DE102020003062A1 - Method for operating a battery system - Google Patents
Method for operating a battery system Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- DE102020003062A1 DE102020003062A1 DE102020003062.9A DE102020003062A DE102020003062A1 DE 102020003062 A1 DE102020003062 A1 DE 102020003062A1 DE 102020003062 A DE102020003062 A DE 102020003062A DE 102020003062 A1 DE102020003062 A1 DE 102020003062A1
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- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- cell
- accumulator
- battery
- battery system
- cells
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
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Classifications
-
- H02J7/56—
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
- B60L58/21—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules having the same nominal voltage
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
- B60L58/22—Balancing the charge of battery modules
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
- H01M10/441—Methods for charging or discharging for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
- H01M10/482—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
- H01M2010/4271—Battery management systems including electronic circuits, e.g. control of current or voltage to keep battery in healthy state, cell balancing
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Batteriesystems, umfassend wenigstens zwei seriell und/oder parallel geschaltete Akkumulatorzellen, wobei die elektrischen Zellspannungen der Akkumulatorzellen gemessen werden. Bei Feststellung von unterschiedlichen Zellspannungen wird elektrischer Strom aus einer Akkumulatorzelle entnommen und/oder elektrischer Strom in eine Akkumulatorzelle eingebracht, derart dass ein Ausgleich der Zellspannungen der Akkumulatorzellen erzielt ist.The invention relates to a method for operating a battery system, comprising at least two battery cells connected in series and / or in parallel, the electrical cell voltages of the battery cells being measured. When different cell voltages are determined, electrical current is taken from a battery cell and / or electrical current is introduced into a battery cell, such that the cell voltages of the battery cells are balanced.
Description
Die Erfindung geht aus von einem Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Batteriesystems nach dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1.The invention is based on a method for operating a battery system according to the preamble of claim 1.
Ein solches Verfahren lässt sich insbesondere für eine Lithium-Ionen-Batterie in einem Elektrofahrzeug, wie einem E-Automobil, einem E-Bike, einem E-Roller o. dgl., verwenden.Such a method can be used in particular for a lithium-ion battery in an electric vehicle, such as an e-automobile, an e-bike, an e-scooter or the like.
Ein derartiges Batteriesystem umfasst wenigstens zwei seriell und/oder parallel geschaltete Akkumulatorzellen. Beim Betrieb des Batteriesystems werden die elektrischen Zellspannungen der Akkumulatorzellen gemessen, beispielsweise um ein gleichmäßiges Entladen und/oder Aufladen der Akkumulatorzellen zu erzielen. Dabei begrenzt die schwächste Akkumulatorzelle die Kapazität und/oder Lebensdauer des Batteriesystems.Such a battery system comprises at least two serially and / or parallel-connected accumulator cells. During operation of the battery system, the electrical cell voltages of the accumulator cells are measured, for example in order to achieve uniform discharging and / or charging of the accumulator cells. The weakest battery cell limits the capacity and / or service life of the battery system.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, die Kapazität und/oder Lebensdauer des Batteriesystems zu steigern.The invention is based on the object of increasing the capacity and / or service life of the battery system.
Diese Aufgabe wird bei einem gattungsgemäßen Verfahren zum Betrieb des Batteriesystems durch die kennzeichnenden Merkmale des Anspruchs 1 gelöst.In a method of the generic type for operating the battery system, this object is achieved by the characterizing features of claim 1.
Beim erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren wird bei Feststellung von unterschiedlichen Zellspannungen elektrischer Strom aus einer Akkumulatorzelle entnommen und/oder elektrischer Strom in eine Akkumulatorzelle eingebracht. Dies erfolgt derart, dass ein Ausgleich der Zellspannungen der Akkumulatorzellen erzielt wird. Anders als bisher wird nicht nur das Ent- und/oder Aufladen der Akkumulatorzellen durch die gemessenen Zellspannungen gesteuert sondern vielmehr aktiv Strom aus einer Zelle entnommen und/oder in eine Zelle eingespeist, um einen Ausgleich der Zellspannungen zu erzielen. In vorteilhafter Weise werden dadurch die Lebensdauer und/oder die Leistungsfähigkeit des Batteriesystems verbessert. Weitere Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind Gegenstand der Unteransprüche.In the method according to the invention, when different cell voltages are determined, electrical current is drawn from a battery cell and / or electrical current is introduced into a battery cell. This is done in such a way that the cell voltages of the accumulator cells are balanced. Unlike in the past, not only is the discharging and / or charging of the battery cells controlled by the measured cell voltages, but rather current is actively drawn from a cell and / or fed into a cell in order to balance the cell voltages. This advantageously improves the service life and / or the performance of the battery system. Further refinements of the invention are the subject of the subclaims.
