DE102020006226A1 - Mobile device for cleaning and disinfecting indoor air, kits for assembling and using them - Google Patents

Abstract

Mobile device (1) for cleaning and decontaminating room air according to FIG. 1, comprising a suction area S delimited by vertically aligned outer walls (1.6s) with (i) an air inlet (1.3) arranged at the top for the contaminated room air (4) ,(ii) at least one container (2) for particulate activated carbon (2.1) which is flush with the inside of the outer walls (1.6s), is arranged horizontally and is air-permeable in the vertical direction and has at least one lower holder (2.2) and(iii) one arranged underneath Air intake side (9.1) of at least one fan (9) held by at least one holder (1.2.2) and - a pressure area D delimited by vertically aligned outer walls (1.6d) with (iv) an air discharge side (9.2) below the fan (9) for the pressure build-up, (v) at least one horizontally arranged container (3) for particulate Ak which is flush with the inside of the outer walls (1.6d) and is air-permeable in the vertical direction activated carbon (3.1) with at least one lower holder (3.2) and (vi) an air outlet (1.4) arranged below for the decontaminated room air (5);Method for cleaning and disinfecting room air, kit for assembling the device (1) and its use .

Description

field of invention

The present invention relates to a mobile device for cleaning and disinfecting indoor air.

Furthermore, the present invention relates to kits for assembling the mobile devices in different sizes.

In addition, the present invention relates to a method for cleaning and disinfecting room air using the mobile device.

Last but not least, the present invention relates to the use of the mobile device for killing microorganisms, specifically viruses and virions, which are collectively referred to below as viruses.

State of the art

Microorganisms are archaea, bacteria, eukaryotes, protists, fungi and green algae. It is still a matter of debate whether viruses or virions should be considered organisms at all. Microorganisms and viruses are the source of a number of serious diseases, epidemics and pandemics such as the current Covid-19 pandemic.

Numerous pesticides such as fungicides, herbicides, insecticides, algaecides, molluscicides, rodenticides, acaricides, and slimicides have been developed to combat the deleterious effects on multicellular humans and plants.

Likewise, numerous antimicrobial agents such as germicides, antibiotics, bactericides, virucides, antifungal agents, antiprotozoal agents and antiparasitic agents have been developed to cure the diseases caused by the microorganisms.

• Propioconazol
• (±)-1-{[2-(2,4-Dichlorphenyl)-4-propyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-yl]methyl}-H-1,2,4-triazol (IUPAC),
• Folpet
• N-(Trichlormethylthio)phthalimid,
• Chlorkresole,
• Fludioxonil
• 4-(2,2-Difluor-benzo[1,3]dioxol-4-yl)pyrrol-3-carbonitril (IUPAC), and
• Azoxystrobin
• Methyl-(E)-2-(2-[6-(2-cyanophenoxy)pyrimidin-4-yloxyl]phenyl}-3-methoxyacrylat (IUPAC)

werden als genehmigte Schutzmittel für Fasern, Leder, Gummi und polymerisierte Materialien in dem„Helpdesk - Genehmigte Wirkstoffe - Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz und Arbeitsmedizin‟:
https://www.reach-clp-biozid-helpdesk.de/DE/Biozide/Wirkstoffe/Genehmiqte-Wirkstoffe/Genehmiate-Wirkstoffe-0.htm)#PT9
aufgeführt.The constant threat of microorganisms, especially viruses and virions and especially the coronavirus SARS-Co-V2, has created a growing demand for efficient and effective methods for decontamination and disinfection. The "List N: Products with Emerging Viral Pathogens AND Human Coronavirus Claims for Use against SARS-CoV-2, Date Accessed: 05/31/2020 of the EPA lists, US Govt." lists numerous organic and inorganic active compounds such as HOCI, peroxoacetic acid, quaternary ammonium, potassium peroxomonosulphate, chlorine dioxide, hydrogen peroxide, citric acid, lactic acid, dichloroisocyanurate, sodium hypochlorite or ethanol. However, these disinfectants can only be used in cleaning solutions or wiping solutions and have no permanent disinfecting effect.

• Propioconazole
• (±)-1-{[2-(2,4-Dichlorophenyl)-4-propyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-yl]methyl}-H-1,2,4-triazole (IUPAC),
• Folpet
• N-(trichloromethylthio)phthalimide,
• chlorocresols,
• fludioxonil
• 4-(2,2-Difluoro-benzo[1,3]dioxol-4-yl)pyrrole-3-carbonitrile (IUPAC), and
• azoxystrobin
• Methyl (E)-2-(2-[6-(2-cyanophenoxy)pyrimidin-4-yloxyl]phenyl}-3-methoxyacrylate (IUPAC)

are listed as approved protective agents for fibers, leather, rubber and polymerized materials in the "Helpdesk - Approved Active Substances - Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health":
https://www.reach-clp-biozid-helpdesk.de/DE/Biozide/Wirkstoffe/Genehmiqte-Wirkstoffe/Genehmiate-Wir kstoffe-0.htm)#PT9
listed.

However, these active ingredients are low molecular weight compounds, so there is always a risk that they will leach out of the protected materials.

• - Hochleistungs-Partikelfilter (EPA = Efficient Particulate Airfilter), kleinste filtrierbare Teilchengröße: 100 nm,
• - Schwebstofffilter (HEPA = High Efficiency Particulate Airfilter), kleinste filtrierbare Teilchengröße: 100 nm,
• - Hochleistungs-Schwebstofffilter (ULPA = Ultra Low Penetration Airfilter), kleinste filtrierbare Teilchengröße: 50 nm,
• - Medium-Filter, kleinste filtrierbare Teilchengröße: 300 nm,
• - Vorfilter, kleinste filtrierbare Teilchengröße: 1000 nm, und
• - Automobilinnenraumfilter, kleinste filtrierbare Teilchengröße: 500 nm

unterteilt werden. Für den Bereich von 1 nm bis 50 nm stehen somit keine Filter zur Verfügung.Air purifiers are mobile devices for cleaning air using filters. According to their separation efficiency, the filters can be

• - High-performance particle filter (EPA = Efficient Particulate Airfilter), smallest filterable particle size: 100 nm,
• - Particle filter (HEPA = High Efficiency Particulate Airfilter), smallest filterable particle size: 100 nm,
• - High-performance particulate filter (ULPA = Ultra Low Penetration Airfilter), smallest filterable particle size: 50 nm,
• - Medium filter, smallest filterable particle size: 300 nm,
• - Pre-filter, smallest filterable particle size: 1000 nm, and
• - Automotive cabin filter, smallest filterable particle size: 500 nm

be subdivided. There are therefore no filters available for the range from 1 nm to 50 nm.

• - Diffusionseffekt:
  • Sehr kleine Partikel (Partikelgröße: 50 nm bis 100 nm) folgen nicht dem Gasstrom, sondern haben durch ihre Zusammenstöße mit den Gasmolekülen einer der Brownschen Bewegung ähnliche Flugbahn und stoßen dadurch mit den Filterfasern zusammen, woran sie haften bleiben. Dieser Effekt wird auch als Diffusionscharakteristik (diffusion regime) bezeichnet.
• - Sperreffekt:
  • Kleinere Partikel (Partikelgröße: 100 nm bis 500 nm), die dem Gasstrom um die Faser folgen, bleiben haften, wenn sie der Filterphase zu nahekommen. Dieser Effekt wird auch als Abfangcharakteristik (interception regime) bezeichnet.
• - Trägheitseffekt:
  • Größere Partikel (Partikelgröße: 500 nm bis >1 µm) folgen nicht dem Gasstrom um die Faser, sondern prallen aufgrund ihrer Trägheit dagegen und bleiben daran haften. Dieser Effekt wird auch als inerte Einschlags- und Abfangcharakteristik (inertial impaction regime) bezeichnet.

Depending on the particle size, their filter effect is based on the following effects:

• - Diffusion effect:
  • Very small particles (particle size: 50 nm to 100 nm) do not follow the gas flow, but have a trajectory similar to Brownian movement due to their collisions with the gas molecules and thus collide with the filter fibers, to which they adhere. This effect is also known as the diffusion regime.
• - Locking effect:
  • Smaller particles (particle size: 100 nm to 500 nm) that follow the gas flow around the fiber will stick if they get too close to the filter phase. This effect is also known as the interception regime.
• - Inertial Effect:
  • Larger particles (particle size: 500 nm to >1 µm) do not follow the gas flow around the fiber, but collide with it due to their inertia and stick to it. This effect is also referred to as the inertial impaction regime.

In the particle size range from 100 nm to 500 nm, the diffusion effect and the blocking effect occur together. In the particle size range from 500 nm to >1 µm, the inertia effect and the blocking effect also occur together.

According to the filter effects, particles with a particle size of 200 nm to 400 nm are the most difficult to separate. They are also referred to as MMPS = most penetrating particle size. The filter efficiency drops to 50% in this size range. Larger and smaller particles are better separated due to their physical properties.

EPA, HEPA and UPLA are classified according to their effectiveness for these grain sizes using a test aerosol of di-2-ethylhexyl sebacate (DEHS). K.W. Lee and B.Y.H. Liu give formulas in their article "On the Minimum Efficiency and the Most Penetrating Particle Size for Fibrous Filters" in Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association, Vol. 30, No. 4, April 1980, pages 377-381 which allow to calculate the minimum efficiency and MMPS for fiber filters due to the diffusion effect and the inertial effect. The results show that MMPS decreases with increasing filtration speed and fiber volume fraction and increases with increasing fiber size.

However, the fact that there are no filters for nanoparticles with an average particle size d ₅₀ of 1 nm to <50 nm is also particularly critical. Ironically, these particles are easily stored in the bronchi and alveoli and generally have the highest mortality and toxicity. They can therefore cause diseases such as asthma, bronchitis, arteriosclerosis, arrhythmia, dermatitis, autoimmune diseases, cancer, Crohn's disease or organ failure.

This is particularly critical since the depth filters or HEPA filters are used in medical areas such as operating rooms, intensive care units and laboratories, as well as in clean rooms, in nuclear technology and in air washers.

1. 1. Freisetzung von elektrischen Ladungen, meist Elektronen,
2. 2. Aufladung der Staubpartikel im elektrischen Feld oder Ionisator,
3. 3. Transport der geladenen Staubteilchen zu der Niederschlagselektrode
4. 4. Anhaftungen der Staubpartikel an der Niederschlagselektrode und
5. 5. Entfernung der Staubschicht von der Niederschlagselektrode.

Another technology that is problematic in this respect is electrostatic precipitators for electric gas cleaning, electric dust filters or electrostatic stats, which are based on the separation of particles from gases using the electrostatic principle. Separation in the electrostatic precipitator can take place in five separate phases:

1. 1. Release of electrical charges, mostly electrons,
2. 2. charging of the dust particles in the electric field or ionizer,
3. 3. Transport of the charged dust particles to the collecting electrode
4. 4. Adherence of the dust particles to the collecting electrode and
5. 5. Removal of the dust layer from the collecting electrode.

However, it is not possible to completely separate particles in the nanometer range, so that there is a risk of contamination with respirable particles in the vicinity of such systems.

These electric dust filters are often used in exhaust gas treatment. Amines, carbon dioxide, ammonia, hydrochloric acid, hydrogen sulfide and other toxic gases are removed from the exhaust gas flow using membranes. Since the electrostatic accumulation filters cannot completely remove the finest particles, they damage the membranes and reduce their separation efficiency.

For details regarding the toxicology, see the review articles by Günter Oberdörster, Eva Oberdörster and Jan Oberdörster, “Nanotoxicology. An Emerging Discipline Evolving from Studies of Ultrafine Particles”, in Environmental Health Perspectives Volume 113. (7), 2005, 823-839, and Günter Oberdörster, Vicki Stone and Ken Donaldson, “Toxicology of nanoparticles: A historical perspective”, Nanotoxicology, March 2007; 1(1): 2-25, referenced.

Viruses present outside of cells are scientifically called virions. They have a diameter of 15 nm to 440 nm and are significantly smaller than bacteria, most of which have a diameter of 1 µm to 5 µm. The viruses or virions thus have sizes that fall within the "filter gaps" of 1 nm to 50 nm and 200 nm to 400 nm.

Therefore, the air purifiers equipped with filters can at best reduce the concentration of viruses or virions in the indoor air, but they cannot completely remove or destroy them because of the lack of a disinfecting effect.

Non-sedimenting aerosols generated by humans and animals, particularly aerosols created by breathing, coughing or sneezing and which disperse very rapidly in large volumes in enclosed spaces, play a central role in the transmission of viruses from human to human, from animal to animal Human, animal to animal and human to animal. They contribute significantly to the spread of diseases. Since the non-sedimenting aerosols generally have a particle diameter of 0.1 nm to 100 nm, they can only be intercepted incompletely - if at all - by the air filters.

Filters based on membrane technology, in which foreign substances and pollutants are filtered out of the air by membranes and remain on the membranes, also have disadvantages, because the membranes have to be continuously cleaned with oxidizing agents if they are used for a long time. In addition, the used membranes are not reusable and must be disposed of, which is a problem.

If you want to keep the concentration of viruses and virions in the air in closed rooms below a threshold above which there is a high risk of infection, the air must be constantly circulated in large quantities. However, this currently only works with stationary air conditioning systems, which often cannot be retrofitted to buildings, means of transport, etc. Another disadvantage is that powerful air conditioners, blowers and mobile air purifiers often make a loud noise, which is perceived as annoying. Their particularly strong air currents often cause health problems such as colds and joint pain.

• „Luftreiniger gegen Viren & Bakterien - auch gegen den Coronavirus? Ein Luftreiniger gegen Bakterien und Viren ist besonders sinnvoll für Warteräume von Arztpraxen, für Büros oder Pakete, für andere öffentliche Räume wie Kantinen, Friseursalons oder Nagelstudios. Überall dort, wo Menschen zusammenkommen und die Luft mehr oder weniger steht, steigt nämlich die Ansteckungsgefahr, die durch den Einsatz von Luftreinigern gesenkt werden kann. Ob Luftreiniger auch konkret gegen den Covid 19 Coronavirus wirken, ist aufgrund dessen, dass es Ihn noch nicht lange gibt noch nicht getestet worden. Da es kein komplett neuer Virus ist, sondern eine mutierte Form bereits bekannter Viren, spricht jedoch sehr viel für eine Wirksamkeit.

In the company publication of "LUFTREINIGERDEPOT your specialist for healthy indoor air",
https://www.luftreinigungdepot.de/gegen/bakterien-und-viren?p=1&o=2&n=20&f=784
downloaded on August 25th, 2020, the problems are clarified again (original quote at the beginning):

• "Air purifier against viruses & bacteria - also against the corona virus? An air purifier against bacteria and viruses is particularly useful for waiting rooms in medical practices, for offices or parcels, for other public spaces such as canteens, hairdressing salons or nail salons. Wherever people come together and the air is more or less still, the risk of infection increases, which can be reduced by using air purifiers. Whether air purifiers also work specifically against the Covid 19 corona virus has not yet been tested due to the fact that it has not been around for long. Since it is not a completely new virus, but a mutated form of already known viruses, there is a lot to be said for its effectiveness.

You can find out below which air purifiers are particularly suitable against bacteria and viruses.

IMPORTANT NOTE:

Please note that while air purifiers significantly reduce the concentration of viruses and bacteria in the air, they cannot completely prevent them. The best protection against the corona virus is avoiding social contacts and washing your hands frequently and thoroughly. In any case, please follow the requirements of the federal and state governments.

“Due to the small size of bacteria and viruses, air purifiers must have the right filters to safely capture airborne hazards. Air purifiers with HEPA filters work very effectively against microscopic sources of infection and also reliably filter particularly tiny bacteria with a particle size of just 0.3 micrometers (µm) from the room air. Additional methods such as photocatalytic filters, nano-silver filters or switched-on ionizers can help to further improve the efficiency of air purifiers. In order to catch bacteria and viruses as quickly as possible in the available filters, a high air flow rate is also important for air purifiers. An air purifier should be able to clean the entire room air at least twice an hour. Manufacturers of premium devices are targeting a complete cleaning of the room air up to 5 times per hour.”

(End of original quote).

There are numerous air filters of this type on the market, which in particular combine HEPA filters with activated carbon filters. However, this does not completely eliminate the disadvantages described above. In addition, UV-C emitters are therefore often used. Since UV-C radiation is harmful to humans and can cause skin cancer, among other things, handling these devices requires special care and precautions to prevent radiation leaks.

Another way to reduce the concentration of viruses and aerosols in closed rooms is intensive forced ventilation with outside air. On the one hand, this presupposes that the rooms are on the outside of buildings so that such ventilation options are available at all and, if so, that the weather conditions permit ventilation. This is likely to be difficult at low outside temperatures, driving rain, thunderstorms, hail, snow, freezing rain, etc.

