DE102020106154B4 - sheet-fed printing press - Google Patents

Abstract

Sheet-fed printing machine (01), wherein the sheet-fed printing machine (01) has a cylinder pair consisting of two counter-pressure cylinders (501; 502; 601; 602; 701; 702) which are arranged to be in direct contact with one another and/or to interact directly with one another and/or to be able to interact directly, and wherein one counter-pressure cylinder (501; 502; 601; 602; 701; 702) of these two counter-pressure cylinders (501; 502; 601; 602; 701; 702) of the cylinder pair is arranged to be in direct contact with one another and/or to interact directly with one another and/or to be able to interact directly, and wherein the other Impression cylinder (501; 502; 601; 602; 701; 702) of these two impression cylinders (501; 502; 601; 602; 701; 702) of the cylinder pair are arranged to be in direct contact and/or to interact directly and/or to be able to interact directly with at least one forme cylinder (603; 604; 606; 607), which is designed as a numbering forme cylinder (503; 504; 506; 507) or as a screen printing forme cylinder (703; 704; 706; 707).

Description

The invention relates to a sheet-fed printing machine according to the features of claim 1 and claim 2.

There are a variety of different sheet-fed printing machines, each of which has a special design depending on the printing process used. In the area of security printing in particular, sheets are processed one after the other using different printing processes and/or other processing methods. A corresponding printing company must then have a large number of printing machines on hand and, if there are changes in the design of the securities, replace printing machines or purchase additional printing machines. Due to the small number of units, for example, the purchase costs for individual printing machines can be relatively high.

An exact match of a printed image on the front and back of a double-sided printed material is called register (DIN 16500-2). In multi-colour printing, the term register (DIN 16500-2) refers to when individual printed images of different colours are combined to form an image in an exact match. In particular in connection with the production of securities, suitable measures must be taken to ensure that register and/or register are maintained. The register is also called colour register. The term register mark should therefore also be understood below as a register mark, i.e. a mark for checking the register or colour register.

Through the EP 0 949 069 A1 A sheet-fed printing machine with a sheet-fed simultaneous printing unit is known. WO 2007/042919 A2 A sheet-fed printing press with a simultaneous sheet-fed printing unit is known, on which an additional simultaneous sheet-fed printing unit is arranged.

Through the EP 0 351 366 A2 A sheet-fed printing press with a sheet-fed simultaneous printing unit with transfer cylinders arranged one above the other is known.

Through the DE 197 56 990 A1 A sheet-fed printing machine is known which has four double printing units, each operating according to the offset printing process, for simultaneous printing of both sides of the sheet with a respective printing color.

The EP 3 375 610 A1 shows a simultaneous printing unit with two collecting cylinders arranged diagonally one above the other and two forme cylinders per collecting cylinder, whereby the forme cylinders are assigned a respective ink supply, the position of which is arranged relatively steeply in relation to the axis of rotation of the forme cylinder interacting with this ink supply. A supplying transfer cylinder has a circumference that is half the size of a supplying transfer cylinder. It is mentioned that further printing units can be arranged, which work, for example, according to a letterpress printing process or a screen printing process.

Through the US 1 698 544 A A web-fed printing machine is known for the simultaneous printing of two superimposed material webs on one side at a time using the simultaneous printing process, in which the web is cut after printing. Two counter-pressure cylinders, essentially collecting cylinders arranged one above the other, are each in contact with two forme cylinders and together form a printing gap. The circumferences of the collecting cylinders are twice as large as the circumferences of the forme cylinders.

Through the DE 219 802 A A web-fed printing machine for simultaneous printing with interacting counter-pressure cylinders arranged essentially one above the other is known.

Through the DE 40 21 895 A1 A printing machine for printing on material webs is known, the transfer cylinder and the inking unit of which can alternately interact with one of two forme cylinders.

Through the CH 432 557 A A sheet-fed printing machine is known that works according to an offset printing principle and that in one operating mode has two sheet-fed printing units, each of which can print sheets in one color from two sides and which in another operating mode can print sheets together in one color on one side in four colors. Impression cylinders are arranged in pairs one above the other. Ink supplies are sometimes arranged relatively steeply above form cylinders.

Through the DE 12 68 153 A A sheet-fed printing machine for an offset printing process is known which, in one operating mode, has two sheet-fed printing units, each of which can print sheets in one color from two sides, and which, in another operating mode, can jointly print sheets on one side in four colors.

Through the US 2 525 931 A A simultaneous sheet-fed printing unit is known with essentially collecting cylinders arranged one above the other and two forme cylinders each. The circumferences of the collecting cylinders are just as large as the circumferences of the forme cylinders. Sheets are transported via conveyor belts.

Through the DE 435 902 A A sheet-fed printing unit is known which has two horizontal double printing units for offset printing, wherein sheets are transferred from a transfer cylinder of one double printing unit directly to a transfer cylinder of the other double printing unit and these two transfer cylinders are thus arranged partially one above the other.

Through the DE 10 2010 003 435 A1 A sheet-fed printing machine is known that works according to an offset printing process and can optionally accommodate one of several forme cylinders in an additional printing unit and is then designed accordingly for gravure printing, letterpress printing, flexographic printing, planographic printing or screen printing. The additional printing unit has a counter-pressure cylinder whose circumference is twice as large as that of the forme cylinder that interacts with it.

Through the DE 100 25 453 A1 A sheet-fed offset printing press is known which has an additional printing unit which has a numbering forme cylinder with several numbering units.

Through the DE 11 2012 006 348 T5 A sheet-fed printing machine is known which has a screen printing unit, an alignment device arranged thereafter, a drying device arranged thereafter and a letterpress unit arranged thereafter. A screen printing form cylinder and a counter-pressure cylinder working together with it have the same circumference.

Through the DE 10 2009 002 580 A1 A sheet-fed printing machine is known by means of which sheets can be printed on one side and which has several offset printing units and an additional printing unit that can optionally be equipped with different forme cylinders, for example for numbering.

Through the EP 0 976 555 A1 is a printing machine for printing using the offset printing process and for varnishing.

Through the EP 2 910 374 B1 is a printing machine for numbering and varnishing.

Through the republished DE 10 2018 122 157 A1 A sheet-fed printing press is known which can have different printing units.

The invention is based on the object of creating a sheet-fed printing press.

The object is achieved according to the invention by the features of claim 1 and claim 2.

One advantage that can be achieved with the invention is in particular that a corresponding printing press can be easily expanded or, if necessary, reduced and/or requires comparatively little installation space, for example also in comparison with several separate printing presses. A sheet processing machine, in particular a sheet-fed printing press, is preferably designed for processing, in particular printing and more preferably for two-sided processing, in particular two-sided printing of sheets, in particular for producing securities, for example banknotes. The sheet processing machine has, for example, at least one sheet processing unit and more preferably at least two sheet processing units and even more preferably at least three sheet processing units.

In an alternative or additional development, the sheet-fed printing press is preferably characterized in that the sheet-fed printing press, in particular in addition to other sheet-fed printing units, has a cylinder pair consisting of two impression cylinders that are arranged to be in direct contact with one another and/or to interact directly with one another and/or to be able to interact directly, and that one impression cylinder of these two impression cylinders of the cylinder pair is arranged to be in direct contact with at least one forme cylinder designed as a flexo forme cylinder and/or to interact directly and/or to be able to interact directly, and that the other impression cylinder of these two impression cylinders of the cylinder pair is arranged to be in direct contact with at least one forme cylinder designed as a numbering forme cylinder or as a screen printing forme cylinder. This enables a particularly space-saving printing press and a particularly high register accuracy due to the few transfers.

In an alternative or additional development, the sheet-fed printing machine is preferably characterized in that the first impression cylinder of these two impression cylinders of the cylinder pair is arranged along a transport path provided for transporting sheets in direct contact with and/or directly interacting and/or capable of directly interacting with at least one forme cylinder, which is designed as a numbering forme cylinder or as a screen printing forme cylinder and/or ... with at least one forme cylinder, which is designed as a numbering forme cylinder or as a screen printing forme cylinder and/or that the first impression cylinder of these two impression cylinders of the cylinder pair is arranged along a transport path provided for transporting sheets in direct contact with and/or directly interacting with at least one forme cylinder, which is designed as a numbering forme cylinder or as a screen printing forme cylinder and/or that the first impression cylinder of these two impression cylinders of the cylinder pair is arranged along a transport path provided for transporting sheets in direct contact with and/or directly interacting with at least one forme cylinder, which is designed as a numbering forme cylinder or as a screen printing forme cylinder and/or that the first impression cylinder of a transport path provided for the transport of sheets, a second impression cylinder of these two impression cylinders of the cylinder pair is arranged so as to be in direct contact with and/or to interact directly and/or to be able to interact directly with at least one forme cylinder designed as a flexographic forme cylinder. This cylinder pair can then be used particularly well in printing machines with a final varnishing. In an alternative or additional development, the sheet-fed printing machine is preferably characterized in that along a transport path provided for the transport of sheets, after the cylinder pair, at least one further impression cylinder is arranged which is in direct contact with and/or to interact directly and/or to be able to interact directly with at least one forme cylinder designed as a flexographic forme cylinder. This makes it possible to implement varnishing on both sides.

In an alternative or additional development, the sheet-fed printing press is preferably characterized in that at least one dryer is arranged aligned with a lateral surface of the first impression cylinder of these two impression cylinders of the cylinder pair along a transport path provided for transporting sheets. This reduces the risk of contamination despite the small installation space. In an alternative or additional development, the sheet-fed printing press is preferably characterized in that a standard length is assigned to the sheet-fed printing press and that respective circumferences of the at least one flexographic forme cylinder and/or the at least one numbering forme cylinder and/or the at least one screen printing forme cylinder correspond to the standard length and that a respective circumference of the two impression cylinders of the cylinder pair corresponds to the standard length. As a result, only a small installation space is required.

In an alternative or additional development, the sheet-fed printing press is preferably characterized in that at least one further counter-pressure cylinder is arranged in front of the cylinder pair along a transport path provided for transporting sheets, which is arranged so as to be in direct contact with and/or to interact directly and/or to be able to interact directly with at least one forme cylinder, which is designed as a numbering forme cylinder or as a screen printing forme cylinder and/or in that at least two further counter-pressure cylinders are arranged in front of the cylinder pair along a transport path provided for transporting sheets, which are each arranged so as to be in direct contact with and/or to interact directly and/or to be able to interact directly with at least one forme cylinder, which are each designed as a numbering forme cylinder or as a screen printing forme cylinder.

In an alternative or additional development, the sheet-fed printing press is preferably characterized in that the sheet-fed printing press has, in particular in addition to a pair of impression cylinders, at least two sheet-fed printing units, wherein a first sheet-fed printing unit is preferably designed as a simultaneous sheet-fed printing unit and wherein the second sheet-fed printing unit preferably has at least one forme cylinder which is arranged to be in direct contact with and/or interact with the impression cylinder of the second sheet-fed printing unit and which is designed as a screen printing forme cylinder or as a flexo forme cylinder or as a numbering forme cylinder. In an alternative or additional development, the sheet-fed printing press is preferably characterized in that the second sheet-fed printing unit has two cylinders of the first type designed as impression cylinders which are arranged to be in direct contact with and/or interact with one another and whose respective circumference corresponds to the unit length. In particular, this allows costs to be saved despite the modular design. In an alternative or additional development, the sheet-fed printing machine is preferably characterized in that the second sheet-fed printing unit has two cylinders of the first type designed as impression cylinders, which are arranged to be in direct contact with one another and/or to interact directly with one another, and in that the second sheet-fed printing unit has two forme cylinders, each of which is arranged to be in direct contact with one of these impression cylinders of the second sheet-fed printing unit and/or to interact with one another, and each of which is designed as a screen printing forme cylinder or as a flexo forme cylinder or as a numbering forme cylinder. This means that the corresponding sheet-fed printing unit can also be used for perfecting with only minor structural changes.

In an alternative or additional development, the sheet-fed printing machine is preferably characterized in that the second sheet-fed printing unit has, in addition to the two impression cylinders, two further cylinders provided for transporting sheets and/or that these two further cylinders are designed as alignment cylinders of an alignment device for printing ink and/or at least one drying device is arranged aligned with each of these two further cylinders provided for transporting sheets.

In an alternative or additional development, the sheet-fed printing machine is preferably characterized by the fact that the second sheet-fed printing unit has four cylinders provided for transporting sheets, and that a respective axis of rotation of the first and fourth of these four cylinders in relation to the transport path is arranged at the same height, and that a rotation axis of the second of these four cylinders in relation to the transport path is arranged at a lower height than this respective axis of rotation of the first and fourth of these four cylinders in relation to the transport path, and that a rotation axis of the third of these four cylinders in relation to the transport path is arranged at a greater height than this respective axis of rotation of the first and fourth of these four cylinders in relation to the transport path. This results in an arrangement for each impression cylinder which ensures interaction with a forme cylinder with as much free surrounding space as possible.

In an alternative or additional development, the sheet-fed printing press is preferably characterized in that a unit length is assigned to the sheet-fed printing press and that respective circumferences of the collecting cylinders of the simultaneous sheet-fed printing unit correspond to twice the unit length and wherein respective circumferences of the forme cylinders of the at least two sheet-fed printing units correspond to the unit length and that a circumference of the impression cylinder of the second sheet-fed printing unit corresponds to the unit length.

In an alternative or additional development, the sheet-fed printing press is preferably characterized in that the simultaneous sheet-fed printing unit has at least one form feed device for feeding printing forms to a respective form cylinder for each form cylinder. In an alternative or additional development, the sheet-fed printing press is preferably characterized in that the sheet-fed printing press has at least one inspection unit which has a reflection inspection device and/or a transmission inspection device which is arranged aligned with a section of a transport path provided for transporting sheets arranged after the second sheet-fed printing unit.

In an alternative or additional development, the sheet-fed printing press is preferably characterized in that the sheet-fed printing press has a sheet delivery designed as a multiple stack delivery. In an alternative or additional development, the sheet-fed printing press is preferably characterized in that the sheet-fed printing press has a sheet delivery and that one of the collecting cylinders of the simultaneous sheet printing unit is designed as a sheet transport cylinder and is arranged to be in direct contact with both a feeding sheet transfer element and a discharging sheet transfer element and/or to interact directly and/or to be able to interact, and that both for a rotation axis of the feeding sheet transfer element and for a rotation axis of the discharging sheet transfer element, a section of a chain of a chain gripper system of the sheet delivery is arranged above these rotation axes and that another section of this chain is arranged below these rotation axes. This makes it possible to transport the sheets continuously at as uniform a height as possible and to achieve improved accessibility of the printing press for operators.

In an alternative or additional development, at least one sheet-fed printing unit is preferably characterized in that the sheet-fed printing unit has at least a first cylinder of the first type designed as an impression cylinder and/or sheet transport cylinder and/or collecting cylinder and/or transfer cylinder and a second cylinder of the first type designed as an impression cylinder and/or sheet transport cylinder and/or collecting cylinder and/or transfer cylinder, which are arranged in direct contact with one another and/or interacting directly with one another and which each have an axis of rotation. An axis plane is a plane that contains both the axis of rotation of the first cylinder of the first type and the axis of rotation of the second cylinder of the first type. Furthermore, a reference plane is a plane that contains at least one axis of rotation of such a cylinder of the first type and which has a horizontal surface normal. These two cylinders of the first type are preferably arranged at least during a processing operation, in particular a printing operation, such that the intersection angle between the axis plane on the one hand and the reference plane on the other hand is at most 45°, more preferably at most 30°, even more preferably at most 15°, even more preferably at most 10°, even more preferably at most 5°, even more preferably at most 2°, even more preferably at most 1° and even more preferably at most 0.5° and/or exactly 0°. This then results in the particular advantage that, for example, two-sided processing is possible with only a small space requirement for the sheet-fed printing unit and/or a favorable course of the transport path provided for the transport of sheets. The sheet-fed printing unit is preferably assigned the unit length.

In an alternative or additional development, the sheet-fed printing unit is preferably characterized in that the sheet-fed printing unit has exactly two cylinders of the second type designed as sheet transfer cylinders, each of which is arranged in direct contact with one of the two cylinders of the first type and/or in direct interaction, for example with the same or with the other, depending on the design of the sheet printing unit. This then results in particularly safe transport with particularly precise positioning of the sheets.

In an alternative or additional development, the sheet-fed printing unit is preferably characterized in that the sheet-fed printing unit has at least one forme cylinder which is arranged to be in direct contact with and/or to interact directly with one of the cylinders of the first type. In an alternative or additional development, the sheet-fed printing unit is preferably characterized in that the sheet-fed printing unit has at least two forme cylinders, of which at least one forme cylinder is arranged to be in direct contact with and/or to interact directly with the first cylinder of the first type and of which at least one other forme cylinder is arranged to be in direct contact with and/or to interact directly with the second cylinder of the first type.

In an alternative or additional development, the sheet-fed printing unit is preferably characterized in that the sheet-fed printing unit has exactly four cylinders of the third type, in particular designed as forme cylinders, of which exactly two are arranged in direct contact with the first cylinder of the first type and/or in direct interaction with it, and exactly two others are arranged in direct contact with the second cylinder of the first type and/or in direct interaction with it. Preferably, at least one first cutting plane oriented parallel to the reference plane intersects both a first of the two cylinders of the second type designed as a supply sheet transfer cylinder and two of the four cylinders of the third type, wherein these two are further preferably each assigned to a different one of the two cylinders of the first type. Preferably, at least one second cutting plane oriented parallel to the reference plane intersects both a second of the two cylinders of the second type designed as a discharge sheet transfer cylinder and the other two of the four cylinders of the third type, wherein these two are further preferably each assigned to a different one of the two cylinders of the first type.

In an alternative or additional development, the sheet-fed printing unit is preferably characterized in that the respective circumferences of the two cylinders of the first type correspond to twice the unit length and/or that the respective circumferences of the two cylinders of the second type correspond to the unit length and/or that the respective circumferences of the cylinders of the third type, in particular the four cylinders of the third type, correspond to the unit length. This arrangement creates space to accommodate different additional components such as inking units, dryers, cleaning devices or similar as required, without having to change the basic configuration of the cylinders.

In an alternative or additional development, the sheet-fed printing unit is preferably characterized in that the sheet-fed printing unit is designed as a simultaneous sheet-fed printing unit and the first cylinder of the first type is designed as a collecting cylinder and the second cylinder of the first type is designed as a collecting cylinder. The simultaneous sheet-fed printing unit preferably has exactly four forme cylinders, of which exactly two are arranged in direct contact with and/or directly interacting with the first collecting cylinder and of which exactly two others are arranged in direct contact with and/or directly interacting with the second collecting cylinder. Preferably, at least one inking unit is arranged per forme cylinder, which has at least one respective ink supply. In an alternative or additional development, the sheet-fed printing unit is preferably characterized in that for each ink supply, at least one supply cutting plane is defined, which both intersects this ink supply and contains the axis of rotation of the forme cylinder that interacts with and/or is able to interact with the inking unit that contains this ink supply. More preferably, an intersection angle between the reference plane on the one hand and at least one such supply intersection plane of the respective color supply on the other hand is at most 45°, even more preferably at most 35°, even more preferably at most 25° and even more preferably at most 20°. In an alternative or additional development, the simultaneous sheet-fed printing unit is preferably characterized in that respective circumferences of the two collecting cylinders correspond to twice the unit length and more preferably respective circumferences of the two cylinders of the second type and/or respective circumferences of the four forme cylinders correspond to the unit length.

In an alternative or additional development, the sheet-fed printing unit is preferably characterized in that on at least one and more preferably on each of these two impression cylinders, that region of a transport path provided for transporting sheets in which contact is provided between the sheet on the one hand and the outer surface of the respective impression cylinder on the other hand, extends over an angular range of at least 270°, more preferably at least 290°, even more preferably at least 300° and even more preferably at least at least 310°. In other words, this means that a transport path is provided for transporting sheets and that this transport path for the respective impression cylinder, in particular for each of these two impression cylinders, has a region in which contact is provided between the sheet on the one hand and the outer surface of the respective impression cylinder on the other hand, and that this region of the transport path for the respective impression cylinder, in particular for the respective of these two impression cylinders, extends over an angular range of at least 270°, more preferably at least 290°, even more preferably at least 300° and even more preferably at least 310°. This angular range is preferably measured in a particularly imaginary plane whose surface normal is oriented parallel to the axis of rotation of the corresponding impression cylinder, with a vertex of this angular range lying on this axis of rotation of the corresponding impression cylinder. This is particularly advantageous in the case of sheet-fed printing units which have an S-shaped course of the transport path provided for the transport of sheets around the two cylinders of the first type, in particular in the case of sheet numbering printing units and/or flexographic printing units and/or screen printing units, each for double-sided printing. The transport path provided is particularly relevant here. It is preferably irrelevant or at least of secondary importance which components of the surface of the cylinder jacket of the respective impression cylinder actually come into contact with the sheet. For example, a very short sheet could only touch a quarter of the surface of the cylinder jacket of the respective impression cylinder and the sheet could still be in contact with the corresponding impression cylinder along its transport path over the angular range of at least 270°.

In an alternative or additional development, the sheet-fed printing unit is preferably characterized in that at least one of the forme cylinders is designed as a flexo forme cylinder or that at least one of the forme cylinders is designed as a numbering forme cylinder on which several numbering units are arranged or that at least one of the forme cylinders is designed as a screen printing forme cylinder.

In an alternative or additional development, the sheet-fed printing press is preferably characterized in that the sheet-fed printing press has at least two sheet-fed printing units.

In an alternative or additional development, the sheet-fed printing machine is preferably characterized in that a first sheet-fed printing unit has a first cylinder of the first type designed as an impression cylinder and a second cylinder of the first type designed as an impression cylinder, which are arranged in direct contact with one another and/or interacting directly with one another and which each have an axis of rotation and that an axis plane is a plane which contains both the axis of rotation of the first cylinder of the first type and the axis of rotation of the second cylinder of the first type and that a reference plane is a plane which contains at least one axis of rotation of such a cylinder of the first type and which has a horizontal surface normal and that these two cylinders of the first type are arranged at least during a machining process such that the intersection angle between the axis plane on the one hand and the reference plane on the other hand is at most 45°, more preferably at most 30°, even more preferably at most 15°, even more preferably at most 10°, even more preferably at most 5°, even more preferably at most 2°, even more preferably at most 1° and even more preferably at most 0.5° and/or exactly 0°.

In an alternative or additional development, the sheet-fed printing machine is preferably characterized in that the first sheet-fed printing unit has at least one forme cylinder which is arranged in direct contact with and/or in direct interaction with the first impression cylinder or with the second impression cylinder and which is designed as a numbering forme cylinder or as a flexo forme cylinder or as a screen printing forme cylinder, and in that a second sheet-fed printing unit has at least one cylinder of the first type designed as an impression cylinder, and in that the first and second impression cylinders of the first printing unit and the at least one impression cylinder of the second printing unit have the same circumference. Then, in turn, similar or identical components can be used by printing units with a similar structure, thus reducing costs and increasing flexibility.

In an alternative or additional development, the sheet-fed printing machine is preferably characterized in that the sheet-fed printing machine has at least two sheet-fed printing units and a first sheet-fed printing unit is designed as a simultaneous sheet-fed printing unit and has a first cylinder of the first type designed as a collecting cylinder and a second cylinder of the first type designed as a collecting cylinder, which are arranged in direct contact with one another and/or in direct interaction with one another and which each have an axis of rotation, and wherein an axis plane is a plane which contains both the axis of rotation of the first cylinder of the first type and the axis of rotation of the second cylinder first type and wherein a reference plane is a plane which contains at least one axis of rotation of such a cylinder of the first type and which has a horizontal surface normal and wherein these two cylinders of the first type are arranged at least during a machining operation such that the intersection angle between the axis plane on the one hand and the reference plane on the other hand is at most 45°, more preferably at most 30°, even more preferably at most 15°, even more preferably at most 10°, even more preferably at most 5°, even more preferably at most 2°, even more preferably at most 1° and even more preferably at most 0.5° and/or exactly 0° and wherein the sheet-fed simultaneous printing unit has exactly four forme cylinders, of which exactly two are arranged to be in direct contact with the first collecting cylinder and/or to interact directly with it and of which exactly two others are arranged to be in direct contact with the second collecting cylinder and/or to interact directly with it. In an alternative or additional development, the sheet-fed printing press is preferably characterized in that a second sheet-fed printing unit has at least one cylinder of the first type designed as an impression cylinder. In an alternative or additional development, the sheet-fed printing press is preferably characterized in that the second sheet-fed printing unit has at least one forme cylinder which is arranged to be in direct contact with the impression cylinder of the second sheet-fed printing unit and/or in particular to interact directly with it and which is designed as a flexo forme cylinder or as a screen printing forme cylinder or as a numbering forme cylinder.

In an alternative or additional development, the sheet-fed printing press is preferably characterized in that the two collecting cylinders of the first printing unit and the at least one counter-pressure cylinder of the second printing unit have the same circumference.

In an alternative or additional development, the sheet-fed printing machine is preferably characterized in that, at least for this impression cylinder of the second sheet-fed printing unit, that region of a transport path provided for transporting sheets in which contact is provided between sheets on the one hand and the outer surface of the respective impression cylinder on the other hand, extends over an angular range of at least 270°, more preferably at least 290°, even more preferably at least 300° and even more preferably at least 310°. In other words, this means that a transport path is provided for transporting sheets and that this transport path for the impression cylinder has a region in which contact is provided between sheets on the one hand and the outer surface of the impression cylinder on the other hand, and that this region of the transport path for the impression cylinder extends over an angular range of at least 270°, more preferably at least 290°, even more preferably at least 300° and even more preferably at least 310°. This angular range is preferably measured in a particularly imaginary plane whose surface normal is oriented parallel to the rotation axis of the impression cylinder, with a vertex of this angular range lying on this rotation axis of the impression cylinder.

In an alternative or additional development, the sheet-fed printing press is preferably characterized in that a first sheet-fed printing unit of the at least two sheet-fed printing units has at least one cylinder of the first type designed as an impression cylinder and at least one cylinder designed as a screen printing forme cylinder, which is arranged in direct contact with the impression cylinder of this first sheet-fed printing unit and/or in particular in direct interaction with it. In an alternative or additional development, the sheet-fed printing press is preferably characterized in that a second sheet-fed printing unit of the at least two sheet-fed printing units has at least one cylinder of the first type, in particular a different cylinder designed as an impression cylinder, and at least one cylinder designed as a screen printing forme cylinder, which is arranged in direct contact with the impression cylinder of this second sheet-fed printing unit and/or in particular in direct interaction with it. In an alternative or additional development, the sheet-fed printing press is preferably characterized in that at least one first alignment device for printing ink is arranged along a transport path provided for the transport of sheets after the at least one screen printing forme cylinder of the first sheet-fed printing unit and/or before the at least one screen printing forme cylinder of the second sheet-fed printing unit and/or at least one first drying device is arranged along the transport path provided for the transport of sheets in the area of and/or after the first alignment device and/or before the at least one screen printing forme cylinder of the second sheet-fed printing unit and/or at least one further alignment device for printing ink is arranged along the transport path provided for the transport of sheets after the at least one screen printing forme cylinder of the second sheet-fed printing unit and/or in particular after the at least one first drying device and/or at least one further drying device is arranged along the transport path provided for the transport of sheets in the area of and/or after the further alignment device.

An arrangement of at least one drying device along the transport path provided for the transport of sheets in the region of a respective alignment device is given in particular when an area of action of the corresponding drying device and an area of action of the alignment device at least partially overlap, for example because the corresponding drying device is arranged at least partially aligned with a corresponding alignment cylinder, in particular in an angular range in which activation of the respective alignment device is provided.

In the foregoing and in the following, the term coating agent or printing fluid includes inks and printing inks, but also primers, varnishes and pasty materials. Printing fluids are preferably materials that are transferred and/or can be transferred to a substrate, in particular a printing material and/or sheet, by a processing machine, in particular a printing machine, or at least one coating unit of the processing machine, in particular at least one printing unit of the printing machine, and in doing so, preferably in a finely structured form and/or not just over a large area, create a preferably visible and/or perceptible by sensory impressions and/or machine-detectable texture on the substrate, in particular the printing material and/or sheet. Inks and printing inks are preferably solutions or dispersions of at least one colorant in at least one solvent. Possible solvents include, for example, water and/or organic solvents. Alternatively or additionally, the printing fluid can be designed as a printing fluid that crosslinks under UV light. Inks are relatively low-viscosity printing fluids and printing inks are relatively high-viscosity printing fluids. Inks preferably contain no binder or relatively little binder, while printing inks preferably contain relatively much binder and more preferably other auxiliary substances. Colorants can be pigments and/or dyes, whereby pigments are insoluble in the application medium, while dyes are soluble in the application medium.

For the sake of simplicity, in the foregoing and in the following - unless explicitly differentiated and named accordingly - the term "printing ink" should be understood to mean a liquid or at least flowable coloring fluid to be printed in the printing machine, which refers not only to the higher-viscosity coloring fluids for use in rotary printing machines that are more commonly associated with the term "printing ink", but also includes, in addition to these higher-viscosity coloring fluids, low-viscosity coloring fluids such as "inks", in particular inkjet inks, but also powdered coloring fluids such as toner. In the foregoing and in the following, colorless varnishes are also meant in particular when referring to printing fluids and/or inks and/or printing inks. In the foregoing and in the following, when referring to printing fluids and/or inks and/or printing inks, the term coating agent is preferably also used to pretreat the printing material (so-called priming or precoating). As an alternative to the term printing fluid, the term coating agent is to be understood as a synonym.

Embodiments of the invention are illustrated in the drawings and are described in more detail below.

