DE102020112000A1 - Multifunctional trailer - Google Patents

Abstract

A trailer (10) with a chassis comprising a base frame (12) and a drawbar (14) which is located at a point between a front edge (18) of the base frame (12) and a wheel (20) of the trailer (10) relative to the Base frame (12) is arranged pivotably, is characterized in that a guide is provided for a container and / or the trailer (10) has at least one ramp (36, 28, 54) with a length greater than or equal to 2 m.

Description

The invention relates to a trailer with a chassis comprising a base frame, as well as a drawbar which is arranged so as to be pivotable relative to the base frame at a point between a front edge of the base frame and a wheel of the trailer.

Such a trailer is for example from the DE 10 2018 121 747 A1 known. The trailer known from this publication is a trailer for loading and / or unloading a container. The trailer is set up to tilt a loaded container laterally along at least one longitudinal side of the trailer. Additionally or alternatively, the trailer can be designed so that it can be lowered at the rear. This also makes it possible, for example, to drive construction machinery onto the trailer and transport it with it.

The object of the present invention is to develop a trailer mentioned at the beginning so that its intended use becomes even more diverse.

This object is achieved according to the invention by a trailer with a chassis comprising a base frame, as well as a drawbar which is pivotably arranged at a point between a front edge of the base frame and a wheel of the trailer relative to the base frame, the trailer having a guide for a container and / or wherein the trailer has at least one ramp with a length greater than or equal to 60 cm, in particular greater than or equal to 80 cm, preferably greater than or equal to 90 cm, particularly preferably greater than or equal to 1 m, very particularly preferably greater than or equal to 2 m.

By providing a guide for a container or a trough, the trailer is suitable for transporting containers and troughs, the guide ensuring that the container is aligned at least substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the trailer. It can thereby be achieved that the container can be reliably locked on the trailer.

If the trailer also or alternatively has at least one ramp with a length greater than or equal to 60 cm, in particular greater than or equal to 80 cm, preferably greater than or equal to 90 cm, particularly preferably greater than or equal to 1 m, very particularly preferably greater than or equal to 2 m, can be transported Vehicles, such as rollers or locomotives, are driven onto the trailer on a very slight incline.

The guide for the container can comprise two lateral strips between which a recess for at least partially receiving the container is formed. The bars result in a long, stable guide.

If roll mounts are provided for holding rolls of the container, the container can lie flat on the strips. Furthermore, the container is correctly positioned in the longitudinal direction when the rollers of the container are in the roller receptacles.

Further advantages result if an alignment device is provided for aligning a container. The alignment device can center the container so that it can be reliably locked by means of container locks. The alignment device (more than one alignment device can be provided) can have at least one, preferably two, very preferably four, alignment elements. An alignment element can be arranged on the trailer so that it can be moved vertically or pivoted. It can also be part of a locking device. It can be plugged into the locking device. The at least one alignment element can taper towards its free end, in particular it can be wedge-shaped at the end.

The trailer preferably has a support leg which is arranged on the drawbar or on the base frame. It is particularly preferred if a fastening point for the support foot is provided both on the drawbar and in the area of the front edge of the base frame and the support foot can be fastened either to the drawbar or to the base frame. When the support foot is attached to the drawbar, the drawbar can be held at a certain height so that a towing vehicle can be driven up to the drawbar and the trailer can be coupled to the towing vehicle. It is also possible to park the trailer without having to put down the drawbar or lower the trailer at the rear while holding the drawbar in a certain position. It is also possible to keep the loading area of the trailer in a horizontal position when the trailer is parked.

If the support leg is attached in the area of the front edge of the base frame, the drawbar can be placed on the ground and the trailer can still be held in a horizontal position. This makes it possible for a vehicle that has loaded a container, for example, to drive very close to the trailer, in particular to drive over the drawbar, and then to transfer the container from the vehicle to the trailer.