Object of the present invention

The present invention was based on the object of proposing a mobile device for cleaning and disinfecting room air, which no longer has the disadvantages of the prior art, but allows contaminated room air to be permanently freed from a wide variety of noxae and microorganisms. In particular, the mobile device should eliminate bacteria and/or viruses and aerosols contaminated by bacteria and/or viruses, specifically SARS-Co-V2 viruses and aerosols contaminated by SARS-Co-V2 viruses, and absorb and/or the resulting decomposition products adsorb.

This is also intended to ensure that the volume of air that has to be circulated in order to achieve a lasting effect can be significantly reduced. This should also reduce energy consumption in the long term. Overall, an optimal balance should be achieved between the air volume to be circulated, the contact time of the viruses and bacteria with biocides and the size of the devices.

Furthermore, the devices should be able to be produced in a simple manner with the aid of standardized kits and should mainly contain materials that are harmless to humans and animals.

In addition, the devices should not emit any dust, vapors or aerosols into the cleaned and disinfected room air.

Last but not least, the object of the present invention was to expand the application possibilities and the application-related potential of biochar beyond the previously known extent.

Solution according to the invention

Accordingly, the device for cleaning and disinfecting room air according to patent claim 1 was found, which is referred to below as "the device according to the invention". Advantageous embodiments of the device according to the invention are the subject matter of dependent claims 2 to 15.

In addition, the kit was found according to the independent patent claim 16, which is referred to as "kit according to the invention" in the following. An advantageous embodiment of the kit according to the invention is the subject of dependent claim 17.

Furthermore, the method for cleaning and disinfecting indoor air according to independent patent claim 18 was found, which is referred to below as the “method according to the invention”. An advantageous embodiment of the method according to the invention is the subject of dependent claim 19.

Last but not least, the use of the device according to the invention and the method according to the invention according to independent patent claim 20 was found, which is referred to below as “use according to the invention”.

Advantages of the Invention

In view of the prior art, it was surprising and unforeseeable for the person skilled in the art that the object of the present invention was the basis of being able to be achieved with the aid of the device according to the invention, the method according to the invention, the kit according to the invention and the use according to the invention.

In particular, it was surprising that the device according to the invention and the method according to the invention no longer had the disadvantages of the prior art, but instead made it possible to permanently remove a wide variety of noxae and microorganisms from contaminated room air. In particular, the device according to the invention was able to eliminate bacteria and/or viruses and aerosols contaminated by bacteria and/or viruses, specifically SARS-Co-V2 viruses and aerosols contaminated by SARS-Co-V2 viruses, and to absorb and/or absorb the resulting decomposition products adsorb.

This also meant that the volume of air that had to be circulated in order to achieve a lasting effect could be significantly reduced. This also resulted in a sustained reduction in energy consumption. Overall, an optimal balance was achieved between the volume of air to be circulated, the contact time of the viruses and bacteria with biocides, and the size of the devices.

Furthermore, the devices according to the invention could be manufactured in a simple manner using the kits according to the invention and contained only materials that were harmless to humans and animals.

In addition, the devices did not emit any dust, vapors or aerosols into the cleaned and disinfected room air.

In addition, the carbon footprint of the devices according to the invention was advantageously low and could be reduced to zero by using suitable materials such as wood, with longer operating times, by recycling and reusing used activated charcoal, in particular vegetable charcoal, and/or by producing terra preta.

Furthermore, the devices according to the invention could be part of furniture or used as lamps.

Last but not least, the possible applications and the technical potential of biochar have been expanded beyond what was previously known.

Detailed Description of the Invention

The device according to the invention is used to clean and disinfect the air in rooms of all kinds. In particular, it is used to eliminate free bacteria or bacteria, viruses and other noxae bound to aerosols in the air of living rooms, sick rooms, operating theaters, treatment rooms in doctor's offices and physiotherapy facilities, laboratories of all kinds, pubs, restaurants, bistros, hotel rooms, classrooms, classrooms, fitness centers, trains, cars, buses, taxis, caravans, mobile homes, camping tents, airplanes, ship cabins, offices, conference rooms, meeting rooms, theaters, cinemas, ship terminals, train stations, airport terminals , elevators, workshops, factory buildings, stairwells and shops of all kinds.

The device according to the invention comprises a suction area delimited by vertically aligned outer walls with at least one air inlet arranged at the top for the contaminated room air, at least one container for particulate activated carbon which is flush with the inside of the outer walls, is arranged horizontally and is air-permeable in the vertical direction, with at least one lower holder and one arranged underneath the air intake side of at least one fan held by at least one bracket.

Examples of suitable fans are axial fans such as the well-known Pope fans from ebm-papst Mulfingen GmbH & Co. KG. The axial fans can be arranged side by side and/or in a row one behind the other in order to increase the suction and pressure effect. The EC radial modules - RadiCal® from ebm-papst Mulfingen GmbH & Co. KG are preferably used.

The axial fans can be equipped with devices for volume flow measurement using differential pressure gauges or a U liquid column. These can control and visualize the current volume flow during operation in the corresponding suction or pressure area

The at least one fan is connected to electrical lines with a potentiometer, a device plug and a fuse drawer with a device fuse.

The device according to the invention also comprises a pressure area delimited by vertically aligned outer walls below the air outlet side of the at least one fan for the pressure build-up, at least one horizontally arranged container for particulate activated carbon which is flush with the inside of the outer walls and is air-permeable in the vertical direction and has at least one lower holder as well as an air outlet arranged underneath for the contaminated room air.

The essential component of the device according to the invention is activated charcoal, preferably vegetable charcoal, animal charcoal, animal waste charcoal, bone charcoal, and pyrogenic carbon of different degrees of pyrolysis, but especially vegetable charcoal.

In addition, the activated charcoal mass can be in the form of magnetisable, activated charcoal particles, such as those described in the German patent specification DE 10 2014 100 850 B4 , page 7, paragraph [0074] to page 8, paragraph [0084], and the German patent application DE 10 2014 100 849 A1 is described.

The biochar used with preference has an internal BET surface area of at least 300 m ² /g, particularly preferably at least 500 m ² /g and in particular at least 700 m ² /g. It has a high capillary density. Their pH is particularly preferably from 8 to 8.7. The H/C ratio is preferably <0.7, preferably <0.6 and in particular <0.5 according to the guideline of the European Biochar Certificate. An optimized biochar is described in the company publication of LUCRAT® GmbH, Energy-Dezentral 2018 / Eurotier.

The particulate activated carbons preferably have an average particle size determined by sieve analysis or a Sauter diameter of 3 mm to 16 mm, preferably 4 mm to 14 mm, particularly preferably 5 mm to 12 mm, particularly preferably 6 mm to 10 mm and in particular 6 mm to 8 mm . The activated carbon particles with such a Sauter diameter are optimally balanced in terms of effective surface area on the one hand and air resistance on the other.

In a preferred embodiment, at least one container that is only air-permeable in the vertical direction contains a particulate activated carbon that is homogeneously mixed with at least one particulate ferromagnetic material. Preferably, the at least one particulate ferromagnetic material is selected from the group consisting of iron, nickel, ruthenium in the metastable body-centered tetragonal phase, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, AlNiCo, SmCo, Nd ₂ Fe ₁₄ B, Ni ₈₀ Fe ₂₀ ("Permalloy"), NiFeCo alloys (Mumetal), chromium dioxide, manganese arsenide, europium (II) oxide and Heusler alloys. Permalloy is preferably used. With these ferromagnetic materials, the particulate activated carbons can be inductively heated for the purpose of removing residues after prolonged use.

Relatively, the used particulate activated carbon can be heated up by hot air blowers, infrared radiators or electric heating coils after a longer period of use.

In a further preferred embodiment, at least one biocide is added to the particulate activated charcoal in at least one container which is only air-permeable in the vertical direction in an amount which only slightly reduces the absorption and/or adsorption capacity of the particulate activated charcoal. In the context of the present invention, a slight reduction means a reduction of up to 25% of the original absorption and/or adsorption capacity.

The biocides enhance the already advantageously high effectiveness of the device according to the invention and the method according to the invention, as a result of which the air conversion and the energy to operate the device and the method according to the invention can be significantly further reduced.

• Biphenyl-2ol
• DCCP 1-(2,3-Dichlorphenyl)piperazin
• L(+)-Milchsäure
• Zitronensäure
• Ascorbinsäure
• MIT Methylisothiazolinon
• CMIT, CMI, MCI Chloromethylisothiazolinon
• BIT Benzisothiazolinon
• OIT, Ol Octylisothiazolinon
• DCOIT, DCOI Dichlorooctylisothiazolinon
• BBIT Butylbenzisothiazolinon
• PHMB polyhexanid Poly(iminocarbonylimidoyl-iminocarbonylimidoylimino-1,6-hexanediyl)-hydrochlorid
• Propioconazol (±)-1-{[2-(2,4-Dichlorphenyl)-4-propyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-yllmethyl}-H-1,2,4-triazol (IUPAC)
• Folpet N-(Trichlormethylthio)phthalimid
• Chlorkresole,
• Fludioxonil 4-(2,2-Difluor-benzo[1,3]dioxol-4-yl)pyrrol-3-carbonitril (IUPAC),
• Azoxystrobin Methyl-(E)-2-{2-[6-(2-cyanophenoxy)pyrimidin-4-yloxyl]phenyl}-3-methoxyacrylat (IUPAC)
• Quaternäres Ammonium Reaktionsprodukt von N-(C₁₀-C₁₆)-N- Trimethylamin mit Chloressigsäure
• Calcium/Magnesium-Oxid
• Calcium/Magnesium-Oxidtetrahydrate
• Kalkhydrat
• Kalk
• IPBC
• 3-lod-2-propinyl-butylcarbamat
• Bronopol 2-Brom-2-nitropropan-1,3-diol
• 1R-trans-Phenothrine 3-Phenoxybenzyl-(1R,3R)-2,2-dimethyl-3-(2-methylprop-1-enyl)cyclopropancarboxylat
• 2-Phenoxvethanol
• Diamin N-(3-Aminopropyl)-N-dodecylpropan-1,3-diamin
• DTBMA 2,2'-Dithiobis[N-methylbenzamid]
• DBDCB 2-Brom-2-(brommethyl)pentandinitril
• IPBC 3-lod-2-propynylbutylcarbamat
• DDAC (C8-10) Didecyldimethylammoniumchlorid
• BBIT 2-Butyl-benzo[d]isothiazol-3-on
• PHMB (1600:1.8) Polyhexamethylenebiguanidehydrochlorid mit einem zahlenmittlerem Molekulargewicht (Mn) von 1600 und einer mittleren Polydispersität (PDI) von 1.8
• MBIT Poly[iminocarbonimidoyliminocarbonimidoylimino-1, 6-hexandiyl]hydrochloride 49
• Mischung von CMIT/MIT
• Natriumpyrithion 2-Methyl-1,2-benzothiazol-3(2H)-on
• Pyridin-2-thio)-1-oxid- Natriumsalz
• Reaktionsmasse von Titandioxid und Silberchlorid
• DBNPA 2,2-Dibrom-2-cyanoacetamide
• Zinkpyrithion
• Dodecylquanidinmonohvdrochlorid
• p-Diiodmethyl)sulphonyl]toluol
• Dichlofluanid, Euparen N-(Dichlorfluormethylthio)-N',N'-dimethyl-N-phenylsulfamid (IUPAC)
• Thiachloprid. Calypso {(2Z)-3-[(6-Chlor-3-pyridinyl)methyl]-1,3-thiazolidin-2-yliden)cyanamid (IUPAC)
• Chlothianidin (E)-1-(2-chlor-1,3-thiazol-5-ylmethyl)-3-methyl-2-nitroguanidine
• Etofenprox, Trebon 2-(4-Ethoxyphenyl)-2-methylpropyl-3-phenoxybenzylether
• Tebuconazol (RS)-1-tert-Butyl-1-(4-chlorphenethyl)-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)ethanol
• K-HDO N-Cyclohexylhydroxydiazen-1-oxid-Natriumssalz
• Thiabendazol 2-(4-Thiazolyl)-1H-benzimidazol
• Thiamethoxam 3-(2-Chlor-thiazol-5-ylmethyl)-5-methyl(1,3,5)oxadiazinan-4-yliden-N-nitroamin (Zersetzung bei 147°C)
• Fenpropimorph (t)-cis-4-[3-(4-tert-Butylphenyl)-2-methylpropyl]-2,6-dimethylmorpholin (IUPAC; bp. 120°C)
• Borsäure
• Boroxid
• Dinatriumoctaborattetrahydrat
• Dinatriumoctaboratpentahydrat
• Dinatriumtetraboratdecahydrat
• Tolvlfluanid N-[Dichlor(fluor)methyl]sulfanyl-N-(dimethylsulfamoyl)-4-methylanilin (IUPAC; Zersetzung ab 150 °C)
• Dazomet 3,5-Dimethylperhydro-1,3,5-thiadiazin-2-thion (Schmelzpunkt 140°C unter Zersetzung)
• Fenoxycarb Ethyl-N-[2-(4-phenoxyphenoxy)ethyl]carbamat
• Bifentrin (1R*,3R*)-3-(2-Chlor-3,3,3-trifluor-1-propenyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropan-carbonsäure(2-methylbiphenyl-3-yl)methylester
• DCOIT 4,5-Dichlor-2-n-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-on
• Kupferhydroxid
• Basisches Kupfercarbonat
• Flufenoxuron N-[[4-[2-Chlor-4-(trifluormethyl)phenoxy]-2-fluorphenyl]carbamoyl]-2,6-difluorbenzamid
• DDA carbonate N,N-Didecyl-N, N-dimethylammoniumcarbonat
• ADBAC N-Alkyl-N-benzyl-N,N-dimethylammoniumchlorid
• Chlorfenpvr 4-Bromo-2-(4-chlorphenyl)-1-ethoxymethyl-5-trifluormethyl-pyrrol-3-carbonitril
• Cypermethrin (R,S)-a-Cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl-(1RS)-cis,trans-3-(2,2-dichlorvinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropan-carboxylat
• Cu-HDO Bis-(N-cyclohexyldiazeniumdioxy)-kupfer
• Cyproconazol 2-(4-Chlorphenyl)-3-cyclopropyl-1 -(1H-1 ,2,4-triazol-1-yl)butan-2-ol (IUPAC)
• Permethrin 3-(2,2-Dichloroethenyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropancarbonsäure-(3-phenoxyphenyl)methylester
• Natriumsorbat
• Granuliertes Kupfer
• Didecylmethylpoly(oxvethyl)ammoniumpropionat
• ATMAC/TMAC
• Cocoalkyltrimethylammoniumchlorid
• OIT 2-Octyl-2H-isothiazol-3-on (Siedepunkt 120°C)
• Penflufen 2'-[(RS)-1,3-Dimethylbutyl]-5-fluor-1,3-dimethylpyrazol-4-carboxanilid
• MBM Natriumdiethyldithiocarbamat
• Difethialon 3-[3-(4'-Brom[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphth-1-yl]-4-hydroxy-2H-1-benzothiopyran-2-on
• Difenacoum 3-(3-(1,1'-Biphenyl)-4-yl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-naphthalenyl)-4-hydroxy-2H-1-benzopyran-2-on
• Chloralose C1,2-O-(2,2,2-Trichlorethyliden)-a-D-glucofuranose
• Bromadiolon 3-(3-(4'-Brom(1,1'-biphenyt)-4-y))-3-hydroxy-1-pheny)-propy!)-4-hydroxy-2H-1-benzopyran-2on
• Chlorphacinon (RS)-2-(a-(4-Chlorphenyl)phenylacetyl)indan-1,3-dion
• Coumatetratyl 4-Hydroxy-3-(1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-naphthyl)cumarin
• Flocumafen 4-Hydroxy-3-(1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-3-(4-(4-trifluormethylbenzyloxy)phenyl)-1-naphthyl)-cumarin
• Warfarin (RS)-4-Hydroxy-3-(3-oxo-1 -phenyl-butyl)-cumarin (IUPAC)
• Warfarin Natrium
• Brodifacum 3-[3-(4'-Bromo-1,1'-biphenyl-4-yl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-naphthyl]-4-hydroxycumarin
• Cholecalciferol 3-[2-[7a-Methyl-1-(6-methylheptan-2-yl)- 2,3,3a,5,6,7-hexahydro-1 H-inden-4-yliden]ethyliden]-4-methyliden-cyclohexan-1-ol
• Indoxocarb (RS)-Methyl-7-chlor-2,3,4a,5-tetrahydro-2-[methoxycarbonyl-(4-trifluormethoxyphenyl)carbamoyl]indeno[1,2-e][1,3,4]oxadiazin-4a-carboxylat
• Methofluthrin (1RS,3RS;1SR,3SR)-2,2-Dimethy)-3-(EZ)-(prop-1-enyl)cyc)opropancarbonsäure-2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-4-(methoxymethyl)benzylester
• Spinosad
  
• Imidacloprid 1-(6-Chlor-3-pyridinylmethyl)-N-nitroimidazolidin-2-ylidenamin
• Abamectin
  