• 1 eine schematische Darstellung einer Bogendruckmaschine mit zwei Bogen-Simultandruckeinheiten;
• 2a eine schematische Darstellung einer Bogendruckmaschine mit einer Bogen-Nummerier-Druckeinheit und einer Flexo-Druckeinheit;
• 2b eine schematische Darstellung einer Bogendruckmaschine mit einer Bogen-Nummerier-Druckeinheit und einer Flexo-Druckeinheit;
• 3 eine schematische Darstellung einer Siebdruckeinheit;
• 4a eine schematische Darstellung zweier Siebdruckeinheiten;
• 4b eine schematische Darstellung zweier Siebdruckeinheiten;
• 5 eine schematische Darstellung zweier Siebdruckeinheiten;
• 6 eine schematische Darstellung einer Bogendruckeinheit mit Farbwerken
• 7 eine schematische Darstellung einer Bogendruckeinheit mit Zylindern unterschiedlicher Art;
• 8a eine schematische Darstellung einer Bogendruckmaschine mit einer Bogenzufuhreinrichtung, einer Bogen-Simultandruckeinheit, einer Auslagevorrichtung und entsprechenden Transfereinheiten;
• 8b eine schematische Darstellung einer Bogendruckmaschine mit einer Bogenzufuhreinrichtung, einer als Bogen-Nummerier-Druckeinheit oder als Flexo-Druckeinheit oder als Siebdruckeinheit ausgebildeten Bogendruckeinheit, einer Auslagevorrichtung und entsprechenden Transfereinheiten;
• 8c eine schematische Darstellung einer Bogendruckmaschine mit einer Bogenzufuhreinrichtung, zwei Bogen-Simultandruckeinheiten, einer Auslagevorrichtung und entsprechenden Transfereinheiten;
• 8d eine schematische Darstellung einer Bogendruckmaschine mit einer Bogenzufuhreinrichtung, einer Bogen-Simultandruckeinheit, einer als Bogen-Nummerier-Druckeinheit oder als Flexo-Druckeinheit oder als Siebdruckeinheit ausgebildeten Bogendruckeinheit, einer Auslagevorrichtung und entsprechenden Transfereinheiten;
• 8e eine schematische Darstellung einer Bogendruckmaschine mit einer Bogenzufuhreinrichtung, zwei jeweils als Bogen-Nummerier-Druckeinheit oder als Flexo-Druckeinheit oder als Siebdruckeinheit ausgebildeten Bogendruckeinheiten, einer Auslagevorrichtung und entsprechenden Transfereinheiten;
• 8f eine schematische Darstellung einer Bogendruckmaschine mit einer Bogenzufuhreinrichtung, drei Bogen-Simultandruckeinheiten, einer Auslagevorrichtung und entsprechenden Transfereinheiten;
• 8g eine schematische Darstellung einer Bogendruckmaschine mit einer Bogenzufuhreinrichtung, zwei Bogen-Simultandruckeinheiten, einer als Bogen-Nummerier-Druckeinheit oder als Flexo-Druckeinheit oder als Siebdruckeinheit ausgebildeten Bogendruckeinheit, einer Auslagevorrichtung und entsprechenden Transfereinheiten;
• 8h eine schematische Darstellung einer Bogendruckmaschine mit einer Bogenzufuhreinrichtung, einer Bogen-Simultandruckeinheit, zwei jeweils als Bogen-Nummerier-Druckeinheit oder als Flexo-Druckeinheit oder als Siebdruckeinheit ausgebildeten Bogendruckeinheiten, einer Auslagevorrichtung und entsprechenden Transfereinheiten;
• 8i eine schematische Darstellung einer Bogendruckmaschine mit einer Bogenzufuhreinrichtung, zwei Bogen-Simultandruckeinheiten, zwei jeweils als Bogen-Nummerier-Druckeinheit oder als Flexo-Druckeinheit oder als Siebdruckeinheit ausgebildeten Bogendruckeinheiten, einer Auslagevorrichtung und entsprechenden Transfereinheiten;
• 8j eine schematische Darstellung einer Bogendruckmaschine mit einer Bogenzufuhreinrichtung, drei Bogen-Simultandruckeinheiten, zwei jeweils als Bogen-Nummerier-Druckeinheit oder als Flexo-Druckeinheit oder als Siebdruckeinheit ausgebildeten Bogendruckeinheiten, einer Auslagevorrichtung und entsprechenden Transfereinheiten;
• 9 eine schematische Darstellung einer Bogendruckmaschine mit einer Bogenzufuhreinrichtung, zwei Bogen-Simultandruckeinheiten, einer Auslagevorrichtung und entsprechenden Transfereinheiten;
• 10 eine schematische Darstellung einer Bogendruckmaschine mit einer Bogenzufuhreinrichtung, einer Bogen-Simultandruckeinheit, einer Auslagevorrichtung und einer entsprechenden Transfereinheit;
• 11 eine schematische Darstellung einer Bogendruckmaschine mit einer Bogenzufuhreinrichtung, zwei Bogen-Simultandruckeinheiten, einer Siebdruckeinheit, einer Auslagevorrichtung und entsprechenden Transfereinheiten;
• 12 eine schematische Darstellung einer Bogendruckmaschine mit einer Bogenzufuhreinrichtung, einer Siebdruckeinheit, einer Auslagevorrichtung und entsprechenden Transfereinheiten;
• 13 eine schematische Darstellung einer Bogendruckmaschine mit einer Bogenzufuhreinrichtung, drei Siebdruckeinheiten, einer Auslagevorrichtung und entsprechenden Transfereinheiten;
• 14 eine schematische Darstellung einer Bogendruckmaschine mit einer Bogenzufuhreinrichtung, einer Inspektionseinheit, drei von unten bedruckenden Bogen-Nummerier-Druckeinheiten, einer Flexo-Druckeinheit, einer Auslagevorrichtung und entsprechenden Transfereinheiten;
• 15 eine schematische Darstellung einer Bogendruckmaschine mit einer Bogenzufuhreinrichtung, einer Inspektionseinheit, drei von oben bedruckenden Bogen-Nummerier-Druckeinheiten, einer Flexo-Druckeinheit, einer Auslagevorrichtung und entsprechenden Transfereinheiten;
• 16 eine schematische Darstellung einer Bogendruckmaschine mit einer Bogenzufuhreinrichtung, einer Inspektionseinheit, drei von oben bedruckenden Bogen-Nummerier-Druckeinheiten, einer Flexo-Druckeinheit, einer Auslagevorrichtung und entsprechenden Transfereinheiten;
• 17 eine schematische Darstellung einer Bogendruckmaschine mit einer Bogenzufuhreinrichtung, zwei von oben bedruckenden Bogen-Nummerier-Druckeinheiten, einer Auslagevorrichtung und entsprechenden Transfereinheiten;
• 18 eine schematische Darstellung einer Bogendruckmaschine mit einer Bogenzufuhreinrichtung, einer Inspektionseinheit, einer Bogen-Nummerier-Druckeinheit, einer Flexo-Druckeinheit, einer Auslagevorrichtung und entsprechenden Transfereinheiten;
• 19 eine schematische Darstellung einer Bogendruckmaschine mit einer Bogenzufuhreinrichtung, zwei Bogen-Simultandruckeinheiten, einer Inspektionseinheit, einer Bogen-Nummerier-Druckeinheit, einer Flexo-Druckeinheit, einer Auslagevorrichtung und entsprechenden Transfereinheiten;
• 20 eine schematische Darstellung einer Bogendruckmaschine mit einer Bogenzufuhreinrichtung, einer Siebdruckeinheit, einer Inspektionseinheit, einer Bogen-Nummerier-Druckeinheit, einer Flexo-Druckeinheit, einer Auslagevorrichtung und entsprechenden Transfereinheiten.

They show:

• 1 a schematic representation of a sheet-fed printing press with two simultaneous sheet-fed printing units;
• 2a a schematic representation of a sheet-fed printing press with a sheet numbering printing unit and a flexo printing unit;
• 2b a schematic representation of a sheet-fed printing press with a sheet numbering printing unit and a flexo printing unit;
• 3 a schematic representation of a screen printing unit;
• 4a a schematic representation of two screen printing units;
• 4b a schematic representation of two screen printing units;
• 5 a schematic representation of two screen printing units;
• 6 a schematic representation of a sheet-fed printing unit with inking units
• 7 a schematic representation of a sheet-fed printing unit with cylinders of different types;
• 8a a schematic representation of a sheet-fed printing press with a sheet feeding device, a simultaneous sheet-fed printing unit, a delivery device and corresponding transfer units;
• 8b a schematic representation of a sheet-fed printing press with a sheet feeding device, a sheet-fed printing unit designed as a sheet numbering printing unit or as a flexographic printing unit or as a screen printing unit, a delivery device and corresponding transfer units;
• 8c a schematic representation of a sheet-fed printing press with a sheet feed device, two simultaneous sheet-fed printing units, a delivery device and corresponding transfer units;
• 8d a schematic representation of a sheet-fed printing press with a sheet feeding device, a simultaneous sheet-fed printing unit, a sheet-fed printing unit designed as a sheet numbering printing unit or as a flexographic printing unit or as a screen printing unit, a delivery device and corresponding transfer units;
• 8e a schematic representation of a sheet-fed printing press with a sheet feeding device, two sheet-fed printing units each designed as a sheet numbering printing unit or as a flexographic printing unit or as a screen printing unit, a delivery device and corresponding transfer units;
• 8f a schematic representation of a sheet-fed printing press with a sheet feeding device, three simultaneous sheet printing units, a delivery device and corresponding transfer units;
• 8g a schematic representation of a sheet-fed printing press with a sheet feeding device, two simultaneous sheet-fed printing units, a sheet-fed printing unit designed as a sheet numbering printing unit or as a flexographic printing unit or as a screen printing unit, a delivery device and corresponding transfer units;
• 8 hours a schematic representation of a sheet-fed printing press with a sheet feeding device, a simultaneous sheet-fed printing unit, two sheet-fed printing units each designed as a sheet numbering printing unit or as a flexographic printing unit or as a screen printing unit, a delivery device and corresponding transfer units;
• 8i a schematic representation of a sheet-fed printing press with a sheet feeding device, two simultaneous sheet-fed printing units, two sheet-fed printing units each designed as a sheet numbering printing unit or as a flexographic printing unit or as a screen printing unit, a delivery device and corresponding transfer units;
• 8 years old a schematic representation of a sheet-fed printing press with a sheet feeding device, three simultaneous sheet-fed printing units, two sheet-fed printing units each designed as a sheet numbering printing unit or as a flexographic printing unit or as a screen printing unit, a delivery device and corresponding transfer units;
• 9 a schematic representation of a sheet-fed printing press with a sheet feeding device, two simultaneous sheet printing units, a delivery device and corresponding transfer units;
• 10 a schematic representation of a sheet-fed printing press with a sheet feeding device, a simultaneous sheet-fed printing unit, a delivery device and a corresponding transfer unit;
• 11 a schematic representation of a sheet-fed printing press with a sheet feeding device, two simultaneous sheet printing units, a screen printing unit, a delivery device and corresponding transfer units;
• 12 a schematic representation of a sheet-fed printing press with a sheet feeding device, a screen printing unit, a delivery device and corresponding transfer units;
• 13 a schematic representation of a sheet-fed printing press with a sheet feeding device, three screen printing units, a delivery device and corresponding transfer units;
• 14 a schematic representation of a sheet-fed printing press with a sheet feeding device, an inspection unit, three bottom-printing sheet numbering printing units, a flexo printing unit, a delivery device and corresponding transfer units;
• 15 a schematic representation of a sheet-fed printing press with a sheet feeding device, an inspection unit, three top-printing sheet numbering printing units, a flexo printing unit, a delivery device and corresponding transfer units;
• 16 a schematic representation of a sheet-fed printing press with a sheet feeding device, an inspection unit, three top-printing sheet numbering printing units, a flexo printing unit, a delivery device and corresponding transfer units;
• 17 a schematic representation of a sheet-fed printing press with a sheet feeding device, two top-printing sheet numbering printing units, a delivery device and corresponding transfer units;
• 18 a schematic representation of a sheet-fed printing machine with a sheet feeding device, an inspection unit, a sheet numbering printing unit, a flexo printing unit, a delivery device and corresponding transfer units;
• 19 a schematic representation of a sheet-fed printing press with a sheet feeding device, two simultaneous sheet printing units, an inspection unit, a sheet numbering printing unit, a flexo printing unit, a delivery device and corresponding transfer units;
• 20 a schematic representation of a sheet-fed printing press with a sheet feeding device, a screen printing unit, an inspection unit, a sheet numbering printing unit, a flexo printing unit, a delivery device and corresponding transfer units.

A sheet processing machine 01 is preferably designed as a sheet-fed printing machine 01. The sheet-fed printing machine 01 is preferably designed as a security printing machine 01. The sheet processing machine 01 is designed, for example, as a sheet-fed rotary and/or as a sheet-fed rotary offset printing machine 01 and/or as a sheet-fed rotary letterset printing machine 01 and/or as a sheet-fed rotary flexographic printing machine 01 and/or as a sheet-fed rotary letterpress printing machine 01 and/or as a sheet-fed numbering printing machine 01 and/or as a sheet-fed inspection machine 01 and/or as a sheet-fed rotary screen printing machine 01 and/or as a sheet-fed simultaneous printing machine 01.

The sheet processing machine 01 preferably has at least one sheet processing unit 03; 200; 500; 600; 700. The at least one sheet processing unit 03; 200; 500; 600; 700 is designed, for example, as a sheet printing unit 03; 200; 500; 600; 700. Depending on the embodiment, different printing processes are possible.

In the case of a curved transport path, a transport direction T is preferably the direction T that runs tangentially to a section and/or point of the intended transport path that is closest to a respective reference point and is intended for the transport of the substrate 02 and/or sheet 02 at this section and/or point. This respective reference point is preferably located at the point and/or on the component that is related to the transport direction T. The transport direction T therefore preferably extends along the transport path provided for the substrate 02 and/or sheet 02. A transverse direction A is preferably a direction A that extends orthogonally to the transport direction T and horizontally.

The sheet processing machine 01 preferably has at least one substrate feed device 100 or sheet feed device 100, in particular designed as a sheet feeder 100, in particular in addition to the at least one sheet processing unit 03; 200; 500; 600; 700 and/or along a transport path provided for transporting sheets 02 in front of the at least one and more preferably in front of each sheet processing unit 03; 200; 500; 600; 700. The at least one substrate feed device 01 has, for example, a conveyor line 101 designed, for example, as a belt table 101. For example, at least one receiving device, preferably designed as a stacking plate, is arranged. Printing material bundles designed as a sheet stack can then be arranged on this for separation. The receiving device is preferably connected to at least one transport means, which ensures that the topmost sheet of the sheet stack is arranged in a defined position, even when the sheet stack is being processed. The substrate feed device 100 preferably comprises sheet separating elements and sheet transport elements. The sheet separating elements are designed, for example, as separating suction devices. The sheet transport elements are designed, for example, as transport suction devices. Preferably, at least one front stop is arranged. For example, the substrate feed device 100 has at least one non-stop device for an uninterrupted supply of sheets 02 even when a subsequent stack is arranged. The belt table arranged downstream of the sheet stack is designed, for example, as a suction belt table. For example, at least one feeding device referred to as a sheet system is arranged, which preferably has a feed table and at least one movable front stop.

The sheet processing machine 01 preferably has at least one unit 900 designed as a delivery device 900, in particular a sheet delivery 900, in particular in addition to the at least one sheet processing unit 03; 200; 500; 600; 700 and/or along the transport path provided for the transport of sheets 02 after the at least one and more preferably after each sheet processing unit 03; 200; 500; 600; 700. The sheet delivery 900 preferably contains at least one sheet conveyor system 904, which is designed in particular as a chain conveyor system 904 or chain gripper system 904. The sheet conveyor system 904 contains, for example, traction means moved via drive and deflection means, which drive gripping devices for conveying the sheets. The gripping devices have fixing elements for receiving and fixing the sheets 02. Clamping and/or suction grippers can be used as fixing elements to grip the sheet edges. By means of the sheet delivery 900, the sheets 02 are preferably deposited on at least one or more preferably one of several transport supports, for example as a pallet or other type, in the form of a respective delivery stack. For example, a sheet guiding device and/or a dryer is arranged in the sheet delivery 900. A respective braking device for decelerating the sheets 02 released by the gripper devices is preferably arranged in front of the corresponding delivery stack. The sheets 02 decelerated by the braking device rest against front stops and are thus deposited in an aligned manner on the respective delivery stack. The respective delivery stack is preferably lowered by a stack lifting drive by the thickness of the sheet deposited in each case, so that the stack surface always assumes an approximately constant level. For example, the sheet delivery 900 is equipped with a non-stop device for uninterrupted removal of delivery stacks. This mainly comprises an auxiliary stack carrier. Alternatively or additionally, the delivery device 900 has at least two, more preferably at least three, delivery stations 901; 902; 903 arranged one behind the other along the transport path provided for the transport of the substrate 02 and/or the sheets 02. The at least one delivery device 900 is therefore preferably designed as a multiple stack delivery device 900, in particular at least as a double stack delivery device 900 or at least as a triple stack delivery device 900 or at least as a quadruple stack delivery device 900. The delivery stations 901; 902; 903 are also called stack delivery devices 901; 902; 903. A respective delivery station 901; 902; 903 or stack delivery device 901; 902; 903 is to be understood in particular as a device that serves to form a respective stack. By means of the at least two or at least three or at least four delivery stations 901; 902; 903, at least two or three or four different delivery stacks can be formed without having to remove another stack. The multiple stack delivery 900 can also have five or more delivery stations 901; 902; 903 or stack deliveries 901; 902; 903.

The transport path provided for the transport of, in particular, at least partially separated sheets 02 preferably begins at the substrate feed device 100 and/or preferably ends at the sheet delivery 900. Stacks comprising several sheets 02 are preferably fed to the substrate feed device 100 and/or removed from the sheet delivery 900. The transport path of these stacks should not be counted towards the transport path provided for the transport of sheets 02.

The sheet processing machine 01 preferably has at least one sheet processing unit 03; 200; 500; 600; 700. More preferably, the sheet processing machine 01 has at least two sheet processing units 03; 200; 500; 600; 700, even more preferably at least three sheet processing units 03; 200; 500; 600; 700, even more preferably at least four sheet processing units 03; 200; 500; 600; 700 or even more. The at least one sheet processing unit 03; 200; 500; 600; 700 is preferably also designed as a sheet-fed printing unit 03; 200; 500; 600; 700. A sheet-fed printing unit 03; 200; 500; 600; 700 should also be understood to mean a sheet coating unit 03; 200; 500; 600; 700 in general, and therefore in particular a sheet varnishing unit 03; 200; 500; 600; 700.

Preferably, the sheet processing unit 03; 200; 500; 600; 700 and/or the sheet processing machine 01 is assigned a unit length. This unit length is related to the processable format of the sheets 02, in particular to the sheet length measured along the transport path provided for the transport of sheets 02. The unit length is, for example, the distance measured along the intended transport path between the two leading ends of two sheets 02 that follow one another directly, are completely separated and are moved at the same speed through the sheet processing machine 01. The unit length is preferably longer than a single sheet 02. The unit length is, for example, a smallest effective circumference that a sheet transfer cylinder 211; 212; 301; 412; 413; 511; 512; 611; 612; 711; 712; 806 has or can have. Preferably, each component, in particular each sheet transfer element 211; 212; 301; 412; 413; 511; 512; 611; 612; 711; 712; 806, which is provided for transporting at least one completely separated sheet 02 in direct contact, has an effective circumference or circumference for short, which is an integer multiple of the unit length or is identical to the unit length. The unit length corresponds, for example, to the distance measured in the circumferential direction and/or along the transport path provided for transporting sheets 02 from one gripper start to the next gripper start, wherein this next gripper start is the same gripper start if the corresponding circumference corresponds exactly to the unit length. A gripper start is to be understood, for example, as an end of a clamping surface of the respective gripper provided for contact with a sheet 02, which trails along the transport path provided for sheets 02. The effective circumference does not necessarily have to be an actual circular circumference of the corresponding component or cylinder. The effective circumference is, for example, ple, the circumference of a component or cylinder that the component or cylinder would have if it had the same reference radius everywhere along its circumferential direction or if it were shaped like a cylinder jacket. This reference radius of the component or cylinder is preferably assumed to be a radius that can be measured at a point at which rolling contact is provided between this component or cylinder on the one hand and another component or cylinder on the other, be it with or without an arc 02 arranged in between. If in the above and/or below reference is made to a circumference of a cylinder 201; 202; 203; 204; 206; 207; 211; 212; 501; 502; 503; 504; 506; 507; 511; 512; 601; 602; 603; 604; 606; 607; 611; 612; 701; 702; 703; 704; 706; 707; 711; 712 or another component is mentioned, this shall be understood to mean its effective extent, unless contradictions arise.

The at least one sheet processing unit 03; 200; 500; 600; 700 and/or sheet printing unit 03; 200; 500; 600; 700 preferably has at least one frame 208; 209; 508; 509; 608; 609; 708; 709, which preferably has at least two frame side walls 208; 209; 508; 509; 608; 609; 708; 709, between which corresponding cylinders 201; 202; 203; 204; 206; 207; 211; 212; 501; 502; 503; 504; 506; 507; 511; 512; 601; 602; 603; 604; 606; 607; 611; 612; 701; 702; 703; 704; 706; 707; 711; 712 are mounted. The at least one frame 208; 209; 508; 509; 608; 609; 708; 709 of the at least one sheet processing unit 03; 200; 500; 600; 700 and/or sheet printing unit 03; 200; 500; 600; 700 is preferably connected directly to an installation surface assigned to the sheet processing machine 01, for example a building floor. At least one or more or each of the frame side walls 208; 209; 508; 509; 608; 609; 708; 709 are, for example, constructed in one piece or from several, for example two or three wall elements each, wherein such wall elements are preferably connected to one another at interfaces which are more preferably horizontally oriented, i.e. have vertically oriented surface normals.

The respective sheet processing unit 03; 200; 500; 600; 700 preferably has at least one cylinder 201; 202; 501; 502; 601; 602; 701; 702 of the first type. The respective sheet processing unit 03; 200; 500; 600; 700 more preferably has at least two and even more preferably exactly two cylinders 201; 202; 501; 502; 601; 602; 701; 702 of the first type, which even more preferably are arranged so as to be in direct contact with one another and/or to interact directly with one another and/or to be able to interact with one another. Cylinders 201; 202 of the first type are also referred to, for example, as main cylinders 201; 202; 501; 502; 601; 602; 701; 702. Depending on the design of the respective sheet processing unit 03; 200; 500; 600; 700, the at least one cylinder 201; 202; 501; 502; 601; 602; 701; 702 of the first type or the cylinders 201; 202; 501; 502; 601; 602; 701; 702 of the first type are designed, for example, as an impression cylinder 201; 202; 501; 502; 601; 602; 701; 702 and/or as a collecting cylinder 201; 202 and/or as a transfer cylinder 201; 202 and/or as a sheet transport cylinder 201; 501; 502; 601; 602; 701; 702. The at least one cylinder 201; 202; 501; 502; 601; 602; 701; 702 of the first type preferably has a circumference that is twice the unit length. Preferably, at least one of the two cylinders 201; 202; 501; 502; 601; 602; 701; 702 of the first type has at least one gripper system. Depending on the design of the sheet-fed printing unit 03; 200; 500; 600; 700, the two cylinders 201; 202; 501; 502; 601; 602; 701; 702 of the first type preferably have at least one gripper system. The at least one cylinder 201; 501; 502; 601; 602; 701; 702 of the first type preferably has at least one gripper system. 702 formed cylinder 201; 501; 502; 601; 602; 701; 702 of the first type preferably has at least one gripper system, more preferably at least two gripper systems arranged spaced apart from one another in particular in the circumferential direction.

Each cylinder 201; 202; 501; 502; 601; 602; 701; 702 of the first type has a rotation axis 216; 217; 521; 522; 621; 622; 721; 722, which is preferably arranged in a stationary manner at least during a processing operation, in particular a printing operation. Each cylinder 201; 202; 501; 502; 601; 602; 701; 702 of the first type is arranged so as to be rotatable about its rotation axis 216; 217; 521; 522; 621; 622; 721; 722. In the case in which the respective sheet processing unit 03; 200; 500; 600; 700 has two cylinders 201; 202; 501; 502; 601; 602; 701; 702 of the first type, an axis plane E1 is preferably a plane E1 which contains, in particular completely, both the rotation axis 216; 521; 621; 721 of the first cylinder 201; 202; 501; 502; 601; 602; 701; 702 of the first type and the rotation axis 217; 522; 622; 722 of the second cylinder 201; 202; 501; 502; 601; 602; 701; 702 of the first type. A reference plane E2 is preferably a plane E2 which has at least one rotation axis 216; 217; 521; 522; 621; 622; 721; 722 of such a cylinder 201; 202; 501; 502; 601; 602; 701; 702 of the first type, in particular completely, and which has a horizontal surface normal. Preferably, these two cylinders 201; 202; 501; 502; 601; 602; 701; 702 of the first type are then arranged at least during a processing operation, in particular a printing operation, such that the intersection angle between the axis plane E1 on the one hand and the reference plane E2 on the other hand is at most 45°, more preferably at most 30°, even more preferably at most 15°, even more preferably at most 10°, even more preferably at most 5°, even more preferably at most 2°, even more preferably at most 1°, even more preferably at most 0.5° and even more preferably exactly 0°, where in the case of 0° the reference plane E2 is the same as the axis plane E1. Preferably, the two cylinders 201; 202 of the first type are therefore arranged vertically one above the other, in particular arranged exactly vertically one above the other. A surface normal is to be understood as the direction of the normal vector of the corresponding surface, i.e. the vector which is oriented orthogonal to every straight line completely contained in this plane. The angle of intersection between two planes is equal to the angle of intersection of the surface normals of these two planes, in particular with regard to complementary angles the smallest measurable angle of intersection. The cylinder 201; 202; 501; 502; 601; 602; 701; 702 of the first type whose axis of rotation 216; 521; 621; 721 is arranged further up in relation to the vertical direction V, is called the upper cylinder 201; 501; 601; 701 of the first type. The cylinder 202; 502; 602; 702 of the first type, whose axis of rotation 217; 522; 622; 722 is arranged further down in relation to the vertical direction V, is called the lower cylinder 202; 502; 602; 702 of the first type, in particular regardless of the angle of intersection between the axis plane E1 on the one hand and the reference plane E2 on the other hand.

The respective sheet processing unit 03; 200; 500; 600; 700 preferably has at least one and more preferably exactly one feeding sheet transfer element 211; 511; 611; 711. The respective sheet processing unit 03; 200; 500; 600; 700 preferably has at least one and more preferably exactly one discharging sheet transfer element 212; 512; 612; 712. The at least one feeding sheet transfer element 211; 511; 611; 711 is designed, for example, as a feeding sheet transfer cylinder 211; 511; 611; 711 or as a feeding chain gripper system. The at least one discharging sheet transfer element 212; 512; 612; 712 is designed, for example, as a discharging sheet transfer cylinder 212; 512; 612; 712 or designed as a discharge chain gripper system. A sheet transfer cylinder 211; 212; 511; 512; 611; 612; 711; 712 is understood to mean any component that rotates in a circle and/or is arranged to be circularly rotatable and has fastening options for sheets 02, in particular grippers. It is not relevant whether the component has a support surface for sheets 02 or how large this is. The at least one supplying sheet transfer cylinder 211; 511; 611; 711 and the at least one discharged sheet transfer cylinder 212; 512; 612; 712 are referred to in the foregoing and in the following as cylinders 211; 212; 511; 512; 611; 612; 711; 712 of the second type. The respective sheet processing unit 03; 200; 500; 600; 700 therefore preferably has at least one and/or at least two and more preferably exactly two cylinders 211; 212; 511; 512; 611; 612; 711; 712 of the second type, in particular exactly two cylinders 211; 212; 511; 512; 611; 612; 711; 712 of the second type designed as sheet transfer cylinders 211; 212; 511; 512; 611; 612; 711; 712, which are more preferably each arranged to be in direct contact with and/or to interact directly with one of the two cylinders 201; 202; 501; 502; 601; 602; 701; 702 of the first type. The sheet transfer elements 211; 212; 511; 512; 611; 612; 711; 712, in particular sheet transfer cylinders 211; 212; 511; 512; 611; 612; 711; 712, are preferably each arranged so as to be in direct contact with and/or to interact directly and/or to be capable of interacting directly with one of the cylinders 201; 202; 501; 502; 601; 602; 701; 702 of the first type. The at least one respective sheet transfer element 211; 212; 511; 512; 611; 612; 711; 712, in particular the at least one respective sheet transfer cylinder 211; 212; 511; 512; 611; 612; 711; 712 preferably has at least one gripper system. The two cylinders 211; 212; 511; 512; 611; 612; 711; 712 of the second type designed as sheet transfer cylinders 211; 212; 511; 512; 611; 612; 711; 712 therefore preferably each have at least one gripper system.

The at least one supplying sheet transfer cylinder 211; 511; 611; 711 preferably has a rotation axis 219; 528; 628; 728, which is more preferably arranged in a stationary manner at least during a processing operation, in particular a printing operation. The at least one supplying sheet transfer cylinder 211; 511; 611; 711 preferably has a particularly effective circumference that corresponds to one unit length. In another embodiment, the at least one supplying sheet transfer cylinder 211; 511; 611; 711 has a particularly effective circumference that corresponds to twice the unit length. The at least one discharging sheet transfer cylinder 212; 512; 612; 712 preferably has a rotation axis 221; 529; 629; 729, which is more preferably arranged in a stationary manner at least during a processing operation, in particular a printing operation. The at least one discharge sheet transfer cylinder 212; 512; 612; 712 preferably has a particularly effective circumference that corresponds to the simple unit length. In another embodiment, the at least one discharge sheet transfer cylinder 212; 512; 612; 712 has a particularly effective circumference that corresponds to twice the unit length. Preferably, at least one and/or at least two and more preferably exactly two cylinders 211; 212; 511; 512; 611; 612; 711; 712 of the second type have a particularly effective circumference that corresponds to the simple unit length. In another embodiment, at least one and/or at least two and more preferably exactly two cylinders 211; 212; 511; 512; 611; 612; 711; 712 second kind a particularly another effective circumference which corresponds to another multiple of the unit length, in particular twice the unit length.

The at least one supplying sheet transfer element 211; 511; 611; 711 preferably forms a supplying transfer point 213; 513; 613; 713 with at least one and more preferably with exactly one cylinder 201; 202; 501; 502; 601; 602; 701; 702 of the first type. The at least one dischargeing sheet transfer element 212; 512; 612; 712 preferably forms a discharge transfer point 214; 514; 614; 714 with at least one and more preferably with exactly one cylinder 201; 202; 501; 502; 601; 602; 701; 702 of the first type. In at least one embodiment of the respective sheet processing unit 03; 200; 500; 600; 700 is the cylinder 201; 202; 501; 502; 601; 602; 701; 702 of the first type with which the at least one supplying sheet transfer element 211; 511; 611; 711 forms the supplying transfer point 213; 513; 613; 713, the same cylinder of the first type, 201; 202; 501; 502; 601; 602; 701; 702, with which the at least one discharge sheet transfer element 212; 512; 612; 712 forms the discharge transfer point 214; 514; 614; 714. In at least one other embodiment of the respective sheet processing unit 03; 200; 500; 600; 700, the at least one supplying sheet transfer element 211; 511; 611; 711 forms the supplying transfer point 213; 513; 613; 713 with a first cylinder 201; 202; 501; 502; 601; 602; 701; 702 of the first type and the at least one discharged sheet transfer element 212; 512; 612; 712 forms the discharge transfer point 214; 514; 614; 714 with a second cylinder of the first type, 201; 202; 501; 502; 601; 602; 701; 702, which is supported by the first cylinder of the first type, 201; 202; 501; 502; 601; 602; 701; 702 is different. Then, a contact area between the upper cylinder 201; 501; 601; 701 of the first type and the lower cylinder 202; 502; 602; 702 of the first type is preferably designed as a transfer point.

The respective sheet processing unit 03; 200; 500; 600; 700 preferably has at least one cylinder 203; 204; 206; 207; 503; 504; 506; 507; 603; 604; 606; 607; 703; 704; 706; 707 of the third type, more preferably at least two, even more preferably at least three and even more preferably four. A respective cylinder 203; 204; 206; 207; 503; 504; 506; 507; 603; 604; 606; 607; 703; 704; 706; 707 of the third type is preferably a respective cylinder 203; 204; 206; 207; 503; 504; 506; 507; 603; 604; 606; 607; 703; 704; 706; 707, which is arranged so as to be in direct contact with a cylinder 201; 202; 501; 502; 601; 602; 701; 702 of the first type and/or to interact directly with it and/or to be able to interact directly, but in particular is not a cylinder 211; 212; 511; 512; 611; 612; 711; 712 of the second type, and therefore in particular is not a sheet transfer cylinder 211; 212; 511; 512; 611; 612; 711; 712. Cylinder 203; 204; 206; 207; 503; 504; 506; 507; 603; 604; 606; 607; 703; 704; 706; 707 of the third type are characterized, for example, by the fact that they touch the transport path provided for the transport of sheet 02, if at all, then at most in a respective section in which at least one respective cylinder 201; 202; 501; 502; 601; 602; 701; 702 of the first type also touches this transport path provided for the transport of sheet 02, in particular from an opposite side. In this case, the corresponding cylinder 201; 202; 501; 502; 601; 602; 701; 702 of the first type preferably acts as an impression cylinder 201; 202; 501; 502; 601; 602; 701; 702. Cylinders 203; 204; 206; 207; 503; 504; 506; 507; 603; 604; 606; 607; 703; 704; 706; 707 of the third type are preferably not sheet transfer cylinders and/or preferably do not have sheet holding means and/or grippers.