The support foot can be attached to the drawbar in a different orientation than to the base frame. This is particularly advantageous when the support foot is designed as a support winch and has a crank for operating the support winch. The support foot can thus be attached to the base frame in such a way that the crank is easily accessible.

Further advantages result if the support leg is adjustable in length. This can in particular be implemented in that the support foot is designed as a support winch. Thus, the drawbar can be brought to different heights and adjusted in height to different towing vehicles to which the trailer is to be attached. In addition, the support leg can be adjusted to different heights, depending on whether it is attached to the drawbar or the base frame.

Further advantages result if the trailer can be lowered at the rear. This makes it particularly easy to drive vehicles to be transported onto the trailer.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention it is provided that the trailer has a two-axle pendulum axle assembly or air suspension assembly. Alternatively, a parabolic spring assembly can be provided. This makes it particularly easy to lower the chassis and in particular the base frame towards the floor at the rear. On the one hand, this can make loading and unloading containers easier. On the other hand, moving machines to be transported up and down can also be easily accomplished.

Particular advantages result if the trailer has an additional frame which can be pivoted about at least one, preferably three axes with respect to the base frame. A container, for example, can be attached to the intermediate frame. Alternatively, the intermediate frame can have a loading area or flatbed. Because the intermediate frame is pivotable relative to the base frame, the loading area or the container can be tilted relative to the base frame. For example, the container or the loading area can be pivoted about an axis that runs parallel to the wheel axles. Alternatively or additionally, it can be provided that the intermediate frame can be tilted about an axis parallel to the longitudinal axis of the trailer, that is to say to the left and / or to the right. If three tipping axles are provided, the trailer is designed as a three-way tipper.

At least one tilt cylinder can be arranged between the base frame and the additional frame. By extending the tilt cylinder, the additional frame together with the container or loading floor arranged or loaded on it can tilt sideways or tilt backwards. By retracting the tilt cylinder, the additional frame can be moved back into a horizontal starting position. The tilt cylinder can be designed as a double-acting cylinder. This also makes it possible to clamp the additional frame onto the base frame. The tilt cylinder can be a hydraulic or pneumatic cylinder.

Furthermore, it is conceivable that the additional frame can be fixed to the base frame by releasable locks, preferably bolt or staple locks. By means of these locks, the intermediate additional frame can be fixed rotatably on the base frame. For example, the one or more left-hand locks can be closed while the right-hand locks are open. This makes it possible for the additional frame to be tilted to the left. If the intermediate frame is to be tilted to the right, the corresponding right-hand locks must be closed while the left-hand locks are opened so that the intermediate frame can tilt to the right. If the intermediate frame should tilt backwards, the rear locks must be closed, while the left and right locks are open. The locks can be actuated hydraulically and / or pneumatically. At least four such locks can be provided, in particular at least two locks on each of the two longitudinal sides of the base frame.

The additional frame and / or the base frame can have at least one, in particular hydraulic, container lock. This allows a container to be attached to the trailer. The at least one, preferably several, container locks can be arranged on a locking device which can be mounted on the base frame or on the additional frame. With the container locks, a container can be detachably attached to the additional frame or base frame. The at least one container lock can be designed as a hydraulically actuated bolt lock.

The trailer can have at least one rear support. This can prevent the trailer from tipping backwards while it is being loaded. In addition, the trailer can be secured in a horizontal position when parked. Furthermore, the trailer can be lowered onto the rear support in the lowered state at the rear, so that the loading area and the at least one ramp form one level.

The trailer can have a platform floor with a connector strip into which the transverse jaws can be inserted. The cross jaws can be used to implement stops for machines that are transported on the trailer. This prevents the load from slipping while driving.

In a further embodiment of the invention it can be provided that the trailer has a flatbed floor which has receptacles for plug-in stanchions. The stanchions can be tubular or designed as an angle profile. In particular, if they are designed as angle profiles, formwork profiles, for example, can be inserted between the angle profiles. This means that several formwork profiles can be stacked on top of one another and transported safely.