• Fipronil (RS)-5-Amino-1-(2,6-dichlor-α,α,α-trifluor-p-tolyl)-4-trifluormethylsulfinyl-1 H-pyrazol-3-carbonitril
• Lamba-Cvhalotrin 3-(2-Chlor-3,3,3-trifluor-1-propenyl)-2,2-dimethyl-cyclopropan-carbonsäure-cyano(3-phenoxy-phenyl)methylester
• Deltamethrin (1R,3R)-[(S)-α-Cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl-3-(2,2-dibromvinyl)]-2,2-dimethylcyclopropancarboxylat (IUPAC)
• Bendiocarb 2,2-Dimethyl-1,3-benzodioxol-4-yl-N-methylcarbamat
• Pyriproxyfen (RS)-4-Phenoxyphenyl2-(2-pyridyloxy)propylether
• Diflubenzuron N-{[(4-Chlorphenyl)amino]carbonyl}-2,6-difluorbenzamid
• 1R-trans-Phenothrin 2,2-Dimethyl-3-(2-methylpropenyl)cyclopropancarbonsäure-m-phenoxybenzylester
• S-Methopren 11-Methoxy-3, 7,11-trimethyl-2,4-dodecadiensäure-1-methylethylester
• Transfluthrin (1R)-trans-3-(2,2-Dichlorvinyl)-2-dimethylcyclopropancarbonsäure-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorbenzylester
• Synthetisches amorphes Siliziumdioxid
• Oberflächenmodifiziertes synthetisches amorphes Siliziumdioxid
• Dinotefuran (RS)-N-Methyl-N'-nitro-N''-[(tetrahydro-3-furanyl)methyl]guanidin
• Hexaflumuron 1-[3,5-Dichlor-4-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluorethoxy)phenyl]-3-(2,6-difluorbenzoyl)harnstoff (IUPAC)
• Cyromazin N-Cyclopropyl-1,3,5-triazin-2,4,6-triamin
• Cvfluthrin alpha-Cyano-4-fluor-3-phenoxybenzyl-3-(2,2-dichlorvinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropancarboxylat
• PBO 5-[2-(2-Butoxyethoxy)ethoxymethyl]-6-propyl-1,3-benzodioxol
• Epsilon-Momfluorothrin 2,3,5,6-Tetrafluor-4-(methoxymethyl)benzyl (1R,3R)-3-[(Z)-2-cyanoprop-1-enyl]-2,2-dimethylcyclopropancarboxylat
• Imiprothrin (2,5-Dioxo-3-prop-2-inylimidazolidin-1-yl)methyl-2,2-dimethyl-3-(2-methylprop-1-enyl)cyclopropan-1-carboxylat
• Acetamiprid (E)-N¹-[(6-Chlor-3-pyridyl)methyl]-N²-cyano-N1-methylacetamidin (IUPAC)
• Cyphenotrin
• [Cyano-(3-phenoxyphenyl)methyl]-2,2-dimethyl-3-(2-methylprop-1-enyl)cyclopropan-1-carboxylat
• DEET N, N-Diethyl-3-methylbenzamid
• Nonansäure
• Decansäure
• (Z.E)-TDA (Z, E)-Tetradeca-9,12-dienylacetat
• Methylnonylketon 2-Undecanon
• Zineb Zink-ethylen-1,2-bis-dithiocarbamat
• cis-9-Tricosen
• DCOIT Dichloroctyl-isothiazolinone
• OBPA 10,10'-Oxybisphenoxoarsin
• Kupfer-Pyrithion Pyridin-2-thiol-1-oxid-Kupfer
• Trichlosan Polychlorierte Phenoxyphenole
• Medetomidin (RS)-4-[1-(2,3-Dimethylphenyl)ethyl]-1H-imidazol
• Tralopyril 4-Brom-2-(4-chlorphenyl)-5-(trifluormethyl)-1H-pyrrol-3-carbonitril (IUPAC)
• Kupferflocken beschichtet mit einem Film aus einer aliphatischen Carbonsäuren
• Dikupferoxid-Mikropartikel
• Kupferoxid-Mikropartikel
• Kupferthiocvanat-Mikropartikel.
• Silbermikropartikel
• Siberchloridmikropartikel
• Chlorhexidin (RS)-4-[1-(2,3-Dimethylphenyl)ethyl]-1H-imidazolchlorid und -gluconat
• Octenidin N,N'-(Decan-1,10-diyldi-1(4H)-pyridyl-4-yliden)bis(octylammonium)dichlorid
• Taurolidin 4-[(1,1-Dioxo-1,2,4-thiadiazinan-4-yl)methyl]-1,2,4-thiadiazinan-1,1-dioxide
• 2-Oxido-4-[(2-oxido-1-oxo-1,2,4-thiadiazinan-2-ium-4-yl)methyll-1,2,4-thiadiazinan-2-ium-1-oxide
• 4-[(1,1-Dioxothiadiazinan-4-yl)methyllthiadiazinan-1,1-dioxid
• 2-[(1,1-Dioxo-1,2,4-thiadiazinan-2-vl)methyll-1,2,4-thiadiazinan-1,1-dioxid
• 3-[(1,1-Dioxo-1,2,4-thiadiazinan-3-yl)methyll-1,2,4-thiadiazinan-1,1-dioxid
• 2-Hydroxy-4-[(2-hydroxy-1-oxo-1,2,4-thiadiazinan-4-yl)methyll-1,2,4-thiadiazinan-1-oxid
• N-(4-Azidobutyl)-2-methvlsulfonvlethansulfonamid
• 4-N-Cyclopropylpiperazin-1,4-disulfanamid
• (2,2-Dimethyl-1 -methvlsulfonylpropyl)-(methyldiazenyl)sulfonyldiazen
• 6-Methyl-N-f1-(methylamino)ethenyll-1,1-dioxo-1,2.6-thiadiazinan-2-sulfonamid
• Azodicarbonamid
• Cicloxolone Natrium 18beta-glycyrrhetinsäure-(H)-(1R)-cis-cyclohexan-1 ,2-dicarboxylat
• Dichlorisocvanursäure-Natriumsalz
• Kongorot Dinatrium-3,3'-[4,4'-biphenyldiyldi(E)-2,1-diazenediyl]bis(4-amino-1 -naphthalinsulfonat) (IUPAC)
• Para-aminobenzoesäure
• Bis(monosuccinamid)-Derivat von p,p'-Bis(2-aminoethvl)diphenyl-C60(Fulleren)
• Merocvanin 1-Methyl-4-[(oxocyclohexadienyliden)ethyliden]-1,4-dihydropyridin
• Bengal Rosa, Acid Red 94 4,5,6,7-Tetrachloro-3',6'-dihydroxy-2',4',5',7'-tetraiodspiro[isobenzofuran-1(3H),9'-[9H]xanthen]-3-on
• Hypericin 1,3,4,6,8,13-Hexahydroxy-10,11-dimethylphenanthro[1,1 0,9, 8-opqra]perylen-7,14-dion (IUPAC)
• Hypocrellin
• (12R,13S)-12-Acetyl-9,13,17-trihydroxy-5,10,16,21-tetramethoxy-13-methylhexacyclo[13.8.0.0^2,11,0^3,8.0^4,22.0^18,23]tricosa-1 (15),2(11),3(8),4(22),5,9,16,18(23),20-nonaen-7,19-dion
• Von Pflanzen extrahierte Anthrachinone
• Sulfonierte Anthrachinone
• Anthrachinonderivative Acid blue 40 und 129, Acid black 48, Alizarin violet R, Reactive blue 2
• Gramicidin Lineares Pentadecapeptid
• Gossypol 2,2'-Bis(formyl-1,6,7-trihydroxy-5-isopropyl-3-methylnaphthalin)
• Extrakte von ledum palustre, leonurus cardiaca, Celandine, Schwarzer Johannisbeere, Preiselbeere und Blaubeere
• Alkaloide und Phytosterytester Marigenolkonzentrate, enthaltend Taxol und/oder Taxanester als Wirkstoffe
• Extrakte von Cordia salicifolia
• Dampfdestillat von Houttuvnia cordata (Saururaceae) und seinen Bestandteilen
• 5,6,7-Trimethoxvflavon von Calicarpa japonica
• Isocullarein 5,7,8,4'-Tetrahydroxyflavon von Scutellaria baikalensis undnd Isocutellarein-8-methylether
• Amantadin 1-Tricyclo[3.3.1.1^3.7]decylamin (IUPAC)
• Sialinsäure Neuraminsäure
• Zanamivir (4S,5R,6R)-5-Acetylamino-4-guanidino-6-[(1R,2R)-1,2,3-trihydroxypropyl]-5,6-dihydro-4H-pyran-2-carbonsäure
• Oseltamivir (3R,4R,5S)-4-Acetamido-5-amino-3-(1-ethylpropoxy)cyclohex-1-en-1 -carbonsäureethylester
• Rimantadin (RS)-Adamantan-1-yl-ethylamin (IUPAC)
• Diuron 3-(3,4-Dichlorphenyl)-1,1-dimethylharnstoff

Biocides, in particular bactericides and/or virucides, which are approved by state or interstate authorities are preferably used. In particular, the biocides are selected from the following group:

• biphenyl-2ol
• DCCP 1-(2,3-Dichlorophenyl)piperazine
• L(+)-lactic acid
• citric acid
• ascorbic acid
• WITH methylisothiazolinone
• CMIT, CMI, MCI Chloromethylisothiazolinone
• BIT Benzisothiazolinone
• OIT, Ol Octylisothiazolinone
• DCOIT, DCOI Dichlorooctylisothiazolinone
• BBIT butylbenzisothiazolinone
• PHMB polyhexanide Poly(iminocarbonylimidoyl-iminocarbonylimidoylimino-1,6-hexanediyl) hydrochloride
• Propioconazole (±)-1-{[2-(2,4-Dichlorophenyl)-4-propyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-ylmethyl}-H-1,2,4-triazole (IUPAC)
• Folpet N-(trichloromethylthio)phthalimide
• chlorocresols,
• fludioxonil 4-(2,2-difluoro-benzo[1,3]dioxol-4-yl)pyrrole-3-carbonitrile (IUPAC),
• Azoxystrobin methyl (E)-2-{2-[6-(2-cyanophenoxy)pyrimidin-4-yloxyl]phenyl}-3-methoxyacrylate (IUPAC)
• Quaternary ammonium Reaction product of N-(C ₁₀ -C ₁₆ )-N-trimethylamine with chloroacetic acid
• Calcium/Magnesium Oxide
• Calcium/Magnesium Oxide Tetrahydrate
• hydrated lime
• lime
• IPBC
• 3-iodo-2-propynyl butyl carbamate
• Bronopol 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol
• 1R-trans-Phenothrine 3-Phenoxybenzyl-(1R,3R)-2,2-dimethyl-3-(2-methylprop-1-enyl)cyclopropanecarboxylate
• 2-Phenoxvethanol
• Diamine N-(3-aminopropyl)-N-dodecylpropane-1,3-diamine
• DTBMA 2,2'-dithiobis[N-methylbenzamide]
• DBDCB 2-bromo-2-(bromomethyl)pentanedinitrile
• IPBC 3-iodo-2-propynylbutyl carbamate
• DDAC (C8-10) didecyldimethylammonium chloride
• BBIT 2-butyl-benzo[d]isothiazol-3-one
• PHMB (1600:1.8) Polyhexamethylenebiguanide hydrochloride having a number average molecular weight (Mn) of 1600 and an average polydispersity (PDI) of 1.8
• MBIT Poly[iminocarbonimidoyliminocarbonimidoylimino-1,6-hexanediyl]hydrochloride 49
• Mixture of CMIT/MIT
• Sodium pyrithione 2-methyl-1,2-benzothiazol-3(2H)-one
• Pyridine-2-thio)-1-oxide sodium salt
• Reaction mass of titanium dioxide and silver chloride
• DBNPA 2,2-dibromo-2-cyanoacetamide
• zinc pyrithione
• dodecylquanidine monohydrochloride
• p-diiodomethyl)sulphonyl]toluene
• Dichlofluanide, Euparen N-(Dichlorofluoromethylthio)-N',N'-dimethyl-N-phenylsulfamide (IUPAC)
• thiachlopride. Calypso {(2Z)-3-[(6-Chloro-3-pyridinyl)methyl]-1,3-thiazolidin-2-ylidene)cyanamide (IUPAC)
• Clothianidin (E)-1-(2-chloro-1,3-thiazol-5-ylmethyl)-3-methyl-2-nitroguanidine
• Etofenprox, Trebon 2-(4-Ethoxyphenyl)-2-methylpropyl-3-phenoxybenzyl ether
• Tebuconazole (RS)-1-tert-butyl-1-(4-chlorophenethyl)-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)ethanol
• K-HDO N-cyclohexylhydroxydiazene-1-oxide sodium salt
• Thiabendazole 2-(4-thiazolyl)-1H-benzimidazole
• Thiamethoxam 3-(2-Chloro-thiazol-5-ylmethyl)-5-methyl(1,3,5)oxadiazinan-4-ylidene-N-nitroamine (decomp. at 147°C)
• Fenpropimorph (t)-cis-4-[3-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-2-methylpropyl]-2,6-dimethylmorpholine (IUPAC; bp. 120°C)
• boric acid
• boron oxide
• disodium octaborate tetrahydrate
• disodium octaborate pentahydrate
• disodium tetraborate decahydrate
• Tolvlfluanide N-[Dichloro(fluoro)methyl]sulfanyl-N-(dimethylsulfamoyl)-4-methylaniline (IUPAC; decomposition above 150 °C)
• Dazomet 3,5-dimethylperhydro-1,3,5-thiadiazine-2-thione (mp 140°C with decomposition)
• Fenoxycarb Ethyl N-[2-(4-phenoxyphenoxy)ethyl]carbamate
• Bifentrin (1R*,3R*)-3-(2-Chloro-3,3,3-trifluoro-1-propenyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid (2-methylbiphenyl-3-yl)methyl ester
• DCOIT 4,5-dichloro-2-n-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one
• copper hydroxide
• Basic copper carbonate
• Flufenoxuron N -[[4-[2-Chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]-2-fluorophenyl]carbamoyl]-2,6-difluorobenzamide
• DDA carbonate N,N-didecyl-N,N-dimethylammonium carbonate
• ADBAC N-alkyl-N-benzyl-N,N-dimethylammonium chloride
• Chlorfenpvr 4-Bromo-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-ethoxymethyl-5-trifluoromethyl-pyrrole-3-carbonitrile
• Cypermethrin (R,S)-a-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl-(1RS)-cis,trans-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane-carboxylate
• Cu-HDO bis(N-cyclohexyldiazeniumdioxy) copper
• Cyproconazole 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-cyclopropyl-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)butan-2-ol (IUPAC)
• Permethrin 3-(2,2-Dichloroethenyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid (3-phenoxyphenyl)methyl ester
• sodium sorbate
• Granulated Copper
• Didecylmethylpoly(oxethyl)ammonium propionate
• ATMAC/TMAC
• Cocoalkyltrimethylammonium chloride
• OIT 2-Octyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (bp 120°C)
• Penflufen 2'-[(RS)-1,3-dimethylbutyl]-5-fluoro-1,3-dimethylpyrazole-4-carboxanilide
• MBM sodium diethyldithiocarbamate
• Difethialone 3-[3-(4'-Bromo[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphth-1-yl]-4-hydroxy-2H-1-benzothiopyran- 2-on
• Difenacoum 3-(3-(1,1'-Biphenyl)-4-yl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-naphthalenyl)-4-hydroxy-2H-1-benzopyran-2-one
• Chloralose C1,2-O-(2,2,2-Trichloroethylidene)-aD-glucofuranose
• Bromadiolone 3-(3-(4'-Bromo(1,1'-biphenyl)-4-γ))-3-hydroxy-1-phenyl)-propyl)-4-hydroxy-2H-1-benzopyran-2one
• Chlorphacinone (RS)-2-(a-(4-Chlorophenyl)phenylacetyl)indan-1,3-dione
• Coumatetratyl 4-Hydroxy-3-(1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-naphthyl)coumarin
• Flocumafen 4-Hydroxy-3-(1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-3-(4-(4-trifluoromethylbenzyloxy)phenyl)-1-naphthyl)coumarin
• Warfarin (RS)-4-Hydroxy-3-(3-oxo-1-phenylbutyl)coumarin (IUPAC)
• warfarin sodium
• Brodifacum 3-[3-(4'-Bromo-1,1'-biphenyl-4-yl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-naphthyl]-4-hydroxycoumarin
• Cholecalciferol 3-[2-[7a-Methyl-1-(6-methylheptan-2-yl)-2,3,3a,5,6,7-hexahydro-1 H -inden-4-ylidene]ethylidene]-4 -methylidene-cyclohexan-1-ol
• Indoxocarb (RS)-methyl-7-chloro-2,3,4a,5-tetrahydro-2-[methoxycarbonyl-(4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl)carbamoyl]indeno[1,2-e][1,3,4]oxadiazine- 4a-carboxylate
• Methofluthrin (1RS,3RS;1SR,3SR)-2,2-dimethyl)-3-(EZ)-(prop-1-enyl)cyclopropanecarboxylic acid-2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-4-(methoxymethyl) benzyl ester
• spinosad
  