Depending on the embodiment of the respective sheet processing unit 03; 200; 500; 600; 700, the at least one cylinder 203; 204; 206; 207; 503; 504; 506; 507; 603; 604; 606; 607; 703; 704; 706; 707 of the third type is, for example, designed as a forme cylinder 203; 204; 206; 207; 503; 504; 506; 507; 603; 604; 606; 607; 703; 704; 706; 707, in particular a planographic printing forme cylinder 203; 204; 206; 207 and/or an offset printing forme cylinder 203; 204; 206; 207 and/or letterset forme cylinder 203; 204; 206; 207; 503; 504; 506; 507; 603; 604; 606; 607; 703; 704; 706; 707 or flexo forme cylinder 603; 604; 606; 607 and/or letterpress forme cylinder 503; 504; 506; 507 or screen printing forme cylinder 703; 704; 706; 707 or as numbering forme cylinder 503; 504; 506; 507. Preferably, at least one and/or at least two and/or at least three and/or at least four and more preferably each cylinder 203; 204; 206; 706; 707 of the third type have a particularly effective circumference which corresponds to one time the unit length. In an alternative or additional embodiment, at least one and/or at least two and/or at least three and/or at least four and/or each cylinder 203; 204; 206; 207; 503; 504; 506; 507; 603; 604; 606; 607; 703; 704; 706; 707 of the third type have a particularly effective circumference which corresponds to twice the unit length. Each cylinder 203; 204; 206; 207; 503; 504; 506; 507; 603; 604; 606; 607; 703; 704; 706; 707 of the third type preferably has its own rotation axis 222; 223; 224; 226; 523; 524; 526; 527; 623; 624; 626; 627; 723; 724; 726; 727, which is further preferably arranged in a stationary manner at least during a processing operation, in particular a printing operation.

Preferably, the sheet-fed printing unit 03; 200; 500; 600; 700 has at least two forme cylinders 203; 204; 206; 207; 503; 504; 506; 507; 603; 604; 606; 607; 703; 704; 706; 707 formed cylinders 203; 204; 206; 207; 503; 504; 506; 507; 603; 604; 606; 607; 703; 704; 706; 707 of a third type, of which at least one is arranged to be in direct contact with and/or to interact directly with the first cylinder 201; 501; 601; 701 of the first type and of which at least one other is arranged to be in direct contact with and/or to interact directly with the second cylinder 202; 502; 602; 702 of the first type.

In the case in which the sheet-fed printing unit 03; 200; 500; 600; 700 has two cylinders 201; 202; 501; 502; 601; 602; 701; 702 of the first type designed as impression cylinders 201; 202; 501; 502; 601; 602; 701; 702, which more preferably are not designed as collecting cylinders 201; 202 and/or transfer cylinders 201; 202, a printing cylinder 201; 202; 501; 502; 601; 602; 701; 702 the region of the transport path provided for the transport of sheets 02 in which contact is provided between sheets 02 on the one hand and the outer surface of the respective impression cylinder 201; 202; 501; 502; 601; 602; 701; 702 on the other hand, preferably over an angular range of at least 180°, more preferably at least 225°, even more preferably at least 270°, even more preferably at least 290°, even more preferably at least 300° and even more preferably at least 310°. In other words, this means that a transport path is provided for the transport of sheets 02 and that this transport path is for the respective impression cylinder 501; 502; 601; 602; 701; 702, in particular for each of these two impression cylinders 501; 502; 601; 602; 701; 702 each has a region in which contact is provided between sheet 02 on the one hand and the outer surface of the respective impression cylinder 501; 502; 601; 602; 701; 702 on the other hand, and that this region of the transport path for the respective impression cylinder 501; 502; 601; 602; 701; 702, in particular for the respective one of these two impression cylinders 501; 502; 601; 602; 701; 702, extends over an angular range of at least 270°, more preferably at least 290°, even more preferably at least 300° and even more preferably at least 310°. This angular range is preferably measured in an imaginary plane whose surface normal is parallel to the axis of rotation 521; 522; 621; 622; 721; 722 of the corresponding impression cylinder 501; 502; 601; 602; 701; 702, with a vertex of this angular range lying on this rotation axis 521; 522; 621; 622; 721; 722 of the corresponding impression cylinder 501; 502; 601; 602; 701; 702. Preferably, on each of these two impression cylinders 501; 502; 601; 602; 701; 702, that region of a transport path provided for transporting sheets 02 in which contact is provided between sheets 02 on the one hand and the outer surface of the respective impression cylinder 501; 502; 601; 602; 701; 702 on the other hand, extends over an identical angular range. The entire region of the transport path provided for the transport of sheet 02, in which contact is provided between sheet 02 on the one hand and a circumferential surface of any of the two impression cylinders 201; 202; 501; 502; 601; 602; 701; 702 of sheet-fed printing unit 03; 200; 500; 600; 700 on the other hand, apart from regions of the supplying transfer point 213; 513; 613; 713 and/or the discharge transfer point 214; 514; 614; 714, preferably has an S-shape and/or a change in its direction of curvature.

The at least one sheet processing unit 03; 200; 500; 600; 700 and more preferably the respective frame 208; 209; 508; 509; 608; 609; 708; 709 of the at least one sheet processing unit 03; 200; 500; 600; 700 preferably has at least two and more preferably exactly two prepared receiving areas of the first type for each cylinder 201; 202; 501; 502; 601; 602; 701; 702 of the first type, in particular an upper receiving area of the first type for the upper cylinder 201; 202; 501; 502; 601; 602; 701; 702 of the first type and/or a lower receiving area of the first type for the lower cylinder 201; 202; 501; 502; 601; 602; 701; 702 of the first type. Each prepared receiving area of the first type has, for example, receiving options for cylinder pins and/or their bearings, in particular at least two receiving options per cylinder 201; 202; 501; 502; 601; 602; 701; 702 of the first type, for example at least one per frame side wall 208; 209; 508; 509; 608; 609; 708; 709. The receiving options are designed, for example, as respective, in particular through-openings in the frame 208; 209; 508; 509; 608; 609; 708; 709 and/or as threads for mounting bearing means and/or drives and/or as bearing receptacles and/or as cylinder bearings. Preferably, a prepared axial position 216; 217; 521; 522; 621; 622; 721; 722 of the first type is defined up to a tolerance range by the respective prepared receiving areas of the first type. The tolerance range is preferably at most 20 cm in each direction orthogonal to the transverse direction A, more preferably at most 10 cm, even more preferably at most 5 cm, even more preferably at most 2 cm and even more preferably at most 1 cm. The prepared axial position 216; 217; 521; 522; 621; 622; 721; 722 of the first type is aligned with the respective axis of rotation 216; 217; 521; 522; 621; 622; 721; 722 of the corresponding cylinder 201; 202; 501; 502; 601; 602; 701; 702 of the first type, provided that it is mounted. The relative position of the rotation axes 216; 217; 521; 522; 621; 622; 721; 722 of the cylinders 201; 202; 501; 502; 601; 602; 701; 702 of the first type executed preferably also applies to the prepared axis positions 216; 217; 521; 522; 621; 622; 721; 722 of the first type, in particular the prepared axis position 216; 217; 521; 522; 621; 622; 721; 722 of the first type of the upper cylinder 201; 202; 501; 502; 601; 602; 701; 702 of the first type and/or the prepared axis position 216; 217; 521; 522; 621; 622; 721; 722 of the first type of the lower cylinder 201; 202; 501; 502; 601; 602; 701; 702 of the first type. In particular, the axis plane E1 preferably contains the two prepared axis positions 216; 217; 521; 522; 621; 622; 721; 722 of the first type, in particular completely.

The at least one sheet processing unit 03; 200; 500; 600; 700 and more preferably the respective frame 208; 209; 508; 509; 608; 609; 708; 709 of the at least one sheet processing unit 03; 200; 500; 600; 700 preferably has at least two and more preferably exactly two prepared receiving areas of the second type, each for a cylinder 211; 212; 511; 512; 611; 612; 711; 712 of the second type and/or each for a sheet transfer element 211; 212; 511; 512; 611; 612; 711; 712, in particular a feeding receiving area of the second type for the feeding sheet transfer element 211; 511; 611; 711 and/or the supplying sheet transfer cylinder 211; 511; 611; 711 and/or a discharge receiving area of the second type for the discharge sheet transfer element 212; 512; 612; 712 and/or the discharge sheet transfer cylinder 212; 512; 612; 712. Each prepared receiving area of the second type has, for example, receiving options for shafts and/or axles and/or cylinder pins and/or their bearings, in particular at least two receiving options per cylinder 211; 212; 511; 512; 611; 612; 711; 712 of the second type and/or sheet transfer element 211; 511; 611; 711, for example at least one per frame side wall 208; 209; 508; 509; 608; 609; 708; 709. The receiving options are designed, for example, as respective, in particular, through openings in the frame 208; 209; 508; 509; 608; 609; 708; 709 and/or as threads for mounting bearing means and/or drives and/or as bearing receptacles and/or as cylinder bearings. Preferably, at least one prepared axis position 219; 221; 528; 529; 628; 629; 728; 729 of the second type is defined up to a tolerance range by the respective prepared receiving areas of the second type. The tolerance range is preferably at most 20 cm in each direction orthogonal to the transverse direction A, more preferably at most 10 cm, even more preferably at most 5 cm, even more preferably at most 2 cm and even more preferably at most 1 cm. Further preferably, at least two and even more preferably exactly two different prepared axis positions 219; 221; 528; 529; 628; 629; 728; 729 of the second type are defined up to the tolerance range by the respective prepared receiving areas of the second type. The prepared axis position 219; 221; 528; 529; 628; 629; 728; 729 of the second type is identical to the respective rotation axis 219; 221; 528; 529; 628; 629; 728; 729 of the corresponding cylinder 211; 212; 511; 512; 611; 612; 711; 712 of the second type, provided that it is mounted.

The at least one sheet processing unit 03; 200; 500; 600; 700 and more preferably the respective frame 208; 209; 508; 509; 608; 609; 708; 709 of the at least one sheet processing unit 03; 200; 500; 600; 700 preferably has at least two and more preferably at least four and even more preferably exactly four prepared receiving areas of a third type for each cylinder 203; 204; 206; 207; 503; 504; 506; 507; 603; 604; 606; 607; 703; 704; 706; 707 of a third type. Each prepared receiving area of the third type has, for example, receiving options for cylinder pins and/or their bearings, in particular at least two receiving options per cylinder 203; 204; 206; 207; 503; 504; 506; 507; 603; 604; 606; 607; 703; 704; 706; 707 of the third type, for example at least one per frame side wall 208; 209; 508; 509; 608; 609; 708; 709. The receiving options are, for example, as respective, in particular through-openings in the frame 208; 209; 508; 509; 608; 609; 708; 709 and/or as a thread for mounting bearing means and/or drives and/or as bearing receptacles and/or as cylinder bearings. Preferably, a prepared axial position 222; 223; 224; 226; 523; 524; 526; 527; 623; 624; 626; 627; 723; 724; 726; 727 of the third type is defined up to a tolerance range by the respective prepared receptacle areas of the third type. The tolerance range is preferably at most 20 cm in each direction orthogonal to the transverse direction A, more preferably at most 10 cm, even more preferably at most 5 cm, even more preferably at most 2 cm and even more preferably at most 1 cm. The prepared axial position 222; 223; 224; 226; 523; 524; 526; 527; 623; 624; 626; 627; 723; 724; 726; 727 of the third type is identical to the respective axis of rotation 222; 223; 224; 226; 523; 524; 526; 527; 623; 624; 626; 627; 723; 724; 726; 727 of the corresponding cylinder 203; 204; 206; 207; 503; 504; 506; 507; 603; 604; 606; 607; 703; 704; 706; 707 of the third type, provided that the latter is mounted.

Preferably, the rotation axis 219; 528; 628; 728 of the feeding sheet transfer element 211; 511; 611; 711 and/or feeding sheet transfer cylinder 211; 511; 611; 711 and/or the prepared receiving areas of the second type for the feeding sheet transfer element 211; 511; 611; 711 and/or for the feeding sheet transfer cylinder 211; 511; 611; 711 is arranged further down in relation to the vertical direction V than the rotation axis 216; 521; 621; 721 of the upper cylinder 201; 501; 601; 701 of the first type and/or as the prepared axis position 216; 521; 621; 721 of the first type of the upper prepared receiving areas of the first type for the upper cylinder 201; 501; 601; 701 of the first type. Preferably, the rotation axis 221; 529; 629; 729 of the discharge sheet transfer element 212; 512; 612; 712 and/or discharge sheet transfer cylinder 212; 512; 612; 712 and/or the prepared receiving areas of the second type for the discharge sheet transfer element 212; 512; 612; 712 and/or for the outgoing sheet transfer cylinder 212; 512; 612; 712 arranged further down in the vertical direction V than the rotation axis 216; 521; 621; 721 of the upper cylinder 201; 501; 601; 701 of the first type and/or than the prepared axis position 216; 521; 621; 721 of the first type of the upper prepared receiving areas of the first type for the upper cylinder 201; 501; 601; 701 of the first type.

Preferably, the rotation axis 219; 528; 628; 728 of the feeding sheet transfer element 211; 511; 611; 711 and/or the feeding sheet transfer cylinder 211; 511; 611; 711 and/or the prepared receiving areas of the second type for the feeding sheet transfer element 211; 511; 611; 711 and/or for the feeding sheet transfer cylinder 211; 511; 611; 711 is arranged further up in relation to the vertical direction V than the rotation axis 217; 522; 622; 722 of the lower cylinder 202; 502; 602; 702 of the first type and/or than the prepared axis position 217; 522; 622; 722 of the first type of the lower prepared receiving areas of the first type for the lower cylinder 202; 502; 602; 702 of the first type. Preferably, the rotation axis 221; 529; 629; 729 of the discharge sheet transfer element 212; 512; 612; 712 and/or the discharge sheet transfer cylinder 212; 512; 612; 712 and/or the prepared receiving areas of the second type for the discharge sheet transfer element 212; 512; 612; 712 and/or for the discharge sheet transfer cylinder 212; 512; 612; 712 are arranged further up in the vertical direction V than the rotation axis 217; 522; 622; 722 of the lower cylinder 202; 502; 602; 702 of the first type and/or as the prepared axis position 217; 522; 622; 722 of the first type of the lower prepared receiving areas of the first type for the lower cylinder 202; 502; 602; 702 of the first type.

If only exactly one cylinder 201; 501; 601; 701 of the first type is arranged and its axis of rotation 216; 521; 621; 721 is arranged above the axis of rotation 219; 528; 628; 728 of the supplying sheet transfer element 211; 511; 611; 711 and/or above the axis of rotation 221; 529; 629; 729 of the discharged sheet transfer element 212; 512; 712, this one cylinder 201; 501; 601; 701 of the first type is preferably considered to be the upper cylinder 201; 501; 601; 701 of the first type. If only exactly one cylinder 202; 502; 602; 702 of the first type and its rotation axis 217; 522; 622; 722 is arranged below the rotation axis 219; 528; 628; 728 of the supplying sheet transfer element 211; 511; 611; 711 and/or below the rotation axis 221; 529; 629; 729 of the discharge sheet transfer element 212; 512; 612; 712, this one cylinder 202; 502; 602; 702 of the first type is preferably considered to be the lower cylinder 202; 502; 602; 702 of the first type.

In an additional or alternative development, the respective sheet-fed printing unit 03; 200; 500; 600; 700 and/or the sheet-fed printing press 01 is preferably characterized in that in at least one and preferably several or both or all of several, for example at least two sheet-fed printing units 03; 200; 500; 600; 700, a first tangent plane T1 having a vertical normal vector is arranged tangent to at least one and more preferably two impression cylinders 201; 202; 501; 502; 601; 602; 701; 702 of the respective same sheet-fed printing unit 03; 200; 500; 600; 700. In an additional or alternative development, the respective sheet-fed printing unit 03; 200; 500; 600; 700 and/or the sheet-fed printing press 01 is preferably characterized in that at least one cylinder 211; 511; 611; 711 of the second type designed as a supplying sheet transfer cylinder 211; 511; 611; 711 is arranged so as to be in direct contact with and/or to interact directly with the at least one impression cylinder 201; 202; 501; 502; 601; 602; 701; 702 of the respective sheet-fed printing unit 03; 200; 500; 600; 700 and is intersected by the first tangent plane T1 and/or in that at least one cylinder 212; 512; 612; 712 of the second type designed as a discharge sheet transfer cylinder 212; 512; 612; 712 is arranged so as to be in direct contact with and/or to interact directly with the at least one impression cylinder 701; 702 of the respective sheet-fed printing unit 03; 200; 500; 600; 700 is arranged in direct contact and/or directly interacting manner and is intersected by the first tangent plane T1. In the case of several sheet-fed printing units 03; 200; 500; 600; 700, this preferably applies to at least two and/or several and/or all sheet-fed printing units 03; 200; 500; 600; 700, wherein further preferably the respective first tangent plane T1 for at least two and/or several and/or all sheet-fed printing units 03; 200; 500; 600; 700 is the same first tangent plane T1.

In an additional or alternative development, the respective sheet-fed printing unit 03; 200; 500; 600; 700 and/or the sheet-fed printing machine 01 is preferably characterized in that the rotation axis 216; 217; 521; 522; 621; 622; 721; 722 of the impression cylinder 201; 202; 502; 503; 602; 603; 702; 703, which is arranged in direct contact with and/or directly interacting with a feeding sheet transfer cylinder 211; 511; 611; 711, is arranged in a same by the first tangent plane T1 is arranged in a half-space defined by the first tangent plane T1, as is the rotation axis 219; 528; 628; 728 of this supplying sheet transfer cylinder 211; 511; 611; 711 and/or that the rotation axis 216; 217; 521; 522; 621; 622; 721; 722 of that impression cylinder 201; 202; 502; 503; 602; 603; 702; 703 which is arranged in direct contact with and/or directly interacting with the discharge sheet transfer cylinder 212; 512; 612; 712, is arranged in a same half-space defined by the first tangent plane T1, as is the rotation axis 221; 529; 629; 729 of this discharge sheet transfer cylinder 212; 512; 612; 712.

Preferably, the respective axis of rotation 222; 223; 523; 524; 623; 624; 723; 724 of each cylinder 203; 204; 503; 504; 603; 604; 703; 704 of the third type which is in direct contact with the upper cylinder 201; 501; 601; 701 of the first type and/or which directly interacts and/or is capable of directly interacting is arranged further up in relation to the vertical direction V than the axis of rotation 216; 521; 621; 721 of the upper cylinder 201; 501; 601; 701 of the first type and/or than the prepared axis position 216; 521; 621; 721 of the first type of the upper prepared receiving areas of the first type for the upper cylinder 201; 501; 601; 701 of the first type. Preferably, the respective prepared receiving areas of the third type assigned to the upper cylinder 201; 501; 601; 701 of the first type and/or the upper receiving areas of the first type and/or the respective prepared axis position 222; 223; 224; 226; 523; 524; 526; 527; 623; 624; 626; 627; 723; 724; 726; 727 of the third type is arranged further up in the vertical direction V than the rotation axis 216; 521; 621; 721 of the upper cylinder 201; 501; 601; 701 of the first type and/or as the prepared axis position 216; 521; 621; 721 of the first type of the upper prepared receiving area of the first type for the upper cylinder 201; 501; 601; 701 of the first type.

Preferably, the respective axis of rotation 224; 226; 526; 527; 626; 627; 726; 727 of each cylinder 206; 207; 506; 507; 606; 607; 706; 707 of the third type which is in direct contact with the lower cylinder 202; 502; 602; 702 of the first type and/or which directly interacts and/or is capable of directly interacting with the lower cylinder 202; 502; 602; 702 is arranged further down in the vertical direction V than the axis of rotation 217; 522; 622; 722 of the lower cylinder 202; 502; 602; 702 of the first type and/or than the prepared axis position 217; 522; 622; 722 of the first type of the lower prepared receiving areas of the first type for the lower cylinder 202; 502; 602; 702 of the first type. Preferably, the respective prepared receiving areas of the third type assigned to the lower cylinder 202; 502; 602; 702 of the first type and/or the lower receiving areas of the first type and/or the respective prepared axis position 222; 223; 224; 226; 523; 524; 526; 527; 623; 624; 626; 627; 723; 724; 726; 727 of the third type is arranged further down in the vertical direction V than the axis of rotation 217 of the lower cylinder 202; 502; 602; 702 of the first type and/or than the prepared axis position 217; 522; 622; 722 of the first type of the lower prepared receiving area of the first type for the lower cylinder 202; 502; 602; 702 of the first type.

Preferably, within at least one sheet processing unit 03; 200; 500; 600; 700 and more preferably within each sheet processing unit 03; 200; 500; 600; 700 and even more preferably within the entire processing machine 01, relative to the vertical direction V, between each prepared receiving area of the second type and/or its prepared axis position 219; 221; 528; 529; 628; 629; 728; 729 of the second type and/or each cylinder 211; 212; 511; 512; 611; 612; 711; 712 of the second type and/or the feeding sheet transfer element 211; 511; 611; 711 and/or its axis of rotation 219; 528; 628; 728 and/or the supplying sheet transfer cylinder 211; 511; 611; 711 and/or its rotation axis 219; 528; 628; 728 and/or the discharged sheet transfer element 212; 512; 612; 712 and/or its rotation axis 221; 529; 629; 729 and/or the discharged sheet transfer cylinder 212; 512; 612; 712 and/or its rotation axis 221; 529; 629; 729 on the one hand and each prepared receiving area of a third type and/or its prepared axis position 222; 223; 224; 226; 523; 524; 526; 527; 623; 624; 626; 627; 723; 724; 726; 727 of the third type and/or each cylinder 203; 204; 206; 207 of the third type and/or its axis of rotation 222; 223, on the other hand, a rotation axis 216; 217; 521; 522; 621; 622; 721; 722 of at least one and preferably exactly one cylinder 201; 202; 501; 502; 601; 602; 701; 702 of the first type and/or a prepared receiving area of the first type and/or its prepared axis position 216; 217; 521; 522; 621; 622; 721; 722 of the first type.

In an additional or alternative development, the respective sheet-fed printing unit 03; 200; 500; 600; 700 and/or the sheet-fed printing machine 01 is preferably characterized in that at least one and preferably several or both or all of several, for example at least two sheet-fed printing units 03; 200; 500; 600; 700 has at least one outer tangent plane T2; T3 having a vertical normal vector and in particular different from the first tangent plane T1 is arranged tangent to the at least one impression cylinder 701; 702. Preferably, at least one impression cylinder 701; 702 is designed as a forme cylinder 203; 204; 206; 207; 503; 504; 506; 507; 603; 604; 606; 607; 703; 704; 706; 707, in particular planographic printing forme cylinders 203; 204; 206; 207 and/or letterset forme cylinders 203; 204; 206; 207 or numbering forme cylinders 503; 504; 506; 507 or flexographic forme cylinders 603; 604; 606; 607 or screen printing forme cylinder 703; 704; 706; 707 formed cylinder 203; 204; 206; 207; 503; 504; 506; 507; 603; 604; 606; 607; 703; 704; 706; 707 of the third type is cut from the outer tangent plane T2; T3. Further preference is given to two as forme cylinders 203; 204; 206; 207; 503; 504; 506; 507; 603; 604; 606; 607; 703; 704; 706; 707, in particular planographic printing forme cylinders 203; 204; 206; 207 and/or letterset forme cylinder 203; 204; 206; 207 or numbering forme cylinder 503; 504; 506; 507 or flexo forme cylinder 603; 604; 606; 607 or screen printing forme cylinder 703; 704; 706; 707 formed cylinder 203; 204; 206; 207; 503; 504; 506; 507; 603; 604; 606; 607; 703; 704; 706; 707 third type cut from the outer tangent plane T2; T3. In the case of multiple sheet-fed printing units 03; 200; 500; 600; 700, this preferably applies to at least two and/or several and/or all sheet-fed printing units 03; 200; 500; 600; 700, wherein more preferably the respective outer tangent plane T2; T3 for at least two and/or several and/or all sheet-fed printing units 03; 200; 500; 600; 700 is the same outer tangent plane T2; T3. Preferably, two different outer tangent planes T2; T3 are defined, in particular an upper outer tangent plane T2 and a lower outer tangent plane T3.

In an additional or alternative development, the at least one sheet processing unit 03; 200; 500; 600; 700 preferably has two cylinders 201; 202; 501; 502; 601; 602; 701; 702 of the first type, which are designed in particular as collecting cylinders 201; 202 and/or as transfer cylinders 201; 202 and/or as impression cylinders 201; 202; 501; 502; 601; 602; 701; 702, which are arranged so as to be in direct contact with one another and/or to interact directly with one another and/or to be able to interact directly with one another, in particular at least one first cylinder 201; 501; 601; 701 of the first type and one second cylinder 202; 502; 602; 702 of the first type. The two cylinders 201; 202; 501; 502; 601; 602; 701; 702 of the first type preferably each have a rotation axis 216; 217; 521; 522; 621; 622; 721; 722, wherein an axis plane E1 is a plane E1 which contains both the rotation axis 216; 521; 621; 721 of the first cylinder 201; 501; 601; 701 of the first type and the rotation axis 217; 522; 622; 722 of the second cylinder 202; 502; 602; 702 of the first type, wherein a reference plane E2 contains at least one of these rotation axes 216; 217; 521; 522; 621; 622; 721; 722 completely and has a horizontal surface normal and wherein these two cylinders 201; 202; 501; 502; 601; 602; 701; 702 of the first type are arranged at least during a processing process, in particular a printing process, such that an intersection angle between the axis plane E1 on the one hand and the reference plane E2 on the other hand is preferably at most 45°, more preferably at most 30°, even more preferably at most 15°, even more preferably at most 10°, even more preferably at most 5°, even more preferably at most 2°, even more preferably at most 1°, even more preferably at most 0.5° and even more preferably exactly 0°. The circumferences of the two cylinders 201; 202; 501; 502; 601; 602; 701; 702 of the first kind each equal to twice a unit length.

In an additional or alternative development, the sheet-fed printing unit 03; 200; 500; 600; 700 preferably has exactly two cylinders 211; 212; 511; 512; 611; 612; 711; 712 of the second type designed as sheet transfer cylinders 211; 212; 511; 512; 611; 612; 711; 712, which are each arranged so as to be in direct contact with one of the two cylinders 201; 202; 501; 502; 601; 602; 701; 702 of the first type and/or to interact directly with them and/or to be able to interact directly, in particular a first cylinder 211; 511; designed as a feeding sheet transfer cylinder 211; 511; 611; 711 611; 711 of the second type, the circumference of which further preferably corresponds to the unit length, and a second cylinder 202; 502; 602; 702 of the second type designed as a discharge sheet transfer cylinder 212; 512; 612; 712, the circumference of which further preferably corresponds to the unit length.

In an additional or alternative development, the sheet processing unit 03; 200; 500; 600; 700 preferably has exactly four cylinders 203; 204; 206; 207; 503; 504; 506; 507; 603; 604; 606; 607; 703; 704; 706; 707 of the third type, of which more preferably exactly two are connected to the first cylinder 201; 501; 601; 701 of the first type are arranged in direct contact and/or directly interacting and exactly two others are arranged in direct contact and/or directly interacting with the second cylinder 202; 502; 602; 702 of the first type. Preferably, each of the two cylinders 201; 202; 501; 502; 601; 602; 701; 702 of the first type is therefore preferably arranged in direct contact and/or directly interacting and/or capable of directly interacting with two of the four cylinders 203; 204; 206; 207 of the third type. A respective, particularly effective circumference of the preferably exactly four cylinders 203; 204; 206; 207; 503; 504; 506; 507; 603; 604; 606; 607; 703; 704; 706; 707 of the third kind preferably corresponds to the unit length.

In an additional or alternative development, preferably at least a first cutting plane S1 oriented parallel to the reference plane E2 and/or vertical cuts both the first of the two cylinders 211; 212; 511; 512; 611; 612; 711; 712 of the second type, which is designed as a feeding sheet transfer cylinder 211; 511; 611; 711, and two of the four cylinders 203; 204; 206; 207; 503; 504; 506; 507; 603; 604; 606; 607; 703; 704; 706; 707 of the third type, of which one is more preferably assigned to the first cylinder 201; 501; 601; 701 of the first type and the other of which is assigned to the second cylinder 202; 502; 602; 702 of the first type. In an additional or alternative development, at least a second cutting plane S2 oriented parallel to the reference plane E2 and/or vertical preferably cuts both the second of the two cylinders 211; 212; 511; 512; 611; 612; 711; 712 of the second type as well as the other two of the four cylinders 203; 204; 206; 207; 503; 504; 506; 507; 603; 604; 606; 607; 703; 704; 706; 707 of the third type, of which more preferably one is assigned to the first cylinder 201; 501; 601; 701 of the first type and of which the other is assigned to the second cylinder 202; 502; 602; 702 of the first type.

Such an arrangement represents, for example, a basic framework that can be used for differently designed sheet-fed printing units 03; 200; 500; 600; 700, depending on requirements. In this case, there is sufficient space for the corresponding inking units and accessibility for operators is guaranteed. For example, at least one or at least two or at least three or four of the four cylinders 203; 204; 206; 207; 503; 504; 506; 507; 603; 604; 606; 607; 703; 704; 706; 707 of the third type are designed as planographic forme cylinders 203; 204; 206; 207 and/or as letterset forme cylinders 203; 204; 206; 207 or at least one or at least two or at least three or four of the four cylinders 203; 204; 206; 207; 503; 504; 506; 507; 603; 604; 606; 607; 703; 704; 706; 707 of the third type is designed as a numbering forme cylinder 503; 504; 506; 507 or at least one or at least two or at least three or four of the four cylinders 203; 204; 206; 207; 503; 504; 506; 507; 603; 604; 606; 607; 703; 704; 706; 707 of the third type is designed as a flexo forme cylinder 603; 604; 606; 607 or at least one or at least two or at least three or four of the four cylinders 203; 204; 206; 207; 503; 504; 506; 507; 603; 604; 606; 607; 703; 704; 706; 707 of the third type are designed as screen printing forme cylinders 703; 704; 706; 707. In an alternative or additional development, the sheet-fed printing unit 03; 200; 500; 600; 700 is characterized in that at least one inking unit 227; 518 is arranged for each forme cylinder 203; 204; 206; 207; 503; 504; 506; 507, which has at least one respective ink supply 231 and that for each ink supply 231; 531 at least one supply cutting plane S3 is defined which both intersects this ink supply 231; 531 and contains the rotation axis 222; 223; 224; 226; 523; 524; 526; 527 of that forme cylinder 203; 204; 206; 207; 503; 504; 506; 507 which cooperates and/or is arranged to be able to cooperate with that inking unit 227; 518 which contains this ink supply 231; 531 and that an intersection angle between the reference plane E2 on the one hand and at least one such supply cutting plane S3 of the respective ink supply 231; 531 on the other hand is at most 45° and/or at most 35° and/or at most 25° and/or at most 20°. This preferably applies to at least one respective ink supply 231; 531 for each forme cylinder 203; 204; 206; 207; 503; 504; 506; 507, which is part of the inking unit 227; 518 that interacts with this respective forme cylinder 203; 204; 206; 207; 503; 504; 506; 507 and/or is arranged to be capable of interacting with it.

(This is also shown as an example in Fig. 6.)