In weiterer Ausgestaltung des Betriebsverfahrens kann die Akkumulatorzelle mit der höheren Zellspannung, und zwar insbesondere diejenige mit der höchsten Zellspannung, entladen werden. Und/oder es kann die Akkumulatorzelle mit der niedrigeren Zellspannung, insbesondere diejenige mit der niedrigsten Zellspannung, aufgeladen werden. Des Weiteren kann eine Zusatzzelle für das Batteriesystem vorgesehen sein, derart dass die Akkumulatorzelle mit der niedrigen Zellspannung von der Zusatzzelle aufgeladen wird. Mit Hilfe dieser Maßnahmen lässt sich eine weitere Steigerung der Lebensdauer des Batteriesystems erzielen.In a further embodiment of the operating method, the accumulator cell with the higher cell voltage, in particular the one with the highest cell voltage, can be discharged. And / or the battery cell with the lower cell voltage, in particular the one with the lowest cell voltage, can be charged. Furthermore, an additional cell can be provided for the battery system in such a way that the accumulator cell is charged with the low cell voltage from the additional cell. With the help of these measures, a further increase in the service life of the battery system can be achieved.
Für eine besonders bevorzugte Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist nachfolgendes festzustellen.The following is to be stated for a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention.
Akkumulatoren werden durch das serielle und/oder parallele Kombinieren von Einzelzellen erstellt. In einem Akkusystem begrenzt die schlechteste Zelle im System die Gesamtleistung des Akkumulators. Das bedeutet, ist eine Zelle geschwächt, beispielsweise durch Alterung, Zelldefekte, Toleranzen o. dgl., so bestimmt diese geschwächte Zelle den Stromfluss und/oder die Kapazität des Akkumulators. Solche Zelldefekte können durch Verschmutzung während der Produktion, Alterungseffekte von Akkumulatoren, beispielsweise den Memoryeffekt, Lithiumplating, eine SEI-Schicht o. dgl. entstehen.Accumulators are created by combining individual cells in series and / or in parallel. In a battery system, the worst cell in the system limits the overall performance of the battery. This means that if a cell is weakened, for example due to aging, cell defects, tolerances or the like, this weakened cell determines the current flow and / or the capacity of the accumulator. Such cell defects can be caused by contamination during production, aging effects of accumulators, for example the memory effect, lithium plating, an SEI layer or the like.
Bei der SEI-Schicht (Solid-Electrolyte Interphase - Feststoff-Elektrolyte-Zwischenphase) handelt es sich um eine passive Grenzschicht, die sich in Lithium-Ionen-Akkus (Lilon) und Lithium-Titanat-Akkus an der Grenzfläche zwischen der Anode, die aus Kohlenstoff besteht, und dem Elektrolyt bildet, und die durch die Zersetzung des Elektrolyts entsteht. Durch die SEI-Schicht erhöht sich der Innenwiderstand des Akkus, was einen nachteiligen Einfluss auf den Akku ausübt.The SEI layer (Solid-Electrolyte Interphase) is a passive boundary layer that is found in lithium-ion batteries (Lilon) and lithium-titanate batteries at the interface between the anode, the consists of carbon, and forms the electrolyte, and which is created by the decomposition of the electrolyte. The SEI layer increases the internal resistance of the battery, which has a negative impact on the battery.
Der Erfindung liegt der Gedanke zugrunde
- - ein aktives Einbringen eines Parallelstroms zur Zelle im Serienverbund mit Hilfe einer Zusatzzelle oder aus dem bestehenden Akkuverbund vorzusehen, und/oder
- - ein Stützen einer oder mehrerer beschädigter Zellen mit Parallelstrom vorzusehen,
- - to provide an active introduction of a parallel current to the cell in the series system with the help of an additional cell or from the existing battery system, and / or
- - to provide support for one or more damaged cells with parallel current,
Die mit der Erfindung erzielten Vorteile bestehen insbesondere in Folgendem:
- - Bei beschädigten Akkumulatorzellen kann das Batteriesystem weiter verwendet werden und muss nicht mit hohem Kosteneinsatz erneuert werden.