• Imidacloprid 1-(6-Chloro-3-pyridinylmethyl)-N-nitroimidazolidin-2-ylideneamine
• abamectin
  
• Fipronil (RS)-5-amino-1-(2,6-dichloro-α,α,α-trifluoro-p-tolyl)-4-trifluoromethylsulphinyl-1 H -pyrazole-3-carbonitrile
• Lamba-Cvhalotrin 3-(2-Chloro-3,3,3-trifluoro-1-propenyl)-2,2-dimethyl-cyclopropane-carboxylic acid cyano(3-phenoxy-phenyl)methyl ester
• Deltamethrin (1R,3R)-[(S)-α-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl-3-(2,2-dibromovinyl)]-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate (IUPAC)
• Bendiocarb 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-benzodioxol-4-yl N-methylcarbamate
• Pyriproxyfen (RS)-4-phenoxyphenyl 2-(2-pyridyloxy)propyl ether
• Diflubenzuron N -{[(4-Chlorophenyl)amino]carbonyl}-2,6-difluorobenzamide
• 1R-trans-Phenothrin 2,2-dimethyl-3-(2-methylpropenyl)cyclopropanecarboxylic acid m-phenoxybenzyl ester
• S-Methoprene 1-Methoxy-3,7,11-trimethyl-2,4-dodecadienoic acid 1-methylethyl ester
• Transfluthrin (1R)-trans-3-(2,2-Dichlorovinyl)-2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid 2,3,5,6-tetrafluorobenzyl ester
• Synthetic amorphous silica
• Surface modified synthetic amorphous silica
• Dinotefuran (RS)-N-methyl-N'-nitro-N''-[(tetrahydro-3-furanyl)methyl]guanidine
• Hexaflumuron 1-[3,5-dichloro-4-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)phenyl]-3-(2,6-difluorobenzoyl)urea (IUPAC)
• Cyromazine N-cyclopropyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine
• Cvfluthrin alpha-cyano-4-fluoro-3-phenoxybenzyl-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate
• PBO 5-[2-(2-Butoxyethoxy)ethoxymethyl]-6-propyl-1,3-benzodioxole
• Epsilon momfluorothrin 2,3,5,6-Tetrafluoro-4-(methoxymethyl)benzyl (1R,3R)-3-[(Z)-2-cyanoprop-1-enyl]-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate
• Imiprothrin (2,5-dioxo-3-prop-2-inylimidazolidin-1-yl)methyl 2,2-dimethyl-3-(2-methylprop-1-enyl)cyclopropane-1-carboxylate
• Acetamiprid (E)-N ¹ -[(6-Chloro-3-pyridyl)methyl]-N ² -cyano-N1-methylacetamidine (IUPAC)
• cyphenotrin
• [Cyano-(3-phenoxyphenyl)methyl]-2,2-dimethyl-3-(2-methylprop-1-enyl)cyclopropane-1-carboxylate
• DEET N, N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide
• nonanoic acid
• decanoic acid
• (ZE)-TDA (Z,E)-Tetradeca-9,12-dienyl acetate
• methyl nonyl ketone 2-undecanone
• Zineb zinc ethylene 1,2-bis-dithiocarbamate
• cis-9-tricoses
• DCOIT Dichloroctyl-isothiazolinone
• OBPA 10,10'-oxybisphenoxoarsine
• Copper pyrithione pyridine-2-thiol-1-oxide copper
• Trichlosan Polychlorinated Phenoxyphenols
• Medetomidine (RS)-4-[1-(2,3-dimethylphenyl)ethyl]-1H-imidazole
• Tralopyril 4-Bromo-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrrole-3-carbonitrile (IUPAC)
• Copper flakes coated with a film of an aliphatic carboxylic acid
• Dicopper Oxide microparticles
• copper oxide microparticles
• Copper thiocyanate microparticles.
• silver microparticles
• silver chloride microparticles
• Chlorhexidine (RS)-4-[1-(2,3-dimethylphenyl)ethyl]-1H-imidazole chloride and gluconate
• Octenidine N,N'-(decane-1,10-diyldi-1(4H)-pyridyl-4-ylidene)bis(octylammonium) dichloride
• Taurolidine 4-[(1,1-dioxo-1,2,4-thiadiazinan-4-yl)methyl]-1,2,4-thiadiazinan-1,1-dioxides
• 2-Oxido-4-[(2-oxido-1-oxo-1,2,4-thiadiazinan-2-ium-4-yl)methyl-1,2,4-thiadiazinan-2-ium-1-oxide
• 4-[(1,1-Dioxothiadiazinan-4-yl)methylthiadiazine 1,1-dioxide
• 2-[(1,1-dioxo-1,2,4-thiadiazine-2-vl)methyl-1,2,4-thiadiazine-1,1-dioxide
• 3-[(1,1-dioxo-1,2,4-thiadiazinan-3-yl)methyl-1,2,4-thiadiazinan-1,1-dioxide
• 2-Hydroxy-4-[(2-hydroxy-1-oxo-1,2,4-thiadiazinan-4-yl)methyl-1,2,4-thiadiazinan-1-oxide
• N-(4-Azidobutyl)-2-methylsulfonylethanesulfonamide
• 4-N-Cyclopropylpiperazine-1,4-disulfanamide
• (2,2-dimethyl-1-methylsulfonylpropyl)-(methyldiazenyl)sulfonyldiazene
• 6-Methyl-N-f1-(methylamino)ethenyl-1,1-dioxo-1,2,6-thiadiazine-2-sulfonamide
• azodicarbonamide
• Cicloxolone sodium 18beta-glycyrrhetinic acid (H)-(1R)-cis-cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylate
• Dichloroisovanuric acid sodium salt
• Congo red disodium 3,3'-[4,4'-biphenyldiyldi(E)-2,1-diazenediyl]bis(4-amino-1 -naphthalenesulfonate) (IUPAC)
• para-aminobenzoic acid
• Bis(monosuccinamide) derivative of p,p'-bis(2-aminoethyl)diphenyl-C60(fullerene)
• Merocvanine 1-Methyl-4-[(oxocyclohexadienylidene)ethylidene]-1,4-dihydropyridine
• Bengal Rosa, Acid Red 94 4,5,6,7-Tetrachloro-3',6'-dihydroxy-2',4',5',7'-tetraiodospiro[isobenzofuran-1(3H),9'-[9H ]xanthene]-3-one
• Hypericin 1,3,4,6,8,13-hexahydroxy-10,11-dimethylphenanthro[1,1 0,9,8-opqra]perylene-7,14-dione (IUPAC)
• hypocrelline
• (12R,13S)-12-Acetyl-9,13,17-trihydroxy-5,10,16,21-tetramethoxy-13-methylhexacyclo[13.8.0.0 ^2.11 .0 ^3.8 .0 ^4.22. 0 ^18.23 ]tricosa-1(15),2(11),3(8),4(22),5,9,16,18(23),20-nonaen-7,19-dione
• Anthraquinones extracted from plants
• Sulfonated Anthraquinones
• Anthraquinone derivatives Acid blue 40 and 129, Acid black 48, Alizarin violet R, Reactive blue 2
• Gramicidin Linear Pentadecapeptide
• Gossypol 2,2'-bis(formyl-1,6,7-trihydroxy-5-isopropyl-3-methylnaphthalene)
• Extracts of ledum palustre, leonurus cardiaca, celandine, black currant, lingonberry and blueberry
• Alkaloids and phytostery esters Marigenol concentrates containing taxol and/or taxane esters as active ingredients
• Cordia salicifolia extracts
• Steam distillate of Houttuvnia cordata (Saururaceae) and its components
• 5,6,7-trimethoxyflavone from Calicarpa japonica
• Isocullarein 5,7,8,4'-tetrahydroxyflavone from Scutellaria baikalensis and isocutellarein 8-methyl ether
• Amantadine 1-Tricyclo[3.3.1.1 ^3.7 ]decylamine (IUPAC)
• sialic acid neuraminic acid
• Zanamivir (4S,5R,6R)-5-acetylamino-4-guanidino-6-[(1R,2R)-1,2,3-trihydroxypropyl]-5,6-dihydro-4H-pyran-2-carboxylic acid
• Oseltamivir (3R,4R,5S)-4-acetamido-5-amino-3-(1-ethylpropoxy)cyclohex-1-en-1-carboxylic acid ethyl ester
• Rimantadine (RS)-adamantan-1-yl-ethylamine (IUPAC)
• Diuron 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea

Quaternized chitosan (cf., A. Domard et al., "New method for the quaternization of chitosan", International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, Volume 8, Issue 2, April, 1986, pages 105-107).

(A detailed description of some of these virucides can be found in A.S. Galabov, "Virucidal agents in the of manorapid synergy™", in GMS Hospital Hygiene Interdisciplinary, 2007 2(1): Doc 18).

Other suitable bactericides and/or virucides are polyoxometalates, which are referred to below with the abbreviation “POM”.

The elemental composition and the structure of the POM can vary widely.

• - das Lindquist-Hexamolybdatanion, Mo₆O₁₉ ^2-,
• - das Decavanadatanion, V₁₀O₂₈ ⁶",
• - das Paratungstatanion, H₂W₁₂O₄₂ ^10-,
• - Mo₃₆-Polymolybdate, Mo₃₆O₁₁₂(H₂O)^8-,
• - die Strandberg-Struktur, HP₂Mo₅O₂₃ ^4-,
• - die Keggin-Struktur, XMi₂O₄₀ ⁿ'',
• - die Doppel-Keggin-Struktur,
• - die Keggin-Sandwichstruktur,
• - die monolacunare Keggin-Struktur,
• - die dilacunare Keggin-Struktur,
• - die Wells-Dawson-Struktur, X₂M₁₈O₆₂ ^n-,
• - die Anderson-Struktur, XM₆O₂₄ ^n-,
• - die Allman-Waugh-Struktur, X₁₂M₁₈O₃₂ ^n-,
• - die Weakley-Yamase- Struktur, XM₁₀O₃₆ ^n-, und
• - die Dexter-Silverton-Struktur, XM₁₂O₄₂ ^n-.

For example, the classification of the POM into the following structures is known:

• - the Lindquist hexamolybdate anion, Mo ₆ O ₁₉ ^2- ,
• - the decavanadate anion, V ₁₀ O ₂₈ ⁶ ",
• - the paratungstate anion, H ₂ W ₁₂ O ₄₂ ^10- ,
• - Mo ₃₆ -polymolybdates, Mo ₃₆ O ₁₁₂ (H ₂ O) ^8- ,
• - the Strandberg structure, HP ₂ Mo ₅ O ₂₃ ^4- ,
• - the Keggin structure, XMi ₂ O ₄₀ ⁿ '',
• - the double Keggin structure,
• - the Keggin sandwich structure,
• - the monolacunar Keggin structure,
• - the dilacunar Keggin structure,
• - the Wells-Dawson structure, X ₂ M ₁₈ O ₆₂ ^n- ,
• - the Anderson structure, XM ₆ O ₂₄ ^n- ,
• - the Allman-Waugh structure, X ₁₂ M ₁₈ O ₃₂ ^n- ,
• - the Weakley-Yamase structure, XM ₁₀ O ₃₆ ^n- , and
• - the Dexter-Silverton structure, XM ₁₂ O ₄₂ ^n- .

Here, the exponent n is an integer from 3 to 20 denotes the valency of an anion, which varies depending on the X and M variables.

• - (BW₁₂O₄₀)^5- (I),
• - (W₁₀O₃₂)^4- (II),
• - (P₂W₁₈O₆₂)^6- (III),
• - (PW₁₁O₃₉)^7- (IV),
• - (siW₁₁O₃₉)^8- (V),
• - (HSiW₉O₃₄)^9- (VI),
• - (HPW₉O₃₄)^8- (VII),
• - (TM)₄(PW₉O₃₄)^t- (VIII),
• - (TM)₄(P₂W₁₅O₅₆)₂ ^t- (IX),
• - (NaP₅W₃₀O₁₁₀)^14- (X),
• - (TM)₃(PW₉O₃₄)₂ ^12- (XI) und
• - (P₂W₁₈O₆)^6- (XII).

Formulas I to XIII can serve as a further organizing principle for POM:

• - (BW ₁₂ O ₄₀ ) ^5- (I),
• - (W ₁₀ O ₃₂ ) ^4- (II),
• - ( _P2W18O62 ^)6- _{( III} ),
• - (PW ₁₁ O ₃₉ ) ^7- (IV),
• - (siW ₁₁ O ₃₉ ) ^8- (V),
• - (HSiW ₉ O ₃₄ ) ^9- (VI),
• - (HPW ₉ O ₃₄ ) ^8- (VII),
• - (TM) ₄ (PW ₉ O ₃₄ ) ^t- (VIII),
• - (TM) ₄ (P ₂ W ₁₅ O ₅₆ ) ₂ ^t- (IX),
• - (NaP ₅ W ₃₀ O ₁₁₀ ) ^14- (X),
• - (TM) ₃ (PW ₉ O ₃₄ ) ₂ ^12- (XI) and
• - ( ^{P2 W18 O6 )6-} _{( XII )} .

In formulas I to XII, TM represents a divalent or trivalent transition metal ion such as Mn ²⁺ , Fe ²⁺ , Fe ³⁺ , Co ²⁺ , Co ³⁺ , Ni ²⁺ , Cu ²⁺ and Zn ²⁺ . The exponent t is an integer and denotes the valence of an anion, which varies depending on the valence of the variable TM.

• – (A_xGa_yNb_aO_b)^z- (XIII).

POMs of the general formula XIII can also be considered:

• – (A _x Ga _y Nb _a O _b ) ^z- (XIII).

In formula XIII, the variable A is phosphorus, silicon or germanium and the subscript x is 0 or an integer from 1 to 40. The subscript y is an integer from 1 to 10, the subscript a is one is an integer from 1 to 8 and the subscript b is an integer from 15 to 150. The exponent z varies depending on the nature and degree of oxidation of the variable A. Aqua complexes and active fragments of POM XIII can also be considered.

When the index x is 0, y is preferably 6-a, where the index a is an integer from 1 to 5 and the index b is 19.

When the variable A is silicon or germanium, the subscript x is 2, the subscript y is 18, the subscript a is 6, and the subscript b is 77.

If the variable A is P, then the index x is 2 or 4, the index y is 12, 15, 17, or 30, the index a is 1, 3, or 6, and the index b is 62 or 123.

In addition, the isomers of the POM come into consideration. Thus, the Keggin structure has five isomers, the alpha, beta, gamma, delta, and epsilon structure. Furthermore, defect structures or lacunar structures as well as partial structures come into consideration.

The anions I to XIII are preferably used in the form of salts with cations which are approved for cleaning and personal care and pharmaceutical use.

• - einwertige Kationen wie Wasserstoff-, Lithium-, Natrium-, Kalium-, Rubidium-, Cäsium-, Kupfer(I)- und Silberionen;
• - zweiwertige Kationen wie Magnesium-, Calcium-, Strontium-, Barium-, Kupfer (II)-, Eisen (II)-, Nickel-, Kobalt-, Zinn (II) und Zinkionen;
• - dreiwertige Kationen wie Aluminium-, Eisen (III)-, Lanthanoid- und Actinoidionen;
• - vierwertige Kationen wie Blei (IV)-Kationen;
• - Mono-, Di-, Tri- oder Tetra-(C₁-C₂₀-alkylammonium) wie Pentadecyldimethylferrocenylmethylammonium, Undecyldimethylferrocenylmethylammonium, Hexadecyltrimethylammonium, Octadecyltrimethylammonium, Didodecyldimethylammonium, Ditetradecyldimethylammonium, Dihexadecyldimethylammonium, Dioctadecyldimethylammonium, Dioctadecylviologen, Trioctadecylmethylammonium und Tetrabutylammonium;
• - Mono-, Di-, Tri- oder Tetra-(C₁-C₂₀-alkanolammonium) wie Ethanolammonium Diethanolammonium und Triethanolammonium; und
• - Monokationen natürlich vorkommender Aminosäuren wie Histidinium (HISH⁺), Argininium (ARGH⁺) oder Lysinium (LYSH⁺) oder Oligo- oder Polypeptide mit einem oder mehreren protonierten basischen Aminosäurerest(en).

Examples of suitable cations are

• - monovalent cations such as hydrogen, lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, cuprous and silver ions;
• - divalent cations such as magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, copper(II), iron(II), nickel, cobalt, tin(II) and zinc ions;
• - trivalent cations such as aluminum, ferric, lanthanide and actinide ions;
• - tetravalent cations such as lead (IV) cations;
• - Mono-, di-, tri- or tetra-(C ₁ -C ₂₀ -alkylammonium) such as pentadecyldimethylferrocenylmethylammonium, undecyldimethylferrocenylmethylammonium, hexadecyltrimethylammonium, octadecyltrimethylammonium, didodecyldimethylammonium, ditetradecyldimethylammonium, dihexadecyldimethylammonium, dioctadecyldimethylammonium, dioctadecylviologen, trioctadecylmethylammonium and tetrabutylammonium;
• - mono-, di-, tri- or tetra-(C ₁ -C ₂₀ -alkanolammonium) such as ethanolammonium, diethanolammonium and triethanolammonium; and
• - Monocations of naturally occurring amino acids such as histidinium (HISH ⁺ ), argininium (ARGH ⁺ ) or lysinium (LYSH ⁺ ) or oligo- or polypeptides with one or more protonated basic amino acid residue(s).

