DE102024102308A1 - Drive shaft for several support elements of an elevator system - Google Patents

Abstract

The following embodiments relate to a drive shaft (1.1, 1.2, 1.3) for a plurality of support means (24.1, ..., 24.4) of an elevator system (20), comprising: at least one drive section (10) for the rotationally fixed coupling of a drive device (23) and at least two support means sections (2.1, ..., 2.6), each with circumferential contact surfaces (3.1, ..., 3.6) for receiving and driving support means (24.1, ..., 24.4) of the elevator system (20), wherein the support means sections (2.1, ..., 2.6) are each formed on different shaft elements (5.1, 5.2, 5.3) which are detachably connected to one another in a centered and rotationally fixed manner to form the drive shaft (1.1, 1.2, 1.3). The following statements further relate to an elevator installation (20) having such a drive shaft (1.1, 1.2, 1.3).

Description

technical field

The following explanations concern a drive shaft for several support elements of an elevator system.

Furthermore, the following embodiments relate to an elevator system with at least one elevator shaft, at least one elevator car, several support means and an aforementioned drive shaft for receiving and driving the support means.

Technical Background

Elevator systems for the vertical transport of people and/or goods are an integral part of modern residential and commercial buildings. A typical elevator system comprises one or more elevator shafts in which one or more elevator cars are moved between landing positions by means of drives such as suspension drives or linear drives.

In known suspension drives, ropes are often used as the suspension means, which are held and driven by traction sheaves, with the traction sheaves being held on drive shafts. Due to the comparatively low tolerance of ropes to alternating bending, such traction sheaves are usually designed with a relatively large diameter. Alternatively, chains are also used as the suspension means, which rely on relatively complex gears held on the drive shaft for holding and driving.

In order to avoid the disadvantages of the aforementioned support means, it is already known to use belts as support means, which can be held and driven on a contact surface of a much smaller diameter due to the significantly greater tolerance to alternating bending. In particular, such a contact surface can also be formed directly on the drive shaft in a technically sensible manner thanks to the small diameter. The disadvantage, however, is that drive shafts with contact surfaces provided directly on them are complex and therefore expensive to manufacture. In particular, it is usually necessary to adapt the drive shaft to a specific design and installation situation in an elevator system, including with regard to the axial extension and the axial distances between individual shaft sections, so that the drive shaft is particularly expensive as a custom-made product for a specific elevator system.

Out of DE 102019 120 992 A1 For example, ammunition lifts or provisions lifts for ships are known, with which goods such as ammunition or provisions can be moved within a ship and which have a belt-like pulling device.

Description - Technical Solution

Based on this situation, one of the tasks at hand is to simplify the drive shaft, in particular to simplify the manufacture of a drive shaft, in elevator systems with support means directly attached to the drive shaft.

The present object is solved by the features of the independent main claims. Advantageous embodiments are specified in the subclaims. If technically possible, the teachings of the subclaims can be combined as desired with the teachings of the main and subclaims.

In particular, the object is accordingly achieved by a drive shaft for a plurality of support means of an elevator system, comprising: at least one drive section for the rotationally fixed coupling of a drive device and at least two support means sections, each with circumferential contact surfaces for receiving and driving support means of the elevator system, wherein the support means sections are each formed on different shaft elements which are detachably connected to one another in a centered and rotationally fixed manner to form the drive shaft.

Advantageous aspects are explained below and preferred modified embodiments are described further below. Explanations, in particular regarding advantages and definitions of features, are basically descriptive and preferred, but not limiting examples. If an explanation is limiting, this is expressly mentioned.

If ordinal numbers ("first", "second", etc.) are used, for example to designate a component, an element, a process step or a process action, these ordinal numbers are intended purely for differentiation in the designation and do not indicate any dependencies or sequences. This means in particular that, for example, a device does not have to have a "first component" in order to have a "second component". A device can also have a "first component" and a "third component" without necessarily having a "second component". Several units of the same ordinal number can also be provided, for example several "first components".