In an additional or alternative development, the at least one sheet processing unit 03; 200; 500; 600; 700 preferably has two prepared receiving areas of the first type, each for one of two cylinders 201; 202; 501; 502; 601; 602; 701; 702 of the first type, which are intended for direct interaction with one another and whose circumferences preferably correspond to twice a unit length, wherein more preferably a prepared axis position 216; 217; 521; 522; 621; 622; 721; 722 of the first type is defined up to a tolerance range by the respective prepared receiving areas of the first type, and these prepared axis positions 216; 217; 521; 522; 621; 622; 721; 722 of the first type are both completely contained in an axial plane E1, wherein a reference plane E2 completely contains at least one of these prepared axial positions 216; 217; 521; 522; 621; 622; 721; 722 of the first type and has a horizontal surface normal and wherein even more preferably an intersection angle between the axial plane E1 on the one hand and the reference plane E2 on the other hand is at most 45°. In an additional or alternative development, the sheet processing unit 03; 200; 500; 600; 700 is preferably characterized in that the sheet processing unit 03; 200; 500; 600; 700 has a prepared receiving area of the second type for a cylinder 211; 511; 611; 711 designed as a feeding sheet transfer cylinder 211; 711 of the second type, which is provided for direct interaction with one of the two cylinders 201; 202; 501; 502; 601; 602; 701; 702 of the first type and whose circumference further preferably corresponds to the unit length and/or that the sheet processing unit 03; 200; 500; 600; 700 has a prepared receiving area of the second type for a cylinder 202; 502; 602; 702 of the second type designed as a discharge sheet transfer cylinder 212; 512; 612; 712, which is provided for direct interaction with one of the two cylinders 201; 202; 501; 502; 601; 602; 701; 702 of the first type and whose circumference further preferably corresponds to the unit length. In an additional or alternative manner terbildung, the sheet processing unit 03; 200; 500; 600; 700 is preferably characterized in that the sheet processing unit 03; 200; 500; 600; 700 preferably has four prepared receiving areas of the third type for each cylinder 203; 204; 206; 207; 503; 504; 506; 507; 603; 604; 606; 607; 703; 704; 706; 707 of the third type, the respective circumference of which preferably corresponds to the unit length and which are preferably each provided for direct interaction with one of the two cylinders 201; 202; 501; 502; 601; 602; 701; 702 of the first type. In an additional or alternative development, the sheet processing unit 03; 200; 500; 600; 700 is preferably characterized in that at least a first cutting plane S1 oriented parallel to the reference plane E2 and/or vertical cuts both the prepared receiving area of the second type for the cylinder 211; 511; 611; 711 of the second type designed as a feeding sheet transfer cylinder 211; 511; 611; 711 and two of the four prepared receiving areas of the third type, each for a cylinder 203; 204; 206; 207; 503; 504; 506; 507; 603; 604; 606; 607; 703; 704; 706; 707 of the third type. In an additional or alternative development, the sheet processing unit 03; 200; 500; 600; 700 is preferably characterized in that preferably at least one second cutting plane S2 oriented parallel to the reference plane E2 and/or vertical cuts both the prepared receiving area of the second type for the cylinder 212; 512; 612; 712 of the second type designed as a discharge sheet transfer cylinder 212; 512; 612; 712 and the other two of the four prepared receiving areas of the third type for a cylinder 203; 204; 206; 207; 503; 504; 506; 507; 603; 604; 606; 607; 703; 704; 706; 707 of the third type.

As described, the sheet processing machine 01 preferably has at least one substrate feed device 100 and at least one sheet processing unit 03; 200; 500; 600; 700 and at least one delivery device 900. The sheet processing machine 01 more preferably has at least one substrate feed device 100 and at least two sheet processing units 03; 200; 500; 600; 700 and at least one delivery device 900. In an alternative or additional development, the sheet printing press 01 is preferably characterized in that it has at least one transfer unit 300 which has at least one sheet transfer element 301, in particular at least one sheet transfer cylinder 301. The at least one sheet transfer element 301, in particular the at least one sheet transfer cylinder 301, preferably has at least one gripper system. In an alternative or additional development, the sheet processing machine 01 is characterized in that the substrate feed device 100 and the sheet processing unit 03; 200; 500; 600; 700 following along the transport path provided for the transport of sheets 02 are directly connected to one another. In an alternative or additional development, the sheet processing machine 01 is preferably characterized in that at least one transfer unit 300 is arranged along the transport path provided for the transport of sheets 02 between the substrate feed device 100 on the one hand and the at least one sheet processing unit 03; 200; 500; 600; 700 following along the transport path provided for the transport of sheets 02.

Preferably, the at least one substrate feed device 100 and/or the at least one sheet processing unit 03; 200; 500; 600; 700 and/or the at least one delivery device 900 and/or the at least one transfer unit 300 each have at least one or at least two coupling devices. These coupling devices are preferably standardized so that a precise coupling of different elements can be achieved depending on the requirements of the structure of the sheet processing machine 01. For example, the respective coupling devices have connecting surfaces that are designed and/or oriented to one another and which more preferably serve as stop surfaces. For example, only two types of these are provided in total, in particular a type that is directed forwards in relation to the transport path provided for the transport of sheets and an opposite type. For example, the at least one substrate feed device 100 only has the forwards type and the at least one delivery device 900 only has the opposite type and all other sheet processing units 03; 200; 500; 600; 700 and/or transfer units 300 have both the forward type and the opposite type.

In a possible further development, the sheet processing machine 01 is characterized in that a first sheet processing unit 03; 200; 500; 600; 700, in particular sheet printing unit 03; 200; 500; 600; 700, in particular along the transport path provided for the transport of sheets 02, and a subsequent, in particular second sheet processing unit 03; 200; 500; 600; 700, in particular sheet printing unit 03; 200; 500; 600; 700, in particular along the transport path provided for the transport of sheets 02, are directly connected to one another. In an alternative or additional further development, the sheet processing machine 01 is preferably characterized in that along the transport path provided for the transport of sheets 02, between the first sheet processing unit 03; 200; 500; 600; 700, in particular along the transport path provided for the transport of sheets 02, and the second sheet processing unit 03; 200; 500; 600; 700, in particular sheet printing unit 03; 200; 500; 600; 700, in particular along the transport path provided for the transport of sheets 02, are directly connected to one another. portwegs first sheet processing unit 03; 200; 500; 600; 700, in particular sheet-fed printing unit 03; 200; 500; 600; 700 on the one hand and the at least one subsequent, in particular second sheet processing unit 03; 200; 500; 600; 700, in particular sheet-fed printing unit 03; 200; along the transport path provided for the transport of sheets 02, at least one transfer unit 300 is arranged. The same preferably also applies in the case of more than two sheet processing units 03; 200; 500; 600; 700, in particular sheet-fed printing units 03; 200; 500; 600; 700.

In a possible further development, the sheet processing machine 01 is characterized in that a last sheet processing unit 03; 200; 500; 600; 700, in particular sheet-fed printing unit 03; 200; 500; 600; 700, in particular along the transport path provided for the transport of sheets 02, and the delivery device 900 following along the transport path provided for the transport of sheets 02 are directly connected to one another. In an alternative or additional further development, the sheet processing machine 01 is preferably characterized in that along the transport path provided for the transport of sheets 02 between the last sheet processing unit 03; 200; 500; 600; 700, in particular sheet-fed printing unit 03; 200; 500; 600; 700, in particular along the transport path provided for the transport of sheets 02. 700 on the one hand and at least one delivery device 900 following along the transport path provided for the transport of sheets 02, at least one transfer unit 300 is arranged.

The same applies regardless of the number of sheet processing units 03; 200; 500; 600; 700, in particular sheet printing units 03; 200; 500; 600; 700.

The respective at least one transfer unit 300 preferably has a frame 302; 303, which preferably has at least two frame side walls 302; 303, between which, for example, at least one corresponding sheet transfer element 301 is mounted. The frame 302; 303 of the transfer unit 300 and in particular its frame side walls 302; 303 is or are, for example, directly connected to a mounting surface assigned to the sheet processing machine 01, for example a subsurface or building floor supporting the sheet-fed printing machine 01. In an alternative or additional development, the frame 302; 303 of the transfer unit 300 is preferably mounted on adjacent components of the sheet processing machine 01, for example on the substrate feed device 100 and/or on the at least one sheet processing unit 03; 200; 500; 600; 700 and/or on the at least one delivery device 900. The frame 302; 303 of the transfer unit 300 is further preferably mounted exclusively on such adjacent components of the sheet processing machine 01. Then an area below the respective transfer unit 300 is, for example, completely accessible to operators. The at least one transfer unit 300 preferably has at least one sheet transfer element 301, which is designed, for example, as a sheet transfer cylinder 301. Alternatively or additionally, at least one sheet transfer element 301 of the at least one transfer unit 300 is designed as a chain gripper system. In an alternative or additional embodiment, the at least one transfer unit 300 has both at least one chain gripper system and at least one sheet transfer cylinder 301. Preferably, however, the at least one transfer unit 300 only has sheet transfer elements 301 that are designed as sheet transfer cylinders 301. The at least one sheet transfer cylinder 301 preferably has a particularly effective circumference that corresponds to the simple unit length. In another embodiment, at least one of the sheet transfer cylinders 301 has a particularly effective circumference that corresponds to twice the unit length. Preferably, the at least one transfer unit 300 has a plurality of sheet transfer cylinders 301.

In an alternative or additional development, the sheet-fed printing press 01 is therefore preferably characterized in that at least one transfer unit 300 has its own frame 302; 303 and is arranged to be supported by two, in particular, other functional units 03; 100; 200; 500; 600; 700; 900, and is therefore in particular only indirectly connected via these functional units 100; 03; 200; 500; 600; 700; 900 to a substrate or building floor supporting the sheet-fed printing press 01. One of the two functional units 03; 100; 200; 500; 600; 700; 900 is preferably designed as a substrate feed device 100 or as a sheet processing unit 03; 200; 500; 600; 700, in particular a sheet-fed printing unit 03; 200; 500; 600; 700 and/or sheet-fed simultaneous printing unit 200 and/or sheet-numbering printing unit 500 and/or flexographic printing unit 600 and/or screen printing unit 700. The other of the two functional units 03; 100; 200; 500; 600; 700; 900 is preferably designed as a delivery device 900 or as a sheet processing unit 03; 200; 500; 600; 700, in particular sheet-fed printing unit 03; 200; 500; 600; 700 and/or sheet-fed simultaneous printing unit 200 and/or sheet-numbering printing unit 500 and/or flexographic printing unit 600 and/or screen printing unit 700.

In a preferred embodiment, at least one transfer unit 300 is simultaneously Inspection unit 400 is formed. The at least one inspection unit 400 is preferably used to inspect sheets 02, in particular those sheets 02 that pass through it and/or run through it. Different inspections are considered and/or used. For example, in particular in a respective at least one inspection process, the respective sheet 02 is subjected to a one-sided reflection inspection and/or a two-sided reflection inspection and/or a transmission inspection and/or a separation point inspection and/or a length inspection. This allows the sheets 02 to be examined for the widest possible range of defects. The respective sheets 02 are preferably arranged so as to be held by at least one gripper system during their respective inspection process. In particular for this purpose, at least one sheet transfer element 301; 412; 413 of the transfer unit 300 and/or the inspection unit 400 preferably has at least one gripper system. By inspecting the sheets 02, particularly in conjunction with a gripper system, a particularly precise inspection is possible, in particular because of the most precise possible relative position between the sheets 02 and the inspection device 401; 402; 403. In an alternative or additional development, the inspection unit 400 has at least one reflection inspection device 401; 402 and/or at least one transmission inspection device 403.

The respective inspection unit 400 has at least one inspection device 401; 402; 403. The at least one inspection device 401; 402; 403 is designed, for example, as a reflection inspection device 401; 402, in particular as an upper reflection inspection device 401 and/or as a lower reflection inspection device 402. A respective reflection inspection device 401; 402 preferably has at least one sensor 404; 406, which is further preferably designed as an optical sensor 404; 406 and/or as a sensor 404; 406 for electromagnetic radiation, in particular as a line camera 404; 406. For example, the respective reflection inspection device 401; 402 each has at least two such sensors 404; 406, which are designed in particular for a respective detection of different wavelength ranges, for example visible light on the one hand and infrared radiation on the other. The respective reflection inspection device 401; 402 preferably has at least one and more preferably several illumination means 407; 408, which is or are more preferably adapted at least with regard to its wavelength to the respective at least one sensor 404; 406. An upper reflection inspection device 401 is preferably a reflection inspection device 401, the at least one sensor 404 and/or the at least one illumination means 407 of which is arranged in relation to the vertical direction V above that region of the transport path provided for the transport of sheets 02, to which the at least one sensor 404 and/or the at least one illumination means 407 of this upper reflection inspection device 401 is arranged aligned. A lower reflection inspection device 402 is preferably a reflection inspection device 402 whose at least one sensor 406 and/or whose at least one illumination means 408 is arranged in relation to the vertical direction V below that region of the transport path provided for the transport of sheets 02, to which the at least one sensor 406 and/or the at least one illumination means 408 of this lower reflection inspection device 402 is arranged aligned. Preferably, the respective reflection inspection device 401; 402 and/or the at least one sensor 404; 406 and/or the at least one illumination means 407; 408 is arranged aligned with a respective sheet transfer element 413, in particular a respective sheet transfer cylinder 413. For example, at least one pressing element is assigned to the respective sheet transfer element 413 and/or sheet transfer cylinder 413, in particular in order to arrange sheet 02 flat on a reference surface, for example the outer surface of the sheet transfer cylinder 413. Alternatively or additionally, the respective sheet transfer element 413 and/or the respective sheet transfer cylinder 413 has at least one suction opening, more preferably a plurality of suction openings.

In an alternative or additional development, at least one inspection device 401; 402; 403 is designed, for example, as a transmission inspection device 403. A respective transmission inspection device 403 preferably has at least one sensor 409, which is more preferably designed as an optical sensor 409 and/or as a sensor 409 for electromagnetic radiation, in particular as a line camera 409. For example, the respective transmission inspection device 403 has at least two such sensors 409, which are designed in particular for a respective detection of different wavelength ranges, for example visible light on the one hand and infrared radiation on the other. The respective transmission inspection device 403 preferably has at least one and more preferably several lighting means 411, which is or are more preferably designed to be adapted at least with respect to its wavelength to the respective at least one sensor 409. Preferably, the at least one sensor 409 of the transmission inspection device 403 and the at least one lighting means 411 of the transmission inspection device 403 is arranged on different sides of that region of the transport path provided for the transport of sheets 02, onto which the at least one sensor 409 and/or the at least one illumination means 411 of this transmission inspection device 403 is arranged so as to be aligned. For this purpose, for example, the at least one sensor 409 or more preferably the at least one illumination means 411 of the transmission inspection device 403 is arranged within a sheet transfer cylinder 412 and then the corresponding other component consisting of sensor 409 and illumination means 411 is preferably arranged outside this sheet transfer cylinder 412. This sheet transfer cylinder 412 then preferably has a jacket surface that is at least partially transparent in the corresponding wavelength range. For example, at least one pressing element is assigned to the sheet transfer cylinder 412, in particular in order to arrange sheets 02 flat on a jacket surface of the sheet transfer cylinder 412.

In an alternative or additional development, for example, at least one inspection device 401; 402; 403 is arranged within the substrate feed device 100 and/or within at least one sheet processing unit 03; 200; 500; 600; 700 and/or within the delivery device 900. This is provided, for example, if at least one sheet processing unit 03; 200; 500; 600; 700 is arranged directly and/or without transfer unit 300 connected to the substrate feed device 100 and/or at least one other sheet processing unit 03; 200; 500; 600; 700 and/or the delivery device 900.

An inspection device 401; 402; 403 can also be arranged directly after a substrate feed device 100 and at the same time directly in front of a delivery device 900.

Preferably, at least one drying device 04 is arranged. More preferably, a plurality of drying devices 04 are arranged, in particular at positions arranged one after the other along the transport path provided for the transport of sheets. The at least one drying device 04 preferably has at least one energy output device, for example at least one energy output device designed as an infrared radiation source and/or at least one energy output device designed as a UV radiation source and/or the LED UV radiation source and/or at least one energy output device designed as an electron beam source and/or at least one energy output device designed as a hot air source. The at least one energy output device each has an area of action, which is to be understood in particular as the area in which corresponding energy can be applied to sheets 02 in a targeted manner. The area of action of all energy output devices of a drying device 04 is also called the area of action of the drying device 04. The area of action of at least one drying device 04 is preferably on at least one cylinder of the first type 201; 202; 501; 502; 601; 602; 701; 702 and/or on at least one cylinder 211; 212; 511; 512; 611; 612; 711; 712 of the second type and/or on at least one sheet transfer cylinder 211; 212; 301; 412; 511; 512; 611; 612; 711; 712 and/or on at least one sheet transfer element 211; 212; 511; 512; 611; 612; 711; 712 and/or on at least one chain gripper system. At least one respective drying device 04 has, for example, several energy release devices arranged one after the other along the transport path provided for sheets 02. These are arranged, for example, in their own housings. This can increase the corresponding drying effect. Nevertheless, these are preferably viewed as a whole as a respective drying device 04. In an alternative or additional development, the sheet processing machine 01 is characterized, for example, in that the sheet-fed printing press 01 has at least one drying device 04; 229; 516; 616; 619; 716; 803; 804, which is arranged on at least one sheet transfer element 211; 212; 301; 412; 413; 511; 512; 611; 612; 711; 712; 806 and/or at least one sheet transfer cylinder 211; 212; 301; 412; 413; 511; 512; 611; 612; 711; 712; 806 and/or at least one sheet transport cylinder 501; 502; 601; 602; 701; 702 is arranged in alignment.

In an alternative or additional development, the sheet processing machine 01 and/or the respective sheet-fed printing unit 03; 500; 600; 700 is characterized, for example, in that at least one drying device 516; 616; 619; 716; 803; 804 is arranged aligned with at least one impression cylinder 501; 502; 601; 602; 701; 702 of at least one first and/or at least one second and/or at least one further sheet-fed printing unit 03; 500; 600; 700 and/or in that at least one drying device 04; 616; 716 is designed as an intermediate drying device 04; 616; 716 and is arranged along the transport path provided for the transport of sheets 02 between two printing stations 517; 617; 717 is aligned with the respective impression cylinder 501; 502; 601; 602; 701; 702, which also defines these two printing points 517; 617; 717.

In an additional or alternative development, the sheet processing machine 01 preferably has at least one for simultaneous printing process and/or at least one sheet-fed printing unit 03; 200 is designed for a simultaneous printing process. Such a sheet-fed printing unit 03; 200 is also called a sheet-fed simultaneous printing unit 03; 200 or sheet-collecting printing unit 200. The simultaneous printing process is characterized in particular in that printing ink from different forme cylinders 203; 204; 206; 207 is first collected on a collecting cylinder 201; 202, which is preferably designed and/or acts as a transfer cylinder 201; 202, and is then transferred at the same time, i.e. simultaneously, to a respective sheet 02. This transfer preferably takes place directly from the collecting cylinder 202, which is then preferably also designed as a transfer cylinder 201; 202. The respective transfer cylinder 201; 202 preferably acts with a respective counter-pressure cylinder 201; 202 together Preferably, a transfer cylinder 201; 202 and an impression cylinder 201; 202 together form a printing point 218, wherein the sheets 02 are preferably transported through this printing point 218 and/or wherein the sheets 02 are preferably provided with printing ink in this printing point 218, in particular with the collected printing inks. These collecting cylinders 201; 202 and/or transfer cylinders 201; 202 and/or impression cylinders 201; 202 are preferably cylinders 201; 202 of the first type. Preferably, two cylinders 201; 202 of the first type work together in such a way that each one is designed as a transfer cylinder 201; 202 and at the same time acts as an impression cylinder 201; 202 for the other of these two cylinders 201; 202. The simultaneous sheet printing unit 03; 200 is then also referred to as a simultaneous double printing unit 03; 200 and is used in particular for the simultaneous printing of a respective sheet 02 on two sides.

The at least one sheet-fed simultaneous printing unit 03; 200 preferably has at least one frame 208; 209, which more preferably has at least two frame side walls 208; 209, between which corresponding cylinders 201; 202; 203; 204; 206; 207; 211; 212 are arranged and/or mounted. The sheet-fed simultaneous printing unit 03; 200 preferably has at least one main cylinder 201; 202 and/or cylinder 201; 202 of the first type, which is more preferably designed as a respective counter-pressure cylinder 201; 202 and/or as a respective sheet transport cylinder 201; 202 and/or as a collecting cylinder 201; 202 and/or as a transfer cylinder 201; 202. The sheet-fed simultaneous printing unit 03; 200 has two cylinders 201; 202 of the first type, which are further preferably designed as a respective counter-pressure cylinder 201; 202 and/or as a respective sheet transport cylinder 201; 202 and/or as a collecting cylinder 201; 202 and/or as a transfer cylinder 201; 202 and/or which are in direct contact with one another and/or are arranged to interact directly with one another and/or to be able to interact with one another. Preferably, only one of these cylinders 201; 202 of the first type is designed as a sheet transport cylinder 201; 202. Then no sheet transfer needs to take place between them in the area of the printing point 218.

The at least one sheet-fed simultaneous printing unit 03; 200 has at least one forme cylinder 203; 204; 206; 207. The respective forme cylinder 203; 204; 206; 207 is preferably a respective cylinder 203; 204; 206; 207 of the third type, in particular as described above and below. Preferably, therefore, each respective forme cylinder 203; 204; 206; 207 is arranged so as to be in direct contact with a respective cylinder 201; 202 of the first type, in particular designed as an impression cylinder 501; 502, and/or to interact directly and/or to be able to interact with each other. Preferably, the sheet-fed simultaneous printing unit 03; 200 has at least two forme cylinders 203; 204; 206; 207, which are more preferably arranged so as to be in direct contact with a common collecting cylinder 201; 202 and/or to interact directly with it and/or to be able to interact with it. Alternatively or additionally, the sheet-fed simultaneous printing unit 03; 200 has at least three forme cylinders 203; 204; 206; 207, of which more preferably two are arranged so as to be in direct contact with a common collecting cylinder 201; 202 and/or to interact directly with it and/or to be able to interact with it, and of which more preferably another is arranged so as to be in direct contact with the second collecting cylinder 201; 202 and/or to interact directly with it and/or to be able to interact with it. Alternatively or additionally, the sheet-fed simultaneous printing unit 03; 200 has four forme cylinders 203; 204; 206; 207, of which more preferably two are connected to a particularly first common collecting cylinder 201; 202 are in direct contact and/or are arranged to cooperate directly with it and/or are capable of cooperating, and of which two others are preferably arranged to be in direct contact with the other, in particular second, common collecting cylinder 201; 202 and/or are arranged to cooperate directly with it and/or are capable of cooperating.

Different printing forms, in particular printing plates, can be arranged on the respective forme cylinder 203; 204; 206; 207, for example depending on the print image to be printed. For example, at least one planographic printing form can be arranged on the respective forme cylinder 203; 204; 206; 207. Alternatively or additionally, for example, at least one letterset printing form can be arranged on the respective forme cylinder 203; 204; 206; 207. A letterset printing form has only a relatively low height of the ink-transferring areas in comparison to the rest of the printing plate and is comparable to a letterpress form in terms of its operating principle. In particular, since an indirect printing process is used, namely the printing ink is taken from the respective forme cylinder 203; 204; 206; 207 by means of the respective collecting cylinder 201; 202 and is transferred from the respective collecting cylinder 201; 202 to the respective sheet 02, the corresponding printing process is also called an offset printing process. Accordingly, the respective forme cylinders 203; 204; 206; 207 are also referred to as offset forme cylinders 203; 204; 206; 207. Depending on which printing form is arranged and/or can be arranged on the respective forme cylinder 203; 204; 206; 207, the respective forme cylinder 203; 204; 206; 207 in particular a planographic printing forme cylinder 203; 204; 206; 207 and/or letterset printing forme cylinder 203; 204; 206; 207. It is possible to simultaneously cover a portion of the respective forme cylinders 203; 204; 206; 207 with offset printing forms and to cover another portion of the respective forme cylinders 203; 204; 206; 207 with planographic printing forms. Preferably, at least one and more preferably each of the preferably two or three or four forme cylinders 203; 204; 206; 207 is designed as a planographic printing forme cylinder 203; 204; 206; 207 and as a letterset printing forme cylinder 203; 204; 206; 207, i.e. designed such that it can optionally carry a planographic printing forme or a letterset printing forme.

Preferably, the sheet-fed simultaneous printing unit 03; 200 has at least one form feed device 233, in particular a plate feed device 233, for feeding printing forms to a respective forme cylinder 203; 204; 206; 207. Further preferably, the sheet-fed simultaneous printing unit 03; 200 has at least one form feed device 233, in particular a plate feed device 233, for each forme cylinder 203; 204; 206; 207. Preferably, the sheet-fed simultaneous printing unit 03; 200 has at least one cleaning device 232, in particular for cleaning a circumferential surface of a respective transfer cylinder 201; 202. This respective circumferential surface is formed, for example, by a particularly removable rubber blanket. Further preferably, the sheet-fed simultaneous printing unit 03; 200 has at least one cleaning device 232 for each transfer cylinder 201; 202.

Preferably, at least one inking unit 227 is arranged for each forme cylinder 203; 204; 206; 207. The at least one inking unit 227 preferably supplies the respective forme cylinder 203; 204; 206; 207 and in particular the respective printing form arranged thereon with printing ink when it comes into contact. Preferably, a respective collection point 228 is defined by each forme cylinder 203; 204; 206; 207 and the counter-pressure cylinder 201; 202 interacting with it. The respective inking unit 227 preferably has at least one ink supply 231, more preferably at least two ink supplies 231. The at least one ink supply 231 is designed, for example, as a respective ink fountain 231. Preferably, a simple or preferably branched row of inking unit rollers extends from the at least one ink supply 231 to the respective forme cylinder 203; 204; 206; 207. At least one of these inking unit rollers is preferably designed as an ink application roller and is in contact with the respective forme cylinder 203; 204; 206; 207, in particular with the respective printing form arranged thereon. Preferably, at least one and more preferably each of the inking units 227 is designed such that it extends essentially upwards or downwards in the vertical direction V starting from the forme cylinder 203; 204; 206; 207 that interacts with it and/or is capable of interacting with it. For example, in this way a working area for operators is as large as possible while the printing unit 03; 200 remains as narrow as possible. This is particularly successful because the working area is narrow and high rather than wide and low.

Preferably, at least one supply cutting plane S3 is defined for each ink supply 231 and/or ink fountain 231, which both intersects this ink supply 231 and/or ink fountain 231, in particular an interior of this ink supply 231 and/or ink fountain 231 intended to receive the printing ink, and also contains the rotation axis 222; 223; 224; 226 of the forme cylinder 203; 204; 206; 207 that interacts with and/or is arranged to be able to interact with the inking unit 227 that contains this ink supply 231 and/or ink fountain 231. For example, a plurality of such supply cutting planes S3 are present for each ink supply. A vertical comparison plane E3 is preferably a plane E3 that extends in the transverse direction A and that has a horizontal surface normal. For example, the vertical comparison plane E3 is identical to the reference plane E2. Preferably, an intersection angle between the vertical comparison plane E3 and/or the reference plane E2 on the one hand and at least one and more preferably each such supply intersection plane S3 of the respective ink supply 231 and/or ink fountain 231 on the other hand is at most 45°, more preferably at most 35° and even more preferably at most 25° and/or at most 20°. This preferably applies for each forme cylinder 203; 204; 206; 207 for at least one and more preferably each respective ink supply 231 that is part of the inking unit 227 that interacts with this respective forme cylinder 203; 204; 206; 207 and/or is arranged to be able to interact. In particular, the simultaneous printing unit 200 is characterized by Accordingly, in an alternative or additional development, it is preferably characterized in that at least one inking unit 227 is arranged per forme cylinder 203; 204; 206; 207, which has at least one respective ink supply 231 and in that for each ink supply 231 at least one supply cutting plane S3 is defined, which both intersects this ink supply 231 and the rotation axis 222; 223; 224; 226 of that forme cylinder 203; 204; 206; 207 which cooperates and/or is arranged so as to be able to cooperate with the inking unit 227 which contains this ink supply 231, and wherein an intersection angle between the reference plane E2 on the one hand and at least one such supply intersection plane S3 of the respective ink supply 231 on the other hand is at most 45°, more preferably at most 35°, even more preferably at most 25° and even more preferably at most 20°. In an alternative or additional development, the respective inking unit is arranged in a respective sub-frame which is arranged to be movable relative to the frame 208; 209 of the sheet-fed simultaneous printing unit 03; 200, in particular with at least one vertical component and/or at least one horizontal component oriented orthogonally to the transverse direction A and/or at least one component parallel to the transverse direction A. Preferably, at least one dampening unit is provided per forme cylinder 203; 204; 206; 207, in particular in order to be able to carry out a wet offset printing process.

As described, the simultaneous sheet printing unit 03; 200 preferably has two counter-pressure cylinders 201; 202, of which, however, preferably only one is designed as a sheet transport cylinder 201; 202. This sheet transport cylinder 201; 202 is preferably arranged so as to be in direct contact with both a supplying sheet transfer element 211 and a discharged sheet transfer element 212 and/or to interact directly and/or to be able to interact. The supplying sheet transfer element 211 is preferably designed as a supplying sheet transfer cylinder 211 and/or cylinder 211 of a second type. The discharged sheet transfer element 212 is preferably designed as a discharged sheet transfer cylinder 212 and/or cylinder 212 of a second type.

Preferably, the sheet-fed simultaneous printing unit 03; 200 has at least one drying device 04; 229 and/or at least one drying device 04; 229 is assigned to the sheet-fed simultaneous printing unit 03; 200. More preferably, the sheet-fed simultaneous printing unit 03; 200 has at least two drying devices 04; 229 and/or at least two drying devices 04; 229 are assigned to the sheet-fed simultaneous printing unit 03; 200. For example, at least one drying device 04; 229 is arranged aligned with at least one cylinder 212, in particular the discharge sheet transfer cylinder 212 of the sheet-fed simultaneous printing unit 03; 200. More preferably, alternatively or additionally, at least one drying device 04; 229 is arranged on at least one sheet transfer cylinder 301 arranged after the discharge transfer point 214, which drying device is assigned to the sheet-fed simultaneous printing unit 03; 200 is assigned. The respective at least one drying device 04; 229 is arranged, for example, aligned with a sheet transfer cylinder 212 of the simultaneous sheet-fed printing unit 03; 200 or with a sheet transfer cylinder 301 of a transfer unit 300, in particular along the transport path provided for the transport of sheets 02 after the printing point 218 of this simultaneous sheet-fed printing unit 03; 200. The respective at least one drying device 04; 229 is preferably designed as described above and/or below in general terms for drying devices.

The region of the transport path provided for the transport of sheets 02 in which contact is provided between sheets 02 on the one hand and the outer surface of the impression cylinder 201; 202 designed as a sheet transport cylinder 201; 202 on the other hand preferably extends over an angular range which is at least 45°, more preferably at least 60°, even more preferably at least 90°, even more preferably at least 100°, even more preferably at least 105° and which additionally or independently thereof is at most 180°, more preferably at most 135°, even more preferably at most 120°, even more preferably at most 110°. This region of the transport path provided for the transport of sheets 02 in which contact is provided between sheets 02 on the one hand and the outer surface of the cylinder 201; 202 designed as a sheet transport cylinder 201; 202 202 of the first type on the other hand, preferably has only a curvature in one direction and/or a constant curvature apart from areas of the supplying transfer point 213 and/or the discharge transfer point 214, in particular regardless of the number of forme cylinders 203; 204; 206; 207 and/or whether one-sided printing or two-sided printing is provided. The other impression cylinder 201; 202 in particular preferably only touches the sheet 02 in the area of the printing point 218.