The trailer can have at least one foldable ramp at its rear end. This makes it possible, for example, to drive machines onto the trailer when the trailer is lowered to the rear. It is conceivable to provide only one foldable ramp that extends over the entire width of the trailer. Alternatively, it is conceivable to provide two ramps, the distance between which corresponds approximately to the track width of the machines to be driven on.

The at least one ramp can be folded down hydraulically or with the aid of a spring. This simplifies handling for an operator. Further advantages result if the at least one ramp can be bent. In this way, a longer ramp can be implemented, which is kinked or folded in in the transport position. In particular, a ramp that is 2 m or longer can be implemented in this way. With such a long ramp, a very slight incline can be realized so that machines or vehicles that can only cope with a slight incline can be driven onto the trailer.

At least one of the ramps can have a railroad track. This makes it possible, for example, to drive a locomotive onto the trailer and then transport it. With a locomotive in particular, it is advantageous if the ramps are particularly long. Thus, the railroad tracks can be provided in particular on the foldable ramps.

Another possible use for the trailer is when it has a tarpaulin frame. Thus the loading area of the trailer can be covered by a tarpaulin.

The tarpaulin frame can have sliding rails at the top so that a tarpaulin can be moved along the tarpaulin frame for loading the trailer.

The bed can have a rubber covering. This makes it possible, for example, to drive a roller safely onto the trailer. As an alternative or in addition, the at least one ramp can also have a rubber covering.

Furthermore, the trailer can have a lateral perforated rail system for receiving, for example, tension belts. Thus, the load can be secured particularly well on the trailer.

For securing cargo, it is also advantageous if the trailer has pull-out U-brackets to accommodate tension belts, for example. Since the U-brackets can be pulled out, they can also be lowered into the platform floor so that they are not an obstacle when they are not needed.

In the area of the front edge of the base frame, a particularly hydraulic or electric cable winch can be provided. This can, for example, help to pull cargo onto the trailer.

In a further embodiment, a support block with an insert can be provided. A conveyor belt, for example, can be placed on the support bracket if it is to be transported on the trailer.

The trailer can have an ABS braking system. This means that the trailer can also be operated at speeds greater than 62 km / h.

Further features and advantages of the invention emerge from the following detailed description of exemplary embodiments of the invention, on the basis of the figures, which show details essential to the invention, and from the claims. The features shown in the drawing are shown in such a way that the special features according to the invention can be made clearly visible. The various features can each be implemented individually or collectively in any combination in the case of variants of the invention.

• 1 eine Seitenansicht einer ersten Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Anhängers mit knickbaren Rampen;
• 2 eine Seitenansicht des Anhängers mit abgesenkter Deichsel;
• 3 eine Seitenansicht des Anhängers in einer heckseitig abgesenkten Position;
• 4 eine Seitenansicht des Anhängers mit nach hinten abgekipptem Zusatzrahmen;
• 5 eine Ansicht von hinten des Anhängers mit zur Seite abgekipptem Zusatzrahmen;
• 6 eine perspektivische Ansicht des Anhängers mit eingesteckten Rungen;
• 7 eine Draufsicht auf den Anhänger;
• 8 eine Seitenansicht eines Anhängers mit Planengestell;
• 9 eine perspektivische Ansicht eines Anhängers mit Einschiebling und Lagerbock,
• 10 eine Verriegelungseinheit.

Show it:

• 1 a side view of a first embodiment of the trailer according to the invention with foldable ramps;
• 2 a side view of the trailer with the drawbar lowered;
• 3 a side view of the trailer in a rear lowered position;
• 4th a side view of the trailer with the additional frame tilted backwards;
• 5 a view from the rear of the trailer with the additional frame tilted to the side;
• 6th a perspective view of the trailer with stanchions inserted;
• 7th a top view of the trailer;
• 8th a side view of a trailer with tarpaulin frame;
• 9 a perspective view of a trailer with insert and bearing block,
• 10 a locking unit.

the 1 shows a trailer 10 with a base frame 12th that is part of a chassis. Furthermore, the trailer points 10 a drawbar 14th on that at the point 16 between a leading edge 18th and a wheel 20th pivotable relative to the base frame 12th is arranged. In the embodiment shown is on the drawbar 14th a support leg 22nd arranged over the drawbar 14th on the ground 24 supports.