A drive shaft is a rotating, elongated machine element, particularly with circular cross-sections, which is used to transmit rotary movements and torques. In particular, a drive shaft has a greater axial extension than radial and is therefore essentially cylindrical. In an elevator system, the rotary movement or torque is transmitted between a drive device of the elevator system and the support means attached to a car. A drive shaft is usually supported by at least two pivot bearings. When torques are transmitted, the drive shaft is subjected to torsion.

A support means is generally designed as a belt, strap, rope, chain or the like and carries tensile loads in the direction of its longitudinal extension. Insofar as the present disclosure mainly relates to support means that are directly attached to the drive shaft, i.e. for which a force or torque-transmitting surface is formed on a surface of the shaft, these are designed in particular as belts, for example as flat belts, V-belts or toothed belts, or as belts. A belt is characterized in particular by the fact that it has a flat cross-section.

According to the present understanding, an elevator system is designed, for example, with at least one vertical elevator shaft and at least one car, but can also have several elevator shafts, in particular several parallel vertical elevator shafts, and/or several cars, in particular several cars in one elevator shaft. A car is held on a first side by the drive shaft by means of the support means and driven via the support means, wherein a drive device transmits the drive torque to the support means via the drive shaft. The support means is further preferably connected on a second side by the drive shaft by means of the support means to a counterweight assigned to the car. A drive device is arranged in particular in a machine room above the elevator shaft or the elevator shafts or in an upper section of an elevator shaft, the so-called shaft head.

A drive section is designed in particular to engage a drive device with a corresponding geometry, for example with teeth, a wedge or with a non-circular geometry, and can be inserted, for example, into a corresponding receptacle of the drive device. A rotationally fixed connection is understood to mean that a rotational movement or torque can be transmitted via the connection in a substantially wear-free and play-free manner. The drive section can also be indirectly connected to the drive device via a gear. A drive device can be, for example, an electric machine, a pneumatic machine or a hydraulic machine. A drive section can be designed with at least one support means section on the same shaft element or can also be provided on a further shaft element without a support means section provided thereon, in particular on a shaft element without any further section.

A support element section has a contact surface, in particular over an axial extension that corresponds to a width of a support element, on which the support element can be held and driven in a rotationally fixed manner for the expected drive loads. Depending on the support element, the rotational stability can be achieved, for example, by positive locking or friction locking. The contact surface is, for example, machined and/or shaped accordingly, i.e. has, for example, corresponding surface qualities or geometries. For a flat belt, the contact surface can be cylindrical or convex in particular. The support element wraps around the support element section and rests on the contact surface along a wrap angle.

Insofar as the drive shaft has at least two support means sections, these are, for example, support means sections for support means connected to the same car in a redundant manner. However, it is also and particularly within the meaning of the present disclosure that the at least two support means sections are provided for support means connected to different cars, which are held by the same drive shaft and driven synchronously.

A shaft element forms part of the shaft, so that the shaft is the totality of the shaft elements connected to one another. A shaft element differs from a component mounted on the shaft in particular in that it is involved in the transmission of the rotary motion or torque along the shaft over the essential part of its radial extension, i.e. it is exposed to a torsional load, and in particular it fits into the elongated geometric shape of the shaft. Insofar as two shaft elements are connected to one another in a centered manner, their axes of symmetry are coaxially aligned due to the connection.

The solution to the problem described above with a drive shaft now includes the teaching that for drive shafts with several support sections, these can be modularly constructed from several shaft elements elements. The shaft elements can then be designed as essentially standardized components, in particular as a limited number of different standardized components, and can be assembled to form an individual drive shaft depending on the design and installation situation of an elevator system. Consequently, the teaching disclosed here can be used to form drive shafts with a different number of support element sections and different axial extensions and axial distances between the support element sections without each having to be custom-made. The drive shaft is therefore designed to be simpler overall and, thanks to the standardization of the shaft elements, can be manufactured more easily and cost-effectively than known drive shafts.

As an alternative to the features described above or in a preferred embodiment of the above, it is provided that the circumferential contact surfaces are designed for the frictional and/or positive reception of support means of the elevator system designed as belts, in particular for the frictional reception of flat belts. The contact surface is in particular cylindrical for a flat belt or slightly convex for guiding the belt and has an axial extension corresponding to the width of the support means. To guide a toothed or V-belt, for example, the contact surface is contoured or toothed in a corresponding embodiment. With a belt, particularly small shaft diameters can be achieved due to its relatively high tolerance to alternating bending, so that the drive shaft can be designed to be compact and thus space-saving. Such a drive shaft is particularly suitable for being arranged in a cramped shaft head in an elevator system without a machine room.