In the case where only one of the two cylinders 201; 202 of the first type of the sheet-fed simultaneous printing unit 03; 200 is arranged in direct contact with forme cylinders 203; 204; 206; 207 and/or directly interacting and/or capable of directly interacting, the sheet-fed simultaneous printing unit 03; 200 is preferably designed for one-sided printing of sheet 02. In the case in which both cylinders 201; 202 of the first type of the simultaneous sheet printing unit 03; 200 are arranged with forme cylinders 203; 204; 206; 207 in direct contact and/or directly interacting and/or capable of directly interacting, the simultaneous sheet printing unit 03; 200 is preferably provided for two-sided printing of sheet 02.

In an alternative or additional development, the simultaneous printing unit 200 is preferably characterized in that it has a first cylinder 201 of the first type, designed as a collecting cylinder 201, and a second cylinder 202 of the first type, designed as a collecting cylinder 202, which are arranged so as to be in direct contact with one another and/or to interact directly with one another and which each have an axis of rotation 216; 217, and in that an axis plane E1 is a plane E1 which contains both the axis of rotation 216 of the first cylinder 201 of the first type and the axis of rotation 217 of the second cylinder 202 of the first type, and in that a reference plane E2 is a plane E2 which contains at least one axis of rotation 216; 217 of such a cylinder 201; 202 of the first type and which has a horizontal surface normal. These two cylinders 201; 202 of the first type are preferably arranged at least during a processing operation, in particular a printing operation, such that the intersection angle between the axis plane E1 on the one hand and the reference plane E2 on the other hand is at most 45°, more preferably at most 30°, even more preferably at most 15°, even more preferably at most 10°, even more preferably at most 5°, even more preferably at most 2°, even more preferably at most 1°, even more preferably at most 0.5° and even more preferably exactly 0°.

The simultaneous sheet-fed printing unit 200 preferably has exactly four forme cylinders 203; 204; 206; 207, of which more preferably exactly two are arranged to be in direct contact with and/or to interact directly with the first collecting cylinder 201 and exactly two others are arranged to be in direct contact with and/or to interact directly with the second collecting cylinder 202.

In an alternative or additional development, the simultaneous printing unit 200 is preferably characterized in that it is assigned a unit length and that the respective circumferences of the two collecting cylinders 201; 202 correspond to twice the unit length and/or the respective circumferences of the two cylinders 211; 212 of the second type and/or the respective circumferences of the four forme cylinders 203; 204; 206; 207 in particular correspond to the unit length. In an alternative or additional development, the simultaneous printing unit 200 is preferably characterized in that the simultaneous printing unit 200 has exactly two cylinders 211; 212 of the second type designed as sheet transfer cylinders 211; 212, which are each arranged to be in direct contact with one, in particular the same, of the two cylinders 201; 202 of the first type and/or to interact directly. In an alternative or additional development, the simultaneous printing unit 200 is preferably characterized in that the respective circumferences of the two cylinders 211; 212 of the second type correspond to the unit length. In an alternative or additional development, the simultaneous printing unit 200 is preferably characterized in that at least one of the two cylinders 211; 212 of the second type is designed as a feeding sheet transfer cylinder 211 and forms a feeding transfer point 213 with a cylinder 201; 202 of the first type and/or that at least one of the two cylinders 211; 212 of the second type is designed as a discharging sheet transfer cylinder 212 and forms a discharging transfer point 214 with a, in particular the same cylinder 201; 202 of the first type. In an alternative or additional development, the simultaneous printing unit 200 is preferably characterized in that the collecting cylinders 201; 202 are designed as transfer cylinders 201; 202 and/or as counter-pressure cylinders 201; 202.

In an additional or alternative development, the sheet processing machine 01 preferably has at least one sheet processing unit 03; 500 and/or sheet printing unit 03; 500 designed for a letterpress process and/or at least one sheet printing unit 03; 500 is designed for a letterpress process. Such a sheet printing unit 03; 500 is also called a letterpress unit 03; 500. The letterpress process is used, for example, as a numbering printing process. The following contains details of a sheet numbering printing unit 03; 500, but these also apply accordingly to general letterpress processes. In an additional or alternative development, the sheet processing machine 01 preferably has at least one sheet processing unit 03; 500 and/or sheet printing unit 03; 500 designed for a numbering printing process and/or at least one sheet printing unit 03; 500 is designed for a numbering printing process. Such a sheet printing unit 03; 500 is also called a sheet numbering printing unit 03; 500. The at least one sheet numbering printing unit 03; 500 preferably has at least one frame 508; 509, which preferably has at least two frame side walls 508; 509, between which corresponding cylinders 501; 502; 503; 504; 506; 507; 511; 512 are mounted. The sheet numbering printing unit 03; 500 preferably has at least one main cylinder 501; 502 and/or cylinder 501; 502 of the first type, which is further preferably used as the respective counter-pressure cylinder 501; 502 and/or as the respective sheet transport cylinder 501; 502 is formed. The sheet numbering printing unit 03; 500 further preferably has two cylinders 501; 502 of the first type, which are further preferably formed as respective counter-pressure cylinders 501; 502 and/or as respective sheet transport cylinders 501; 502 and/or which are in direct contact with one another and/or are arranged to interact directly with one another and/or to be capable of interacting directly with one another.

Preferably, the sheets 02 and/or the copies of the sheets 02, particularly those designed as securities, are each numbered using a letterpress process, particularly using at least one numbering forme cylinder 503; 504; 506; 507, which more preferably has at least one numbering unit. Preferably, individual numbering units are used, more preferably several of which are arranged on a common numbering forme cylinder 503; 504; 506; 507. Preferably, the respective numbering forme cylinder 503; 504; 506; 507 has a plurality of numbering units which are arranged one behind the other in its circumferential direction on the respective numbering forme cylinder 503; 504; 506; 507, for example at least two or at least four or at least eight or at least twelve, and/or the respective numbering forme cylinder 503; 504; 506; 507 has a plurality of numbering units which are arranged next to one another in the transverse direction A on the respective numbering forme cylinder 503; 504; 506; 507. The respective at least one numbering unit has, for example, a counter with a plurality of symbol rollers, wherein the symbol rollers each have offset, in particular raised areas in the form of symbols such as numbers and/or letters. Depending on the position of a respective symbol roller, a different symbol is on the outside, in particular on the outside in relation to a rotation axis 523; 524; 526; 527 of the respective numbering forme cylinder 503; 504; 506; 507. Depending on the relative position of the individual symbol rollers, the external symbols of the counter as a whole preferably result in a unique serial number. Preferably, at least one inking unit 518 is arranged per numbering forme cylinder 503; 504; 506; 507. The at least one inking unit 518 preferably provides the respective outer symbols of the numbering units of this respective numbering forme cylinder 503; 504; 506; 507 with printing ink upon contact. The respective numbering forme cylinder 503; 504; 506; 507 is rotated further and comes into contact with the respective sheet 02 and transfers the printing ink in the form of the symbol to the sheet 02. Preferably, the combination of the symbols is changed until the next contact of this numbering unit with the inking unit 518 in order to be able to transfer a different marking upon the next contact with the corresponding sheet 02. Preferably, a respective printing point 517 is defined by each numbering forme cylinder 503; 504; 506; 507 and the counter-pressure cylinder 501; 502 that is in direct contact with it and/or interacts directly with it and/or is capable of interacting directly with it.

The respective inking unit 518 preferably has at least one respective ink supply 531, more preferably at least two ink supplies 531. The at least one ink supply 531 is designed, for example, as a respective ink fountain 531. Preferably, a simple or preferably branched row of inking unit rollers extends from the at least one ink supply 531 to the respective numbering forme cylinder 503; 504; 506; 507. At least one of these inking unit rollers is preferably designed as an ink application roller and is in contact with the respective numbering forme cylinder 503; 504; 506; 507. Preferably, at least one and more preferably each of the inking units 518 is designed such that, starting from the numbering forme cylinder 503; 504; 506; 507 which is in direct contact with it and/or directly interacts with it and/or is capable of directly interacting with it. 507 extends essentially in the vertical direction V upwards or downwards. For example, in this way a working area for operators is made as large as possible. Preferably, for each ink supply 531 and/or ink fountain 531, at least one supply cutting plane S3 is defined, which both intersects this ink supply 531 and/or ink fountain 531, in particular an interior of this ink supply 531 and/or ink fountain 531 intended to accommodate the printing ink, and also contains the rotation axis 523; 524; 526; 527 of the numbering forme cylinder 503; 504; 506; 507 that cooperates with and/or is arranged to be able to cooperate with the inking unit 518 that contains this ink supply 531 and/or ink fountain 531. A vertical comparison plane E3 is preferably a plane E3 that extends in the transverse direction A and that has a horizontal surface normal. For example, the vertical comparison plane E3 is identical to the reference plane E2. Preferably, an intersection angle between the vertical comparison plane E3 and/or the reference plane E2 on the one hand and at least one and more preferably each such supply intersection plane S3 of the respective ink supply 531 and/or ink fountain 531 on the other hand is at most 45°, more preferably at most 35°, even more preferably at most 25° and even more preferably at most 20°. This preferably applies for each forme cylinder 503; 504; 506; 507 for at least one respective ink supply 531 that is part of the inking unit 518 that interacts with this respective forme cylinder 503; 504; 506; 507 and/or is arranged to be able to interact with it. In an alternative or additional development, the respective inking unit is arranged in a respective sub-frame that is relative is arranged to be movable relative to the frame 508; 509 of the sheet numbering printing unit 03; 500, in particular with at least one vertical component and/or at least one horizontal component oriented orthogonally to the transverse direction A and/or at least one component parallel to the transverse direction A.

The respective numbering forme cylinder 503; 504; 506; 507 is preferably a respective cylinder 503; 504; 506; 507 of the third type, in particular as described above and below. Preferably, each respective numbering forme cylinder 503; 504; 506; 507 is arranged so as to be in direct contact with and/or to interact directly and/or to be able to interact directly with a respective cylinder 501; 502 of the first type, in particular designed as an impression cylinder 501; 502. In an alternative or additional development of the sheet numbering printing unit 03; 500, a numbering forme cylinder 503; 504; 506; 507 is arranged. This is assigned to an impression cylinder 501; 502. A further impression cylinder is then not necessary. In an alternative or additional development of the sheet-fed numbering printing unit 03; 500, two numbering forme cylinders 503; 504; 506; 507 are arranged. Preferably, these two numbering forme cylinders 503; 504; 506; 507 are assigned to the same impression cylinder 501; 502. A further impression cylinder is then not necessary. Alternatively, each of these two numbering forme cylinders 503; 504; 506; 507 is assigned to a different one of two impression cylinders 501; 502. Preferably and particularly in this case, the sheet-fed printing unit 03; 500; 600; 700 has at least two forme cylinders 503; 504; 506; 507; 603; 604; 606; 607; 703; 704; 706; 707, of which at least one forme cylinder 503; 504; 603; 604; 703; 704 is arranged to be in direct contact with and/or to interact directly with the first cylinder 501; 601; 701 of the first type, and of which at least one other forme cylinder 506; 507; 606; 607; 706; 707 is arranged to be in direct contact with and/or to interact directly with the second cylinder 502; 602; 702 of the first type, wherein at least one of the forme cylinders 503; 504; 506; 507; 603; 604; 606; 607; 703; 704; 706; 707 is designed as a numbering forme cylinder 503; 504; 506; 507. In an alternative or additional development of the sheet numbering printing unit 03; 500, three numbering forme cylinders 503; 504; 506; 507 are arranged. Preferably, two of these three numbering forme cylinders 503; 504; 506; 507 are then assigned to the same of two counter-pressure cylinders 501; 502 and the third numbering forme cylinder 503; 504; 506; 507 is assigned to the other of the two counter-pressure cylinders 501; 502. In an alternative or additional development of the sheet numbering printing unit 03; 500, four numbering forme cylinders 503; 504; 506; 507 are arranged. Preferably, two of these four numbering forme cylinders 503; 504; 506; 507 are then assigned to the same of two counter-pressure cylinders 501; 502 and the other two of the four numbering forme cylinders 503; 504; 506; 507 are assigned to the other of the two impression cylinders 501; 502.

Preferably, impression cylinders 501; 502 of the sheet numbering printing unit 03; 500 are also designed as sheet transport cylinders 501; 502, particularly regardless of their number. If the sheet numbering printing unit 03; 500 has only one cylinder 501; 502 of the first type designed as an impression cylinder 501; 502, this impression cylinder 501; 502 is preferably arranged so as to be in direct contact with both a supplying sheet transfer element 511 and a discharged sheet transfer element 512 and/or to interact directly and/or to be able to interact directly. If the sheet numbering printing unit 03; 500 has two cylinders 501; 502 of the first type designed as impression cylinders 501; 502, one of these impression cylinders 501; 502 is arranged to be in direct contact with the supplying sheet transfer element 511 and/or to interact directly and/or to be able to interact directly, and preferably another of these two counter-pressure cylinders 501; 502 is arranged to be in direct contact with the discharged sheet transfer element 512 and/or to interact directly and/or to be able to interact directly. The supplying sheet transfer element 511 is preferably designed as a supplying sheet transfer cylinder 511 and/or cylinder 511 of a second type. The discharged sheet transfer element 512 is preferably designed as a discharged sheet transfer cylinder 512 and/or cylinder 512 of a second type.

The sheet numbering printing unit 03; 500 preferably has at least one drying device 04; 516. More preferably, the sheet numbering printing unit 03; 500 has at least two drying devices 04; 516. For example, at least one drying device 04; 516 is arranged in alignment with at least one impression cylinder 501; 502 of the sheet numbering printing unit 03; 500. More preferably, alternatively or additionally, at least one drying device 04; 516 is arranged on at least one sheet transfer cylinder arranged after the discharge transfer point 514, which is assigned to the sheet numbering printing unit 03; 500. This at least one drying device 04; 516 is, for example, arranged on a sheet transfer cylinder of the sheet numbering printing unit 03; 500 or aligned with a sheet transfer cylinder 301 of a transfer unit 300, in particular after each printing point 517 of this sheet numbering printing unit 03; 500. Further preferred are alternatively or additionally, at least one drying device 04; 516 is arranged on each of two sheet transfer cylinders arranged after the outgoing transfer point 514, which is assigned to the sheet numbering printing unit 03; 500. These at least two drying devices 04; 516 are arranged, for example, aligned with a respective sheet transfer cylinder of the sheet numbering printing unit 03; 500 or with a respective sheet transfer cylinder of a transfer unit 300, in particular after each printing point 517 of this sheet numbering printing unit 03; 500. The respective at least one drying device 04; 516 is preferably designed as described above and/or in general terms for drying devices below.

In the case in which the sheet numbering printing unit 03; 500 has only one cylinder 501; 502 of the first type designed as an impression cylinder 501; 502, the region of the transport path provided for the transport of sheets 02 in which contact is provided between sheets 02 on the one hand and the outer surface of the impression cylinder 501; 502 on the other hand, preferably extends over an angular range of at least 180°, more preferably at least 200°, even more preferably at least 220°, even more preferably at least 240° and even more preferably at least 250°. In other words, this means that a transport path is provided for the transport of sheets 02 and that this transport path for this impression cylinder 501; 502 has a region in which contact is provided between sheets 02 on the one hand and the outer surface of this impression cylinder 501; 502 on the other hand is provided and that this region of the transport path for this impression cylinder 501; 502 extends over an angular range of at least 180°, more preferably at least 220°, even more preferably at least 240° and even more preferably at least 250°. This region of the transport path provided for the transport of sheets 02, in which contact is provided between sheets 02 on the one hand and the outer surface of the impression cylinder 501; 502 on the other hand, preferably has only a curvature in one direction and/or a constant curvature, apart from regions of the supplying transfer point 513 and/or the discharge transfer point 514. In the case in which the sheet numbering printing unit 03; 500 has two cylinders 501; 502 of the first type designed as impression cylinders 501; 502, an angle of at least 180° preferably extends on each of these two impression cylinders 501; 502 is the region of the transport path provided for the transport of sheets 02 in which contact is provided between sheets 02 on the one hand and the outer surface of the respective impression cylinder 501; 502 on the other hand, preferably over an angular range of at least 180°, more preferably at least 225°, even more preferably at least 270°, even more preferably at least 290°, even more preferably at least 300° and even more preferably at least 310°. In other words, this means that a transport path is provided for the transport of sheets 02 and that this transport path for the respective impression cylinder 501; 502, in particular for each of these two impression cylinders 501; 502, has a region in which contact is provided between sheets 02 on the one hand and the outer surface of the respective impression cylinder 501; 502 on the other hand and that this region of the transport path for the respective impression cylinder 501; 502, in particular for the respective one of these two impression cylinders 501; 502, over an angular range of at least 270°, more preferably at least 290°, even more preferably at least 300° and even more preferably at least 310°. This angular range is preferably measured in an imaginary plane whose surface normal is oriented parallel to the rotation axis 521; 522 of the corresponding impression cylinder 501; 502, with an apex of this angular range lying on this rotation axis 521; 522 of the corresponding impression cylinder 501; 502. The entire area of the transport path provided for the transport of sheets 02, in which there is contact between sheets 02 on the one hand and a jacket surface of any of the two impression cylinders 501; 502 of the sheet numbering printing unit 03; 500 on the other hand, apart from regions of the supply transfer point 513 and/or the discharge transfer point 514, preferably has an S-shape and/or a change in its direction of curvature.

In the case in which the sheet numbering printing unit 03; 500 has only one cylinder 501; 502 of the first type designed as an impression cylinder 501; 502, it is preferably provided for single-sided printing of sheets 02. In the case in which the sheet numbering printing unit 03; 500 has two cylinders 501; 502 of the first type designed as impression cylinders 501; 502, it is preferably provided for double-sided printing of sheets 02.

The preceding and/or following statements on the sheet numbering printing unit 03; 500 also apply accordingly generally to a letterpress unit 03; 500, provided that no contradictions arise from this, in particular with the modification that letterpress forme cylinders 503; 504; 506; 507 preferably carry respective fixed printing forms and not numbering units such as numbering forme cylinders 503; 504; 506; 507.

In an alternative embodiment of a sheet numbering printing unit 03; 500, this has a different cylinder arrangement. The alternative embodiment of the sheet numbering printing unit 03; 500 is preferably constructed in the same way as described above, except for the features described below. In the alternative embodiment of the sheet numbering printing unit 03; 500, the sheet numbering printing unit 03; 500 preferably has several and more preferably exactly four cylinders 501; 511; 512, which are designed for transporting sheets 02. These four cylinders 501; 511; 512 preferably have a particularly effective circumference that corresponds to the simple unit length. For example, the second of these four cylinders 501; 511; 512 along the transport path provided for transporting sheets 02 is designed as a counter-pressure cylinder 501 and interacts with a numbering forme cylinder 503 arranged below it. Alternatively or additionally, the third of these four cylinders 501; 511; 512 along the transport path provided for the transport of sheet 02 is preferably designed as an impression cylinder 501 and interacts with a numbering forme cylinder 503 arranged above it. At least one drying device 516 is preferably arranged aligned with a jacket surface of the impression cylinder 501. For example, a respective axis of rotation of the first and the fourth of these four cylinders 501; 511; 512 relative to the transport path is arranged at the same height. For example, a rotation axis of the second of these four cylinders 501; 511; 512 relative to the transport path is arranged at a lower height than this respective axis of rotation of the first and the fourth of these four cylinders 501; 511; 512 relative to the transport path. For example, a rotation axis of the third of these four cylinders 501; 511; 512 relative to the transport path is arranged at a lower height than 512 is arranged at a higher height than the respective axis of rotation of the first and the fourth cylinders 501; 511; 512 relative to the transport path. (By way of example, a respective sheet processing machine 01 with three examples of such an alternative embodiment of the sheet numbering printing unit 03; 500 is also shown in 14 , 15 and 16 As an example, a sheet processing machine 01 with two examples of such an alternative embodiment of the sheet numbering printing unit 03; 500 is also shown in 17 shown.)

In a second alternative embodiment of a sheet numbering printing unit 03; 500, this has a different cylinder arrangement. The alternative embodiment of the sheet numbering printing unit 03; 500 is preferably constructed in the same way as described above, except for the features described below. In the second alternative embodiment of the sheet numbering printing unit 03; 500, the sheet numbering printing unit 03; 500 preferably has exactly one central impression cylinder 501, which is arranged to serve as an impression cylinder 501 for at least one or at least two or at least three numbering forme cylinders 503; 504; 506. This impression cylinder 501 preferably has a particularly effective circumference that corresponds to twice the unit length. The transport path provided for the transport of sheets 02 has an area for this impression cylinder 501 in which contact is provided between sheets 02 on the one hand and the outer surface of the impression cylinder 501 on the other. This area of the transport path extends for the impression cylinder 501 over an angular range of at least 270°, more preferably at least 290°, even more preferably at least 300° and even more preferably at least 310°. The sheet transfer element 512 following the impression cylinder 501 is preferably designed as a chain gripper system. The chain gripper system preferably runs under the axis of rotation of the impression cylinder 501. Preferably, a rotation axis of a cylinder 511 designed as a feeding sheet transfer element 511 is arranged further up than the rotation axis of the impression cylinder 501. (By way of example, a respective sheet processing machine 01 with such a second alternative embodiment of the sheet numbering printing unit 03; 500 is also shown in 18 , 19 and 20 shown.)

In an additional or alternative development, the sheet processing machine 01 preferably has at least one sheet processing unit 03; 600 and/or sheet printing unit 03; 600 designed for a flexographic printing process and/or at least one sheet printing unit 03; 600 is designed for a flexographic printing process. Such a sheet printing unit 03; 600 is also called a flexographic printing unit 03; 600. The flexographic printing process is used, for example, as a coating process, in particular a varnishing process. The at least one flexographic printing unit 03; 600 preferably has at least one frame 608; 609, which preferably has at least two frame side walls 608; 609, between which corresponding cylinders 601; 602; 603; 604; 606; 607; 611; 612 are mounted. The flexographic printing unit 03; 600 preferably has at least one main cylinder 601; 602 and/or cylinder 601; 602 of the first type, which is further preferably designed as a respective counter-pressure cylinder 601; 602 and/or as a respective sheet transport cylinder 601; 602. Further preferably, the flexo printing unit 03; 600 has two cylinders 601; 602 of the first type, which are further preferably designed as a respective counter-pressure cylinder 601; 602 and/or as a respective sheet transport cylinders 601; 602 are formed and/or which are arranged to be in direct contact with one another and/or to interact directly with one another and/or to be capable of interacting directly with one another.

Preferably, a respective coating is carried out using the flexographic printing process in order to provide the sheets 02 and/or the blanks, in particular securities and/or banknotes, with a protective varnish. In this case, fixed printing forms are preferably used with regard to the printed image, by means of which, depending on the design, coating agent, in particular varnish, is and/or can be applied to the blanks, in particular securities and/or banknotes, over a large area and/or the entire area or with small areas and/or in the form of a grid and/or in the form of image information and/or in other forms. In a preferred embodiment, the coating is carried out using the flexographic printing process as the last coating process and/or printing process in order to protect all previous processing results.

The flexographic printing unit 03; 600 preferably has at least one cylinder 603; 604; 606; 607 of a third type designed as a flexographic forme cylinder 603; 604; 606; 607. Preferably, at least one inking unit 618 is arranged per flexographic forme cylinder 603; 604; 606; 607. A flexographic forme cylinder 603; 604; 606; 607 is to be understood in particular as a forme cylinder 603; 604; 606; 607 intended for a flexographic printing process and/or is to be understood in particular as a forme cylinder 603; 604; 606; 607 which is designed to carry at least one preferably exchangeable flexographic printing forme, in particular on its outer surface. The at least one inking unit 618 preferably provides the respective flexo printing form of this respective flexo form cylinder 603; 604; 606; 607 with printing ink upon contact. The respective flexo form cylinder 603; 604; 606; 607 is rotated further and comes into contact with the respective sheet 02 and transfers the printing ink to the sheet 02 in the form specified by the flexo printing form. Preferably, a respective printing point 617 is defined by each flexo form cylinder 603; 604; 606; 607 and the counter-pressure cylinder 601; 602 that is in direct contact with it and/or interacts directly with it and/or is capable of interacting directly with it.

The respective inking unit 618 preferably has at least one ink supply, more preferably exactly one ink supply. The at least one ink supply is designed, for example, as a respective chambered doctor blade and more preferably has at least one doctor blade chamber and at least one working doctor blade. The chambered doctor blade is preferably arranged in direct contact with an anilox roller and/or directly interacting with it and/or capable of directly interacting with it. The anilox roller is preferably arranged in direct contact with a respective flexographic forme cylinder 603; 604; 606; 607 and/or directly interacting with it and/or capable of directly interacting with it.

The respective flexo form cylinder 603; 604; 606; 607 is a respective cylinder 603; 604; 606; 607 of the third type, in particular according to what has been described above and below. Preferably, therefore, each respective flexo form cylinder 603; 604; 606; 607 is arranged so as to be in direct contact with and/or to interact directly and/or to be able to interact directly with a respective cylinder 601; 602 of the first type, in particular designed as an impression cylinder 601; 602. In an alternative or additional development of the flexo printing unit 03; 600, a flexo form cylinder 603; 604; 606; 607 is arranged. This is preferably assigned to an impression cylinder 601; 602. A further impression cylinder is then not necessary. In an alternative or additional development of the flexo printing unit 03; 600, two flexo forme cylinders 603; 604; 606; 607 are arranged. Preferably, these two flexo forme cylinders 603; 604; 606; 607 are assigned to the same impression cylinder 601; 602. A further impression cylinder is then not necessary. Alternatively, each of these two flexo forme cylinders 603; 604; 606; 607 is assigned to a different one of two impression cylinders 601; 602. Preferably and particularly in this case, the sheet-fed printing unit 03; 500; 600; 700 has at least two forme cylinders 503; 504; 506; 507; 603; 604; 606; 607; 703; 704; 706; 707, of which at least one forme cylinder 503; 504; 603; 604; 703; 704 is arranged to be in direct contact with and/or to interact directly with the first cylinder 501; 601; 701 of the first type, and of which at least one other forme cylinder 506; 507; 606; 607; 706; 707 is arranged to be in direct contact with and/or to interact directly with the second cylinder 502; 602; 702 of the first type, wherein at least one of the forme cylinders 503; 504; 506; 507; 603; 604; 606; 607; 703; 704; 706; 707 is designed as a flexo forme cylinder 603; 604; 606; 607. In an alternative or additional development of the flexo printing unit 03; 600, three flexo forme cylinders 603; 604; 606; 607 are arranged. Preferably, two of these three flexo forme cylinders 603; 604; 606; 607 are then assigned to the same of two counter-pressure cylinders 601; 602 and the third flexo forme cylinder 603; 604; 606; 607 is assigned to the other of the two counter-pressure cylinders 601; 602. In an alternative or additional development of the flexo printing unit 03; 600, four flexo forme cylinders 603; 604; 606; 607 are arranged. Preferably, two of these four flexo forme cylinders 603; 604; 606; 607 are then assigned to the same of two counter-pressure cylinders 601; 602 and are the other two of the four Flexo-Formzy cylinders 603; 604; 606; 607 assigned to the other of the two counter-pressure cylinders 601; 602.

Preferably, impression cylinders 601; 602 of the flexographic printing unit 03; 600 are also designed as sheet transport cylinders 601; 602, particularly regardless of their number. If the flexographic printing unit 03; 600 has only one cylinder 601; 602 of the first type designed as an impression cylinder 601; 602, this impression cylinder 601; 602 is preferably arranged so as to be in direct contact with both a supplying sheet transfer element 611 and a discharged sheet transfer element 612 and/or to interact directly and/or to be able to interact directly. If the flexographic printing unit 03; 600 has two cylinders 601; 602 of the first type designed as impression cylinders 601; 602, one of these impression cylinders 601; 602 is arranged to be in direct contact with the supplying sheet transfer element 611 and/or to interact directly and/or to be able to interact directly, and preferably another of these two counter-pressure cylinders 601; 602 is arranged to be in direct contact with the discharged sheet transfer element 612 and/or to interact directly and/or to be able to interact directly. The supplying sheet transfer element 611 is preferably designed as a supplying sheet transfer cylinder 611 and/or cylinder 611 of a second type. The discharged sheet transfer element 612 is preferably designed as a discharged sheet transfer cylinder 612 and/or cylinder 612 of a second type.

The flexographic printing unit 03; 600 preferably has at least one drying device 04; 616; 619. The flexographic printing unit 03; 600 more preferably has at least two drying devices 04; 616; 619. For example, at least one drying device 04; 616; 619 is arranged aligned with at least one impression cylinder 601; 602 of the flexographic printing unit 03; 600. Preferably, at least one drying device 04; 616; 619 is arranged aligned with each of two impression cylinders 601; 602 of the flexographic printing unit 03; 600.

Preferably, this at least one drying device 04; 616; 619 is arranged along the transport path provided for the transport of sheets 02 after at least one printing point 617 of this flexo printing unit 600, aligned with this impression cylinder 601; 602. For example, this at least one drying device 04; 616 is designed as an intermediate drying device 04; 616 and is arranged along the transport path provided for the transport of sheets 02 between two printing points 617, aligned with the respective at least or exactly one impression cylinder 601; 602, which also defines these two printing points 617. In the case of two impression cylinders 601; 602, this preferably applies to each of these two impression cylinders 601; 602. Alternatively or additionally, two drying devices 04; 616; 619 are arranged directly connected to the intermediate drying device 04; 616 along the transport path provided for the transport of sheets 02, adjacent printing points 617 are preferably assigned to different ones of the two impression cylinders 601; 601. Alternatively or additionally, at least one further drying device 04; 619 is preferably arranged aligned with the at least one impression cylinder 601; 602, in particular along the transport path provided for the transport of sheets 02 after at least a second printing point 617 of this flexo printing unit 600 assigned to this corresponding impression cylinder 601; 602. In the case of two impression cylinders 601; 602, this preferably applies again to each of these two impression cylinders 601; 602. The flexo printing unit 03; 600 therefore preferably has four drying devices 04; 616; 619. At least one respective intermediate drying device 04; 616 has, for example, several energy release devices arranged one after the other along the transport path provided for sheets 02. These are arranged, for example, in their own housings. This can increase the corresponding drying effect. Nevertheless, these are preferably viewed as a respective intermediate drying device 04; 616. The respective at least one drying device 04; 616; 619 is preferably designed as described above and/or below in general for drying devices.

In the case in which the flexographic printing unit 03; 600 has only one cylinder 601; 602 of the first type designed as an impression cylinder 601; 602, the region of the transport path provided for the transport of sheets 02 in which contact is provided between sheets 02 on the one hand and the outer surface of the impression cylinder 601; 602 on the other hand, preferably extends over an angular range of at least 180°, more preferably at least 200°, even more preferably at least 220°, even more preferably at least 240° and even more preferably at least 250°. In other words, this means that a transport path is provided for the transport of sheets 02 and that this transport path for this impression cylinder 601; 602 has a region in which contact is provided between sheets 02 on the one hand and the outer surface of this impression cylinder 601; 602 on the other hand is provided and that this region of the transport path for this counter-pressure cylinder 601; 602 extends over an angular range of at least 180°, more preferably at least 220°, even more preferably at least 240° and even more preferably at least 250°. This The region of the transport path provided for the transport of sheets 02 in which contact is provided between sheets 02 on the one hand and the outer surface of the impression cylinder 601; 602 on the other hand, apart from regions of the supplying transfer point 613 and/or the discharged transfer point 614, preferably only has a curvature in one direction and/or a constant curvature. In the case in which the flexographic printing unit 03; 600 has two cylinders 601; 602 of the first type designed as impression cylinders 601; 602, the region of the transport path provided for the transport of sheets 02 in which contact is provided between sheets 02 on the one hand and the outer surface of the respective impression cylinder 601; 602 preferably extends along each of these two impression cylinders 601; 602. 602 on the other hand, preferably over an angular range of at least 180°, more preferably at least 225°, even more preferably at least 270°, even more preferably at least 290°, even more preferably at least 300° and even more preferably at least 310°. In other words, this means that a transport path is provided for transporting sheets 02 and that this transport path for the respective impression cylinder 601; 602, in particular for each of these two impression cylinders 601; 602, has an area in which contact is provided between sheet 02 on the one hand and the outer surface of the respective impression cylinder 601; 602 on the other hand and that this area of the transport path for the respective impression cylinder 601; 602, in particular for the respective of these two impression cylinders 601; 602 each extend over an angular range of at least 270°, more preferably at least 290°, even more preferably at least 300° and even more preferably at least 310°. This angular range is preferably measured in an imaginary plane whose surface normal is oriented parallel to the rotation axis 621; 622 of the corresponding impression cylinder 601; 602, with an apex of this angular range lying on this rotation axis 621; 622 of the corresponding impression cylinder 601; 602. The entire area of the transport path provided for the transport of sheets 02, in which there is contact between sheets 02 on the one hand and a jacket surface of any of the two impression cylinders 601; 602 of the flexographic printing unit 03; 600 on the other hand, apart from regions of the supply transfer point 613 and/or the discharge transfer point 614, preferably has an S-shape and/or a change in its direction of curvature.