In the area of the front edge 18th of the base frame 12th is a mounting plate 26th to see where the support leg 22nd can be attached if necessary. To this end, the mounting plate 26th a hole pattern 28 on, which allows the support leg 22nd to be attached at different heights. It should be noted that the support leg 22nd itself is adjustable in length. In particular, the support leg 22nd designed as a support winch. For this purpose there is an operating crank 30th intended.

The drawbar 14th can regarding the basic framework 12th by means of a pivoting mechanism that can in particular be actuated hydraulically or pneumatically 32 be pivoted.

The trailer 10 has a two-axle pendulum axle unit 33 which part of the chassis is. The basic frame 12th is therefore part of the chassis and can go around the axis 34 be pivoted. Thus it is possible to use the trailer 10 Lower the rear as shown in the illustration, with the trailer 10 over a support 35 on the ground 24 supports. This lowering movement is implemented by the pivoting mechanism 32 which may have a hydraulic component to the base frame 12th and thus the entire rear of the vehicle relative to the drawbar 14th to pivot and thus lower the rear.

At the far end, the trailer points 10 two ramps 36 , 38 on. By the ramps 36 , 38 they are foldable ramps. The ramp 38 is shown in the bent state. To reduce the wind resistance while driving, the ramps are 36 , 38 designed as kinkable ramps, so that they, like this for the ramp 38 shown can be kinked while driving. The ramp 36 is shown in the unfolded state. Here you can see that the ramp 36 is very long. By having the trailer 10 the rear is not completely lowered to the ground, but extends over the support 35 on the ground 24 supported, there is a slight slope of the loading area 40 of the trailer 10 . By the ramp 36 becomes the loading area 40 virtually lengthened without changing the slope. It is thus possible to put a vehicle to be transported on the trailer on a very slight incline 10 to open.

Furthermore, the trailer points 10 an additional frame 42 which is described in more detail below.

The drawbar 14th has a towing eye 44 with which a connection to a towing vehicle can be established. About the connection section 46 the towing eye 44 in a direction parallel to the longitudinal direction of the drawbar 14th and adjust orthogonally to it. As a result, an adaptation to the towing vehicle that is to be used can take place.

In the embodiment of the trailer according to 2 is the drawbar 14th not over the support leg 22nd propped up, but on the ground 24 filed. The support leg 22nd is in a different orientation in the area of the front edge 18th , especially on the mounting plate 26th , the trailer 10 attached. Thus, the base frame 12th and the additional frame arranged thereon 42 be held or supported in a horizontal position. It is thus possible for a vehicle to be very close to the trailer 10 can approach, especially via the drawbar 14th can drive and a container from the vehicle to the trailer 10 can pass without the trailer 10 tilts forward. To a container that is on the trailer 10 is deposited, to fasten, container locks to be described later are provided. These can be operated hydraulically or pneumatically.

In the embodiment of the trailer 10 according to the 3 is the support leg 22nd back on the drawbar 14th attached. The basic frame 12th is opposite the drawbar 14th pivoted. The trailer 10 is lowered at the rear. In particular, the base frame lies 12th directly on the ground 24 on. This means that the (rear) support 35 in this case is absent. The loading area 40 thus takes a larger angle to the ground 24 a than in the 1 . The long ramps 36 , 38 are not required in this case. It is, however, a ramp 54 provided that extends over the entire width of the trailer 10 extends. Over the ramp 54 A vehicle to be transported can now be placed on the trailer 10 drive up. In the exemplary embodiment shown, the trailer 10 no additional frame 42 on.