As an alternative to the features described above or in a preferred embodiment of the above, it is provided that the shaft elements are each designed as one-piece shaft sections. A one-piece shaft section is understood to mean that the entire cross section of the shaft in the area of the shaft element is formed by the shaft element. The shaft sections are, for example, shaft stumps that together form the shaft. The shaft can then be particularly advantageously designed from relatively few parts, whereby the transmission of the rotary movement or the torque between the shaft sections can be provided by simple means, for example by a coupling or another type of axial positive or non-positive connection.

In a preferred embodiment of what has been described immediately above, it is provided that the shaft sections have centering pin receptacles for centering against each other, or a shaft section has a centering pin receptacle and a corresponding shaft section forms a centering pin. A centering pin can be inserted into a centering pin receptacle with a fit that is sufficiently precise to center the shaft elements against each other. The centering pin can be a separate component that is inserted into a centering pin receptacle of one of the shaft elements before the shaft elements are connected, or the centering pin is designed as a shoulder on a shaft section, in particular with a tolerance that is sufficiently small for centering. The centering pin receptacles enable the shaft sections to be easily centered against each other in a coaxial manner.

As an alternative to the features described immediately above or in a preferred embodiment of the immediately above, it is provided that the shaft sections form a claw coupling for the rotationally fixed connection to one another. Claw elements are then provided on the shaft sections, particularly in the area of an outer diameter, which can be arranged alternately with one another and engage with one another in the circumferential direction, which form a collar (also referred to as a rim) in a composite drive shaft, for example. In particular, the collar also serves to axially limit one or more contact surfaces of the support means sections. The claw coupling enables high torques to be transmitted easily and safely between the shaft sections.

As an alternative to the features described above or in a preferred embodiment of the above, it is provided that the shaft elements are each designed as shaft rings for sliding onto a continuous shaft core. In contrast to a shaft section, a shaft ring has a central receptacle for the shaft core and only optionally means for transmitting the rotary movement or torque to an adjacent shaft element. The shaft core is preferably designed with a simple geometry over a significant part of the axial extension or the entire axial extension of the drive shaft and transmits the rotary movement or torque in the axial direction. By providing a shaft core, it is achieved that a part of the shaft, namely the part formed by the shaft core, can extend over greater axial lengths than a shaft element and thus a particularly reliable transmission of a rotary movement or a torque along the axial extension of the drive shaft is achieved.

In a preferred embodiment of what has been described above, the shaft rings form a rotationally fixed positive connection with the shaft core. A positive connection enables the rotational movement or torque to be transmitted easily and safely from the shaft core to a shaft ring.

As an alternative to the features described above or in a preferred embodiment of the above, it is provided that at least one support element section extends axially over the entire shaft element. The shaft element therefore only provides the support element section and no further sections of the drive shaft and in this way enables particularly flexible positioning of the support element section on or in the drive shaft.

As an alternative to the features described above or in a preferred embodiment of the above, it is provided that at least one shaft element has several support means sections. In particular, a shaft element can have several support means sections, but without having further sections of the drive shaft beyond the several support means sections. Such a design is particularly advantageous where several support means are regularly driven next to one another, for example in the case of redundant support means of the same elevator car that are guided parallel to one another. By providing several support means sections on the same shaft element, the number of shaft elements for producing the drive shaft is advantageously reduced compared to a shaft with one shaft element per support means section.

As an alternative to the features described above or in a preferred embodiment of the above, it is provided that the drive shaft has at least one spacer section for bridging a distance between two support means sections, wherein the spacer section is in particular assigned to a further shaft element. A spacer section is therefore designed as a spacer, for example, and can be particularly simple in its geometry, for example simply cylindrical. A spacer section can be manufactured, for example, as a semi-finished product of a certain length and then cut to the required distance during the manufacture of the respective drive shaft. By providing a spacer section, the drive shaft can advantageously be easily individually adapted to a particular design and installation situation of an elevator system.