- - Durch längere Nutzungsmöglichkeit von Batteriesystemen steigt die Umweltbilanz der Akkumulatorzellen, da diese länger und/oder effektiver verwendet werden können.
- - Es wird eine Langzeitstabilität der zur Verfügung stehenden Energiemenge erreicht. Beispielsweise gewährleistet dies eine gleichbleibende Reichweite eines E-Fahrzeugs auch nach etlichen Kilometern.
- - Die Leistungsfähigkeit des Batteriesystems wird aufrechterhalten. Beispielsweise gewährleistet dies ein gleichbleibendes Beschleunigungsvermögen von E-Fahrzeugen aufgrund des gleichbleibenden Innenwiderstands des Akkumulators.
- - Es wird eine Erhöhung der Effizienz durch ein mögliches aktives Balancing erreicht. Dies ist eine weitere Eigenschaft des erfindungsgemäßen Batteriesystems aufgrund der Symmetrierung der Zellspannungen.
- - Die Zufriedenheit der Benutzer wird durch verbesserte Eigenschaften des Batteriesystems gesteigert.
- - Es wird eine Akzeptanzsteigerung von Elektrofahrzeugen durch Entfall des Reichweitenabhängigen Lebensdauer Risikos erzielt.
- - If the battery cells are damaged, the battery system can continue to be used and does not have to be renewed at high cost.
- - As battery systems can be used for longer, the environmental balance of the accumulator cells increases, since they can be used longer and / or more effectively.
- - Long-term stability of the amount of energy available is achieved. For example, this ensures a constant range of an e-vehicle even after several kilometers.
- - The performance of the battery system is maintained. For example, this ensures a constant acceleration capacity of electric vehicles due to the constant internal resistance of the accumulator.
- - An increase in efficiency is achieved through possible active balancing. This is a further property of the battery system according to the invention due to the balancing of the cell voltages.
- - User satisfaction is increased through improved battery system properties.
- - An increase in the acceptance of electric vehicles is achieved by eliminating the range-dependent service life risk.
Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung mit verschiedenen Weiterbildungen und Ausgestaltungen sind in den Zeichnungen dargestellt und werden im folgenden näher beschrieben. Es zeigen
-
1 ein Batteriesystem in schematischer Ansicht, -
2 eine elektrische Schaltung zum Betrieb des Batteriesystems aus1 gemäß einer ersten Ausführung, -
3 eine elektrische Schaltung zum Betrieb des Batteriesystems aus1 gemäß einer zweiten Ausführung, -
4 eine elektrische Schaltung zum Betrieb des Batteriesystems aus1 gemäß einer dritten Ausführung, -
5 eine elektrische Schaltung zum Betrieb des Batteriesystems aus1 gemäß einer vierten Ausführung, -
6 eine elektrische Schaltung zum Betrieb des Batteriesystems aus1 gemäß einer fünften Ausführung und -
7 eine elektrische Schaltung zum Betrieb des Batteriesystems aus1 gemäß einer sechsten Ausführung.
-
1 a battery system in a schematic view, -
2 an electrical circuit for operating the battery system1 according to a first embodiment, -
3 an electrical circuit for operating the battery system1 according to a second embodiment, -
4th an electrical circuit for operating the battery system1 according to a third embodiment, -
5 an electrical circuit for operating the battery system1 according to a fourth embodiment, -
6th an electrical circuit for operating the battery system1 according to a fifth embodiment and -
7th an electrical circuit for operating the battery system1 according to a sixth embodiment.
In
Insbesondere betreibt die Steuervorrichtung
Nachfolgend sollen noch mehrere Schaltungsanordnungen zur Realisierung des beschriebenen Verfahrens zum Betrieb des Batteriesystems
In
In
In
In
In
In
Die Erfindung ist nicht auf das beschriebene und dargestellte Ausführungsbeispiel beschränkt. Sie umfasst vielmehr auch alle fachmännischen Weiterbildungen im Rahmen der durch die Patentansprüche definierten Erfindung. So kann das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Batteriesystems nicht nur für Elektrofahrzeuge sondern in vorteilhafter Weise bei Batterien für Elektrowerkzeuge, Computern, Laptops, Hausgeräten, sonstigen Elektrogeräten o. dgl. Verwendung finden.The invention is not restricted to the exemplary embodiment described and illustrated. Rather, it also includes all technical developments within the scope of the invention defined by the patent claims. Thus, the method according to the invention for operating a battery system can be used not only for electric vehicles but also advantageously for batteries for power tools, computers, laptops, household appliances, other electrical appliances or the like.