In the case in which the flexo printing unit 03; 600 has only one cylinder 601; 602 of the first type designed as an impression cylinder 601; 602, it is preferably intended for single-sided printing of sheets 02. In the case in which the flexo printing unit 03; 600 has two cylinders 601; 602 of the first type designed as impression cylinders 601; 602, it is preferably intended for double-sided printing of sheets 02.

The flexographic printing process is a relief printing process. The previous and/or following statements on the flexographic printing unit 03; 600 also apply generally to a relief printing unit 03; 600, provided that no contradictions arise.

In an alternative embodiment of a flexographic printing unit 03; 600, this has a different cylinder arrangement. The alternative embodiment of the flexographic printing unit 03; 600 is preferably constructed exactly as described above, except for the features described below. In the alternative embodiment of the flexographic printing unit 03; 600, the flexographic printing unit 03; 600 preferably has several and more preferably exactly four cylinders 601; 602; 611; 612, which are designed to transport sheets 02. These four cylinders 601; 602; 611; 612 preferably have a particularly effective circumference that corresponds to the simple unit length. For example, the first or third of these four cylinders 601; 602; 611; 612 along the transport path provided for transporting sheets 02 is designed as an impression cylinder 601; 602 and/or interacts with a flexographic forme cylinder 603; 604 arranged above it. Alternatively or additionally, the second or fourth of these four cylinders 601; 602; 611; 612 along the transport path provided for the transport of sheets 02 is preferably designed as an impression cylinder 601; 602 and/or interacts with a flexographic forme cylinder 603; 604 arranged below it. At least one drying device 616 is preferably arranged aligned with a jacket surface of at least one of these four cylinders 601; 602; 611; 612. For example, a respective axis of rotation of the first and the fourth of these four cylinders 601; 602; 611; 612 relative to the transport path is arranged at the same height. For example, a rotation axis of the second of these four cylinders 601; 602; 611; 612 relative to the transport path is 612 is arranged at a lower height than this respective axis of rotation of the first and the fourth of these four cylinders 601; 602; 611; 612 relative to the transport path. For example, a rotation axis of the third of these four cylinders 601; 602; 611; 612 relative to the transport path is arranged at a higher height than this respective axis of rotation of the first and the fourth of these four cylinders 601; 602; 611; 612 relative to the transport path. For example, at least one inspection device 401 is arranged on a counter printing cylinder 602 and/or the first or third of these four cylinders 601; 602; 611; 612. (By way of example, a respective sheet processing machine 01 with two flexo form cylinders 603; 604 of such an alternative embodiment of the flexo printing unit 03; 600 is also shown in 14 , 15 and 16 The possibility of integrating a flexo form cylinder 603; 604 into a sheet numbering printing unit 03; 500 is also shown.)

In an additional or alternative development, the sheet processing machine 01 preferably and in particular additionally has at least one cylinder pair consisting of two impression cylinders 501; 502; 601; 602; 701; 702 which are arranged so as to be in direct contact with one another and/or to interact directly with one another and/or to be capable of interacting directly, wherein one impression cylinder 501; 502; 601; 602; 701; 702 of these two impression cylinders 501; 502; 601; 602; 701; 702 of the cylinder pair is connected to at least one forme cylinder 603; 604; 606; 607 designed as a flexo forme cylinder 603; 604; 606; 607. 607 is arranged so as to be in direct contact and/or to interact directly and/or to be able to interact directly, and wherein the other impression cylinder 501; 502; 601; 602; 701; 702 of these two impression cylinders 501; 502; 601; 602; 701; 702 of the cylinder pair is arranged so as to be in direct contact and/or to interact directly and/or to be able to interact directly with at least one forme cylinder 603; 604; 606; 607, which is designed as a numbering forme cylinder 503; 504; 506; 507 or as a screen printing forme cylinder 703; 704; 706; 707. For example, the first impression cylinder 501; 502; 601; 602; 701; 702 of these two impression cylinders 501; 502; 601; 602; 701; 702 of the cylinder pair are arranged so as to be in direct contact and/or to interact directly and/or to be able to interact directly with at least one forme cylinder 603; 604; 606; 607, which is designed as a numbering forme cylinder 503; 504; 506; 507 or as a screen printing forme cylinder 703; 704; 706; 707 and/or the second impression cylinder 501; 502; 601; 602; 701; 702 of these two impression cylinders 501; 502; 601; 602; 701; 702 of the cylinder pair are arranged so as to be in direct contact with and/or to interact directly and/or to be able to interact directly with at least one forme cylinder 603; 604; 606; 607 designed as a flexo forme cylinder 603; 604; 606; 607. Preferably, at least one dryer 516 is arranged so as to be aligned with a jacket surface of the first impression cylinder 501; 502; 601; 602; 701; 702 of these two impression cylinders 501; 502; 601; 602; 701; 702 of the cylinder pair along a transport path provided for transporting sheets 02. In an additional or alternative development, the sheet processing machine 01 is preferably characterized in that along the transport path provided for transporting sheets 02, after the cylinder pair, at least one further impression cylinder 501; 502; 601; 602; 701; 702 is arranged, which is arranged so as to be in direct contact with and/or to interact directly and/or to be able to interact directly with at least one forme cylinder 603; 604; 606; 607 designed as a flexo forme cylinder 603; 604; 606; 607. In an additional or alternative development, the sheet processing machine 01 is preferably assigned a unit length and respective circumferences of the at least one flexo forme cylinder 603; 604; 606; 607 and/or of the at least one numbering forme cylinder 503; 504; 506; 507 and/or of the at least one screen printing forme cylinder 703; 704; 706; 707 correspond to the unit length and a respective circumference of the two counter-pressure cylinders 501; 502; 601; 602; 701; 702 of the cylinder pair of standard length. In an additional or alternative development, the sheet processing machine 01 is preferably characterized in that along a transport path provided for transporting sheets 02, in front of the cylinder pair, at least one further counter-pressure cylinder 501; 502 is arranged, which is arranged so as to be in direct contact with and/or to interact directly and/or to be able to interact directly with at least one forme cylinder 603; 604; 606; 607, which is designed as a numbering forme cylinder 503; 504; 506; 507 or as a screen printing forme cylinder 703; 704; 706; 707 and/or that along a transport path provided for transporting sheets 02, in front of the cylinder pair, at least two further counter-pressure cylinders 501; 502 are arranged, each of which is connected to at least one forme cylinder 603; 604; 606; 607 is arranged in direct contact and/or directly interacting and/or capable of directly interacting, which are each designed as numbering form cylinders 503; 504; 506; 507 or as screen printing form cylinders 703; 704; 706; 707. (By way of example, a respective sheet processing machine 01 with a cylinder pair of counter-pressure cylinders, which interact with different form cylinders, is also in 14 , 15 and 16 shown.) It is also possible to arrange forme cylinders which serve other printing processes in cooperation with the cylinder pair instead of the forme cylinders mentioned.

In an additional or alternative development, the sheet processing machine 01 preferably has at least one sheet processing unit 03; 700 and/or sheet printing unit 03; 700 designed for a screen printing process and/or at least one sheet printing unit 03; 700 is designed for a screen printing process. Such a Sheet-fed printing unit 03; 700 is also called screen printing unit 03; 700. The screen printing process is used, for example, to apply printing ink that has magnetically alignable portions, the alignment of which can preferably be perceived at least indirectly by at least one optical effect, for example. The at least one screen printing unit 03; 700 preferably has at least one frame 708; 709, which preferably has at least two frame side walls 708; 709, between which corresponding cylinders 701; 702; 703; 704; 706; 707; 711; 712 are mounted. The screen printing unit 03; 700 preferably has at least one main cylinder 701; 702 and/or cylinder 701; 702 of the first type, which is further preferably used as the respective counter-pressure cylinder 701; 702 and/or as a respective sheet transport cylinder 701; 702. For example, the screen printing unit 03; 700 has two cylinders 701; 702 of the first type, which are more preferably designed as a respective counter-pressure cylinder 701; 702 and/or as a respective sheet transport cylinder 701; 702 and/or which are arranged to be in direct contact with one another and/or to interact directly with one another and/or to be able to interact directly with one another.

Preferably, a respective coating is carried out by means of the screen printing process in order to provide the blanks, in particular securities and/or banknotes, with a printed image which more preferably has optically variable properties. Preferably, a cylinder-jacket-shaped screen is used as the printing form in the usual way, which has partly open and partly closed screen spaces and in this way defines a printing form. This respective screen is preferably a component of a respective corresponding screen printing form cylinder 703; 704; 706; 707. The respective screen printing form cylinder 703; 704; 706; 707 therefore preferably has at least one receiving device, by means of which the cylinder-jacket-shaped screen can be arranged and/or rotated in at least one desired position. For example, receiving devices are and/or can be arranged at two opposite ends of the cylinder-jacket-shaped screen in relation to the transverse direction A. For example, at least one adapter is arranged between the respective receiving device and the respective screen. Preferably, the corresponding printing unit 03; 200; 500; 600; 700 has the at least one receiving device, even if no cylinder jacket-shaped screen is arranged. In particular because with the at least one receiving device a part of the respective screen printing form cylinder 703; 704; 706; 707 remains in the respective screen printing unit 03; 700 at all times, this screen printing unit 03; 700 has the corresponding screen printing form cylinder 703; 704; 706; 707 even when the cylinder jacket-shaped screen is removed. If the components of the printing ink are aligned, this is preferably done by means of at least one magnet or several magnets. The screen printing unit 03; 700 preferably has at least one cylinder 703; 704; 706; 707 of the third type designed as a screen printing form cylinder 703; 704; 706; 707. The respective screen printing form cylinder 703; 704; 706; 707 is preferably supplied with ink in the usual way by feeding the printing ink into the interior of the respective screen printing form cylinder 703; 704; 706; 707 and arranging a doctor blade inside the respective screen printing form cylinder 703; 704; 706; 707. The printing ink is preferably thereby transferred from the interior of the screen printing form cylinder 703; 704; 706; 707 through the screen directly onto the sheets 02. Preferably, a respective printing point 717 is defined by each screen printing form cylinder 703; 704; 706; 707 and the counter-pressure cylinder 701; 702 that is in direct contact with it and/or interacts directly with it and/or is capable of interacting directly with it.

The respective screen printing forme cylinder 703; 704; 706; 707 is a respective cylinder 703; 704; 706; 707 of the third type, in particular as described above and below. Preferably, each respective screen printing forme cylinder 703; 704; 706; 707 is therefore arranged so as to be in direct contact with a respective cylinder 701; 702 of the first type, in particular designed as a counter-pressure cylinder 701; 702, and/or to interact directly with them and/or to be capable of interacting directly. In an alternative or additional development of the screen printing unit 03; 700, a screen printing forme cylinder 703; 704; 706; 707 is arranged. This is assigned to a counter-pressure cylinder 701; 702. A further counter-pressure cylinder is then not necessary. In an alternative or additional development of the screen printing unit 03; 700, two screen printing forme cylinders 703; 704; 706; 707 are arranged. Preferably, these two screen printing forme cylinders 703; 704; 706; 707 are assigned to the same counter-pressure cylinder 701; 702. A further counter-pressure cylinder is then not necessary. Alternatively, each of these two screen printing forme cylinders 703; 704; 706; 707 is assigned to a different one of two counter-pressure cylinders 701; 702. Preferably, and particularly in this case, the sheet-fed printing unit 03; 500; 600; 700 has at least two forme cylinders 503; 504; 506; 507; 603; 604; 606; 607; 703; 704; 706; 707, of which at least one forme cylinder 503; 504; 603; 604; 703; 704 is arranged to be in direct contact with and/or to interact directly with the first cylinder 501; 601; 701 of the first type, and of which at least one other forme cylinder 506; 507; 606; 607; 706; 707 is arranged to be in direct contact with and/or to interact directly with the second cylinder 502; 602; 702 of the first type, wherein at least one of the forme cylinders 503; 504; 506; 507; 603; 604; 606; 607; 703; 704; 706; 707 is designed as a screen printing forme cylinder 703; 704; 706; 707. In an alternative or additional development of the screen printing unit 03; 700, three screen printing forme cylinders 703; 704; 706; 707 are arranged. Preferably, two of these three screen printing forme cylinders 703; 704; 706; 707 are then assigned to the same of two counter-pressure cylinders 701; 702 and the third screen printing forme cylinder 703; 704; 706; 707 is assigned to the other of the two counter-pressure cylinders 701; 702. In an alternative or additional development of the screen printing unit 03; 700, four screen printing forme cylinders 703; 704; 706; 707 are arranged. Preferably, two of these four screen printing forme cylinders 703; 704; 706; 707 are assigned to the same of two impression cylinders 701; 702 and the other two of the four screen printing forme cylinders 703; 704; 706; 707 are assigned to the other of the two impression cylinders 701; 702.

Preferably, the impression cylinder(s) 701; 702 of the screen printing unit 03; 700 is(are) also designed as a sheet transport cylinder 701; 702, particularly regardless of their number. If the screen printing unit 03; 700 has only one cylinder 701; 702 of the first type designed as an impression cylinder 701; 702, this impression cylinder 701; 702 is preferably arranged so as to be in direct contact with both a supplying sheet transfer element 711 and a discharged sheet transfer element 712 and/or to interact directly with them and/or to be able to interact directly. If the screen printing unit 03; 700 has two cylinders 701; 702 of the first type designed as impression cylinders 701; 702, one of these impression cylinders 701; 702 is arranged to be in direct contact with the supplying sheet transfer element 611 and/or to interact directly and/or to be able to interact directly, and preferably another of these two counter-pressure cylinders 701; 702 is arranged to be in direct contact with the discharged sheet transfer element 712 and/or to interact directly and/or to be able to interact directly. The supplying sheet transfer element 711 is preferably designed as a supplying sheet transfer cylinder 711 and/or cylinder 711 of a second type. The discharged sheet transfer element 712 is preferably designed as a discharged sheet transfer cylinder 712 and/or cylinder 712 of a second type.

Preferably, at least one drying device 04; 716 is arranged aligned with at least one impression cylinder 701; 702 of the respective screen printing unit 700. Preferably, this at least one drying device 04; 716 is arranged along the transport path provided for the transport of sheets 02 after at least one printing point 717 of this screen printing unit 700, aligned with this impression cylinder 701; 702. For example, this at least one drying device 04; 716 is designed as an intermediate drying device 04; 716 and is arranged along the transport path provided for the transport of sheets 02 between two printing points 717, aligned with the respective at least or exactly one impression cylinder 701; 702, which also defines these two printing points 717. In the case of two impression cylinders 701; 702, this preferably applies to each of these two impression cylinders 701; 702. Alternatively or additionally, two printing points 717 directly adjacent to the intermediate drying device 04; 716 along the transport path provided for the transport of sheets 02 are preferably assigned to different ones of the two impression cylinders 701; 701. At least one respective intermediate drying device 04; 716 has, for example, several energy release devices arranged one after the other along the transport path provided for sheets 02. These are arranged, for example, in their own housings. This can increase the corresponding drying effect. Nevertheless, these are preferably viewed as a respective intermediate drying device 04; 716. The respective at least one drying device 04; 716; 803; 804 is preferably designed as described above and/or in general terms for drying devices below.

In the case in which the screen printing unit 03; 700 has only one cylinder 701; 702 of the first type designed as an impression cylinder 701; 702, the region of the transport path provided for the transport of sheets 02 in which contact is provided between sheets 02 on the one hand and the outer surface of the impression cylinder 701; 702 on the other hand, preferably extends over an angular range of at least 180°, more preferably at least 200°, even more preferably at least 220°, even more preferably at least 240° and even more preferably at least 250°. In other words, this means that a transport path is provided for the transport of sheets 02 and that this transport path for this impression cylinder 701; 702 has a region in which contact is provided between sheets 02 on the one hand and the outer surface of this impression cylinder 701; 702 on the other hand is provided and that this region of the transport path for this impression cylinder 701; 702 extends over an angular range of at least 180°, more preferably at least 220°, even more preferably at least 240° and even more preferably at least 250°. This region of the transport path provided for the transport of sheets 02, in which contact is provided between sheets 02 on the one hand and the outer surface of the impression cylinder 701; 702 on the other hand, has, apart from regions of the supplying transfer point 713 and/or the discharge The transfer point 714 preferably has only one curvature in one direction and/or a constant curvature. In the case in which the screen printing unit 03; 700 has two cylinders 701; 702 of the first type designed as impression cylinders 701; 702, the region of the transport path provided for the transport of sheets 02 in which contact is provided between sheets 02 on the one hand and the outer surface of the respective impression cylinder 701; 702 on the other hand preferably extends on each of these two impression cylinders 701; 702, preferably over an angular range of at least 180°, more preferably at least 225°, even more preferably at least 270°, even more preferably at least 290°, even more preferably at least 300° and even more preferably at least 310°. In other words, this means that a transport path is provided for transporting sheets 02 and that this transport path for the respective impression cylinder 701; 702, in particular for each of these two impression cylinders 701; 702, has an area in which contact is provided between sheet 02 on the one hand and the outer surface of the respective impression cylinder 701; 702 on the other hand, and that this area of the transport path for the respective impression cylinder 701; 702, in particular for the respective of these two impression cylinders 701; 702, extends over an angular range of at least 270°, more preferably at least 290°, even more preferably at least 300° and even more preferably at least 310°. This angular range is preferably measured in an imaginary plane whose surface normal is parallel to the axis of rotation 721; 722 of the corresponding impression cylinder 701; 702, with a vertex of this angular range lying on this rotation axis 721; 722 of the corresponding impression cylinder 701; 702. The entire area of the transport path provided for the transport of sheets 02, in which contact is provided between sheets 02 on the one hand and a circumferential surface of any of the two impression cylinders 701; 702 of the screen printing unit 03; 700 on the other hand, preferably has an S-shape and/or a change in its direction of curvature, apart from areas of the supplying transfer point 713 and/or the discharge transfer point 714.

In the case in which the screen printing unit 03; 700 has only one cylinder 701; 702 of the first type designed as a counter-pressure cylinder 701; 702, it is preferably provided for single-sided printing of sheets 02. In the case in which the screen printing unit 03; 700 has two cylinders 701; 702 of the first type designed as counter-pressure cylinders 701; 702, it is preferably provided for double-sided printing of sheets 02.

Preferably, at least one alignment device 801 for printing ink is arranged. The at least one alignment device 801 for printing ink preferably serves to specifically align components of printing ink within a printed image relative to one another and/or relative to a sheet 02 bearing this printed image. Preferably, the printing ink to be aligned is therefore already applied to the sheet 02 when it is aligned. Alternatively or additionally, the printing ink can be aligned while it is being applied to the sheet 02 and/or aligned before it is applied to the sheet 02. The at least one alignment device 801 has, for example, at least one alignment magnet. The at least one alignment magnet is, for example, at least one electromagnet and/or at least one permanent magnet. Corresponding components of printing ink designed for this purpose are then aligned by the magnetic field of the at least one alignment magnet. An intended alignment pattern is preferably created. Depending on the alignment, the corresponding printing ink preferably reflects other components of the electromagnetic spectrum, in particular depending on the direction. The at least one alignment device 801 is preferably arranged along the transport path provided for the transport of sheets 02 after at least one printing point 717 and/or after at least one screen printing form cylinder 703; 704; 706; 707. Alternatively or additionally, at least one drying device 704; 716; 803; 804 is arranged along the transport path provided for the transport of sheets 02 in the area of and/or after the at least one alignment device 801, in particular for the preliminary and/or final fixing of the alignment.

In an alternative or additional development, the at least one alignment device 801 is designed as a component of the screen printing unit 700 and/or arranged in the screen printing unit 700. In an alternative or additional development, at least one transfer unit 300 is also designed as an alignment unit 800 and/or this alignment unit 800 has the at least one alignment device 801. In particular, the sheet-fed printing press 01 preferably has the at least one alignment device 801 for printing ink, which has at least one alignment magnet. The at least one alignment device 801 is preferably integrated into at least one alignment cylinder 802 and/or arranged aligned with at least one alignment cylinder 802. This alignment cylinder 802 is, for example, part of the screen printing unit 700, but more preferably part of the alignment unit 800. What has been said generally about the at least one transfer unit 300 also applies to the transfer unit 300 designed as an alignment unit 800, provided that no contradictions arise. The at least one alignment cylinder 802 is preferably arranged along the transport path provided for the transport of sheet 02 after the at least one impression cylinder 701 of the corresponding screen printing unit 700, more preferably after the outgoing sheet transfer cylinder 712 of this screen printing unit 700 and even more preferably directly after the outgoing sheet transfer cylinder 712 of this screen printing unit 700.

Preferably, at least one further drying device 04; 803 is arranged, which is further preferably arranged aligned with the at least one alignment cylinder 802. For example, this drying device 04; 803 is designed as a first drying device 04; 803 or pre-drying device 04; 803 and is intended for a drying of the printing ink that is not yet complete, but serves in particular to not impair the alignment of the components of the printing ink when the respective sheet 02 is pulled off the alignment cylinder 802. Preferably, at least one further drying device 04; 804 or final drying device 04; 804 is arranged, which is further preferably used for the final drying of the printing ink with its aligned components. This further drying device 04; 804 or final drying device 04; 804 is arranged, for example, aligned with a further sheet transfer element 806, in particular with a further sheet transfer cylinder 806. This further sheet transfer cylinder 806 is, for example, the next but one sheet transfer cylinder 806 from the alignment cylinder 802 and/or the next sheet transfer cylinder 806 with the same direction of rotation. Then as little contact as possible between the not yet completely dried printing ink and surfaces is necessary. In an alternative embodiment, the further drying device 04; 803, which is further preferably arranged aligned with the at least one alignment cylinder 802, is already designed as a final drying device 04; 803 and/or serves for the final drying of the corresponding printing ink.

In an alternative or additional development, the screen printing unit 03; 700 has two counter-pressure cylinders 701; 702 and three screen printing forme cylinders 703; 704; 706 or optionally four screen printing forme cylinders 703; 704; 706; 707. Preferably, two of the three or four screen printing forme cylinders 703; 704; 706; 707 are arranged so as to be in direct contact with one of the counter-pressure cylinders 701; 702 and/or to interact directly and/or to be able to interact directly, and the third of the three screen printing forme cylinders 703; 704; 706 or the third and fourth of the four screen printing forme cylinders 703; 704; 706; 707 are connected to the other of the counter-pressure cylinders 701; 702 are arranged in direct contact and/or directly interacting and/or capable of interacting directly. Preferably, three or optionally four drying devices 04; 716 are arranged aligned with the impression cylinders 701; 702, in particular such that along the transport path provided for the transport of sheets 02, immediately after each screen printing form cylinder 703; 704; 706; 707, one of the three or four drying devices 04; 716 is arranged aligned with the impression cylinders 701; 702. The three or four drying devices 04; 716 preferably each have at least one energy emitting device, in particular designed as a UV radiation source. For example, at least one further drying device 04 is arranged, in particular along the transport path provided for the transport of sheets 02 after the discharge transfer element 712. This at least one further drying device 04 preferably has at least one energy output device, in particular designed as a hot air source, more preferably at least two and even more preferably at least three. (This is also shown by way of example in 3 shown.)

In an alternative or additional development, two screen printing units 03; 700 are arranged one after the other along the transport path provided for the transport of sheets 02. Each of these two screen printing units 03; 700 has a counter-pressure cylinder 701 and two screen printing forme cylinders 703; 704. Preferably, both counter-pressure cylinders 701 are each designed as upper counter-pressure cylinders 701. Preferably, a drying device 04; 716 is arranged between the two screen printing forme cylinders 703; 704 of the two screen printing units 03; 700, aligned with the respective counter-pressure cylinder 701. Preferably, a respective alignment unit 800 with alignment device 801 for printing ink and/or with pre-drying device 04; 803 and/or with final drying device 04; 804 is arranged after each of the two screen printing units 03; 700. (This is also exemplary in 4a shown.)

In an alternative or additional development, two screen printing units 03; 700 are arranged one after the other along the transport path provided for the transport of sheets 02. Each of these two screen printing units 03; 700 has a counter-pressure cylinder 702 and two screen printing form cylinders 706; 706. Preferably, both counter-pressure cylinders 702 are each designed as upper counter-pressure cylinders 701. Preferably, a drying device 04; 716 is arranged between the two screen printing form cylinders 706; 707 of the two screen printing units 03; 700, aligned with the respective counter-pressure cylinder 702. Preferably, after each of the two screen printing units ten 03; 700 a respective alignment unit 800 with alignment device 801 for printing ink and/or with pre-drying device 04; 803 and/or with final drying device 04; 804 is arranged. (This is also shown as an example in 4b shown.)

In an alternative or additional development, two screen printing units 03; 700 are arranged one after the other along the transport path provided for the transport of sheets 02. Each of these two screen printing units 03; 700 has a counter-pressure cylinder 701; 02 and two screen printing forme cylinders 703; 704; 706; 707. Preferably, a counter-pressure cylinder 701 of the one, in particular first screen printing unit 03; 700 is designed as an upper counter-pressure cylinder 701 and a counter-pressure cylinder 702 of the other, in particular second screen printing unit 03; 700 is designed as a lower counter-pressure cylinder 702. Preferably, a drying device 04; 716 is arranged on the respective counter-pressure cylinder 701; 702. Preferably, after each of the two screen printing units 03; 700, a respective alignment unit 800 with alignment device 801 for printing ink and/or with pre-drying device 04; 803 and/or with final drying device 04; 804 is arranged. (This is also shown as an example in 5 shown.)

In an alternative embodiment of a screen printing unit 03; 700, this has a different cylinder arrangement. The alternative embodiment of the screen printing unit 03; 700 is preferably constructed exactly as described above, except for the features described below. In the alternative embodiment of the screen printing unit 03; 700, the screen printing unit 03; 700 preferably has at least four and more preferably exactly four cylinders 701; 702; 802, which are designed to transport sheets 02 and/or are designed as sheet transport cylinders 701; 702 or alignment cylinders 802. These four cylinders 701; 702; 802 preferably have a particularly effective circumference that corresponds to the simple unit length. A first of these four cylinders 701; 702; 802, in particular along the transport path provided for the transport of sheets 02. 802 is designed, for example, as a first impression cylinder 701 and interacts, for example, with a first screen printing forme cylinder 703, which is arranged, for example, above the first impression cylinder 701. The second of these four cylinders 701; 702; 802, which is arranged in particular along the transport path provided for the transport of sheets 02 after the first of these four cylinders 701; 702; 802, is designed, for example, as a second impression cylinder 702 and interacts, for example, with a second screen printing forme cylinder 704, which is arranged, for example, below the second impression cylinder 702. The third of these four cylinders 701; 702; 802, which is arranged in particular along the transport path provided for the transport of sheets 02 after the second of these four cylinders 701; 702; 802, is designed, for example, as a first alignment cylinder 802 and/or is provided with a first alignment device 801. For example, at least one drying device 803; 804 is arranged, in particular from above, aligned with a circumferential surface of the first alignment cylinder 802, more preferably at least one first pre-drying device 803 and at least one first final drying device 804. The fourth of these four cylinders 701; 702; 802, which is arranged in particular along the transport path provided for the transport of sheets 02 after the third of these four cylinders 701; 702; 802, is designed, for example, as a second alignment cylinder 802 and/or is provided with a second alignment device 801. For example, at least one drying device 803; 804 is arranged, in particular, aligned from below with a jacket surface of the second alignment cylinder 802, more preferably at least one second pre-drying device 803 and at least one second final drying device 804. Instead of such a pre-drying device 803 and/or final drying device 804, a further screen printing forme cylinder can also be arranged. For example, a respective axis of rotation of the first and the fourth of these four cylinders 701; 702; 802 in relation to the transport path is arranged at the same height. For example, a rotation axis of the second of these four cylinders 701; 702; 802 in relation to the transport path is arranged at a lower height than this respective axis of rotation of the first and the fourth of these four cylinders 701; 702; 802 in relation to the transport path. For example, a rotation axis of the third of these four cylinders 701; 702; 802 in relation to the transport path is arranged at a lower height than 802 is arranged at a higher height than the respective axis of rotation of the first and the fourth cylinders 701; 702; 802 in relation to the transport path. For example, at least one inspection unit 400 is arranged along the intended transport path after the screen printing unit 03; 700. (By way of example, a sheet processing machine 01 with such an alternative embodiment of the screen printing unit 03; 700 after two simultaneous sheet printing units 200 is also in 11 As an example, a sheet processing machine 01 with such an alternative embodiment of the screen printing unit 03; 700 is also shown in 12 As an example, a sheet processing machine 01 with three consecutive copies of such an alternate tive embodiment of the screen printing unit 03; 700 also in 13 shown.)

The sheet processing machine 01, in particular sheet-fed printing machine 01, as described preferably has at least one substrate feed device 100 or sheet feed device 100, in particular designed as a sheet feeder 100. The sheet processing machine 01, as described preferably has at least one unit 900 designed as a delivery device 900, in particular sheet delivery 900. The sheet processing machine 01, as described preferably has at least one sheet processing unit 03; 200; 500; 600; 700, in particular sheet-fed printing unit 03; 200; 500; 600; 700. In an alternative or additional development, the sheet processing machine 01 has at least two and/or at least three and/or at least four and/or more than four such sheet processing units, in particular sheet-fed printing units 03; 200; 500; 600; 700. These can work according to the design of the sheet processing machine 01 according to the same and/or different printing processes. For example, the sheet-fed printing machine 01 has a plurality of sheet-fed printing units 03; 200; 500; 600; 700, of which at least one is designed as a simultaneous sheet-fed printing unit 200 and/or simultaneous double printing unit 200 and/or of which at least one is designed as a sheet numbering printing unit 500 and/or letterpress unit 500 and/or of which at least one is designed as a flexographic printing unit 600 and/or letterpress unit 600 and/or of which at least one is designed as a screen printing unit 700. For example, at least one of the sheet-fed printing units 03; 200; 500; 600; 700 is designed as described above and/or below and/or a plurality of the sheet-fed printing units 03; 200; 500; 600; 700 are designed as described above and/or below and/or all sheet-fed printing units 03; 200; 500; 600; 700 are designed as described above and/or below.

In an additional or alternative development, the sheet-fed printing press 01 is preferably characterized in that the sheet-fed printing press 01 has at least one sheet-fed printing unit 03; 200; 500; 600; 700 as described above and that the sheet-fed printing press 01 is assigned the unit length. Regardless of the unit length, in an additional or alternative development in such a sheet-fed printing press 01 with several sheet-fed printing units 03; 200; 500; 600; 700, preferably at least two, more preferably at least three and even more preferably all sheet-fed printing units 03; 200; 500; 600; 700 and in particular their frames 208; 209; 508; 509; 608; 609 708; 709 have the same dimension related to the transport direction T.