As an alternative to the features described above or in a preferred embodiment of the above, it is provided that at least one shaft element has a support element section and the drive section or a support element section and a bearing section for receiving a shaft bearing. A bearing section is in particular provided and designed so that a roller bearing is joined or held thereon. In this way, for corresponding elevator systems in which arrangements of support element sections to drive sections or bearing sections are repeated, the number of individual parts for producing the drive shaft can advantageously be kept low. The drive section or bearing section can advantageously be designed with a sufficient length to select or adjust the distance of the support element section or sections to a drive device or to a shaft bearing within a certain range. A bearing section can also be provided on another shaft element without a support element section provided thereon, in particular on a shaft element without any other section.

The object is further achieved by an elevator system, comprising: at least one vertically extending elevator shaft, at least one elevator car that can be moved along the elevator shaft and a plurality of support means assigned to one or more elevator cars, wherein the plurality of support means are driven together via a drive shaft according to one of the preceding claims by means of a drive device coupled to the drive section.

The above solution to the problem with an elevator system includes the teaching that the drive shaft is designed as a drive shaft as described above and the advantages described above are therefore transferred to the elevator system accordingly. The elevator system is therefore particularly simple in design and can be manufactured easily and inexpensively.

In a preferred embodiment of what has been described above, the multiple support means are designed as belts, in particular as flat belts, and each frictionally wrap around the drive shaft in a support means section. In this way, the drive shaft can be designed with a particularly small diameter and the elevator system can therefore be designed particularly compactly. In particular, the compact design enables the drive shaft and/or the drive device to be provided in a cramped shaft head.

As an alternative to the features described immediately above or in a preferred embodiment of the features described immediately above, it is provided that at least two elevator cars are arranged one above the other in the elevator shaft as a double-decker. The support means of the elevator cars are then driven synchronously by means of the same drive shaft, for which purpose the drive shaft has several support means sections assigned to the respective support means. The advantages described above with regard to the drive shaft can then be achieved or used to a particular extent in the elevator system.

Short description of the drawings

A preferred technical solution is explained in more detail below with reference to the attached drawings using preferred embodiments. The wording “figure” is abbreviated to “Fig.” in the drawings.

• 1a eine perspektivische Ansicht mehrerer Wellenelemente einer Antriebswelle für eine Aufzugsanlage in einer ersten Ausführungsform mit drei Tragmittelabschnitten;
• 1b eine Explosionsdarstellung der Wellenelemente gemäß 1a;
• 1c eine Schnittansicht durch die Wellenelemente gemäß 1a bzw. gemäß 1b;
• 2 eine Explosionsdarstellung einer Antriebswelle für eine Aufzugsanlage in einer zweiten Ausführungsform mit sechs Tragmittelabschnitten; und
• 3 eine stark schematische Darstellung einer Aufzugsanlage.

The drawings show

• 1a a perspective view of several shaft elements of a drive shaft for an elevator installation in a first embodiment with three support means sections;
• 1b an exploded view of the shaft elements according to 1a ;
• 1c a sectional view through the shaft elements according to 1a or according to 1b ;
• 2 an exploded view of a drive shaft for an elevator system in a second embodiment with six support sections; and
• 3 a highly schematic representation of an elevator system.

Detailed description of the drawings

The embodiments described are merely examples that can be modified and/or supplemented in many ways within the scope of the claims. Each feature described for a specific embodiment can be used independently or in combination with other features in any other embodiment. Each feature described for an embodiment of a specific claim category can also be used in a corresponding manner in an embodiment of another claim category.

The 1a , 1b and 1c show a section of a drive shaft 1.1 for several support means (not shown) according to a first embodiment. The drive shaft 1.1 has a first support means section 2.1 for receiving and driving a first support means, a second support means section 2.2 for receiving and driving a second support means and a third support means section 2.3 for receiving and driving a third support means. The support means sections 2.1, 2.2, 2.3 each have contact surfaces 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, which, as shown in particular in 1c As can be seen, they are slightly convex to guide the support elements.