In the embodiment according to 4th is the support leg 22nd again in the area of the leading edge 18th of the base frame 12th arranged and supports the trailer 10 so that the base frame 12th is oriented horizontally.

On the additional frame 42 are locking units 60 , 62 arranged, which have the container locks, with which in this case a trough 64 with side walls 56 on the additional frame 42 is fixed. The additional frame 42 is relative to the base frame 12th pivoted by a tilt cylinder 58 . The additional frame 42 is in particular about an axis that runs parallel to the wheel axles, relative to the base frame 12th pivoted. In the rear area of the base frame 12th is the additional frame 42 with the base frame 12th connected via a detachable tilting bearing that defines the tilting axis.

In the 4th Locks are not visible, which in this case are released in order to allow the additional frame to pivot 42 to allow backwards. The additional frame 42 on the base frame 12th be determined. Such locks are on the right and left on the additional frame 42 intended. If the locks are only released on one side and those on the other side remain locked, then locked locks represent a pivot axis around which the additional frame 42 can be pivoted laterally.

On the additional frame 42 are stops designed as half-shells 63 for rolling the trough 64 or a container is provided to prevent them from tipping over the additional frame 42 slide backwards.

This is also in the 5 shown. On the left is the stop 63 recognizable while it is hidden on the right, so the role 65 the trough 64 is better to see. Furthermore, in the 5 lateral tilting (to the left) of the additional frame 42 shown. For this purpose, the locks on the left are closed so that the additional frame 42 via the tilt cylinder 58 can be tilted to the left. The locks on the right are released. To enable tilting to the right, the left-hand locks and the rear tilting bearing would have to be released and the right-hand locks closed. When the side wall 56 can be opened in the hollow 64 Any bulk goods located there are unloaded.

In the embodiment of 6th of the trailer 10 can be seen that the trailer has a flatbed 66 has, the connector strips 68 for cross jaws 70 having. The cross jaws 70 can serve as a stop for goods or machines to be transported.

There are also recordings 72 for stanchions 74 intended. Through the stakes 74 cargo can be secured. There is also a side perforated rail system 76 to recognize that, for example, can accommodate straps to secure cargo. In addition, there are pull-out U-brackets 78 provided, which can also be used to secure transport goods. The U-bracket 78 can be at the front and / or rear end of the trailer 10 be provided. The perforated rail systems 76 can be left and right of the trailer 10 be provided.

Lateral guides designed as strips 67 form a guide for a container or a trough. Between the tours 67 lies the bed floor 66 . The top of the bed floor 66 is lower than the top of the guides 67 so that between the tours 67 a receptacle is designed for at least partially receiving a container or a trough. The container or the trough can be on the top of the guides 67 lie flat.

On the trailer 10 are locking units 60 , 62 intended. An alignment device is used to align the container / trough 69 . The alignment device 69 has four alignment elements in the exemplary embodiment shown 71 which taper towards their free end, in particular are wedge-shaped at the end. In the exemplary embodiment shown, the alignment elements are on the locking units 60 , 62 arranged, in particular inserted into this. In a variant it can be provided that the alignment elements are in the platform floor 66 are retractable or are arranged to be pivotable.

In the embodiment shown, the locking units are on the base frame 12th arranged. If the trailer 10 an additional frame 42 has, at least one, preferably both, locking units on the additional frame 42 be arranged.

In the 10 is a locking unit 60 shown. The locking unit 62 is designed analogously. Here you can see that the locking unit 60 the four alignment elements 71 has, which here rigid but manually removable on the body 75 the locking unit 60 are arranged. Hydraulically or pneumatically pivotable ones can also be seen Container locks 50 , 52 that when attached and by the alignment elements 69 Pivot the centered container or trough and place the container or trough on the trailer 10 lock.

At the end of the guided tour 67 are role recordings 73 . intended to accommodate rolls of the container / trough.

the 7th Figure 10 shows a top view of the trailer 10 according to the 6th , but without inserted stakes. Otherwise, those related to the 6th elements described with corresponding reference numerals. Here you can also see that the support leg 22nd at the leading edge 18th is arranged.