[See. e.g. US 6,020,369, column 3, line 6 to column 4, line 29]

Also available are natural, modified natural, and synthetic cationic oligomers and polymers, ie, oligomers and polymers containing primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary ammonium groups, primary, secondary, and tertiary sulfonium groups, and/or primary, secondary, and tertiary phosphonium groups into consideration. Synthetic oligomers and polymers are common and well known and are used, for example, in electrocoatings. Examples of natural cationic oligomers and polymers are polyaminoaccharides such as polyglucosamines such as chitin, N-acetylglycosides and in particular chitosan.

The chain length and the molecular weight of the chitosan can be varied very widely. Thus, short and long chain length and/or low and high molecular weight chitosans can be used. They can be connected to the POM by chemical crosslinking, entanglement with the polymeric chains and/or by covalent and/or ionic bonds, by hydrogen bonds and/or by Van der Waals forces and/or London forces.

• a) vgl. US 6,020,369 , TABLE 1, Spalten 3 bis 10;
• b) Tierui Zhang, Shaoquin Liu, Dirk G. Kurth und Charl F. J. Faul, »Organized Nanostructured Complexes of Polyoxometalates and Surfactants that Exhibit Photoluminescence and Electrochromism, Advanced Functional Materials, 2009, 19, Seiten 642 bis 652;
• n Zahl, insbesondere ganze Zahl, von 1 bis 50.

Table 2 shows examples of suitable POMs. Table 2: Molecular formulas of suitable POM ^a) no . molecular formula structural family 1 [(NMP) ₂ H] ₃ PW _L2 O ₄₀ 2 [( _{DMA ) 2H} ] _3PMo12O40 3 (NH ₄ ) ₁₇ Na[NaSb ₉ W ₂₁ O ₈₆ ] Inorganic Crypt 4 a- and bH ₅ BW ₁₂ O ₄₀ " 5 _{a- and bH6ZnW12O40} " 6 a- and bH ₆ P ₂ W ₁₈ O ₆₂ " 7 alpha-(NH ₄ ) ₆ P ₂ W ₁₈ O ₆₂ Wells-Dawson structure 8th _{K10CU4 ( H2O )2 ( PW9O34 ) 2.20H2O} " 9 K ₁₀ Co ₄ (H ₂ O) ₂ (PW ₉ O ₃₄ ) ₂ .20H ₂ O " 10 _{Na7PW11O39 _ _} " Na ₇ PW ₁₁ 0 ₃₉ .20H ₂ O + 2 C ₆ H ₅ P(O)(OH) ₂ " 11 [(n-butyl) ₄ N] ₄ H ₃ PW ₁₁ O ₃₉ " 12 _{b - Na3HPW9O34} " 13 [(n-butyl) ₄ N] ₃ PMoW ₁₁ O ₃₉ " 14 a-[(n-Butyl) ₄ N] ₄ Mo8O26 " 15 [(n-butyl) ₄ N] ₂ W ₆ O ₁₉ " 16 [(n-butyl) ₄ N] ₂ Mo ₆ O ₁₉ " 17 a-(NH ₄ ) _n H( _4-n )SiW ₁₂ O ₄₀ " 18 a-(NH ₄ ) _n H( _5-n )BW ₁₂ O ₄₀ " 19 aK ₅ BW ₁₂ O ₄₀ " 20 _{K4W4O10 ( O2 ) 6} " 21 _{b - Na9HSiW9O34} " 22 _{Na6H2W12O40 _ _ _} 23 (NH ₄ ) ₁₄ [NaP ₅ W ₃₀ O ₁₁₀ ] Preyssler structure 24 a-(NH ₄ ) ₅ BW ₁₂ O ₄₀ " 25 a- _{Na5 BW12 O40} " 26 _{( NH4 ) 4W10O32} " "27 _{( Me4N ) 4W10O32} " 28 (HISH ⁺ ) _n H( _5-n )BW ₁₂ O ₄₀ " 29 (LYSH ⁺ ) _n H( _sn )BW ₁₂ O ₄₀ " 30 (ARGH ⁺ ) _n H( _5-n )BW ₁₂ O ₄₀ " 31 (HISH ⁺ ) _n H( _4-n )SiW ₁₂ O ₄₀ " 32 (LYSH ⁺ ) _n H( _4-n )SiW ₁₂ O ₄₀ " 34 (ARGH ⁺ ) _n H( _4-n )SiW ₁₂ O ₄₀ " 35 K ₁₂ [EuP ₅ W ₃₀ O ₁₁₀ ].22H ₂ O ^b) " 36 _{aK8SiW11O39 _ _} " 37 _{K10 ( H2W12O42 )} " 38 K ₁₂ Ni ₃ (II)(PW ₉ O ₃₄ ) ₂ .nH ₂ O " 39 (NH ₄ ) ₁₀ Co ₄ (II)(PW ₉ O ₃₄ ) ₂ .nH ₂ O " 40 K ₁₂ Pd ₃ (II)(PW ₉ O ₃₄ ) ₂ .nH ₂ O " 41 _{Na12P2W15O56.18H2O _ _ _ _} Lacunar (defective) structure 42 Na ₁₆ Cu ₄ (H ₂ O) ₂ (P ₂ W ₁₅ O ₅₆ ) ₂ .nH ₂ O " 43 Na ₁₆ Zn ₄ (H ₂ O) ₂ (P ₂ W ₁₅ O ₅₆ ) ₂ .nH ₂ O " 44 _{Na16Co4 ( H2O ) 2 ( P2W15O56 ) 2nH2O} " 45 _{Na16N14 ( H2O ) 2 ( P2W15O56 ) 2.nH2O} Wells-Dawson sandwich structure 46 _{Na16Mn4 ( H2O ) 2 ( P2W15O56 ) 2.nH2O} " 47 Na ₁₆ Fe ₄ (H ₂ O) ₂ (P ₂ W ₁₅ O ₅₆ ) ₂ .nH ₂ O " 48 K ₁₀ Zn ₄ (H ₂ O) ₂ (PW ₉ O ₃₄ ) ₂ .20H ₂ O Keggin sandwich structure 49 _{K10N14 ( H2O )2 ( PW9O34 ) 2.nH2O} " 50 K ₁₀ Mn ₄ (H ₂ O) ₂ (PW ₉ O ₃₄ ) ₂ .nH ₂ O " 51 K ₁₀ Fe ₄ (H ₂ O) ₂ (PW ₉ O ₃₄ ) ₂ .nH ₂ O " 52 _{K12CU3 ( PW9O34 ) 2.nH2O _} " 53 K ₁₂ (CoH ₂ O) ₃ (PW ₉ O ₃₄ ) ₂ .nH ₂ O " 54 K ₁₂ Zn ₃ (PN ₉ O ₃₄ ) ₂ .15H ₂ O " 55 K ₁₂ Mn ₃ (PW ₉ O ₃₄ ) ₂ .15H ₂ O " 56 K ₁₂ Fe ₃ (PW ₉ O ₃₄ ) ₂ .25H ₂ O " 57 (ARGH ⁺ ) ₁₀ (NH ₄ ) ₇ Na[NaSb ₉ W ₂₁ O ₈₆ ] " 58 (ARGH ⁺ ) ₅ HW ₁₁ O ₃₉ .17H ₂ O " 59 _{K7Ti2W10O40 _ _ _} " 60 [(CH ₃ ) ₄ N] ₇ T _b W ₁₀ O ₄₀ " 61 _{CS7Ti2W10O40 _ _ _} " 62 [HISH ⁺ ] ₇ Ti ₂ W ₁₀ O ₄₀ " 63 [LYSH ⁺ ] _n Na _7-n PTi ₂ W ₁₀ O ₄₀ " 64 [ARGH ⁺ ] _n Na _7-n PTi ₂ W ₁₀ O ₄₀ " 65 [n-Butyl ₄ N ⁺ ] ₃ H ₃ V ₁₀ O ₂₈ " 66 _{K7HNb6O19.13H2O _ _} " 67 [(CH ₃ ) ₄ N ⁺ ] ₄ SiW ₁₁ O ₃₉ - Organically modified structure O[ _SiCH2CH2C (O _{) OCH3} ] ₂ 68 [(CH ₃ ) ₄ N ⁺ ] ₄ PW ₁₁ O ₃₉ -(SiCH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₂ CN) " 69 [(CH ₃ ) ₄ N ⁺ ] ₄ PW ₁₁ O ₃₉ -(SiCH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₂ Cl) " 70 [(CH ₃ ) ₄ N ⁺ ] ₄ PW ₁₁ O ₃₉ -(SiCH ₂ =CH ₂ ) " 71 Cs ₄ [SiW11O ₃₉ -(SiCH ₂ CH ₂ C(O)OCH ₃ ) ₂ ] ₄ " 72 Cs ₄ [SiW110 ₃₉ -(SiCH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₂ CN)] ₄ " 73 Cs4[SiW11O ₃₉ -(SiCH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₂ Cl) ₂ ] ₄ " 74 Cs ₄ [SiW110 ₃₉ -(SiCH ₂ =CH ₂ )] ₄ " 75 [(CH ₃ ) ₄ N ⁺ ] ₄ SiW ₁₁ O ₃₉ -O-(SiCH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₂ Cl) ₂ ” 76 [(CH ₃ ) ₄ N ⁺ ] ₄ SiW ₁₁ O ₃₉ -O(SiCH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₂ CN) ₂ " 77 [(CH ₃ ) ₄ N ⁺ ] ₄ SiW ₁₁ 0 ₃₉ -0(SiCH ₂ ⁼ CH ₂ ) ₂ " 78 [(CH ₃ ) ₄ N ⁺ ] ₄ SiW _ii 0 ₃₉ -0[SiC(CH ₃ )] ₂ " 79 [(CH ₃ ) ₄ N ⁺ ] ₄ SiW _ii 0 ₃₉ -0[SiCH ₂ CH(CH ₃ )] ₂ " 80 [(CH ₃ ) ₄ N ⁺ ] ₄ SiW ₁₁ O ₃₉ - " O[ _SiCH2CH2C (O _{) OCH3} ] ₂ 81 KS Mn(II) _{PW11O 39} nH ₂ 0 Structure substituted with transition metals 82 K _e Mn(II)P ₂ W ₁₇ O ₆₁ .nH ₂ O " 83 K _e Mn(II)SiW ₁₁ O ₃₉ .nH ₂ O " 84 K ₅ PW ₁₁ O _39[ Si(CH ₃ ) _2] .nH ₂ O " 85 K ₃ PW ₁₁ O ₄₁ (PC ₆ H ₅ ) ₂ .nH ₂ O " 86 _{Na3PW11O41 ( PC6H5 ) 2.nH2O _ _} " 87 _{K5PTiW11O40 _ _} " 88 _{Cs5PTiW''O 39} ” 89 K _e SiW ₁₁ O ₃₉ [Si(CH ₃ ) _2] .nH ₂ O " 90 KSiW ₁₁ O ₃₉ [Si(C ₆ H ₅ )(tert-C ₄ H ₉ )].nH ₂ O " 91 K ₆ SiW ₁₁ O ₃₉ [Si(C ₆ H ₅ ) ₂ ].nH ₂ O " 92 _{K7SiW9Nb3O40.nH2O _ _ _ _} " 93 _{Cs7SiW9Nb3O40.nH2O _ _ _ _} " 94 Cs ₈ Si ₂ W ₁₈ Nb ₆ O ₇₇ .nH ₂ O " 95 [(CH ₃ ) ₃ NH ⁺ ] ₇ SiW ₉ Nb3O ₄₀ .nH ₂ O Substituted Keggin structure 96 _{( CN3H6 ) 7SiW9Nb3O40.nH2O _ _ _} " 97 (CN ₃ H ₆ ) ₈ Si ₂ W _i8 Nb ₆ 0 ₇₇ .nH ₂ O " 98 Rb ₇ SiW ₉ Nb ₃ O ₄₀ .nH ₂ O " 99 Rb ₈ Si ₂ W ₁₈ Nb ₆ O ₇₇ .nH ₂ O " 100 _{K8Si2W18Nb6O77.nH2O _ _ _ _ _} ” 101 _{K6P2Mo18O62.nH2O _ _ _ _} " 102 _{( C5H5N ) 7HSi2W18Nb6O77.nH2O _ _ _ _} ” 103 _{( C5H5N ) 7SiW9Nb3O40.nH2O _ _ _} " 104 (ARGH ⁺ ) ₈ SiW ₁₈ Nb ₆ O ₇₇ .18H ₂ O " 105 (LYSH') ₇ KSiW ₁₈ Nb ₆ O ₇₇ .18H ₂ O " 106 _{( HISH} ⁺ _{) 6K2SiW18Nb6O77.18H2O _ _} " 107 [(CH ₃ ) ₄ N+] ₄ SiW ₁₁ O ₃₉ -O(SiCH ₂ CH ₃ ) ₂ " 108 [(CH ₃ ) ₄ N+] ₄ SiW ₁₁ O ₃₉ -O(SiCH ₃ ) ₂ " 109 [(CH ₃ ) ₄ N ⁺ ] ₄ SiW ₁₁ O ₃₉ -O(SiC ₁₆ H ₃₃ ) ₂ " 110 _{Li9P2V3 ( CH3 ) 3W12O62 _ _} " 111 _{Li7HSi2W18Nb6O77 _ _ _ _} " 112 _{CS9P2V3CH3W12O62 _ _ _ _ _} " 113 CS ₁₂ P ₂ V ₃ W ₁₂ O ₆₂ " 114 _{K4H2PV4W8O40 _ _ _ _} " 115 _{Na12P4W14O58 _ _ _} " 116 _{Na14H6P6W18O79 _ _ _ _} " 117 _aK5 ( _{NbO2 ) SiW11O39} " 118 _{aO2 ) SiW11O39} " 119 [(CH ₃ ) ₃ NH ⁺ ) ₅ NbSiW ₁₁ O ₄₀ " 120 [(CH ₃ ) ₃ NH ⁺ ] ₅ TaSiW ₁₁ O ₄₀ " 121 _{K6Nb3PW9O40 _ _ _} Peroxo Keggin structure 122 [(CH ₃ ) ₃ NH ⁺ ] ₅ (NbO ₂ )SiW ₁₁ O ₃₉ " 123 [(CH ₃ ) ₃ NH ⁺ ] ₅ (TaO ₂ )SiW ₁₁ O ₃₉ " 124 K4 ( _{NbO2 ) PW11 O39} " 125 _{K7 ( NbO2 ) P2W12O61} " 126 [(CH ₃ ) ₃ NH ⁺ ] ₇ (NbO ₂ ) ₃ SiW ₉ O ₃₇ " 127 _{Cs7 ( NbO2 ) 3SiW9O37} " 128 _{K6 ( NbO2 ) 3PW9O37} " 129 _{Na10 ( H2W12O42 )} " 130 _{K4NbPW11O40 _ _} " 131 [(CH ₃ ) ₃ NH+] ₄ NbPW ₁₁ O ₄₀ " 132 _{K5NbSiW11O40 _ _} " 133 _{K5TaSiW11O40 _ _} " 134 _{K7NbP2W17O62 _ _ _} Wells-Dawson structure 135 _{K7 ( TiO2 ) 2PW10O38} " 136 _{K7 ( TaO2 ) 3SiW9O37} " 137 _{K7Ta3SiW9O40 _ _ _} " 138 _{K6 ( TaO2 ) 3PW9O37} " 139 _{K6Ta3PW9O40 _ _ _} " 140 _{K8Co2W11 ) O39 _} " 141 H ₂ [(CH ₃ ) ₄ N ⁺ ]4(C ₂ H ₅ Si) ₂ CoW ₁₁ O ₄₀ " 142 H ₂ [(CH ₃ ) ₄ N ⁺ ] ₄ (iso-C ₄ H ₉ Si) ₂ CoW ₁₁ O ₄₀ " 143 _{K9Nb3P2W15O62 _ _ _ _} " 144 _{Kg ( NbO2 ) 3P2W15O59} " 145 _{K12 ( NbO2 ) 6P2W12O56 _} Wells-Dawson peroxo structure 146 _{K12Nb6P2W12O62 _ _ _ _} Wells-Dawson structure ff . 147 _{a2 - K10P2W17O61 _ _} " 148 K ₆ Fe(III)Nb ₃ P ₂ W ₁₅ O ₆₂ " 149 _{K7Zn ( II ) Nb3P2W15O62} " 150 (NH ₄ ) ₆ (aP ₂ W ₁₈ O ₆₂ ).nH ₂ O " 151 K _12[ H ₂ P ₂ W ₁₂ O ₄₈ ].24H ₂ O " 152 K ₂ Na ₁₅ H _s [PtMo _s O ₂₄ ].8H ₂ O " 153 K ₈ [a ₂ -P ₂ W ₁₇ MoO ₆₂ ].nH ₂ O " 154 _{KHP 2V3W15O62.34H2O _ _ _} " 155 K ₆ [P ₂ W ₁₂ Nb ₆ O ₆₂ ].24H ₂ O " 156 _Na6 [ _{V10O28 ] .H2O} " 157 (guanidinium) ₈ H[PV ₁₄ O ₆₂ ].3H ₂ O " 158 K8H[PV14O62] " 159 Na ₇ [MnV ₁₃ O ₃₈ ].18H ₂ O " 160 K ₆ [BW ₁₁ O ₃₉ Ga(OH) ₂ ].13H ₂ O " 161 _K7H [ _{Nb6O19 ] .13H2O} " 162 [(CH ₃ ) ₄ N ⁺ /Na ⁺ /K ⁺ 1 ₄ [Nb ₂ W ₄ O ₁₉ ] " 163 [(CH ₃ ) ₄ N ⁺ ] ₉ [P ₂ W ₁₅ Nb ₃ O ₆₂ ] " 164 [(CH ₃ ) ₄ N ⁺ ] ₁₅ [HP ₄ W ₃₀ Nb ₆ O ₁₂₃ ].16H ₂ O " 165 [Na/K] ₆ [Nb ₄ W ₂ O ₁₉ ] " 166 [(CH ₃ ) ₄ N ⁺ /Na ⁺ /K ⁺ ]5[ _Nb3W3O19] .6H ₂ O " 167 K ₅ [CpTiSiW ₁₁ O ₃₉ ].12H ₂ O " 169 b ₂ -K ₈ [SiW _n O ₃₉ ].14H ₂ O " 170 aK ₈ [SiW ₁₀ O ₃₆ ].12H ₂ O " 171 Cs ₇ Na ₂ [PW ₁₀ O ₃₇ ].8H ₂ O " 172 _Cso [ _{P2W3O23 ] .7.5H2O} " 173 g-Cs ₇ [PW ₁₀ O ₃₆ ].7H ₂ O " 174 K ₅ [SiNbW _n O ₄₀ ].7H ₂ O " 175 K ₄ [PNbW ₁₁ O ₄₀ ].12H ₂ O " 176 _{Na6 [ Nb4W2O19 ] .13H2O} " 177 _{K6 [ Nb4W2O19 ] .7H2O} " 180 _{K4 [ V2W4O19 ] .3.5H2O} " 181 _{Na5 [ V3W3O19 ] .12H2O} " 182 K ₆ [PV ₃ W ₉ O ₄₀ ].14H ₂ O " 183 Na ₉ [Ab-GeW ₉ O ₃₄ ].8H ₂ O " 184 Na ₁₀ [Aa-GeW ₉ O ₃₄ ].9H ₂ O " 185 K ₇ [BV ₂ W ₁₀ O ₄₀ ].6H ₂ O " 186 Na ₅ [CH ₃ Sn(Nb ₆ O ₁₉ )].10H ₂ O " 187 Na ₈ [Pt(P(m-SO ₃ C ₆ H ₅ ) ₃ ) ₃ Cl].3H ₂ O " 188 [(CH ₃ ) ₃ NH ⁺ ] ₁₀ (H)[Si(H) ₃ W ₁₈ O ₆₈ ].10H ₂ O " 189 K ₇ [Aa-GeNb ₃ W ₉ O ₄₀ ].18H ₂ O " 190 K ₇ [Ab-SiNb ₃ W ₉ O ₄₀ ].20H ₂ O " 191 [(CH ₃ ) ₃ NH ⁺ ] _9[ Aa-HGe ₂ Nb ₆ W ₁₈ O ₇₈ " 192 K ₇ (H)[Aa-Ge ₂ Nb ₆ W ₁₈ O ₇₇ ].18H ₂ O " 193 K ₈ [Ab-Si ₂ Nb ₆ W ₁₈ O ₇₇ ] " 194 [(CH ₃ ) ₃ NH+] ₈ [AB-Si ₂ Nb ₆ W ₁₈ O ₇₇ ] "