BezugszeichenlisteList of reference symbols
- 11
- BatteriesystemBattery system
- 22
- Gehäusecasing
- 33
- AkkumulatorzelleAccumulator cell
- 3'3 '
- Akkumulatorzelle (mit höherer Zellspannung)Accumulator cell (with higher cell voltage)
- 3"3 "
- Akkumulatorzelle (mit niedrigerer Zellspannung)Accumulator cell (with lower cell voltage)
- 3"'3 "'
- Akkumulatorzelle / Zusatzzelle / PufferzelleAccumulator cell / additional cell / buffer cell
- 44th
- MessvorrichtungMeasuring device
- 55
- SteuervorrichtungControl device
- 66th
- (entnommener) Strom(withdrawn) electricity
- 77th
- (eingebrachter) Strom(brought in) electricity
- 88th
- Zusatzzelle / PufferzelleAdditional cell / buffer cell
- 99
- Strom (von Zusatzzelle entnommen)Electricity (taken from additional cell)
- 1010
- Multiwinding-TransformatorMultiwinding transformer
- 1111
- SchaltelementSwitching element
- 1212th
- DC-DC-WandlerDC-DC converter
- 1313th
- Schaltercounter
- 1414th
- Transformatortransformer
- 1515th
- MasseabgriffGround tap
Claims (3)
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102020003062.9A DE102020003062A1 (en) | 2020-05-23 | 2020-05-23 | Method for operating a battery system |
| PCT/EP2021/061291 WO2021239383A1 (en) | 2020-05-23 | 2021-04-29 | Method for operating a battery system |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102020003062.9A DE102020003062A1 (en) | 2020-05-23 | 2020-05-23 | Method for operating a battery system |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DE102020003062A1 true DE102020003062A1 (en) | 2021-11-25 |
Family
ID=75787076
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102020003062.9A Withdrawn DE102020003062A1 (en) | 2020-05-23 | 2020-05-23 | Method for operating a battery system |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| DE (1) | DE102020003062A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2021239383A1 (en) |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2012139604A1 (en) | 2011-04-12 | 2012-10-18 | E-Moove Gmbh | Method for operating an energy storage assembly |
| US20130271068A1 (en) | 2010-12-16 | 2013-10-17 | Honda Motor Co., Ltd. | Battery control apparatus and battery control method |
| DE102017009850A1 (en) | 2017-10-23 | 2019-04-25 | Sybac Systems Gmbh | Method for charging and discharging an energy storage device |
| DE102019129415B3 (en) | 2019-10-31 | 2021-01-14 | Benning CMS Technology GmbH | Method for charging and / or discharging a rechargeable energy store |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CA2782351A1 (en) * | 2009-12-09 | 2011-06-16 | Panacis Inc. | System and method of integrated battery charging and balancing |
| JP5821619B2 (en) * | 2011-12-26 | 2015-11-24 | ソニー株式会社 | Power storage device, power system, and electric vehicle |
| DE102017122061A1 (en) * | 2017-09-22 | 2019-03-28 | Borgward Trademark Holdings Gmbh | Method, Apparatus and Vehicle for Equalizing Power Battery |
-
2020
- 2020-05-23 DE DE102020003062.9A patent/DE102020003062A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2021
- 2021-04-29 WO PCT/EP2021/061291 patent/WO2021239383A1/en not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20130271068A1 (en) | 2010-12-16 | 2013-10-17 | Honda Motor Co., Ltd. | Battery control apparatus and battery control method |
| WO2012139604A1 (en) | 2011-04-12 | 2012-10-18 | E-Moove Gmbh | Method for operating an energy storage assembly |
| DE102017009850A1 (en) | 2017-10-23 | 2019-04-25 | Sybac Systems Gmbh | Method for charging and discharging an energy storage device |
| DE102019129415B3 (en) | 2019-10-31 | 2021-01-14 | Benning CMS Technology GmbH | Method for charging and / or discharging a rechargeable energy store |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2021239383A1 (en) | 2021-12-02 |
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| R120 | Application withdrawn or ip right abandoned |