The peculiarity of the embodiment according to 8th is that the trailer 10 a tarpaulin frame 80 so that the loading area of the trailer 10 can be covered by a tarpaulin. The tarpaulin frame 80 can have a rail system in the upper area so that the tarpaulin can be pushed back at the top so that the trailer can be loaded 10 is simplified.

In the embodiment of the trailer according to the 9 can be seen that the platform floor 66 a rubber covering in some areas 82 which allows a roller to be opened. Furthermore is at the front end of the trailer 10 a support bracket 84 with insert 86 to see. On the support bracket 84 For example, a conveyor belt can be placed or supported by it during transport.

QUOTES INCLUDED IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant was generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Patent literature cited

• DE 102018121747 A1 [0002]

Claims (26)

Trailer (10) with a chassis (12) comprising a base frame, and a drawbar (14) which at a point between a front edge (18) of the base frame (12) and a wheel (20) of the trailer (10) relative to the base frame (12) is arranged pivotably, characterized in that the trailer (10) has a guide (67) for a container and / or the trailer (10) has at least one ramp (36, 28, 54) with a length greater than or equal to 60 cm having. Trailer after Claim 1 , characterized in that the guide for the container comprises two lateral strips, between which a recess for at least partially receiving the container is formed. Trailer according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that roller receptacles (73) are provided for receiving rollers of the container. Trailer according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that an alignment device (69) is provided for aligning a container. Trailer according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the trailer (10) has a support foot which is arranged on the drawbar or on the base frame (12). Trailer after Claim 5 , characterized in that a fastening point for the support foot (22) is provided both on the drawbar (14) and in the area of the front edge (18) of the base frame (12) and the support foot (22) optionally on the drawbar (14) or can be attached to the base frame (12). Trailer according to one of the preceding Claims 5 or 6th , characterized in that the support foot (22) can be attached to the drawbar (14) in a different orientation than to the base frame (12). Trailer according to one of the preceding Claims 5 until 7th , characterized in that the support leg (22) is adjustable in length. Trailer according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the trailer (10) can be lowered at the rear. Trailer according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the trailer (10) has a two-axle pendulum axle unit (33) or an air suspension unit. Trailer according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the trailer (10) has an additional frame (42) which can be pivoted about at least one, preferably three axes with respect to the base frame (12). Trailer after Claim 11 , characterized in that the additional frame (42) and / or the base frame (12) has at least one, in particular hydraulic, container lock (50, 52). Trailer according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the trailer (10) has at least one rear support (35). Trailer according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the trailer (10) has a platform floor (66) with a plug-in strip (68) into which transverse jaws (70) can be inserted. Trailer according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the trailer (10) has a platform floor (66) which has receptacles (72) for stanchions (74). Trailer according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the trailer (10) has at least one foldable ramp (36, 38, 54) at its rear end. Trailer after Claim 11 , characterized in that the at least one ramp (36, 38, 54) can be folded down hydraulically or with the aid of a spring. Trailer after one of the Claims 11 or 12th , characterized in that at least one ramp (36, 38) can be bent. Trailer according to one of the preceding Claims 11 until 13th , characterized in that at least one of the ramps (36, 38, 54) has a railroad track. Trailer according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the trailer (10) has a tarpaulin frame (80). Trailer after Claim 15 , characterized in that the tarpaulin frame (80) has sliding rails at the top, so that a tarpaulin for loading the trailer (10) can be moved along the tarpaulin frame (80). Trailer according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the platform (66) and / or a ramp has a rubber covering (82). Trailer according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the trailer (10) has a lateral perforated rail system (76) for receiving, for example, tension belts. Trailer according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the trailer has pull-out U-brackets (78) for receiving, for example, tension belts. Trailer according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it has an in particular hydraulic or electric cable winch in the area of the front edge (18) of the base frame (12). Trailer according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a support frame (84) with an insert (86) is provided.

Images