• a) cf. U.S. 6,020,369 , TABLE 1, columns 3 to 10;
• b) Tierui Zhang, Shaoquin Liu, Dirk G. Kurth, and Charl FJ Faul, Organized Nanostructured Complexes of Polyoxometalates and Surfactants that Exhibit Photoluminescence and Electrochromism, Advanced Functional Materials, 2009, 19, pp. 642–652;
• n A number, in particular an integer, from 1 to 50.

Further examples of suitable POM are from the American patent U.S. 7,097,858 B2 , column 14, line 56, to column 17, line 19, as well as from TABLE 8a, column 22, line 41, to column 23, line 28, conn compounds numbers 1-53, and TABLE 8b, column 23, line 30, to column 25, line 34, compounds numbers 1 to 150.

Other preferred POMs are those of J.T.Rhule, CL Hill and DA Judd in the article "Polyoxometalates in Medicine" in Chemical Reviews, Volume 98, pages 327 to 357, in Table 1 "In Vitro Antiviral Activities of Polyoxometalates", pages 332 to 347, and in Table 2 »In Vivo Activities of Polyoxometalates«, page 351, listed polyoxometalates that have been tested for their antiviral activity.

POMs with a Keggin structure, double Keggin structure and Wells-Dawson structure are preferably used.

• - Ammoniumheptamolybdat-Tetrahydrat {(NH₄)₆Mo₇O₂₄] . 4H₂O, CAS-Nr.13106-76-8 (wasserfrei), CAS-Nr. 12054-85-2 (Tetrahydrat), AHMT},
• - Wolframatophosphorsäure-Hydrat {H₃[P(W₃O₁₀)₄] xH₂O, CAS-Nr. 1343-93-7 (wasserfrei), CAS-Nr. 12067-99-1 (Hydrat), Wo-Pho},
• - Molybdatophosphorsäure-Hydrat, {H₃P(Mo₃O₁₀)₄] · xH2O, CAS-Nr.:12026-57-2 (wasserfrei), CAS-Nr. 51429-74-4 (Hydrat), Mo-Pho} und/oder
• - Wolframatokieselsäure {H₄[Si(W₃O₁₀)₄] · H₂O, CAS-Nr. 12027-43-9, CAS-Nr. WKS}

und/oder ihre Salze verwendet.are most particularly preferred

• - ammonium heptamolybdate tetrahydrate {(NH ₄ ) ₆ Mo ₇ O ₂₄ ] . 4H ₂ O, CAS no.13106-76-8 (anhydrous), CAS no. 12054-85-2 (tetrahydrate), AHMT},
• - Tungstophosphoric acid hydrate {H ₃ [P(W ₃ O ₁₀ ) ₄ ] xH ₂ O, CAS no. 1343-93-7 (anhydrous), CAS no. 12067-99-1 (hydrate), Wo-Pho},
• - Molybdophosphoric acid hydrate, {H ₃ P(Mo ₃ O ₁₀ ) ₄ ] xH2O, CAS no.: 12026-57-2 (anhydrous), CAS no. 51429-74-4 (hydrate), Mo-Pho} and/or
• - tungstosilicic acid {H ₄ [Si(W ₃ O ₁₀ ) ₄ ] · H ₂ O, CAS no. 12027-43-9, CAS no. WCS}

and/or their salts are used.

In a particularly preferred embodiment, a POM-chitosan composite is used.

The POM microparticles described above are unmodified, oxygen-substituted, functionalized, aggregated, and/or agglomerated. For example, they can be functionalized and agglomerated. However, they can also be non-functionalized and aggregated.

The POM microparticles to be used according to the invention can be produced with the aid of customary and known wet-chemical processes such as precipitation processes. However, it is also possible to dissolve the POM in water and spray the resulting solution against a stream of warm air. It is also possible to evaporate the solution in vacuo by irradiating it with IR radiation. It is also possible to apply solutions, in particular aqueous solutions, of POM to cold surfaces such as deep-frozen, smooth metal surfaces, dry ice, deep-frozen organic solvents and liquefied gases such as methane, ethane, propane, butane, methylcyclohexane or petrol, liquid nitrogen or liquid helium to spray and to vaporize the dry ice or liquid substances.

Other suitable bactericides and/or virucides are ionic liquids. They consist exclusively of ions (cations and anions). They can consist of organic cations and organic or inorganic anions or of inorganic cations and organic anions.

In principle, ionic liquids are molten salts with a low melting point. Not only those salt compounds which are liquid at ambient temperature are included, but also all salt compounds which preferably melt below 150.degree. C., preferably below 130.degree. C. and in particular below 100.degree. In contrast to conventional inorganic salts such as table salt (melting point 808°C), lattice energy and symmetry are reduced in ionic liquids due to charge delocalization, which can lead to freezing points down to -80°C and below. Due to the numerous possible combinations of anions and cations, ionic liquids with very different properties can be produced (see also Römpp Online 2007, »ionic liquids«).

Suitable organic cations are all cations that are customarily used in ionic liquids. The onium compounds are preferably non-cyclic or heterocyclic.

Preferred are non-cyclic and heterocyclic onium compounds from the group consisting of quaternary ammonium, oxonium, sulfonium and phosphonium cations and uronium, thiouronium and guanidinium cations in which the single positive charge is delocalized over several heteroatoms, used.

Particular preference is given to using quaternary ammonium cations and very particular preference to using heterocyclic quaternary ammonium cations.

In particular, the heterocyclic quaternary ammonium cations are selected from the group consisting of pyrrolium, imidazolium, 1H-pyrazolium, 3H-pyrazolium, 4H-pyrazolium, 1-pyrazolinium, 2-pyrazolinium, 3-pyrazolinium, 2,3-dihydro-imidazolinium, 4,5-dihydro-imidazolinium, 2,5-dihydro-imidazolinium, pyrrolidinium, 1,2,4-triazolium (quaternary nitrogen atom in 1-position), 1,2 ,4-Triazolium (4-position quaternary nitrogen), 1,2,3-Triazolium (1-position quaternary nitrogen), 1,2,3-Triazolium (4-position quaternary nitrogen), oxazolium- , isooxazolium, thiazolium, isothiazolium, pyridinium, pyridazinium, pyrimidinium, piperidinium, morpholinium, pyrazinium, indolium, quinolinium, isoquinolinium, quinoxalinium and indolinium cations.

• - DE 10 2005 055 815 A , Seite 6, Absatz [0033], bis Seite 15, Absatz [0074],
• - DE 10 2005 035 103 A1 , Seite 3, Absatz [0014], bis Seite 10, Absatz [0051], und
• - DE 103 25 050 A1 , der die Seiten 2 und 3 übergreifende Absatz [0006] in Verbindung mit Seite 3, Absatz [0011], bis Seite 5, Absatz [0020],
• - WO 03/029329 A2 , Seite 4, letzter Absatz, bis Seite 8, zweiter Absatz,
• - WO 2004/052340 A1 , Seite 8, erster Absatz, bis Seite 10, erster Absatz,
• - WO 2004/084627 A2 , Seite 14, zweiter Absatz, bis Seite 16, erster Absatz, und Seite 17, erster Absatz, bis Seite 19, zweiter Absatz,
• - WO 2005/017252 A1 , Seite 11, Zeile 20, bis Seite 12, Zeile 19,
• - WO 2005/017001 A1 , Seite 7, letzter Absatz, bis Seite 9, viertletzter Absatz,
• - WO 2005/023873 A1 , Seite 9, Zeile 7, bis Seite 10, Zeile 20,
• - WO 2006/116126 A2 , Seite 4, Zeile 1, bis Seite 5, Zeile 24,
• - WO 2007/057253 A2 , Seite 4, Zeile 24, bis Seite 18, Zeile 38,
• - WO 2007/085624 A1 , Seite 14, Zeile 27, bis Seite 18, Zeile 11, und
• - US 2007/0006774 A1 Seite 17, Absatz [0157], bis Seite 19, Absatz [0167],

The organic cations described above are species known per se, for example in the German and international patent applications and in the American patent application

• - DE 10 2005 055 815 A , page 6, paragraph [0033], to page 15, paragraph [0074],
• - DE 10 2005 035 103 A1 , page 3, paragraph [0014], to page 10, paragraph [0051], and
• - DE 103 25 050 A1 , paragraph [0006] covering pages 2 and 3 in connection with page 3, paragraph [0011], to page 5, paragraph [0020],
• - WO 03/029329 A2 , page 4, last paragraph, to page 8, second paragraph,
• - WO 2004/052340 A1 , page 8, first paragraph, to page 10, first paragraph,
• - WO 2004/084627 A2 , page 14, second paragraph, to page 16, first paragraph, and page 17, first paragraph, to page 19, second paragraph,
• - WO 2005/017252 A1 , page 11, line 20, to page 12, line 19,
• - WO 2005/017001 A1 , page 7, last paragraph, to page 9, fourth last paragraph,
• - WO 2005/023873 A1 , page 9, line 7, to page 10, line 20,
• - WO 2006/116126 A2 , page 4, line 1, to page 5, line 24,
• - WO 2007/057253 A2 , page 4, line 24, to page 18, line 38,
• - WO 2007/085624 A1 , page 14, line 27, to page 18, line 11, and
• - US 2007/0006774 A1 Page 17, paragraph [0157], to page 19, paragraph [0167],

be described in detail. Express reference is made to the passages of the patent applications listed for the purpose of explaining the present invention in more detail.

Of the organic cations described above, imidazolium cations, in particular the 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium cation (EMIM) or the 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium cation (BMIM), in which the quaternary nitrogen is in the 1st -position is used.

Suitable inorganic cations are all cations which do not form crystalline salts whose melting point is above 150° C. with the organic anions of the ionic liquids (C). Examples of suitable inorganic cations are the lanthanide cations.

Suitable inorganic anions are basically all anions which do not form crystalline salts with the organic cations of the ionic liquids (C), whose melting point is above 150° C., and which also do not have any undesirable interactions with the organic cations, such as chemical reactions enter.

Preferably, the inorganic anions from the group consisting of halide, pseudohalide, sulfide, halometallate, cyanometallate, carbonylmetallate, haloborate, halophosphate, haloarsenate and haloantimonate anions and the anions of the oxygen acids of the halides, sulfur, des nitrogen, phosphorus, carbon, silicon, boron and transition metals.

Fluoride, chloride, bromide and/or iodide ions are preferred as halide anions, cyanide, cyanate, thiocyanate, isothiocyanate and/or azide anions as pseudohalide anions, sulfide, hydrogensulfide, polysulfide and/or hydrogenpolysulfide anions as sulfide anions, Chlorine and/or bromoaluminates and/or ferrates as halometallate anions, hexacyanoferrate(II) and/or -(III) anions as cyanometallate anions, tetracarbonylferrate anions as carbonylmetallate anions, tetrachloro and/or tetrafluoroborate anions as haloborate anions, halophosphate, haloarsenate anions and haloantimonate anions hexafluorophosphate, hexafluoroarsenate, hexachloroantimonate and/or hexafluoroantimonate anions and as anions of the oxygen acids of the halides, sulfur, nitrogen, phosphorus, carbon, silicon, boron and the transition metals chlorate, perchlorate, bromate , iodate, sulfate, hydrogen sulfate, sulfite, hydrogen sulfite, thiosulfate, nitrite, nitrate, phosphinate, pho sphonate, phosphate, hydrogen phosphate, dihydrogen phosphate, carbonate, hydrogen carbonate, glyoxylate, oxalate, deltaate, squarate, croconate, rhodozonate, silicate, borate, chromate, peroxometallate and/or Permanganate anions used.

The POM anions listed above are particularly preferably used.

In the same way, suitable organic anions are basically all anions which do not form crystalline salts with the organic or inorganic cations of the ionic liquids, whose melting point is above 150° C. and which also have no undesirable interactions with the organic or inorganic cations how chemical reactions occur.

The organic anions of aliphatic, cycloaliphatic and aromatic acids are preferably derived from the group consisting of carboxylic acids, sulfonic acids, acidic sulfate esters, phosphonic acids, phosphinic acids, acidic phosphate esters, hypodiphosphinic acids, hypodiphosphonic acids, hypodiphosphonic acids, acidic boric acid esters, boric acids, acidic silicic acid esters and acidic silanes, or they are selected from the group consisting of aliphatic, cycloaliphatic and aromatic thiolate, alcoholate, phenolate, methide, bis(carbonyl)imide, bis(sulfonyl)imide and carbonylsulfonylimide anions.

• - WO 2005/017252 A1 , Seite 7, Seite 14, bis Seite 11, Seite 6, und
• - WO 2007/057235 A2 , Seite 19, Zeile 5, bis Seite 23, Seite 23,

bekannt. Ganz besonders bevorzugt werden Acetatanionen verwendet.Examples of suitable inorganic and organic anions are from the international patent applications

• - WO 2005/017252 A1 , page 7, page 14, to page 11, page 6, and
• - WO 2007/057235 A2 , page 19, line 5, to page 23, page 23,

famous. Acetate anions are very particularly preferably used.