The support element sections 2.1, 2.2, 2.2 are each arranged on shaft elements 5.1, 5.2, 5.3 designed as shaft sections, as shown in particular in the 1b and 1c shown. The shaft elements 5.1, 5.2, 5.3 each have claws 6 that correspond to one another and by means of which they form claw couplings 7. The shaft elements 5.1, 5.2, 5.3 are connected to one another in a rotationally fixed manner via the claw couplings 7. The claw couplings 7 also form collars 9 by means of which the respective support element sections 2.1, 2.2, 2.3 are limited in their extension along an axial direction A. At one axial end, the drive shaft 1.1 also has claws 4 for connecting the first shaft element 5.1 or the third shaft element 5.3 to further shaft elements, of which in particular at least one has a drive section.

As in particular in 1b and 1c As shown, the shaft elements 5.1, 5.2, 5.3 also have centering pin receptacles 8, with centering pins (not shown) inserted into the centering pin receptacles 8 aligning adjacent and axially adjacent shaft elements 5.1, 5.2, 5.3 coaxially with one another. The shaft elements 5.1, 5.2, 5.3 can be joined together to form the drive shaft 1.1 by means of the claw couplings 7 and the centering pin receptacles 8 or the centering pins.

2 shows a drive shaft 1.2 for several support means (not shown) according to a second embodiment, which corresponds to the drive shaft 1.1 in a number of features and is not explained again in this regard. The drive shaft 1.2 is formed from only two shaft elements 5.1, 5.2 designed as shaft sections, the first shaft element 5.1 having a brake section 11 designed as a toothed pin for coupling the drive shaft 1.1 to a brake and two support means sections 2.1, 2.2 for receiving and driving a first support means and a second support means (each not shown) with a collar 9 in between. The first shaft element 5.1 also has claws 6 for forming a claw coupling 7 with the second shaft element 5.2 and a (in the 2 concealed) centering pin holder 8.

The second shaft element 5.2 has a drive section 10 for coupling a drive device and four support means sections 2.3, 2.4, 2.5, 2.6 for receiving and driving a third support means, a fourth support means, a fifth support means and a sixth support means (each not shown) with collars 9 in between. The second shaft element 5.2 also has claws 6 for forming a claw coupling 7 with the first shaft element 5.1 and a centering pin receptacle 8.

The support element sections 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 2.5, 2.6 each have contact surfaces 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 3.5, 3.6, which are slightly convex to guide the support elements.

3 shows in a highly schematic representation an elevator system 20 with an elevator shaft 21 in which two elevator cars 22.1, 22.2 can be moved between landing positions not shown in detail. A drive device 23 is arranged in a shaft head 21.1, which is designed, for example, as an electric machine, pneumatic machine or hydraulic machine. A drive shaft 1.3 in a third embodiment is received on the drive device 23 via a drive section 10, which has four support means sections 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4 for receiving and driving a first support means 24.1, a second support means 24.2, a third support means 24.3 and a fourth support means 24.4. The support elements 24.1, 24.2, 24.3, 24.4 are designed as flat belts and are connected in pairs in a redundant manner to the two cars 22.1, 22.2 on a first side of the drive shaft 1.3 to drive them. The connection is shown in a highly simplified manner and can, for example, be designed in a known manner to correspond to a 1:1 suspension or a 1:2 suspension. Furthermore, the support elements 24.1, 24.2, 24.3, 24.4 are connected to counterweights on a second side of the drive shaft 1.3 in a manner not shown.

The drive shaft 1.3 has a first shaft element 5.1, which has the first support section 2.1, a second shaft element 5.2, which has the second support section 2.2, and a third shaft element 5.3, which has the third support section 2.3 and the fourth support section 2.4. The drive shaft 1.3 also has a brake section 11, on which the drive shaft 1.3 is received in a brake 25.