In an additional or alternative development, the sheet-fed printing press 01 is preferably characterized in that the sheet-fed printing press 01 has at least two sheet-fed printing units 03; 200; 500; 600; 700, wherein a first sheet-fed printing unit 03; 200; 500; 600; 700 has at least a first cylinder 201; 501; 601; 701 of the first type designed as an impression cylinder 201; 501; 601; 701 and/or a collecting cylinder 201. In an additional or alternative development, the sheet-fed printing press 01 is preferably characterized in that the first sheet-fed printing unit 03; 200; 500; 600; 700 also has a second cylinder 202; 502; 602; 702 and/or a collecting cylinder 202 designed as an impression cylinder 202; 502; 602; 702 of the first type, which are arranged so as to be in direct contact with one another and/or to interact directly with one another and which each have a rotation axis 521; 522; 621; 622; 721; 722, and wherein an axis plane E1 is a plane E1 which contains both the rotation axis 216; 521; 621; 721 of the first cylinder 201; 501; 601; 701 of the first type and the rotation axis 217; 522; 622; 722 of the second cylinder 202; 502; 602; 702 of the first type, and wherein a reference plane E2 is a plane E2 which contains at least one rotation axis 216; 217; 521; 522; 621; 622; 721; 722 of such a cylinder 201; 202 501; 502; 601; 602; 701; 702 of the first type and which has a horizontal surface normal and wherein these two cylinders 201; 202; 501; 502; 601; 602; 701; 702 of the first type are arranged at least during a processing operation, in particular a printing operation, such that the intersection angle between the axis plane E1 on the one hand and the reference plane E2 on the other hand is at most 45°, more preferably at most 30°, even more preferably at most 15°, even more preferably at most 10°, even more preferably at most 5°, even more preferably at most 2°, even more preferably at most 1°, even more preferably at most 0.5° and even more preferably exactly 0°.

In an additional or alternative development, the sheet-fed printing press 01 is preferably characterized in that the sheet-fed printing press 01 has at least one further and/or second sheet-fed printing unit 03; 200; 500; 600; 700 and this second sheet-fed printing unit 03; 200; 500; 600; 700 has at least one first cylinder 201; 501; 601; 701 of the first type designed as an impression cylinder 201; 501; 601; 701 and/or collecting cylinder 201, wherein more preferably the first and the second impression cylinder 201; 202; 501; 502; 601; 602; 701; 702 of the first printing unit 03; 200; 500; 600; 700 and the at least one impression cylinder 201; 202; 501; 502; 601; 602; 701; 702 of second printing unit 03; 200; 500; 600; 700 have the same circumference. In an additional or alternative development, the sheet-fed printing press 01 is preferably characterized in that the second sheet-fed printing unit 03; 500; 600; 700 has a second cylinder 202; 502; 602; 702 of the first type designed as an impression cylinder 202; 502; 602; 702 and/or collecting cylinder 201, which are arranged to be in direct contact with one another and/or to interact directly with one another and which each have a rotation axis 521; 522; 621; 622; 721; 722 and wherein an axis plane E1 is a plane E1 which contains both the rotation axis 216; 521; 621; 721 of the first cylinder 201; 501; 601; 701 of the first type as well as the rotation axis 217; 522; 622; 722 of the second cylinder 202; 502; 602; 702 of the first type and wherein a reference plane E2 is a plane E2 which contains at least one rotation axis 216; 217; 521; 522; 621; 622; 721; 722 of such a cylinder 201; 202 501; 502; 601; 602; 701; 702 of the first type and which has a horizontal surface normal and wherein these two cylinders 201; 202; 501; 502; 601; 602; 701; 702 of the first type are arranged at least during a processing operation, in particular a printing operation, such that the intersection angle between the axis plane E1 on the one hand and the reference plane E2 on the other hand is at most 45°, more preferably at most 30°, even more preferably at most 15°, even more preferably at most 10°, even more preferably at most 5°, even more preferably at most 2°, even more preferably at most 1°, even more preferably at most 0.5° and even more preferably exactly 0°. Preferably, the first and second impression cylinders 201; 202; 501; 502; 601; 602; 701; 702 of the second printing unit 03; 200; 500; 600; 700 have the same circumference.

The designation as first sheet-fed printing unit 03; 200; 500; 600; 700 or second sheet-fed printing unit 03; 200; 500; 600; 700 or third sheet-fed printing unit 03; 200; 500; 600; 700 or further sheet-fed printing unit 03; 200; 500; 600; 700 serves to distinguish them and preferably does not specify their order within the sheet-fed printing machine 01 and/or along the transport path intended for the transport of sheets 02.

In an additional or alternative development, the sheet-fed printing press 01 is preferably characterized in that the first sheet-fed printing unit 03; 200; 500; 600; 700 has its own frame 208; 209; 508; 509; 608; 609; 708; 709, which has at least two frame side walls 208; 209; 508; 509; 608; 609; 708; 709, and that the second sheet-fed printing unit 03; 200; 500; 600; 700 has its own frame 208; 209; 508; 509; 608; 609; 708; 709, which has at least two frame side walls 208; 209; 508; 509; 608; 609; 708; 709.

For example, the first sheet-fed printing unit 03; 200; 500; 600; 700 is designed as a simultaneous sheet-fed printing unit 200 and/or a simultaneous double printing unit 200 and/or the first sheet-fed printing unit 03; 200; 500; 600; 700 is designed as a sheet-numbering printing unit 500 and/or a letterpress unit 500 and/or the first sheet-fed printing unit 03; 200; 500; 600; 700 is designed as a flexographic printing unit 600 and/or a letterpress unit 600 and/or the first sheet-fed printing unit 03; 200; 500; 600; 700 is designed as a screen printing unit 700 and/or the first sheet-fed printing unit is designed as a sheet-fed gravure printing unit and/or the first sheet-fed printing unit has at least one film applicator. In an additional or alternative development, the sheet-fed printing press 01 is preferably characterized in that the first sheet-fed printing unit 03; 500; 600; 700 has at least one forme cylinder 503; 504; 506; 507; 603; 604; 606; 607; 703; 704; 706; 707, which is arranged so as to be in direct contact with and/or to interact directly with the first impression cylinder 501; 601; 701 or with the second impression cylinder 502; 602; 702 and which can be used as a numbering forme cylinder 503; 504; 506; 507 or as a flexo forme cylinder 603; 604; 606; 607 or as a screen printing forme cylinder 703; 704; 706; 707 and/or that the first sheet-fed printing unit 03; 200; 500; 600; 700 has at least one forme cylinder 203; 204; 206; 207 which is arranged to be in direct contact with and/or to interact directly with the first impression cylinder 201 or collecting cylinder 201 or with the second impression cylinder 202 or collecting cylinder 202 and which is designed as a planographic printing forme cylinder 203; 204; 206; 207 and/or as a letterset forme cylinder 203; 204; 206; 207. In an additional or alternative development, the sheet-fed printing machine 01 is preferably characterized in that the first sheet-fed printing unit 200 is designed as a simultaneous sheet-fed printing unit 200 and has exactly four forme cylinders 203; 204; 206; 207, of which exactly two are arranged in direct contact with and/or directly interacting with the first collecting cylinder 201 and of which exactly two others are arranged in direct contact with and/or directly interacting with the second collecting cylinder 202.

In an additional or alternative development, the sheet-fed printing press 01 is preferably characterized in that at least one forme cylinder 203; 204; 206; 207; 503; 504; 506; 507; 603; 604; 606; 607; 703; 704; 706; 707 of the first sheet-fed printing unit 03; 200; 500; 600; 700 is assigned to a different printing process principle than at least one forme cylinder 203; 204; 206; 207; 503; 504; 506; 507; 603; 604; 606; 607; 703; 704; 706; 707 of the second sheet-fed printing unit 03; 200; 500; 600; 700. An assignment to a printing process principle is to be understood in particular that corresponding forme cylinders 203; 204; 206; 207; 503; 504; 506; 507; 603; 604; 606; 607; 703; 704; 706; 707 are each designed such that they are suitable for the application of this respective printing process.

In an additional or alternative development, the sheet-fed printing press 01 is preferably characterized in that the first sheet-fed printing unit 03; 500; 600; 700 has a first cylinder 501; 601; 701 of the first type designed as an impression cylinder 501; 601; 701 and a second cylinder 502; 602; 702 of the first type designed as an impression cylinder 502; 602; 702 and/or that the first sheet-fed printing unit 03; 500; 600; 700 has two cylinders 211; 212; 511; 512; 611; 612; 711; 712 designed as sheet transfer cylinders 211; 212; 511; 512; 611; 612; 711; 712 of the second type, which are each arranged to be in direct contact with and/or to interact directly with one of the cylinders 501; 502; 601; 602; 701; 702 of the first type and/or and that the first sheet-fed printing unit 03; 500; 600; 700 has four cylinders 203; 204; 206; 207; 503; 504; 506; 507; 603; 604; 606; 607; 703; 704; 706; 707 designed as forme cylinders 203; 204; 206; 207; 503; 504; 506; 507; 603; 604; 606; 607; 703; 704; 706; 707 of a third type, of which exactly two are arranged to be in direct contact with and/or to interact directly with the first impression cylinder 201; 501; 601; 701 and of which exactly two others are arranged to be in direct contact with and/or to interact directly with the second impression cylinder 202; 502; 602; 702.

For example, the at least one second or further sheet-fed printing unit 03; 200; 500; 600; 700 is designed as a simultaneous sheet-fed printing unit 200 and/or simultaneous double printing unit 200 and/or the at least one second or further sheet-fed printing unit 03; 200; 500; 600; 700 is designed as a sheet numbering printing unit 500 and/or letterpress unit 500 and/or the at least one second or further sheet-fed printing unit 03; 200; 500; 600; 700 is designed as a flexographic printing unit 600 and/or letterpress unit 600 and/or the at least one second or further sheet-fed printing unit 03; 200; 500; 600; 700 as a screen printing unit 700 and/or the at least one second or further sheet-fed printing unit is designed as a sheet-fed gravure printing unit and/or the at least one second or further sheet-fed printing unit has at least one film application unit. In an additional or alternative development, the sheet-fed printing machine 01 is preferably characterized in that the at least one second or further sheet-fed printing unit 03; 500; 600; 700 has at least one forme cylinder 503; 504; 506; 507; 603; 604; 606; 607; 703; 704; 706; 707 which is arranged so as to be in direct contact with and/or to interact directly with the first impression cylinder 501; 601; 701 or with the second impression cylinder 502; 602; 702 and which is designed as a numbering forme cylinder 503; 504; 506; 507 or as a flexo forme cylinder 603; 604; 606; 607 or as a screen printing forme cylinder 703; 704; 706; 707 and/or that the at least one second or further sheet-fed printing unit 03; 200; 500; 600; 700 has at least one forme cylinder 203; 204; 206; 207 which is arranged to be in direct contact with and/or to interact directly with the first impression cylinder 201 or collecting cylinder 201 or with the second impression cylinder 202 or collecting cylinder 202 and which is designed as a planographic printing forme cylinder 203; 204; 206; 207 and/or as a letterset forme cylinder 203; 204; 206; 207. In an additional or alternative development, the sheet-fed printing press 01 is preferably characterized in that the at least one second or further sheet-fed printing unit 200 is designed as a simultaneous sheet-fed printing unit 200 and/or has at least one cylinder 201; 202 of the first type designed as a transfer cylinder 201; 202 and/or has exactly four forme cylinders 203; 204; 206; 207, of which exactly two are arranged in direct contact with the first collecting cylinder 201 and/or in direct interaction with them, and of which exactly two others are arranged in direct contact with the second collecting cylinder 202 and/or in direct interaction with them. In an additional or alternative development, the sheet-fed printing press 01 is preferably characterized in that the at least one forme cylinder 203; 204; 206; 207; 503; 504; 506; 507; 603; 604; 606; 607; 703; 704; 706; 707 of the second sheet-fed printing unit 03; 200; 500; 600; 700 has the same circumference as the at least one forme cylinder 203; 204; 206; 207; 503; 504; 506; 507; 603; 604; 606; 607; 703; 704; 706; 707 of the first sheet-fed printing unit 03; 200; 500; 600; 700 and/or the at least two or at least three or four forme cylinders 203; 204; 206; 207; 503; 504; 506; 507; 603; 604; 606; 607; 703; 704; 706; 707 of the first sheet-fed printing unit 03; 200; 500; 600; 700.

In an additional or alternative development, the sheet-fed printing press 01 is preferably characterized in that the at least one second or further sheet-fed printing unit 03; 200; 500; 600; 700 has a first cylinder 501; 601; 701 of the first type designed as an impression cylinder 501; 601; 701 and a second cylinder 502; 602; 702 of the first type designed as an impression cylinder 502; 602; 702 and/or that the at least one second or further sheet-fed printing unit 03; 500; 600; 700 has two cylinders 211; 212; 511; 512; 611; 612; 711; 712 designed as sheet transfer cylinders 211; 212; 511; 512; 611; 612; 711; 712 of the second type, which are each arranged to be in direct contact with and/or to interact directly with one of the cylinders 501; 502; 601; 602; 701; 702 of the first type and/or that the at least one second or further sheet-fed printing unit 03; 500; 600; 700 has four cylinders 203; 204; 206; 207; 503; 504; 506; 507; 603; 604; 606; 607; 703; 704; 706; 707 designed as forme cylinders 203; 204; 206; 207; 503; 504; 506; 507; 603; 604; 606; 607; 703; 704; 706; 707 of the third type, of which exactly two are arranged to be in direct contact with and/or to interact directly with the first impression cylinder 201; 501; 601; 701 and of which exactly two others are arranged to be in direct contact with and/or to interact directly with the second impression cylinder 202; 502; 602; 702.

In particular in those developments in which the respective first or second or further sheet-fed printing unit 03; 200; 500; 600; 700 has at least one cylinder 503; 504; 506; 507 of the third type designed as a numbering forme cylinder 503; 504; 506; 507 or at least one cylinder 603; 604; 606; 607 of the third type designed as a flexo forme cylinder 603; 604; 606; 607 or at least one cylinder 703; 704; 706; 707 of the third type designed as a screen printing forme cylinder 703; 704; 706; 707, the sheet-fed printing press 01 is preferably alternatively or additionally characterized in that at least for the respective corresponding counter-pressure cylinder 501; 502; 601; 602; 701; 702 of the first or second or further sheet-fed printing unit 03; 500; 600; 700, that region of a transport path provided for transporting sheets 02, in which contact is provided between sheets 02 on the one hand and the outer surface of the respective impression cylinder 501; 502; 601; 602; 701; 702 on the other hand, extends over an angular range of at least 180°, more preferably at least 225°, even more preferably at least 270°, even more preferably at least 290°, even more preferably at least 300° and even more preferably at least 310°. In other words, this means that a transport path is provided for transporting sheets 02 and that this transport path is for the respective impression cylinder 501; 502; 601; 602; 701; 702, in particular for each of these two impression cylinders 501; 502; 601; 602; 701; 702, in each case, has a region in which contact is provided between sheet 02 on the one hand and the outer surface of the respective impression cylinder 501; 502; 601; 602; 701; 702 on the other hand, and that this region of the transport path for the respective impression cylinder 501; 502; 601; 602; 701; 702, in particular for the respective one of these two impression cylinders 501; 502; 601; 602; 701; 702, in each case, extends over an angular range of at least 270°, more preferably at least 290°, even more preferably at least 300° and even more preferably at least 310°. This angular range is preferably measured in an imaginary plane whose surface normal is oriented parallel to the rotation axis 521; 522; 621; 622; 721; 722 of the corresponding impression cylinder 501; 502; 601; 602; 701; 702, wherein a vertex of this angular range lies on this rotation axis 521; 522; 621; 622; 721; 722 of the corresponding impression cylinder 501; 502; 601; 602; 701; 702.

In an additional or alternative development, the sheet-fed printing press 01 is preferably characterized in that the respective circumferences of the cylinders 201; 202; 501; 502; 601; 602; 701; 702 of the first type of the at least two sheet-fed printing units 03; 200; 500; 600; 700 correspond to twice the unit length and that the respective circumferences of the forme cylinders 203; 204; 206; 207; 503; 504; 506; 507; 603; 604; 606; 607; 703; 704; 706; 707 of the at least two sheet-fed printing units 03; 200; 500; 600; 700 correspond to the unit length.

In an additional or alternative development, the sheet-fed printing press 01 is preferably characterized in that the sheet-fed printing press 01 has at least one transfer unit 300, which is designed in particular as described above and/or below and which has at least one sheet transfer element 301, and in that the at least one transfer unit 300 has its own frame 302; 303 and is arranged to be supported by two functional units 03; 100; 200; 500; 600; 700; 900. In an additional or alternative development, the sheet-fed printing press 01 is further preferably characterized in that one of these two functional units 03; 100; 200; 500; 600; 700; 900 is designed as a substrate feed device 100 or as a sheet processing unit 03; 200; 500; 600; 700, in particular a sheet-fed printing unit 03; 200; 500; 600; 700 and the other of the two functional units 03; 100; 200; 500; 600; 700; 900 is designed as a delivery device 900 or as a sheet processing unit 03; 200; 500; 600; 700, in particular a sheet printing unit 03; 200; 500; 600; 700 and/or that the transfer unit 300 is simultaneously designed as an inspection unit 400 and/or that at least one sheet transfer element 301; 412; 413 of the transfer unit 300 and/or the inspection unit 400 has at least one gripper system and/or that the inspection unit 400 has at least one reflection inspection device 401; 402 and/or at least one transmission inspection device 403.

In an additional or alternative development, the sheet-fed printing machine 01 is preferably characterized in that the first sheet-fed printing unit 200 is designed as a simultaneous sheet-fed printing unit 200 is designed and that the sheet-fed printing press 01 has, in addition to the first sheet-fed printing unit 200 designed as a simultaneous sheet-fed printing unit 200, at least one second sheet-fed printing unit 03; 500; 600; 700 and that the second sheet-fed printing unit 03; 500; 600; 700 has at least one cylinder 501; 502; 601; 602; 701; 702 of the first type designed as an impression cylinder 501; 502; 601; 602; 701; 702 and that at least for this impression cylinder 501; 502; 601; 602; 701; 702 of the second sheet-fed printing unit 03; 500; 600; 700 that region of a transport path provided for transporting sheets 02, in which contact is provided between sheets 02 on the one hand and the outer surface of the respective impression cylinder 501; 502; 601; 602; 701; 702 on the other hand, extends over an angular range of at least 270° and/or at least 290° and/or at least 300° and/or at least 310° and that the two collecting cylinders 201; 202 of the first printing unit 200 and the at least one impression cylinder 501; 502; 601; 602; 701; 702 of the second printing unit 03; 500; 600; 700 have the same circumference. A transport path is preferably provided for transporting sheets 02 and this transport path has a plurality of angles for the respective impression cylinder 501; 502; 601; 602; 701; 702, in particular for each of these two impression cylinders 501; 502; 601; 602; 701; 702, in which contact is provided between sheet 02 on the one hand and the outer surface of the respective impression cylinder 501; 502; 601; 602; 701; 702 on the other hand, and this region of the transport path for the respective impression cylinder 501; 502; 601; 602; 701; 702, in particular for the respective of these two impression cylinders 501; 502; 601; 602; 701; 702, in each case, over an angular range of at least 270°, more preferably at least 290°, even more preferably at least 300° and even more preferably at least 310°. This angular range is preferably measured in an imaginary plane whose surface normal is oriented parallel to the rotation axis 521; 522; 621; 622; 721; 722 of the corresponding impression cylinder 501; 502; 601; 602; 701; 702, wherein a vertex of this angular range lies on this rotation axis 521; 522; 621; 622; 721; 722 of the corresponding impression cylinder 501; 502; 601; 602; 701; 702.

In an additional or alternative development, the sheet-fed printing press 01 is preferably characterized in that a sheet-fed printing unit 200 is designed as a simultaneous sheet-fed printing unit 200 and in that at least one further, for example second sheet-fed printing unit 03; 500; 600; 700 has at least a first and a second impression cylinder 501; 502; 601; 602; 701; 702 and at least one forme cylinder 503; 504; 506; 507; 603; 604; 606; 607; 703; 704; 706; 707 which is connected to the first impression cylinder 501; 601; 701 or to the second impression cylinder 502; 602; 702 is arranged in direct contact and/or directly interacting manner and which is designed as a numbering forme cylinder 503; 504; 506; 507 or as a flexo forme cylinder 603; 604; 606; 607 or as a screen printing forme cylinder 703; 704; 706; 707 and that at least one further, for example third sheet-fed printing unit 03; 500; 600; 700 has at least a first and a second impression cylinder 501; 502; 601; 602; 701; 702 and has at least one forme cylinder 503; 504; 506; 507; 603; 604; 606; 607; 703; 704; 706; 707 which is connected to the first impression cylinder 501; 601; 701 or is arranged in direct contact with and/or directly interacting with the second impression cylinder 502; 602; 702 and which is designed as a numbering forme cylinder 503; 504; 506; 507 or as a flexo forme cylinder 603; 604; 606; 607 or as a screen printing forme cylinder 703; 704; 706; 707.

In an additional or alternative development, the sheet-fed printing press 01 is preferably characterized in that the sheet-fed printing press 01 is assigned an upper counter-pressure height and/or a lower counter-pressure height, which is more preferably related to a setup area assigned to the sheet processing machine 01. Preferably, for at least two sheet-fed printing units 03; 200; 500; 600; 700 of the sheet-fed printing press 01 and more preferably at least three sheet-fed printing units 03; 200; 500; 600; 700 of the sheet-fed printing press 01 and even more preferably at least four sheet-fed printing units 03; 200; 500; 600; 700 of the sheet-fed printing press 01 and even more preferably all sheet-fed printing units 03; 200; 500; 600; 700 of the sheet-fed printing press 01, each rotation axis 216; 217; 521; 522; 621; 622; 721; 722 of cylinders 201, 202; 501; 502; 601; 602; 701; 702 of the first type and/or counter-pressure cylinders 201, 202; 501; 502; 601; 602; 701; 702 is arranged at least during a printing operation at the upper counter-pressure height or the lower counter-pressure height.

In an additional or alternative development, the sheet-fed printing machine 01 is preferably characterized in that the sheet-fed printing machine 01 is assigned an upper transfer cylinder height and/or a lower transfer cylinder height, which is further preferably related to a footprint assigned to the sheet processing machine 01. Preferably, the following applies to at least two sheet-fed printing units 03; 200; 500; 600; 700 of the sheet-fed printing machine 01 and further preferably at least three sheet-fed printing units 03; 200; 500; 600; 700 of the sheet-fed printing machine 01 and even more preferably at least four sheet-fed printing units 03; 200; 500; 600; 700 of the sheet-fed printing machine 01 and further ter preferably all sheet-fed printing units 03; 200; 500; 600; 700 of the sheet-fed printing press 01, that each axis of rotation 219; 221; 528; 529; 628; 629; 728; 729 of sheet transfer cylinders 211; 212; 511; 512; 611; 612; 711; 712 and/or cylinders 211; 212; 511; 512; 611; 612; 711; 712 of the second type is arranged at the upper transfer cylinder height or the lower transfer cylinder height at least during a printing operation.

In an additional or alternative development, the sheet-fed printing press 01 is preferably characterized in that the sheet-fed printing press 01 is assigned an upper forme cylinder height and/or a lower forme cylinder height, which is more preferably related to a footprint assigned to the sheet processing machine 01. Preferably, for at least two sheet-fed printing units 03; 200; 500; 600; 700 of the sheet-fed printing press 01 and more preferably at least three sheet-fed printing units 03; 200; 500; 600; 700 of the sheet-fed printing press 01 and even more preferably at least four sheet-fed printing units 03; 200; 500; 600; 700 of the sheet-fed printing press 01 and even more preferably all sheet-fed printing units 03; 200; 500; 600; 700 of the sheet-fed printing press 01, each rotation axis 222; 223; 224; 226; 523; 524; 526; 527; 623; 624; 626; 627; 723; 724; 726; 727 of forme cylinders 203; 204; 206; 207; 503; 504; 506; 507; 603; 604; 606; 607; 703; 704; 706; 707 and/or cylinders 203; 204; 206; 207; 503; 504; 506; 507; 603; 604; 606; 607; 703; 704; 706; 707 of the third type is arranged at least during a printing operation at the upper forme cylinder height or the lower forme cylinder height.

Sheet transfer elements 211; 212; 301; 412; 413; 511; 512; 611; 612; 711; 712; 806 are shown in the figures as sheet transfer cylinders 211; 212; 301; 412; 413; 511; 512; 611; 612; 711; 712; 806. However, at least one sheet transfer element 211; 212; 301; 412; 413; 511; 512; 611; 612; 711; 712; 806 is alternatively designed as another sheet transfer element 211; 212; 301; 412; 413; 511; 512; 611; 612; 711; 712; 806, for example a chain gripper system or another system that carries at least one gripper system. For example, a system that carries two gripper systems that are arranged to rotate about a common axis of rotation can also be considered as two sheet transfer elements.

When reference is made in the foregoing and/or following to axes of rotation 216; 217; 219; 221; 222; 223; 224; 226; 521; 522; 523; 524; 526; 527; 528; 529; 621; 622; 623; 624; 626; 627; 628; 629; 721; 722; 723; 724; 726; 727; 728; 729, this is to be understood in particular as axes in the mathematical sense.

Unless contradictions arise, in at least one alternative embodiment the respective sheet-fed printing unit 03; 200; 500; 600; 700 is designed as a web printing unit and/or the printing press is designed as a web-fed printing press.

The described design of the sheet-fed printing units 03; 200; 500; 600; 700 makes it possible to produce a sheet-fed printing press 01 adapted to the respective requirements in a simple manner and at relatively low cost. Preferably, such a sheet-fed printing press 01 has at least one sheet feed device 100 and at least one delivery device 900, in particular sheet delivery 900 and/or multiple stack delivery 900, as described. Such a sheet-fed printing press 01 has at least one, for example one or two or three four or five or six or even more sheet-fed printing units, which are designed as described, for example as a simultaneous sheet-fed printing unit 200 and/or simultaneous double printing unit 200 or as a sheet numbering printing unit 500 or as a letterpress unit 500 or as a flexographic printing unit 600 or letterpress unit 600 or as a screen printing unit 700.

An embodiment of such a printing press 01 is a sheet-fed printing press 01 with a sheet feed device 100, a simultaneous sheet printing unit 200, a delivery device 900 and corresponding transfer units 300; 400. (This is also shown as an example in 8a and in 10 shown.)

An embodiment of such a printing machine 01 is a sheet-fed printing machine 01 with a sheet feed device 100, a sheet-fed printing unit 03; 500; 600; 700 designed as a sheet numbering printing unit 500 or as a flexographic printing unit 600 or as a screen printing unit 700, a delivery device 900 and corresponding transfer units 300; 400. (This is also shown as an example in 8b and in 12 shown.)

An embodiment of such a printing press 01 is a sheet-fed printing press 01 with a sheet feed device 100, two simultaneous sheet printing units 200, a delivery device 900 and corresponding transfer units 300; 400. (This is also shown as an example in 8c and in 9 shown.) In one embodiment of the sheet processing machine 01, the sheet processing machine 01 preferably has at least one substrate feed device 100 and at least two sheet processing units 03; 200 designed as simultaneous sheet printing units 03; 200 and at least one delivery device 900. Between the substrate feed device 100 and a first simultaneous sheet printing unit 03; 200 is Preferably, a transfer unit 300 designed as an inspection unit 400 is arranged, which has at least one inspection device 403 designed as a transmission inspection device 403. Preferably, a transfer unit 300 is arranged between the two simultaneous sheet printing units 03; 200, which has at least one drying device 04. Preferably, a transfer unit 300 designed as an inspection unit 400 is arranged between the last simultaneous sheet printing unit 03; 200 and the delivery device 900, which has at least two inspection devices 401; 402 designed as reflection inspection devices 401; 402 and at least one drying device 04. (This is also shown as an example in 1 shown.)

An embodiment of such a printing machine 01 is a sheet-fed printing machine 01 with a sheet feed device 100, a simultaneous sheet-fed printing unit 200, a sheet-fed printing unit designed as a sheet numbering printing unit 500 or as a flexographic printing unit 600 or as a screen printing unit 700, a delivery device 900 and corresponding transfer units 300; 400. (This is also shown as an example in 8d shown.)

An embodiment of such a printing machine 01 is a sheet-fed printing machine 01 with a sheet feed device 100, two sheet-fed printing units each designed as a sheet numbering printing unit 500 or as a flexographic printing unit 600 or as a screen printing unit 700, a delivery device 900 and corresponding transfer units 300; 400. (This is also shown as an example in 8e and in 17 and in 18 shown.) In one embodiment of the sheet processing machine 01, the sheet processing machine 01 preferably has at least one substrate feed device 100 and at least one sheet processing unit 03; 500 designed as a sheet numbering printing unit 03; 500 and at least one sheet processing unit 03; 600 designed as a flexographic printing unit 03; 600 and at least one delivery device 900. Between the substrate feed device 100 and the sheet numbering printing unit 03; 500 there is preferably arranged a transfer unit 300 designed as an inspection unit 400 which has at least two inspection devices 401; 402 designed as reflection inspection devices 401; 402 and at least one inspection device 403 designed as transmission inspection device 403. Between the sheet numbering printing unit 03; 500 and the flexographic printing unit 03; 600, a transfer unit 300 designed as an inspection unit 400 is preferably arranged, which has at least one drying device 04 and at least two inspection devices 401; 402 designed as reflection inspection devices 401; 402 and at least one inspection device 403 designed as transmission inspection device 403. The delivery device 900 is arranged, for example, immediately after the flexo printing unit 03; 600. (This is also shown as an example in 2a and 2b shown.)

An embodiment of such a printing press 01 is a sheet-fed printing press 01 with a sheet feed device 100, three simultaneous sheet printing units 200, a delivery device 900 and corresponding transfer units 300; 400. (This is also shown as an example in 8f shown.)

An embodiment of such a printing machine 01 is a sheet-fed printing machine 01 with a sheet feed device 100, two simultaneous sheet printing units 200, a sheet-fed printing unit designed as a sheet numbering printing unit 500 or as a flexographic printing unit 600 or as a screen printing unit 700, a delivery device 900 and corresponding transfer units 300; 400. (This is also shown as an example in 8g and in 11 shown.) An embodiment of such a printing machine 01 is a sheet-fed printing machine 01 with a sheet feed device 100, two simultaneous sheet printing units 200, a sheet-fed printing unit designed as a screen printing unit 700 in an alternative embodiment, a delivery device 900 and corresponding transfer units 300 and an inspection unit 400. (This is also shown as an example in 11 shown.)

An embodiment of such a printing machine 01 is a sheet-fed printing machine 01 with a sheet feed device 100, a simultaneous sheet-fed printing unit 200, two sheet-fed printing units each designed as a sheet numbering printing unit 500 or as a flexographic printing unit 600 or as a screen printing unit 700, a delivery device 900 and corresponding transfer units 300; 400. (This is also shown as an example in 8 hours shown.)

An embodiment of such a printing machine 01 is a sheet-fed printing machine 01 with a sheet feed device 100, two simultaneous sheet printing units 200, two sheet-fed printing units each designed as a sheet numbering printing unit 500 or as a flexographic printing unit 600 or as a screen printing unit 700, a delivery device 900 and corresponding transfer units 300; 400. (This is also shown as an example in 8i and in 19 shown.)

An embodiment of such a printing press 01 is a sheet-fed printing press 01 with a sheet feed device 100, three simultaneous sheet printing units 200, two each as Sheet numbering printing unit 500 or sheet-fed printing units designed as flexo printing unit 600 or screen printing unit 700, a delivery device 900 and corresponding transfer units 300; 400. (This is also exemplary in 8 years old shown.)

