winding stack 13th from several winding mats 3 . In the embodiment shown, the result is a flat winding with zn = 8 conductor layers. Since each of the stacked winding mats 3 contains two conductor layers, there are four winding mats 3 stacked for this purpose.

The winding mats 3 can be stacked directly on top of one another in the stator slots of a stator body. This is particularly easy if such a stator body, which is manufactured, for example, in the form of a laminated stator core, is designed as a toothed chain.

The number of stacked winding mats 3 can be selected flexibly. Due to the structure of winding mats, which are made up of two partial mats 11, 12 and accordingly form two conductor layers, the number of conductor layers of the entire winding stack is 13th even.

In 6th it can also be seen that on both end faces at both ends of the winding stack 13th Connection conductor 14th from the winding stack 13th protrude. If the winding is inserted into a tooth chain, these must be as a result when the winding is rolled up with the inverted tooth chain.

7th shows a stator body with one in stator slots of the stator body 2 inlaid winding. A winding with a stator body is shown 2 when rolled up and with intertwined connecting conductors 14th . A winding without interchanging the order of conductors in the winding head is shown schematically, but with the above-mentioned parameters.

8th shows a first circuit diagram for a winding stack 13th according to one embodiment of the invention and 9 a second wiring diagram for a winding stack 13th according to one embodiment of the invention,

The stacked and rolled up winding mats 3 must then be interconnected. The interconnection takes place analogously on both front sides. In addition, the interconnection is the same for all strands, which is why this is only explained below with reference to one strand. Basically, it can be stated that the maximum number of parallel winding branches per end face corresponds to the number of holes q. Thus, for the complete winding stack 13th a maximum of a = 2q parallel winding branches per strand possible. The interconnection must be examined individually for any number of holes. Using an interconnection with q = 4, considerations necessary for this are exemplified. After the braiding are the connection conductors 14th seen from the axial direction in a matrix. The connecting conductors are located here 14th the different ends of a winding mat 3 always one on top of the other in the matrix-like arrangement, with only one partial mat 11, 12 of the winding mat being considered here 3 is interconnected.

8th shows schematically the interconnection for four and 9 for two parallel branches on each face. The different hatches are intended to represent the different conductors of the winding stack 13th clarify. In addition, the associated transverse deviation in the end winding is shown for each connecting conductor level in the matrix, which, as expected, alternates continuously. The reversal of the conductor arrangement when changing layers has the effect that the conductor arrangement is also in the area of the connections in both connection conductor levels of a winding mat 3 is reversed. In the case of four parallel branches, the connection contact is made in the top and bottom connection conductor level. In between are the superimposed connections of different winding mats 3 interconnected in series. This interconnection concept can be applied to any other number of holes, whereby the number of parallel branches per face must correspond to the number of holes.

In the 10 until 15th are a total of six different embodiments of a stator body in the form of a so-called tooth chain 15th shown. It is common to all of these designs that the stator body initially has two axially oriented end faces on the circumferential side 18th having, after being fitted with a winding stack 13th with each other z. B. be connected by welding so that the stator body is given a cylindrical shape.

In the first embodiment according to 10 are also the individual startor teeth within the inverted tooth chain 17th and stator slots 16 provided with reference symbols.

In the first embodiment according to 10 the tooth chain lies 15th in a completely linear unrolled form, so that the assembly with the winding stack 13th similarly easy to handle as is made possible with a linear motor. Every single stator tooth 17th has a certain angular play that is essentially the same for all teeth. This is dimensioned in such a way that it is completely used up when the linear tooth chain 15th is bent into its closed cylinder shape.

In the second embodiment according to 11th such flexibility in the circumferential direction is only given in the illustrated linear region of the laminated stator core. This area adjoins a rigid section of the stator body that is already formed into a semicircular arc.

In the third embodiment according to 12th on the other hand, two rigid stator body halves with a semicircular cross-section are at a point opposite the joint with the two end faces 18th is arranged, articulated together.

In the fourth embodiment according to 13th this joint is formed by a range of four articulated stator teeth 17th realized opposite the joint.

In the fifth and sixth embodiment ( 14th and 15th ) becomes the area with the articulated stator teeth 17th starting from 13th at the expense of the expansion of the rigid, arcuate stator areas.

List of reference symbols

1

stator

2

Stator body

3

Winding mat

4, 5.13

first sentences

6th

Wave winding conductor

7th

Groove sections

8th

Head sections

9

Axis of symmetry

10

Winding head tip

11

first partial winding mat

12th

second partial winding mat

13th

Winding stack

14th

Connection conductor

15th

Inverted tooth chain

16

Stator slots

17th

Stator teeth

18th

Face

Claims (17)