list of reference symbols

1.1

drive shaft

1.2

drive shaft

1.3

drive shaft

2.1

first suspension element section

2.2

second suspension element section

2.3

third suspension element section

2.4

fourth suspension element section

2.5

fifth suspension element section

2.6

sixth suspension element section

3.1

first contact surface

3.2

second contact surface

3.3

third contact surface

3.4

fourth contact surface

3.5

fifth investment area

3.6

sixth investment area

4

To steal

5.1

first wave element

5.2

second shaft element

5.3

third wave element

6

claw

7

claw coupling

8

centering pin holder

9

collar

10

drive section

11

braking section

20

elevator system

21

elevator shaft

21.1

shaft head of the elevator shaft

22.1

first elevator car

22.2

second car

23

drive device

24.1

first means of support

24.2

second support means

24.3

third load-bearing element

24.4

fourth load-bearing element

25

brake

A

axial direction

QUOTES INCLUDED IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of documents listed by the applicant was generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA accepts no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• DE 102019 120 992 A1 [0006]

Claims (14)

Drive shaft (1.1, 1.2, 1.3) for several support means (24.1, ..., 24.4) of an elevator system (20), comprising: at least one drive section (10) for the rotationally fixed coupling of a drive device (23); and at least two support means sections (2.1, ..., 2.6), each with circumferential contact surfaces (3.1, ..., 3.6) for receiving and driving support means (24.1, ..., 24.4) of the elevator system (20); wherein the support means sections (2.1, ..., 2.6) are each formed on different shaft elements (5.1, 5.2, 5.3) which are detachably connected to one another in a centered and rotationally fixed manner to form the drive shaft (1.1, 1.2, 1.3). Drive shaft (1.1, 1.2, 1.3) after claim 1 , wherein the circumferential contact surfaces (3.1, ..., 3.6) are designed for the frictional and/or positive reception of support means (24.1, ..., 24.4) designed as belts of the elevator system (20), in particular for the frictional reception of flat belts. Drive shaft (1.1, 1.2, 1.3) after claim 1 or 2 , wherein the shaft elements (5.1, 5.2, 5.3) are each designed as one-piece shaft sections. Drive shaft (1.1, 1.2, 1.3) after claim 3 , wherein the shaft sections have centering pin receptacles (8) for centering against one another or one shaft section has a centering pin receptacle (8) and a corresponding shaft section forms a centering pin. Drive shaft (1.1, 1.2, 1.3) according to one of the Claims 3 or 4 , wherein the shaft sections form a claw coupling (7) for the rotationally fixed connection to one another. Drive shaft (1.1, 1.2, 1.3) after claim 1 or 2 , wherein the shaft elements (5.1, 5.2, 5.3) are each designed as shaft rings for sliding onto a continuous shaft core. Drive shaft (1.1, 1.2, 1.3) after claim 6 , whereby the shaft rings form a torsion-resistant positive connection with the shaft core. Drive shaft (1.1, 1.2, 1.3) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein at least one support means section (2.1, ..., 2.6) extends axially over the entire shaft element (5.1, 5.2, 5.3). Drive shaft (1.1, 1.2, 1.3) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein at least one shaft element (5.1, 5.2, 5.3) has a plurality of support means sections (2.1, ..., 2.6). Drive shaft (1.1, 1.2, 1.3) according to one of the preceding claims, comprising at least one spacer section for bridging a distance between two support means sections (2.1, ..., 2.6), wherein the spacer section is in particular assigned to a further shaft element (5.1, 5.2, 5.3). Drive shaft (1.1, 1.2, 1.3) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein at least one shaft element (5.1, 5.2, 5.3) has a support means section (2.1, ..., 2.6) and the drive section (10) or a support means section (2.1, ..., 2.6) and a bearing section for receiving a shaft bearing. Elevator installation (20), comprising: at least one vertically extending elevator shaft (21); at least one elevator car (22.1, 22.2) that can be moved along the elevator shaft (21); and several support means (24.1, ..., 24.4) assigned to one or different elevator cars (22.1, 22.2); characterized in that the several support means (24.1, ..., 24.4) are driven together via a drive shaft (1.1, 1.2, 1.3) according to one of the preceding claims by means of a drive device (23) coupled to the drive section (10). Elevator system (20) according to claim 12 , wherein the plurality of support means (24.1, ..., 24.4) are designed as flat belts and frictionally wrap around the drive shaft (1.1, 1.2, 1.3) in each support means section (2.1, ..., 2.6). Elevator system (20) according to claim 12 or 13 , wherein at least two elevator cars (22.1, 22.2) are arranged one above the other as a double-decker in the elevator shaft (21).

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