In particular, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate (EMIM Ac) and tetra-(1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium)tungstate silicate are used as the ionic liquid.

Materials that are only poorly soluble in water are preferably used as particulate, inorganic, bactericidal and/or biocidal materials, so that the materials are not attacked by aerosols. In addition, they should not be highly toxic or carcinogenic to humans or animals and should be safe to handle and dispose of.

Examples of suitable particulate, inorganic, bactericidal and/or biocidal materials are boric acid, boron oxide, disodium octaborate tetrahydrate, disodium tetraborate pentahydrate, disodium tetraborate decahydrate, copper hydroxide, basic copper carbonate, granulated copper, copper flakes, dicopper oxide, copper oxide, copper thiocyanate, silver, silver chloride, silver bromide, calcium carbonate, hydrated lime, lime , calcium magnesium oxide tetrahydrate, calcium magnesium oxide and/or titanium dioxide.

The containers for the activated charcoal that are only air-permeable in the vertical direction are metal wire meshes, plastic wire meshes and/or textile meshes with a mesh size that on the one hand prevents the particulate activated charcoal from falling out and on the other hand does not cause excessive air resistance. The containers each have a vertical, circumferential, fitting, airtight wall made of metal, plastic or textile. This ensures that the air only flows through the beds of particulate activated carbon and not between the inside of the vertically aligned outer walls and the containers.

In a further preferred embodiment of the device according to the invention, the air inlet and the air outlet are arranged in such a way that the flow direction of the inflowing contaminated Room air and the flow direction of the decontaminated room air flowing out form an angle of 90°.

The vertically aligned outer walls are planar rectangular plates, planar plates together forming a truncated pyramid, or convex curved plates together forming a truncated cone or hemispherical shell with a smaller upper and a larger lower concentric opening. The panels are joined by vertical and horizontal, straight or curved profile struts, flanged connections and/or plug-in connections.

The formed truncated cones or hemispherical shells can be joined to other components with circular outlines by flange connections, screw connections and/or bayonet connections.

In this way, devices according to the invention can be realized in the form of vertical columns with a square or rectangular plan, of drums, of double pyramids, of double cones or of hourglass drums. However, it is also possible to combine different shapes with one another for aesthetic purposes.

Lighting fixtures can be placed on the exterior walls for decorative or functional purposes. These can be used to illuminate the room and/or to display the operation of the device according to the invention. However, it is also possible for the outer walls to have transparent areas or windows, behind which the lighting fixtures can be placed so that their light shines outwards. White and/or colored LEDs and/or fluorescent tubes are preferably used as lighting elements. The transparent areas or windows can consist of clear, colored, and/or clouded glasses and/or plastics and/or cut stone plates.

This expands the application possibilities of the device according to the invention in an advantageous manner.

In general, it is advantageous according to the invention if the at least one container with particulate activated carbon is arranged in the suction area directly below the air inlet and/or directly above the air suction side of the at least one fan. Furthermore, it is advantageous according to the invention if the at least one container with particulate activated carbon is arranged in the pressure area directly below the air discharge side of the at least one fan and/or directly above the air outlet.

The volume ratio of the suction area to the pressure area can vary widely and can therefore be perfectly adapted to the requirements of the individual case. The suction area/pressure area ratio is preferably 4:1 to 1:4, preferably 3:1 to 1:3 and particularly preferably 2:1 to 1:2.

The dimensions of the device according to the invention can also vary widely and can therefore be excellently adapted to the requirements of the individual case and in particular to the size of the room and the volume of air to be circulated. The horizontal diameter is preferably 100 mm to 1000 mm and the height 500 mm to 3000 mm, with the strength of the components being adapted to the requirements of the respective statics.

The components of the device according to the invention described above can consist of a wide variety of materials. It is essential that they are used in a strength that ensures the carrying capacity of the construction of the device according to the invention. Therefore, metals, plastics, glasses or hardwoods as well as composite materials made of at least two of these materials come into consideration as materials. The materials preferably have an antistatic finish.

Suitable metals are aluminum, steel, stainless steel and alloys of iron and aluminum.

Suitable plastics are customary and known linear and/or branched and/or block, comb and/or random polyaddition resins, polycondensation resins and/or (co)polymers of ethylenically unsaturated monomers.

Examples of suitable (co)polymers are (meth)acrylate (co)polymers and/or polystyrene, polyvinyl esters, polyvinyl ethers, polyvinyl halides, polyvinylamides, polyacrylonitriles, polyethylenes, polypropylenes, polybutylenes, polyisoprenes and/or their copolymers.

Examples of suitable polyaddition resins or polycondensation resins are polyesters, alkyds, polylactones, polycarbonates, polyethers, proteins, epoxy resin-amine adducts, polyurethanes, alkyd resins, polysiloxanes, polysulfones, polyketones, polyether ketone, phenol-formaldehyde resins, urea-formaldehyde resins, melamine-formaldehyde -Resins, cellulose, polysulfides, polyacetals, polyethylene oxides, polycaprolactams, polylactones, polylactides, polyimides, and/or polyureas.

As is known, thermosets are produced from multifunctional, low molecular weight and/or oligomeric compounds by (co)polymerization initiated thermally and/or with actinic radiation.

The plastics can be reinforced and/or electrostatically equipped with metal fibers, boron fibers, basalt fibers, textile fibers, glass fibers, carbon fibers, electrically conductive plastic particles and/or carbon nanoparticles.

Examples of suitable hardwoods are beech, oak and ash.

Examples of suitable glasses are in Rompp-Online under the keywords "glass", "hard glass" or "safety glass" or in the German translation of the European patent EP 0 847 965 B1 with the case number DE 697 312 168 T2 , page 8, paragraph [0053]. Examples of particularly suitable glasses are non-tempered, partially tempered and tempered float glass, cast glass or ceramic glass.

In yet another advantageous embodiment, further devices such as cloth filters, HEPA filters and/or spray dosing systems, for example for disinfectants, can be arranged in the empty space of the printing area.

Through the use of wood and decorative motifs such as inlays, the devices according to the invention could be used as integral parts of furniture such as cupboards and shelves.

The device according to the invention can be designed for L10, which means 40,000 operating hours and 18 years of use at 1800 operating hours per year. A device according to the invention of this size advantageously contains 80 liters of biochar with an inner BET surface area of 300 to 500 m ² /g. As a result, the filter volume is many times larger than that of comparable air purifiers.

1. (A) Bereitstellen und Inbetriebnahme einer erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung,
2. (B) Einsaugen von kontaminierter Raumluft durch den Lufteinlass und Saugen der kontaminierten Raumluft durch den Saugbereich und durch mindestens einen horizontal angeordneten, nur in vertikaler Richtung durchlässigen, mit partikulärer Aktivkohle gefüllten Behälter mithilfe mindestens eines Ventilators in dessen Ansaugseite,
3. (C) Ausstoßen der Luft mithilfe des mindestens einen Ventilators durch dessen Ausstoßseite durch den Druckbereich und durch mindestens einen horizontal angeordneten, nur in vertikaler Richtung durchlässigen, mit partikulärer Aktivkohle gefüllten Behälter und
4. (D) Ausströmen der dekontaminierten Luft aus dem Luftauslass in den Raum.

The device according to the invention is used to carry out the method according to the invention, which comprises at least the following essential method steps:

1. (A) Provision and commissioning of a device according to the invention,
2. (B) Sucking in contaminated room air through the air inlet and sucking the contaminated room air through the suction area and through at least one horizontally arranged container filled with particulate activated carbon that is only permeable in the vertical direction using at least one fan on its suction side,
3. (C) Expelling the air with the aid of the at least one fan through its exhaust side through the pressure area and through at least one horizontally arranged container filled with particulate activated carbon and permeable only in the vertical direction and
4. (D) Outflow of the decontaminated air from the air outlet into the room.

In a further process step (E), the activated carbon can be freed from residues of existing particulate ferromagnetic materials after prolonged use by heating with the aid of inductive heating.

Another particular advantage of the device according to the invention is that it can be easily assembled using kits.

The kits contain straight or curved vertical profile struts, straight or curved horizontal profile struts, horizontal profile struts with holders for the vertically air-permeable canisters filled with particulate activated carbon, a horizontal air inlet grille for the air inlet, an air outlet grille for the air outlet, a horizontal cover for the air inlet , a horizontal base plate for the air outlet, an air outlet grille, vertical outer walls for the air inlet, vertical outer walls for the air outlet, vertically oriented outer walls for the pressure area, vertically oriented outer walls for the suction area, a fan with a bracket and electrical connections to a potentiometer a device plug and a fuse drawer with a device fuse as well as assembly aids and adapted tools for assembly, which are protected against damage in at least one shatterproof packaging .

In addition, the outside of the horizontal base plate can have plug-in devices for inserting enclosed, pivotable, fixable wheels or castors, or the wheels or castors are attached directly to the horizontal base plate. Alternatively, the outside of the horizontal floor panel can have slide rails.

character list

• 1 die Draufsicht auf eine perspektivische Darstellung einer Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung 1 für die Reinigung und die Desinfektion von Raumluft,
• 2 die Draufsicht auf eine perspektivische Darstellung einer weiteren Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung 1,
• 3 die Draufsicht auf die seitliche Ansicht der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung 1 gemäß der 1 von der Seite der Bedienungselemente 6; 7; 8 gesehen,
• 4 die Draufsicht auf die seitliche Ansicht der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung 1 gemäß der 1 von der Seite des Auslasses 5 für die Dekontaminierte Luft 5.1 gesehen,
• 5 die Draufsicht auf den vertikalen Längsschnitt längs der Achse A-A durch die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung 1 gemäß der 1,
• 6 die Draufsicht auf den horizontalen Querschnitt längs der Achse C-C durch die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung 1 gemäß der 1 mit Blick auf den Lüfter 9 von oben auf die Ansaugseite 9.1,
• 7 die Draufsicht auf eine perspektivische Darstellung noch einer dritten Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung 1 in der Form einer Trommel,
• 8 die Draufsicht auf die seitliche Ansicht der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung 1 in der Form einer Doppelpyramide oder eines Doppelkegels,
• 8a) die Draufsicht auf den quadratischen Grundriss 11 der Doppelpyramide gemäß der 8,
• 8b) die Draufsicht auf den kreisförmigen Grundriss 12 des Doppelkegels gemäß der 8,
• 9 die Draufsicht auf die seitliche Ansicht der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung 1 in der Form eines abgerundeten Doppelkegels,
• 10 die Draufsicht auf die seitliche Ansicht der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung 1 in der Form einer Sanduhrtrommel
• 10a) die Draufsicht auf den quadratischen Umriss 11 der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung 1 gemäß der 10,
• 10b) die Draufsicht auf den kreisförmigen Umriss 12 der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung 1 gemäß der 10 und
• 11 die Draufsicht auf das plane Ende eines horizontalen Profilelements 1.2 mit einer vertikalen Abschlusskante 1.1.1 zum Zusammenfügen mit einem weiteren horizontalen Profilelement 1.2 in einem Winkel von 90° als Träger und Verbindung von vertikalen, in einem Winkel von 90° aneinanderstoßende Wänden 1.6s; 1.6d, ohne ein vertikales Profilelement 1.1 zu benötigen.

the 1 until 11 serve to illustrate the structure of the device according to the invention and its mode of operation. They are therefore not drawn to scale, but instead emphasize their essential features. They are also to be construed as exemplary only and not limiting. It shows

• 1 the top view of a perspective representation of an embodiment of the device 1 according to the invention for cleaning and disinfecting room air,
• 2 the top view of a perspective representation of a further embodiment of the device 1 according to the invention,
• 3 the plan view of the side view of the device 1 according to the invention 1 from the side of the controls 6; 7; 8 seen
• 4 the plan view of the side view of the device 1 according to the invention 1 seen from the side of the outlet 5 for the decontaminated air 5.1,
• 5 the top view of the vertical longitudinal section along the axis AA through the inventive device 1 according to FIG 1 ,
• 6 the top view of the horizontal cross section along the axis CC through the inventive device 1 according to FIG 1 with a view of the fan 9 from above onto the intake side 9.1,
• 7 the top view of a perspective representation of a third embodiment of the device 1 according to the invention in the form of a drum,
• 8th the top view of the side view of the device 1 according to the invention in the form of a double pyramid or a double cone,
• 8a) the top view of the square plan 11 of the double pyramid according to 8th ,
• 8b) the top view of the circular outline 12 of the double cone according to FIG 8th ,
• 9 the top view of the side view of the device 1 according to the invention in the form of a rounded double cone,
• 10 the top view of the side view of the device 1 according to the invention in the form of an hourglass drum
• 10a) the plan view of the square outline 11 of the device 1 according to the invention 10 ,
• 10b) the top view of the circular outline 12 of the device 1 according to the invention according to FIG 10 and
• 11 the plan view of the flat end of a horizontal profile element 1.2 with a vertical closing edge 1.1.1 for joining with another horizontal profile element 1.2 at an angle of 90° as a carrier and connection of vertical walls 1.6s abutting at an angle of 90°; 1.6d without needing a vertical profile element 1.1.

1

Mobile Vorrichtung für die Reinigung und Desinfizierung von Raumluft

1.1

Vertikale Profiistrebe

1.1.1

Vertikale Abschlusskante

1.2

Horizontale Profilstrebe

1.2.1

Horizontale Profilstrebe mit der Halterung für den luftdurchlässigen Behälter 2; 3; für partikuläre Pflanzenkohle 2.1; 3.1

1.2.2

mit vier Profilstreben 1.2 verbundene Halterung für den Ventilator 9

1.2.3

Befestigungselement

1.2.4

Vertikale Steckverbindung

1.2.5

Horizontale Steckverbindung

1.2.6

Vertikale bündige Kante

1.3

Lufteinlass

1.3.1

Horizontales Lufteinlassgitter

1.4

Luftauslass

1.5e

Horizontale Abdeckung des Lufteinlasses 1.3,

1.5ei

Innenseite der horizontalen Abdeckung 1.5e

1.5a

Horizontale Bodenplatte des Luftauslasses 1.4

1.5ai

Innenseite der horizontalen Bodenplatte 1.5a

1.6a

Vertikale Außenwand des Luftauslasses 1.4

1.6c

Vertikale Außenwand zur seitlichen Abdeckung des luftdurchlässigen Behälters 2; 3; 2.1; 3.1

1.6d

Vertikale Außenwand des Druckbereichs D

1.6e

Vertikale Außenwand des Lufteinlasses 1.3

1.6ei

Innenseite der vertikalen Außenwand 1.6e

1.6s

Vertikale Außenwand des Saugbereichs S

2

Luftdurchlässiger Behälter für die partikuläre Pflanzenkohle 2.1

2.1

Partikuläre Pflanzenkohle

2.2

Untere Halterung für den luftdurchlässigen Behälter 2

3

Luftdurchlässiger Behälter für die partikuläre Pflanzenkohle 3.1

3.1

Partikuläre Pflanzenkohle

3.2

Untere Halterung für den luftdurchlässigen Behälter 3

3.3

Luftauslassgitter

4

Angesaugte kontaminierte Luft

4.1

Strömungsrichtung

5

Ausströmende dekontaminierte Luft

5.1

Strömungsrichtung

6

Potentiometer

7

Gerätestecker

8

Sicherungsschublade mit Gerätesicherung

9

Ventilator

9.1

Luftansaugseite

9.2

Luftausstoßseite

10

Umlaufende, lösbare Verbindungsstelle

11

Quadratischen Umriss

12

Kreisförmiger Umriss

13

Standfuß

A-A

Längsachse, vertikale Schnittlinie

C-C

Horizontale Schnittlinie

D

Druckbereich

S

Saugbereich

In the 1 until 11 the reference symbols have the following meaning:

1

Mobile device for cleaning and disinfecting indoor air

1.1

Vertical profile brace

1.1.1

Vertical finishing edge

1.2

Horizontal profile brace

1.2.1

Horizontal profile strut with the holder for the air-permeable container 2; 3; for particulate biochar 2.1; 3.1

1.2.2

with four profile struts 1.2 connected bracket for the fan 9

1.2.3

fastener

1.2.4

Vertical connector

1.2.5

Horizontal connector

1.2.6

Vertical flush edge

1.3

air intake

1.3.1

Horizontal air intake grille

1.4

air outlet

1.5e

Horizontal cover of the air intake 1.3,

1.5ei

Inside of horizontal cover 1.5e

1.5a

Horizontal bottom plate of the air outlet 1.4

1.5ai

Inside of the horizontal base plate 1.5a

1.6a

Vertical outer wall of the air outlet 1.4

1.6c

Vertical outer wall to laterally cover the air-permeable container 2; 3; 2.1; 3.1

1.6d

Vertical outer wall of print area D

1.6e

Vertical outer wall of the air inlet 1.3

1.6ei

Inside of the vertical outer wall 1.6e

1.6s

Vertical outer wall of the suction area S

2

Air-permeable container for the particulate biochar 2.1

2.1

Particulate biochar

2.2

Lower bracket for the air-permeable tank 2

3

Air-permeable container for the particulate biochar 3.1

3.1

Particulate biochar

3.2

Lower bracket for the air-permeable container 3

3.3

air outlet grille

4

Intake contaminated air

4.1

flow direction

5

Discharged decontaminated air

5.1

flow direction

6

potentiometer

7

device connector

8th

Fuse drawer with device fuse

9

fan

9.1

air intake side

9.2

air ejection side

10

Circumferential, detachable connection point

11

Square outline

12

Circular outline

13

stand

aa

Long axis, vertical cutting line

CC

Horizontal cutting line

D

print area

S

suction area

Detailed description of the figures

Figures 1, 3 to 6 and 11

The device of the invention 1 had the shape of a square vertical column with an external height of 2.5 m and a length of the horizontal external edges of 500 mm. The clear width of the interior was 460 mm. The vertical clear widths of the air inlet 1.3 and the air outlet 1.4 were 255 mm, whereas the horizontal clear widths of the air inlet 1.3 and the air outlet 1.4 were also 460 mm. The height of the containers 2; 2.1 and 3; 3.1 were 170 mm. They combined about 80 l of particulate biochar with an internal BET surface area of 350 m ² /g, a high capillary density, a pH value of 8 to 8.7 and an H/C ratio of <0.6 in accordance with the guideline of the European Biochar Certificate. A biochar that meets these specifications is described in the company publication of LUCRAT® GmbH Energy-Dezentral 2018 / Eurotier. The particulate biochar had a Sauter diameter of 6.5. The two containers 2; 3 each consisted of a close-meshed wire net whose horizontal sides had a mesh size of 2 mm, whereas the circumferential vertical sides were more closely-meshed and were pressed flush against the insides of the outer walls 16c. The suction area below the container 2 and above the suction side 9.1 of the fan 9 had a height of 137 mm. The EC radial module - RadiCal® from ebm-papst Mulfingen GmbH & Co. KG was used as the fan 9 .