An embodiment of such a printing machine 01 is a sheet-fed printing machine 01 with a sheet feed device 100, a sheet-fed printing unit designed as a screen printing unit 700 in an alternative embodiment, a delivery device 900 and a transfer unit 400 designed as an inspection unit 400. (This is also shown as an example in 12 shown.)

An embodiment of such a printing machine 01 is a sheet-fed printing machine 01 with a sheet feed device 100, three sheet-fed printing units each designed as a screen printing unit 700 in an alternative embodiment, a delivery device 900 and a transfer unit 400 designed as an inspection unit 400. (This is also shown as an example in 13 shown.)

An embodiment of such a printing machine 01 is a sheet-fed printing machine 01 with a sheet feed device 100, three sheet-fed printing units each designed as a sheet numbering printing unit 03 acting from below; 500 in an alternative embodiment, a sheet-fed printing unit designed as a flexographic printing unit 600 in an alternative embodiment, a delivery device 900 and a transfer unit 400 designed as an inspection unit 400. (This is also shown as an example in 14 shown.)

An embodiment of such a printing machine 01 is a sheet-fed printing machine 01 with a sheet feed device 100, three sheet-fed printing units each designed as a top-acting sheet numbering printing unit 03; 500 in an alternative embodiment, a sheet-fed printing unit designed as a flexo printing unit 600 in an alternative embodiment, a delivery device 900 and a transfer unit 400 designed as an inspection unit 400. (This is also shown as an example in 15 and with a variation of the arrangement of the flexo form cylinders 603 in 16 shown.)

One embodiment of such a printing press 01 is a sheet-fed printing press 01 with a sheet feed device 100, two sheet-fed printing units each designed as sheet numbering printing units 03; 500 acting from above in an alternative embodiment, an inspection unit and a delivery device 900.

(This is also shown as an example in Fig. 17.)

An embodiment of such a printing press 01 is a sheet-fed printing press 01 with a sheet feed device 100, a transfer unit 400 designed as an inspection unit 400, a sheet-fed printing unit designed as a sheet numbering printing unit 03; 500 in a second alternative embodiment, a flexo printing unit 600 and a delivery device 900. (This is also shown as an example in 18 shown.)

One embodiment of such a printing press 01 is a sheet-fed printing press 01 with a sheet feed device 100, two simultaneous sheet printing units 200, a transfer unit 400 designed as an inspection unit 400, a sheet-fed printing unit designed as a sheet numbering printing unit 03; 500 in a second alternative embodiment, a flexographic printing unit 600 and a delivery device 900.

(This is also shown as an example in Fig. 19.)

An embodiment of such a printing machine 01 is a sheet-fed printing machine 01 with a sheet feed device 100, a sheet-fed printing unit designed as a screen printing unit 700 in an alternative embodiment, a transfer unit 400 designed as an inspection unit 400, a sheet-fed printing unit designed as a sheet numbering printing unit 03; 500 in a second alternative embodiment, a flexo printing unit 600 and a delivery device 900. (This is also shown as an example in 20 shown.) Alternatively, the flexo printing unit 600 can be omitted.

In an additional or alternative development, the sheet-fed printing press 01 is preferably characterized in that the sheet-fed printing press 01 has at least two sheet-fed printing units 03; 200; 500; 600; 700, wherein the first sheet-fed printing unit 03; 200; 500; 600; 700 of the at least two sheet-fed printing units 03; 200; 500; 600; 700 has at least one cylinder 701; 702 of the first type designed as an impression cylinder 701; 702 and at least one cylinder 703; 704; 706; 707 designed as a screen printing forme cylinder 703; 704; 706; 707, which is connected to the impression cylinder 701; 702 of this first sheet-fed printing unit 03; 700 is arranged in direct contact and/or in particular in direct interaction, and wherein the second sheet-fed printing unit 03; 200; 500; 600; 700 of the at least two sheet-fed printing units 03; 200; 500; 600; 700 has at least one cylinder 701; 702 of the first type, in particular another cylinder 701; 702, designed as a counter-pressure cylinder 701; 702, and has at least one cylinder 703; 704; 706; 707 designed as a screen printing form cylinder 703; 704; 706; 707, which is connected to the counter-pressure cylinder 701; 702 of this second sheet-fed printing unit 03; 700 is arranged so as to be in direct contact and/or in particular to interact directly. In an additional or alternative development, the sheet-fed printing machine 01 is preferably characterized in that along the transport path provided for transporting sheets 02, after the at least one screen printing forme cylinder 703; 704; 706; 707 of this first sheet-fed printing unit 03; 200; 500; 600; 700 and before the at least one screen printing forme cylinder 703; 704; 706; 707 of this second sheet-fed printing unit 03; 200; 500; 600; 700 at least one first alignment device 801 for printing ink is arranged and that along the transport path provided for the transport of sheets 02 in the area of and/or after the at least one first alignment device 801 and before the at least one screen printing forme cylinder 703; 704; 706; 707 of the second sheet-fed printing unit 03; 200; 500; 600; 700 at least one first drying device 04; 716; 803; 804 is arranged. In an additional or alternative development, the sheet-fed printing press 01 is preferably characterized in that along the transport path provided for the transport of sheets 02 after the at least one screen printing forme cylinder 703; 704; 706; 707 of the second sheet-fed printing unit 03; 200; 500; 600; 700 and in particular after the at least one first drying device 04; 716; 803; 804 at least one further alignment device 801 for printing ink is arranged and that along the transport path provided for the transport of sheets 02 in the area of and/or after the at least one further alignment device 801 at least one further drying device 04; 716; 803; 804 is arranged. This at least one further alignment device 801 for printing ink and/or this at least one further drying device 04; 716; 803; 804 is preferably assigned to the second sheet-fed printing unit 03; 200; 500; 600; 700.

In an additional or alternative development, the sheet-fed printing press 01 is preferably characterized in that the sheet-fed printing press 01 has at least one transfer unit 300, which has at least one sheet transfer element 301, and that the at least one transfer unit 300 has its own frame 302; 303 and is arranged to be supported by the at least two sheet-fed printing units 03; 200; 500; 600; 700. In an additional or alternative development, the sheet-fed printing press 01 is preferably characterized in that the at least one transfer unit 300 is simultaneously designed as an alignment unit 800 and has at least one first alignment device 801 and/or that the at least one transfer unit 300 has at least one first drying device 04; 716; 803; 804. In an additional or alternative development, the sheet-fed printing press 01 is preferably characterized in that the at least one first alignment device 801 for printing ink has at least one alignment magnet and/or that the at least one further alignment device 801 for printing ink has at least one alignment magnet. In an additional or alternative development, the sheet-fed printing press 01 is preferably characterized in that the sheet-fed printing press 01 is assigned a unit length and that the respective circumferences of the cylinders 201; 202; 501; 502; 601; 602; 701; 702 of the first type of the at least two sheet-fed printing units 03; 200; 500; 600; 700 correspond to twice the unit length and/or the respective circumferences of the forme cylinders 203; 204; 206; 207; 503; 504; 506; 507; 603; 604; 606; 607; 703; 704; 706; 707 of the at least two sheet-fed printing units 03; 200; 500; 600; 700 correspond to the unit length and/or respective circumferences of the two cylinders 211; 212; 511; 512; 611; 612; 711; 712 of the second type correspond to the unit length.

list of reference symbols

01

Sheet processing machine, sheet-fed printing machine, security printing machine, sheet-fed rotary offset printing machine, sheet-fed rotary letterpress printing machine, sheet-fed rotary flexographic printing machine, sheet-fed rotary letterpress printing machine, sheet-fed numbering machine, sheet-fed inspection machine, sheet-fed rotary screen printing machine, sheet-fed simultaneous printing machine

02

bow

03

Sheet processing unit, sheet printing unit, sheet coating unit, sheet varnishing unit, simultaneous sheet printing unit; simultaneous double printing unit, sheet collective printing unit

04

drying facility

100

substrate feeder, sheet feeder, sheet feeder

101

belt table, conveyor line

200

sheet processing unit, sheet printing unit, simultaneous sheet printing unit, simultaneous double printing unit, sheet collective printing unit

201

cylinder, main cylinder, collecting cylinder, transfer cylinder, impression cylinder, sheet transport cylinder

202

cylinder, main cylinder, collecting cylinder, transfer cylinder, impression cylinder, sheet transport cylinder

203

cylinder, forme cylinder, planographic forme cylinder, letterset forme cylinder

204

cylinder, forme cylinder, planographic forme cylinder, letterset forme cylinder

205

-

206

cylinder, forme cylinder, planographic forme cylinder, letterset forme cylinder

207

cylinder, forme cylinder, planographic forme cylinder, letterset forme cylinder

208

frame, frame side wall

209

frame, frame side wall

210

-

211

Sheet transfer element, cylinder, sheet transfer cylinder, feeding

212

Sheet transfer element, cylinder, sheet transfer cylinder, discharge

213

transfer point, supplying

214

transfer point, laxative

215

-

216

rotation axis (201), axis position

217

rotation axis (202), axis position

218

pressure point

219

rotation axis (211), axis position

220

-

221

rotation axis (212), axis position

222

rotation axis (203), axis position

223

rotation axis (204), axis position

224

rotation axis (206), axis position

225

-

226

rotation axis (207), axis position

227

Farbwerk

228

collection point

229

drying facility

230

-

231

paint supply, paint box

232

cleaning device

233

mold feeding device, plate feeding device

300

transfer unit

301

Sheet transfer element, sheet transfer cylinder

302

frame, frame side wall

303

frame, frame side wall

400

inspection unit, transfer unit

401

inspection facility

402

inspection facility

403

inspection facility

404

sensor, line scan camera

405

-

406

sensor, line scan camera

407

lighting

408

lighting

409

sensor, line scan camera

410

-

411

lighting

412

Sheet transfer element, sheet transfer cylinder

413

Sheet transfer element, sheet transfer cylinder

500

sheet processing unit, sheet printing unit, sheet numbering printing unit, letterpress unit

501

cylinder, main cylinder, impression cylinder, sheet transport cylinder

502

cylinder, main cylinder, impression cylinder, sheet transport cylinder

503

cylinder, forme cylinder, offset printing forme cylinder, numbering forme cylinder, letterpress forme cylinder

504

cylinder, forme cylinder, offset printing forme cylinder, numbering forme cylinder, letterpress forme cylinder

505

-

506

cylinder, forme cylinder, offset printing forme cylinder, numbering forme cylinder, letterpress forme cylinder

507

cylinder, forme cylinder, offset printing forme cylinder, numbering forme cylinder, letterpress forme cylinder

508

frame, frame side wall

509

frame, frame side wall

510

-

511

Sheet transfer element, cylinder, sheet transfer cylinder, feeding

512

Sheet transfer element, cylinder, sheet transfer cylinder, discharge

513

transfer point, supplying

514

transfer point, laxative

515

-

516

drying facility

517

pressure point

518

Farbwerk

519

-

520

-

521

rotation axis (501), axis position

522

rotation axis (502), axis position

523

rotation axis (503), axis position

524

rotation axis (504), axis position

525

-

526

rotation axis (506), axis position

527

rotation axis (507), axis position

528

rotation axis (511); axis position

529

rotation axis (512); axis position

530

-

531

paint supply, paint box

600

sheet processing unit, sheet-fed printing unit, flexo printing unit, letterpress unit

601

cylinder, main cylinder, impression cylinder, sheet transport cylinder

602

cylinder, main cylinder, impression cylinder, sheet transport cylinder

603

cylinder, forme cylinder, flexo forme cylinder

604

cylinder, forme cylinder, flexo forme cylinder

605

-

606

cylinder, forme cylinder, flexo forme cylinder

607

cylinder, forme cylinder, flexo forme cylinder

608

frame, frame side wall

609

frame, frame side wall

610

-

611

Sheet transfer element, cylinder, sheet transfer cylinder, feeding

612

Sheet transfer element, cylinder, sheet transfer cylinder, discharge

613

transfer point, supplying

614

transfer point, laxative

615

-

616

drying device, intermediate drying device

617

pressure point

618

Farbwerk

619

drying facility

620

-

621

rotation axis (601), axis position

622

rotation axis (602), axis position

623

rotation axis (603), axis position

624

rotation axis (604), axis position

625

-

626

rotation axis (606), axis position

627

rotation axis (607), axis position

628

rotation axis (611); axis position

629

rotation axis (612); axis position

700

sheet processing unit, sheet printing unit, screen printing unit

701

cylinder, main cylinder, impression cylinder, sheet transport cylinder

702

cylinder, main cylinder, impression cylinder, sheet transport cylinder

703

cylinder, forme cylinder, screen printing forme cylinder

704

cylinder, forme cylinder, screen printing forme cylinder

705

-

706

cylinder, forme cylinder, screen printing forme cylinder

707

cylinder, forme cylinder, screen printing forme cylinder

708

frame, frame side wall

709

frame, frame side wall

710

-

711

Sheet transfer element, cylinder, sheet transfer cylinder, feeding

712

Sheet transfer element, cylinder, sheet transfer cylinder, discharge

713

transfer point, supplying

714

transfer point, laxative

715

-

716

drying device, intermediate drying device

717

pressure point

718

-

719

-

720

-

721

rotation axis (701), axis position

722

rotation axis (702), axis position

723

rotation axis (703), axis position

724

rotation axis (704), axis position

725

-

726

rotation axis (706), axis position

727

rotation axis (707), axis position

728

rotation axis (711); axis position

729

rotation axis (712); axis position

800

alignment unit, transfer unit

801

alignment device

802

alignment cylinder

803

drying device, pre-drying device, first, final drying device

804

drying device, final drying device

805

-

806

sheet transfer element; Sheet transfer cylinder

900

unit, delivery device, sheet delivery, multiple stack delivery, double stack delivery, triple stack delivery

901

delivery station, stacking display

902

delivery station, stacking display

903

delivery station, stacking display

904

sheet conveyor system, chain conveyor system, chain gripper system

A

transverse direction

T

transport direction

V

direction, vertical

E1

plane, axial plane

E2

plane, reference plane

E3

level, comparison level

S1

cutting plane, vertical, first

S2

cutting plane, vertical, second

S3

supply cutting plane

T1

Tangent plane, first

T2

Tangent plane, outer

T3

Tangent plane, outer

Claims (20)

Sheet-fed printing machine (01), wherein the sheet-fed printing machine (01) has a cylinder pair consisting of two counter-pressure cylinders (501; 502; 601; 602; 701; 702) which are arranged to be in direct contact with one another and/or to interact directly with one another and/or to be able to interact directly, and wherein one counter-pressure cylinder (501; 502; 601; 602; 701; 702) of these two counter-pressure cylinders (501; 502; 601; 602; 701; 702) of the cylinder pair is arranged to be in direct contact with one another and/or to interact directly with one another and/or to be able to interact directly, and wherein the other Impression cylinder (501; 502; 601; 602; 701; 702) of these two impression cylinders (501; 502; 601; 602; 701; 702) of the cylinder pair are arranged to be in direct contact and/or to interact directly and/or to be able to interact directly with at least one forme cylinder (603; 604; 606; 607), which is designed as a numbering forme cylinder (503; 504; 506; 507) or as a screen printing forme cylinder (703; 704; 706; 707). Sheet-fed printing machine (01), wherein the sheet-fed printing machine (01) has at least two sheet-fed printing units (03; 200; 500; 600; 700), wherein a first sheet-fed printing unit (200) is designed as a simultaneous sheet-fed printing unit (200) and has a first cylinder (201) of the first type designed as a collecting cylinder (201) and a second cylinder (202) of the first type designed as a collecting cylinder (202), which are arranged in direct contact with one another and/or in direct interaction with one another and which each have an axis of rotation (216; 217), and wherein an axis plane (E1) is a plane (E1) which contains both the axis of rotation (216) of the first cylinder (201) of the first type and the axis of rotation (217) of the second cylinder (202) of the first type, and wherein a reference plane (E2) is a plane (E2) which contains at least one axis of rotation (216; 217) of such a cylinder (201; 202) of the first type and which has a horizontal surface normal, and wherein these two cylinders (201; 202) of the first type are arranged at least during a processing operation such that the intersection angle between the axis plane (E1) on the one hand and the reference plane (E2) on the other hand is at most 0.5°, and wherein the sheet-fed simultaneous printing unit (200) has exactly four forme cylinders (203; 204; 206; 207), of which exactly two are arranged in direct contact with and/or directly interacting with the first collecting cylinder (201) and of which the other two are arranged in direct contact with and/or directly interacting with the second collecting cylinder (202), and wherein a second sheet-fed printing unit (03; 500; 600; 700) at least one cylinder (501; 502; 601; 602; 701; 702) of the first type designed as an impression cylinder (501; 502; 601; 602; 701; 702), and wherein the second sheet-fed printing unit (03; 500; 600; 700) has at least one forme cylinder (503; 504; 506; 507; 603; 604; 606; 607; 703; 704; 706; 707), which is arranged in direct contact with and/or cooperating with the impression cylinder (501; 502; 601; 602; 701; 702) of the second sheet-fed printing unit (03; 500; 600; 700) and which is designed as Screen printing forme cylinder (703; 704; 706; 707) or as a flexo forme cylinder (603; 604; 606; 607) or as a numbering forme cylinder (503; 504; 506; 507) and wherein the sheet-fed printing machine (01) is assigned a unit length and wherein respective circumferences of the collecting cylinders (201; 202) of the sheet-fed simultaneous printing unit (200) correspond to twice the unit length and wherein respective circumferences of the forme cylinders (203; 204; 206; 207; 503; 504; 506; 507; 603; 604; 606; 607; 703; 704; 706; 707) of the at least two sheet-fed printing units (03; 200; 500; 600; 700) correspond to the unit length and wherein a circumference of the impression cylinder (501; 502; 601; 602; 701; 702) of the second sheet-fed printing unit (03; 200; 500; 600; 700) corresponds to the unit length and that the second sheet-fed printing unit (03; 500; 600; 700) has exactly four cylinders (501; 511; 512; 601; 602; 611; 612; 701; 702; 802) provided for transporting sheets (02) and that a respective axis of rotation of the first and the fourth of these four cylinders (501; 511; 512; 601; 602; 611; 612; 701; 702; 802) are arranged at the same height and that a rotation axis of the second of these four cylinders (501; 511; 512; 601; 602; 611; 612; 701; 702; 802) relative to the transport path is arranged at a lower height than this respective rotation axis of the first and fourth of these four cylinders (501; 511; 512; 601; 602; 611; 612; 701; 702; 802) relative to the transport path and that a rotation axis of the third of these four cylinders (501; 511; 512; 601; 602; 611; 612; 701; 702; 802) is arranged at a greater height than the respective axis of rotation of the first and fourth cylinders relative to the transport path of these four cylinders (501; 511; 512; 601; 602; 611; 612; 701; 702; 802). sheet-fed printing press claim 1 , characterized in that the sheet-fed printing machine (01) additionally has at least two sheet-fed printing units (03; 200; 500; 600; 700) and that a first sheet-fed printing unit (200) is designed as a simultaneous sheet-fed printing unit (200) and has a first cylinder (201) of the first type designed as a collecting cylinder (201) and a second cylinder (202) of the first type designed as a collecting cylinder (202), which are arranged in direct contact with one another and/or in direct interaction with one another and which each have an axis of rotation (216; 217) and that an axis plane (E1) is a plane (E1) which contains both the axis of rotation (216) of the first cylinder (201) of the first type and the axis of rotation (217) of the second cylinder (202) of the first type and that a reference plane (E2) is a plane (E2) which contains at least one axis of rotation (216; 217) of such a cylinder (201; 202) of the first type and which has a horizontal surface normal and that these two cylinders (201; 202) of the first type are arranged, at least during a machining operation, such that the intersection angle between the axis plane (E1) on the one hand and the reference plane (E2) on the other hand is at most 0.5° and that the sheet-fed simultaneous printing unit (200) has exactly four forme cylinders (203; 204; 206; 207), of which exactly two are arranged in direct contact with and/or directly interacting with the first collecting cylinder (201) and of which the other two are arranged in direct contact with and/or directly interacting with the second collecting cylinder (202). sheet-fed printing press claim 1 or 3 , characterized in that the sheet-fed printing machine (01) has at least two sheet-fed printing units (03; 200; 500; 600; 700) and that a second sheet-fed printing unit (03; 500; 600; 700) has at least one cylinder (501; 502; 601; 602; 701; 702) of the first type designed as a counter-pressure cylinder (501; 502; 601; 602; 701; 702) and that the second sheet-fed printing unit (03; 500; 600; 700) has at least one forme cylinder (503; 504; 506; 507; 603; 604; 606; 607; 703; 704; 706; 707) which is connected to the counter-pressure cylinder (501; 502; 601; 602; 701; 702) of the second sheet-fed printing unit (03; 500; 600; 700) is arranged in direct contact and/or interacting manner and which is designed as a screen printing forme cylinder (703; 704; 706; 707) or as a flexo forme cylinder (603; 604; 606; 607) or as a numbering forme cylinder (503; 504; 506; 507). sheet-fed printing press claim 3 and 4 , characterized in that the sheet-fed printing machine (01) is assigned a unit length and wherein respective circumferences of the collecting cylinders (201; 202) of the sheet-fed simultaneous printing unit (200) correspond to twice the unit length and wherein respective circumferences of the forme cylinders (203; 204; 206; 207; 503; 504; 506; 507; 603; 604; 606; 607; 703; 704; 706; 707) of the at least two sheet-fed printing units (03; 200; 500; 600; 700) correspond to the unit length and wherein a circumference of the impression cylinder (501; 502; 601; 602; 701; 702) of the second sheet-fed printing unit (03; 200; 500; 600; 700) corresponds to the unit length. sheet-fed printing press claim 2 , characterized in that the sheet-fed printing machine (01) has a pair of cylinders which consists of two counter-pressure cylinders (501; 502; 601; 602; 701; 702) which are arranged to be in direct contact with one another and/or to interact directly with one another and/or to be able to interact directly, and that one counter-pressure cylinder (501; 502; 601; 602; 701; 702) of these two counter-pressure cylinders (501; 502; 601; 602; 701; 702) of the pair of cylinders is arranged to be in direct contact with one another and/or to interact directly with one another and/or to be able to interact directly, and that the other counter-pressure cylinder (501; 502; 601; 602; 701; 702) of these two counter-pressure cylinders (501; 502; 601; 602; 701; 702) of the cylinder pair are arranged to be in direct contact and/or to interact directly and/or to be able to interact directly with at least one forme cylinder (603; 604; 606; 607), which is designed as a numbering forme cylinder (503; 504; 506; 507) or as a screen printing forme cylinder (703; 704; 706; 707). sheet-fed printing press claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6 , characterized in that the sheet-fed printing press (01) has at least one inspection unit (400) which has a reflection inspection device (401; 402) and/or a transmission inspection device (403) which is arranged aligned with a section of a transport path provided for transporting sheets (02) arranged after the second sheet-fed printing unit (03; 500; 600; 700). sheet-fed printing press claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6 or 7 , characterized in that the sheet-fed printing press (01) has a sheet delivery (900) designed as a multiple stack delivery (900). sheet-fed printing press claim 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6 or 7 or 8 , characterized in that the sheet-fed simultaneous printing unit (03; 200) has at least one forme feed device (233) for feeding printing forms to a respective forme cylinder (203; 204; 206; 207) per forme cylinder (203; 204; 206; 207). sheet-fed printing press claim 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6 or 7 or 8 or 9 , characterized in that in the sheet-fed simultaneous printing unit (200) at least one inking unit (227) is arranged per forme cylinder (203; 204; 206; 207), which has at least one respective ink supply (231) and that for each ink supply (231) of the sheet-fed simultaneous printing unit (200) at least one supply cutting plane (S3) is defined, which both intersects this ink supply (231) and contains the rotation axis (222; 223; 224; 226) of that forme cylinder (203; 204; 206; 207) which cooperates and/or is arranged to be able to cooperate with that inking unit (227) which contains this ink supply (231) and that an intersection angle between the reference plane (E2) on the one hand and at least one such supply cutting plane (S3) of the respective ink supply (231) on the other hand is not more than 45°. sheet-fed printing press claim 2 or 4 or 5 or 6 or 7 or 8 or 9 or 10 , characterized in that the second sheet-fed printing unit (03; 500; 600; 700) has two cylinders (501; 502; 601; 602; 701; 702) of the first type designed as counter-pressure cylinders (501; 502; 601; 602; 701; 702), which are arranged in direct contact with one another and/or in direct interaction with one another and whose respective circumference corresponds to the unit length. sheet-fed printing press claim 2 or 4 or 5 or 6 or 7 or 8 or 9 or 10 or 11 , characterized in that the second sheet-fed printing unit (03; 500; 600; 700) has two cylinders (501; 502; 601; 602; 701; 702) of the first type designed as impression cylinders (501; 502; 601; 602; 701; 702), which are arranged so as to be in direct contact with one another and/or to interact directly with one another, and in that the second sheet-fed printing unit (03; 500; 600; 700) has two forme cylinders (503; 504; 506; 507; 603; 604; 606; 607; 703; 704; 706; 707), each of which is connected to one of these impression cylinders (501; 502; 601; 602; 701; 702) of the second sheet-fed printing unit (03; 500; 600; 700) are arranged in direct contact and/or interacting with each other and which are each designed as a screen printing forme cylinder (703; 704; 706; 707) or as a flexo forme cylinder (603; 604; 606; 607) or as a numbering forme cylinder (503; 504; 506; 507). sheet-fed printing press claim 2 or 4 or 5 or 6 or 7 or 8 or 9 or 10 or 11 or 12 , characterized in that the second sheet-fed printing unit (03; 500; 600; 700) has, in addition to the two impression cylinders (501; 502; 601; 602; 701; 702), two further cylinders (802) provided for transporting sheets (02) and/or that these two further cylinders (802) are designed as alignment cylinders (802) of an alignment device (801) for printing ink and/or at least one drying device (04; 803) is arranged aligned with each of these two further cylinders (802) provided for transporting sheets (02). sheet-fed printing press claim 4 or 5 or 6 or 7 or 8 or 9 or 10 or 11 or 12 or 13 , characterized in that the second sheet-fed printing unit (03; 500; 600; 700) has exactly four cylinders (501; 511; 512; 601; 602; 611; 612; 701; 702; 802) provided for transporting sheets (02), and in that a respective axis of rotation of the first and the fourth of these four cylinders (501; 511; 512; 601; 602; 611; 612; 701; 702; 802) relative to the transport path are arranged at the same height, and in that a rotation axis of the second of these four cylinders (501; 511; 512; 601; 602; 611; 612; 701; 702; 802) relative to the transport path is arranged on a lower height than this respective axis of rotation of the first and fourth of these four cylinders (501; 511; 512; 601; 602; 611; 612; 701; 702; 802) relative to the transport path and that a rotation axis of the third of these four cylinders (501; 511; 512; 601; 602; 611; 612; 701; 702; 802) relative to the transport path is arranged at a greater height than this respective axis of rotation of the first and fourth of these four cylinders (501; 511; 512; 601; 602; 611; 612; 701; 702; 802) relative to the transport path. sheet-fed printing press claim 2 or 4 or 5 or 6 or 7 or 8 or 9 or 10 or 11 or 12 or 13 or 14 , characterized in that the sheet-fed printing machine (01) has a sheet delivery (900) and that one of the collecting cylinders (201; 202) of the simultaneous sheet-fed printing unit (03; 200) is designed as a sheet transport cylinder (201; 202) and is arranged to be in direct contact with and/or to interact directly and/or to be able to interact with both a feeding sheet transfer element (211) and a discharging sheet transfer element (212), and that both for a rotation axis of the feeding sheet transfer element (211) and for a rotation axis of the discharging sheet transfer element (212), a partial section of a chain of a chain gripper system (904) of the sheet delivery (900) is arranged above these rotation axes and that another partial section of this chain is arranged below these rotation axes. sheet-fed printing press claim 1 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6 or 7 or 8 or 9 or 10 or 11 or 12 or 13 or 14 or 15 , characterized in that the first impression cylinder (501; 502; 601; 602; 701; 702) of these two impression cylinders (501; 502; 601; 602; 701; 702) of the cylinder pair is arranged so as to be in direct contact with and/or to interact directly and/or to be able to interact directly with at least one forme cylinder (603; 604; 606; 607), which is designed as a numbering forme cylinder (503; 504; 506; 507) or as a screen printing forme cylinder (703; 704; 706; 707), and/or that the second impression cylinder (501; 502; 601; 702) of these two impression cylinders (501; 502; 601; 602; 701; 702) of the cylinder pair is arranged so as to be in direct contact with and/or to interact directly and/or to be able to interact directly, which forme cylinder is designed as a numbering forme cylinder (503; 504; 506; 507) or as a screen printing forme cylinder (703; 704; 706; 707), and/or that the second impression cylinder (501; 502; 601; 602; 701; 702) of these two impression cylinders (501; 502; 601; 602; 701; 702) of the cylinder pair are arranged to be in direct contact with and/or to interact directly and/or to be capable of interacting directly with at least one forme cylinder (603; 604; 606; 607) designed as a flexographic forme cylinder (603; 604; 606; 607). sheet-fed printing press claim 1 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6 or 7 or 8 or 9 or 10 or 11 or 12 or 13 or 14 or 15 or 16 , characterized in that at least one dryer (516) is arranged aligned with a lateral surface of the first impression cylinder (501; 502; 601; 602; 701; 702) of these two impression cylinders (501; 502; 601; 602; 701; 702) of the cylinder pair along a transport path provided for transporting sheets (02). sheet-fed printing press claim 1 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6 or 7 or 8 or 9 or 10 or 11 or 12 or 13 or 14 or 15 or 16 or 17 , characterized in that along a transport path provided for transporting sheets (02), after the cylinder pair, at least one further counter-pressure cylinder (501; 502; 601; 602; 701; 702) is arranged, which is arranged to be in direct contact with and/or to interact directly and/or to be able to interact directly with at least one forme cylinder (603; 604; 606; 607) designed as a flexographic forme cylinder (603; 604; 606; 607). sheet-fed printing press claim 1 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6 or 7 or 8 or 9 or 10 or 11 or 12 or 13 or 14 or 15 or 16 or 17 or 18 , characterized in that the sheet-fed printing press (01) is assigned a unit length and the respective circumferences of the at least one flexographic forme cylinder (603; 604; 606; 607) and/or the at least one numbering forme cylinder (503; 504; 506; 507) and/or the at least one screen printing forme cylinder (703; 704; 706; 707) correspond to the unit length and that a respective circumference of the two counter-pressure cylinders (501; 502; 601; 602; 701; 702) of the cylinder pair corresponds to the unit length. sheet-fed printing press claim 1 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6 or 7 or 8 or 9 or 10 or 11 or 12 or 13 or 14 or 15 or 16 or 17 or 18 or 19 , characterized in that along a transport path provided for the transport of sheets (02) in front of the cylinder at least one further counter-pressure cylinder (501; 502) is arranged in the pair, which is arranged so as to be in direct contact with and/or to interact directly and/or to be able to interact directly with at least one forme cylinder (603; 604; 606; 607), which is designed as a numbering forme cylinder (503; 504; 506; 507) or as a screen printing forme cylinder (703; 704; 706; 707), and/or that along a transport path provided for transporting sheets (02), in front of the cylinder pair, at least two further counter-pressure cylinders (501; 502) are arranged, which are each arranged so as to be in direct contact with and/or to interact directly and/or to be able to interact directly with at least one forme cylinder (603; 604; 606; 607), which are each designed as a numbering forme cylinder (503; 504; 506; 507) or as a screen printing form cylinder (703; 704; 706; 707).

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