Stator (1) of a dynamoelectric machine with a stator body (2) with stator slots (16) and at least one winding mat (3) with slot sections (7) arranged in the stator slots (16) and superposed in different radial positions and head sections (8) connecting the slot sections , whereby • the winding mat comprises two sets (4, 5, 13) of continuous wave winding conductors (6) per strand of the dynamo-electric machine, • each set (4,5,13) has a number q continuous wave winding conductors (6), the slot sections (7) of which are distributed over a slot block of q adjacent stator slots (16) per pole, • the sequence of the slot sections (7) of the various wave winding conductors (6) of a set (4,5,13) is interchanged between the slot blocks in such a way that each winding conductor (6) occupies each of the q possible circumferential positions in a slot block the same number of times, and • each wave winding conductor (6) in the middle of its extension in the winding direction changes position by exactly one radial position in the stator slots (16), • wherein the stator comprises a first partial winding mat (11) which comprises exactly one first set (4,5,13) of wave winding conductors (6) for each strand, said first sets (4,5,13) in the area of the change of position X -shaped one inside the other, so that at the crossing points of the waveguide (6) of a first and second strand on one side of the change in position, the waveguide (6) of the first strand always lies above those of the second strand and the waveguide (6 ) of the second strand are above those of the first strand. Stator (1) Claim 1 , wherein the expansion of the winding mat in the winding direction corresponds to the inner circumference of the stator. Stator (1) Claim 1 or 2 , where the number of pole pairs p of the stator is an integral multiple of q. Stator (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the wave winding conductors (6) of a set (4, 5, 13) in a linearly expanded state have an axial symmetry with respect to an intersection pattern of the head gates (8) with an axis of symmetry (9) which is parallel is aligned to a groove section. Stator (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein at least areas of the head sections (8) of each wave winding conductor (6) run offset on the one side beyond the change of position in the direction of the slot opening with respect to the respectively connected slot sections (7) and on the other side on the other side of the change of position in the direction of the groove base with respect to the respectively connected groove sections (7) run offset. Stator (1) Claim 5 , the maximum offset of the head sections (8) each corresponding to the amount after half a radial position. Stator (1) according to one of the preceding claims, with a second partial winding mat (12) which comprises exactly one second set of wavy winding conductors for each strand, said second sets being fitted into one another in an X-shape in the area of the change of position, so that the wavy winding conductors ( 6) of a first and second strand, on one side of the change in position, the waveguide (6) of the first strand always lies above those of the second strand and on the other side the waveguide (6) of the second strand always lies above those of the first strand. Stator (1) Claim 7 , wherein the second partial winding mat (12) is rotated in a linearly unrolled state by 180 degrees about an axis aligned in the winding direction, and the partial winding mats (11, 12) are inserted into one another in an X-shape in the area of the change of position, with respect to the first partial winding mat (11), so that the wave winding conductor (6) of the first partial winding mat on one side of the layer change always lies above the wave winding conductor (6) of the second partial winding mat (12) and on the other side of the layer change always below the wave winding conductor (6) of the second partial winding mat (12) lie. Stator (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the stator body (2) one to one A cylindrical tooth chain (15) has a curved tooth chain with at least one axially extending joint at which the ends of the curved tooth chain are connected to one another. Dynamo-electric machine with a stator (1) according to one of the preceding claims. Process for the production of a winding mat (3) for a stator (1) of a dynamoelectric machine with the following process steps: • Generating a first partial winding mat (11) by o Provision of a first set (4,5,13) of q wave winding conductors (6) for each strand of the stator (1), the wave winding conductors (6) each having slot sections (7) and head sections (8) connecting the slot sections (7) , o Arranging the q wave winding conductors (6) in such a way that the slot sections (7) of the respective wave winding conductors follow one another at a distance between two stator slots (16), o wherein the order of the groove sections (7) of the different wave winding conductors (6) of the respective set is interchanged between the head sections (8) in such a way that each winding conductor (6) assumes each of the q possible positions the same number of times, o Insertion of all first sets into one another to form the first partial winding mat (11), • Generating a second partial winding mat (12) in the same way as the first partial winding mat (11), • Insertion of the partial winding mats (11,12), the wave winding conductors (6) in the area of the middle of their extension in the winding direction, when viewed in the winding direction, change layers so that the wave winding conductors (6) of the first partial winding mat (11) before the change in position below and behind the Change of position over the wave winding conductors of the second partial winding mat (12) are arranged. Procedure according to Claim 11 , the stator body (2) being manufactured as a linearly extended tooth chain which, after being fitted with the winding mat (3), is bent into a cylindrical shape. Procedure according to Claim 11 or 12th , the extent of the winding mat (3) in the winding direction corresponding to the inner circumference of the stator (1). Method according to one of the Claims 11 until 13th , the wave winding conductors (6) of a set (4,5,13) being arranged in relation to one another in such a way that they have an axial symmetry with respect to a cross-over scheme of the head gates (8) with an axis of symmetry (9) which is aligned parallel to a groove section . Method according to one of the Claims 11 until 14th , wherein at least one area of the head sections (8) of each wave winding conductor (6) is offset on the one side beyond the change of position in the direction of the slot opening opposite the respectively connected groove sections (7) and on the other side beyond the change in position in the direction of the groove base opposite the each connected slot sections (7) is offset, in particular the offset corresponds to the amount of half the extent of the slot sections in the radial direction of the stator slots. Method according to one of the Claims 11 until 15th , said first sets (4, 5, 13) being joined together in an X-shape in the area of the change of position, so that at the crossing points of the wave winding conductors (6) of a first and second strand on one side of the position change, the wave winding conductors (6) of the first Strand lie above those of the second strand and on the other side always the wave winding conductors (6) of the second strand lie above those of the first strand. Method according to one of the Claims 11 until 16 , the second partial winding mat (12) being rotated 180 degrees around an axis aligned in the winding direction with respect to the first partial winding mat (11) and the partial winding mats (11, 12) being joined together in an X-shape in the area of the change of position.

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