The vertical profile struts 1.1, the horizontal profile struts 1.2, the horizontal profile struts 1.2.1 with the brackets for the air-permeable container 2; 3 for the particulate biochars 2.1; 3.1 and the four profile struts 1.2 for the bracket 1.2.2 of the fan 9 and the vertical profile struts 1.1 were appropriately dimensioned, anodized aluminum profiles that were designed so that they connected directly to each other at their ends, for example with the horizontal and vertical connectors 1.2.4 ; 1.2.5, or could be connected to form a supporting framework using spacers made of anodised aluminum or engineering plastics. They also had recesses for receiving the horizontal cover 1.5e of the air inlet 1.3, the horizontal bottom plate 1.5a of the air outlet 1.4, the two vertical outer walls 1.6e of the air inlet 1.3, the two vertical outer walls 1.6a of the air outlet 1.4, the long and short vertical Outer walls 1.6s of the suction area S, the vertical outer walls 1.6c for the lateral cover of the air-permeable container 2; 3, 2.1; 3.1 and the outer walls 1.6d of the pressure area D.

The exterior walls listed above consisted of light gray con-pearl® polypropylene twin-wall panels from con-pearl GmbH with a thickness of 20 mm. The volume ratio of S/D was 1.86:1. The air inlet grille 1.3 was made of polypropylene. The air inlet 1.3 and the air outlet 1.4 was arranged in such a way that the directions of flow 4.1; 5.1 of the contaminated air flow 4 and the decontaminated air flow 5 formed an angle of 90°.

The effect of the device was tested with a sample aerosol containing influenza viruses as contaminated air 4 . It was found that the concentration of influenza viruses in the outflowing decontaminated air was 5 below the detection limits.

figure 2

The embodiment of the device 1 according to the invention 5 corresponded essentially to the construction of the device 1 according to the invention 1 and 3 until 6 and 11 only that the container 2; 2.1; 1.6c was arranged directly below the horizontal air inlet grille 1.3.1 and that the particulate biochar 3.1 in the container 3 was homogeneously mixed with 5% by volume of ferromagnetic permalloy particles with an average particle size of 1 mm determined by sieve analysis. After an operating time of 500 hours, the particulate biochar 3.1 was heated to about 80° C. by the induction-heated ferromagnetic permalloy particles, as a result of which the bed in the container 3 was freed from organic remains of the influenza virus.

Alternatively, the fill in container 3 could be sterilized using electric heating rods, heating coils, infrared radiators and/or hot air blowers.

Otherwise, the device 1 according to the invention had 5 the same advantageously high effectiveness as the inventive device 1 of 1 on.

figure 7

The embodiment of the device 1 according to the invention 7 corresponded in their structure their function to the devices of the invention 1 and 2 only that the device 1 of the invention 7 the shape of a drum whose circular components were held together by detachable plug connections 10 and that the outer walls 1.5e; 1.5a, 1.6a, 1.6c; 1.6d; 1.6e and 1.6s were made of oak with a wall thickness of 1 cm. The same high level of effectiveness was achieved with this device 1 according to the invention as with the device 1 according to the invention according to FIG 1 .

Figure 8, 8a) and 8b)

The embodiment of the device 1 according to the invention 8th corresponded in structure and function to the devices according to the invention 1 , 2 and 7 only that the device 1 of the invention 7 the external shape of a square double pyramid (outline 11) and the cover 1.5e of the air inlet 1.3 had the shape of a pyramid and that it had a base 13. The outer walls 1.5e; 1.5a, 1.6a, 1.6c; 1.6d; 1.6e and 1.6s were made of beech wood with a wall thickness of 1.2 cm and were held together by detachable plug connections.

In a further embodiment, the device according to the invention had 7 the outer form of a double pyramid with a circular ground plan 12, the components of which were held together by bayonet catches.

The same high level of effectiveness was achieved with these two devices 1 according to the invention as with the devices 1 according to the invention 1 and 2 .

figure 9

The embodiment of the device 1 according to the invention 9 corresponded in structure and function to the devices according to the invention 1 , 2 and 7 only that the device 1 of the invention 9 the outer shape of a rounded double cone and the cover 1.5e of the air inlet 1.3 had the shape of a spherical segment and that it had a base 13. The outer walls 1.5e; 1.5a, 1.6a, 1.6c; 1.6d; 1.6e and 1.6s were made of the thermoplastic, disinfectable high-performance polysulfone PSU with a wall thickness of 1.2 cm and were held together by detachable screw connections. The use of the high-performance plastic had the significant advantage that the particulate activated carbon 3.1//permalloy mixture in container 3 could be heated to 150°C.

The same high level of effectiveness was achieved with this device 1 according to the invention as with the devices 1 according to the invention described above.

Figure 10, 10a) and 10b)

The embodiment of the device 1 according to the invention 10 corresponded in structure and function to the devices according to the invention 1 , 2 , 7 , 8th and 9 only that the devices according to the invention 1 of 10 had the external shape of a square hourglass drum (outline 11) or a round hourglass drum (outline 12) and the covers 1.5e of the air inlet 1.3 were therefore flat. The outer walls 1.5e; 1.5a, 1.6a, 1.6c; 1.6d; 1.6e and 1.6s were made of ash wood with a wall thickness of 1.2 cm and were held together by detachable plug connections.

The same high level of effectiveness was achieved with these two devices 1 according to the invention as with the devices 1 according to the invention described above.

annotation

The hardwood exterior walls were finished with a clear wood finish to protect the wood while accentuating the grain of the wood for particularly beautiful aesthetic effects.

QUOTES INCLUDED IN DESCRIPTION

This list of documents cited by the applicant was generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Patent Literature Cited

• DE 102014100850 B4 [0056]
• DE 102014100849 A1 [0056]
• US6020369 [0082]
• US7097858B2 [0083]
• DE 102005055815 A [0096]
• DE 102005035103 A1 [0096]
• DE 10325050 A1 [0096]
• WO 03/029329 A2 [0096]
• WO 2004/052340 A1 [0096]
• WO 2004/084627 A2 [0096]
• WO 2005/017252 A1 [0096, 0106]
• WO 2005/017001 A1 [0096]
• WO 2005/023873 A1 [0096]
• WO 2006/116126 A2 [0096]
• WO 2007/057253 A2 [0096]
• WO 2007/085624 A1 [0096]
• US 2007/0006774 A1 [0096]
• WO 2007/057235 A2 [0106]
• EP 0847965 B1 [0128]
• DE 697312168 T2 [0128]

Claims (21)

Mobile device (1) for cleaning and decontamination of room air, comprising - A suction area S delimited by vertically aligned outer walls (1.6s). (i) an air inlet (1.3) arranged at the top for the contaminated room air (4), (ii) at least one horizontally arranged container (2) for particulate activated carbon (2.1) which is flush with the inside of the outer walls (1.6s) and is air-permeable in the vertical direction and has at least one lower holder (2.2) and (iii) an air intake side (9.1) arranged underneath at least one fan (9) held by at least one holder (1.2.2) and - A pressure area D delimited by vertically aligned outer walls (1.6d). (iv) an air discharge side (9.2) below the at least one fan (9) for the pressure build-up, (v) at least one horizontally arranged container (3) which is flush with the inside of the outer walls (1.6d) and is air-permeable in the vertical direction for particulate activated carbon (3.1) with at least one lower holder (3.2) and (vi) an air outlet (1.4) arranged below for the decontaminated room air (5). Mobile device (1) after claim 1 , characterized in that the air inlet (1.3) and the air outlet (1.4) are arranged in such a way that the flow direction (4.1) of the inflowing contaminated room air (4) and the flow direction (5.1) of the outflowing decontaminated room air (5) form an angle of 90° and/or that the at least one fan (9) has a volume flow display via differential pressure measurement through overpressure cannulas and vacuum cannulas. Mobile device (1) after claim 1 or 2 , characterized in that the vertically aligned outer walls (1.6s; 1.6d) are flat, rectangular plates (1.6s; 1.6d), flat plates (1.6s; 1.6d) which together form a truncated pyramid, or convexly curved plates (1.6s ; 1.6d), which together form a truncated cone or hemispherical shell with an upper and lower concentric opening, respectively. Mobile device (1) according to one of Claims 1 until 3 characterized in that the flat rectangular plates (1.6s; 1.6d), the flat plates (1.6s; 1.6d), which together form a truncated pyramid, or convex curved plates (1.6s; 1.6d), which together form a truncated cone or form a hemispherical shell with an upper or lower concentric opening, are joined together by (i) vertical and horizontal, straight or curved profile struts (1.1; 1.2) and/or (ii) plug-in connections (1.2.4; 1.2.5). Mobile device (1) after claim 3 or 4 , characterized in that the plates and the profile struts (1.1; 1.2) and/or the connectors (1.2.4; 1.2.5) are made from materials selected from the group consisting of metals, plastics, fiber-reinforced plastics, nanoparticle-reinforced plastics and wood , are constructed. Mobile device (1) according to one of Claims 1 until 5 , characterized in that the at least one horizontally arranged, vertically air-permeable container (2) for particulate activated carbon (2.1) and the at least one horizontally arranged, vertically air-permeable container (3) for particulate activated carbon (3.1) metal wire meshes (2; 3), plastic wire nets (2; 3) and/or textile nets (2; 3) with a vertical, circumferential, fitting, airtight wall. Mobile device (1) according to one of Claims 1 until 6 , characterized in that the particulate activated carbon (2.1; 3.1) has a Sauter diameter of 3 to 16 mm. Mobile device (1) according to one of Claims 1 until 7 , characterized in that the particulate activated carbon (2.1; 3.1) is vegetable carbon. Mobile device (1) after claim 8 , characterized in that the particulate biochar (2.1; 3.1) has an internal BET surface of at least 300 m ² / g, particularly preferably at least 500 m ² / g, a high capillary density, a pH of 8 to 8.7 and has an H/C ratio <0.7, preferably <0.6 and especially <0.5 according to the European Biochar Certificate guideline. Mobile device (1) according to one of Claims 1 until 9 , characterized in that in the activated carbon (2.1) and / or (3.1) at least one particulate ferromagnetic material selected from the Group consisting of iron, nickel, ruthenium in the metastable body-centered tetragonal phase, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, AINiCo, SmCo, Nd ₂ Fe ₁₄ B, Ni ₈₀ Fe ₂₀ ("permalloy"), NiFeCo alloys ( mumetal), chromium dioxide, manganese arsenide, europium(II) oxide and Heusler alloys, is homogeneously distributed. Mobile device (1) after claim 10 , characterized in that the mixture of activated carbon (2.1) and/or (3.1) // ferromagnetic material can be heated by electrical induction. Mobile device (1) according to one of Claims 1 until 11 , characterized in that the activated carbon (2.1) contains at least one biocide in an amount which only slightly reduces the absorption and/or adsorption capacity of the activated carbon (2.1) and/or absorbs it. Mobile device (1) after claim 12 , characterized in that the at least one biocide is a virucidal disinfectant from the group consisting of benzalkonium chloride, didecyldimethylammonium chloride, mecetronium etilsulfate, dodecyltriphenylphosphonium bromide, tributyltetradecylphosphonium chloride, chlorhexidine, hexachlorophene, bromochlorophene, polihexanide, triclosan, glutardialdehyde, surfactants, biphenyl-2 -ol, citric acid, lactic acid, acetic acid, ethanol, propanol and isopropanol. Mobile device (1) according to one of Claims 1 until 13 , characterized in that the volume ratio of the suction area S to the pressure area D is equal to 4:1 to 1:4. Mobile device (1) according to one of Claims 1 until 14 , characterized in that it has on the outside of the horizontal base plate (15a) fixable, pivotable running wheels or rollers or parallel slide rails. Kit for assembling a mobile device (1) for cleaning and disinfecting indoor air according to one of Claims 1 until 15 , comprising straight or curved vertical profile struts (1.1), straight or curved horizontal profile struts (1.2), horizontal profile struts with holders (2.2; 3.2) for the containers (2; 2.1; 3; 3.1) which are air-permeable in the vertical direction and filled with particulate activated carbon , a horizontal air inlet grille (1.3.1) for the air inlet (1.3), an air outlet grille (3.3) for the air outlet (1.4), a horizontal cover (1.5e) for the air inlet (1.3), a horizontal base plate (1.5) for the Air outlet (1.4), an air outlet grille (3.3), vertical outer walls (1.6e) for the air inlet (1.4), vertical outer walls (1.6a) for the air outlet (1.4), vertical outer walls (1.6c) for the side cover of the containers ( 2; 3), vertically aligned outer walls (1.6d) for the pressure area D, vertically aligned outer walls (1.6s) for the suction area S, at least one fan (9) with a holder (1.2.2) and electrical connections to a potentiometer (6), a device plug (7) and a fuse drawer (8) with a device fuse as well as assembly aids and adapted tools for assembly in at least one unbreakable packaging. kit after Claim 16 , characterized in that the outside of the horizontal base plate (1.5) has plug-in devices for plugging in enclosed, pivotable, fixable and running wheels or running wheels. Method for cleaning and disinfecting room air, comprising the method steps (A) providing and commissioning a device (1) according to one of Claims 1 until 15 , (B) sucking in contaminated room air through the air inlet (4) and sucking the contaminated room air through the suction area S and through at least one horizontally arranged container (2), which is only permeable in the vertical direction and filled with particulate activated carbon (2.1) with the aid of the at least a ventilator (9) in its intake side (9.1), (C) ejection of the air with the aid of the at least one ventilator (9) through its exhaust side (9.2) through the pressure area D and through at least one horizontally arranged ventilator which is only permeable in the vertical direction container (2) filled with particulate activated carbon (3.1) and (D) the decontaminated air (5) flowing out of the air outlet (1.4) into the room. procedure after Claim 18 , characterized in that (E) after prolonged use, residues are removed from the activated carbon (2.1; 3.1) by heating with the aid of inductive heating of the particulate ferromagnetic materials present and/or by heating with infrared rays, electric heating rods, heating coils and/or hot air blowers. Process 18 or 19, characterized in that the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are reduced by binding the biochar (2.1; 3.1) in the device (1) for up to 19 years and/or by recycling and reusing the biochar ( 2.1; 3.1) effectively reduced and/or made the electricity consumption of at least one axial fan carbon dioxide-neutral by replacing it after 19 years. Use of the mobile device (1) according to one of Claims 1 until 15 and the method according to any one of claims 18 until 20 for the elimination of free or aerosol-bound bacteria, viruses, virions and other noxae in the air of living rooms, sick rooms, operating theatres, treatment rooms in medical practices and physiotherapy facilities, laboratories of all kinds, pubs, restaurants, bistros, hotel rooms, classrooms, classrooms, fitness centers , trains, cars, buses, taxis, caravans, mobile homes, camping tents, airplanes, ship cabins, offices, conference rooms, meeting rooms, theaters, cinemas, ship terminals, train stations, airport terminals, elevators, workshops, factory buildings, stairwells, and shops of all kinds and as lamps and furniture components.

Images