DE102024106985A1 - Ensemble in the form of a prefabricated housing estate and prefabricated housing complex - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to an ensemble (10) in the form of a prefabricated housing estate (10) comprising at least two prefabricated houses (20), in particular prefabricated residential houses, wherein at least two to a maximum of four prefabricated houses (20), in particular on each non-ground-level floor, are connected to one another via a common prefabricated staircase (30) in order to form a prefabricated house basic unit, and to a prefabricated housing estate complex (70) comprising at least two such prefabricated housing estates (10).

Description

The invention relates to an ensemble in the form of a prefabricated housing estate according to the preamble of claim 1 and to a prefabricated housing estate complex consisting of at least two such prefabricated housing estates according to the preamble of claim 17.

In a changing world with changing population structures and ever-new demands on environmental, economic and housing concepts, a changing society is accompanied by ever-new needs in terms of housing and settlement concepts, since previous, often quite rigid structures in housing and settlement construction, such as single-family homes, semi-detached houses, terraced houses, apartment buildings and also multi-story apartment buildings based on well-known building typologies, can no longer meet today's demands for increasing flexibility of buildings and, not least, their production costs.

Innovations have often found it difficult to integrate into existing settlement concepts, which often leads to a stagnation of long-overdue modernization processes and an increasingly urgent need for new concepts, as rapid changes in society, the environment and the economic structure make transformation urgently necessary, particularly in housing and settlement construction.

Living spaces in existing concepts from various well-known building typologies: single-family homes, semi-detached houses, terraced houses, apartment buildings, and even multi-story apartment buildings are usually not designed to be flexible in terms of usability and difficult to adapt to changing living situations. Furthermore, the living spaces in two- and multi-story buildings generally do not have barrier-free access to the upper floors. This is one of the reasons why these buildings are often not designed sustainably.

Another problem with previous housing construction concepts is the construction costs of buildings, which have risen sharply in recent years and therefore make it difficult for many people to access home ownership.

The object of the invention is to solve the aforementioned problems and to offer a concept, or rather system, in the form of an ensemble in the form of a standard house settlement and a standard house settlement complex for the construction of living space and, as a result, also of settlements, so that living space and settlement complexes can be produced, offered and maintained in a cost-effective and flexible manner and, in addition, also take into account the needs of a constantly changing society and environment.

This object is achieved by an ensemble according to claim 1 and by a standard housing complex according to claim 17.

In particular, this object is achieved by an ensemble in the form of a standard house settlement comprising at least two standard houses, in particular standard residential houses, wherein at least two to a maximum of four standard houses, in particular on each non-ground-level floor, are connected to one another via a common standard staircase in order to form a basic standard house unit.

An essential point of the invention is that an ensemble is provided which is formed from at least two standard houses which are connected to each other on each non-ground floor via a common standard staircase.

Another essential point of the invention is that standardized units, namely in the form of standard houses, are used to form the ensemble, which can each be combined and connected with one another in numerous variations and not, as was usual and common in the state of the art, individually designed buildings, which each in itself form a residential unit, for example a single-family house, a semi-detached house, a terraced house or even an apartment building or a multi-story apartment building, but which cannot be combined with one another, but can only serve as a residential unit in the concept once developed.

A further important advantage of the invention is that the prefabricated houses in the ensemble according to the invention do not have to be connected to one another in a single, fixed, predetermined manner and designed as a single unit, as was previously the case with the prior art. Instead, they can be constructed or positioned in different ways relative to one another and are only connected to one another on each floor below ground level. In this way, the individual prefabricated houses, for example, prefabricated residential buildings, can also be arranged at a distance from one another, while a common prefabricated staircase represents the only connection between the individual prefabricated houses.

In this way, the ensemble according to the invention provides a very wide range of installation options for two to a maximum of four standard houses, which are connected to each other on each non-ground-level floor via a common standard staircase.

This advantageously creates a very airy ensemble, where the individual prefabricated houses can be spaced apart from each other as desired, for example, with passageways on the ground floor between the prefabricated houses providing access to a space between the individual prefabricated houses. Connection between the individual prefabricated houses is then ensured via the shared prefabricated staircase, from which the individual prefabricated houses extend, for example, in a star shape.

The totality of at least two standard houses up to a maximum of four standard houses and a common standard staircase forms in itself a respective basic standard house unit, which in turn can be combined with other basic standard house units according to the invention.

A key advantage of the inventive concept of standardizing buildings, i.e., prefabricated houses or prefabricated staircases, is that such prefabricated buildings can be manufactured more economically, both in planning and production, through the repetition of increasingly complex manufacturing processes than an individually designed and constructed structure, usually only once, as has generally been the case until now. Further advantages of standardizing buildings and combining them into basic prefabricated house units include higher manufacturing quality, as the materials used to manufacture and produce the prefabricated buildings are procured in large quantities, thus standardizing the associated quality controls, and enabling the use of standardized procedures. Since the prefabricated buildings themselves are standardized, i.e., standardized to a certain extent, pre-planned interior design can also be used, which, in particular, also allows for significantly simplified maintenance of the prefabricated buildings compared to the state of the art. Last but not least, volume discounts can also be utilized, as the basic materials for manufacturing the prefabricated buildings can be procured in larger quantities.

Since the individual standard houses, or standard buildings, are relatively small units compared to large single-family houses, but especially compared to semi-detached houses, terraced houses or multi-family houses, the problematic requirements of the aforementioned residential buildings, for example the layout of the property area, the distribution of building masses, the integration of the buildings into the respective environment or static requirements, are also significantly reduced in the standard buildings used according to the invention, since the variability in the erection of the respective standard buildings is significantly increased compared to conventional semi-detached houses, terraced houses or multi-family houses.

This means that when erecting a standard building, it only needs to be placed on a smaller area.

The invention thus leverages the diverse advantages of standardization and offers solutions to many of the disadvantages known from the prior art. The spaces are thus maximally flexible in terms of expandability and subsequent adaptation. The layout of the standardized houses can be adapted to different plots, and the height can also be varied. The supporting structure of each standardized building is designed to be independent of user requirements and system geometry.

A further significant advantage of an ensemble according to the invention in the form of a standard house settlement, or a standard house basic unit according to the invention, is that, in addition to a purely technical system solution, settlement and housing forms are also made possible which can support a social encounter between residents of such ensembles, their coexistence and mutual support on a spatial-functional level in an astonishingly simple and pleasant way.

According to the invention, the standard staircase has a square floor plan in plan view and a staircase, in particular a two-flight staircase, and according to a preferred embodiment of the invention, a lift and furthermore on both sides of the staircase and lift, in particular on each floor, which is preferably not at ground level, a respective arcade, wherein the arcades each extend over a respective entire length of the square floor plan and each have at least one access to the staircase and optionally to the lift.

An important advantage of the square floor plan of the standard staircase is that the standard staircase can be rotated by 90° and still retains its full functionality in terms of a connection of the prefabricated houses to the prefabricated staircase is maintained to form a basic prefabricated house unit. In this way, the variability of the prefabricated house settlement according to the invention can be increased with regard to the arrangement of different prefabricated houses to a respective prefabricated staircase, while still fully maintaining the functionality of the prefabricated house settlement. This has proven particularly advantageous when the available space is limited in some way, for example, by certain terrain contours or only allows a specific arrangement or orientation of the prefabricated houses and the prefabricated staircase.

Furthermore, the standard houses in the standard house settlement, particularly on each floor below ground level, have an access gallery on the side associated with the standard staircase and a window façade and/or a balcony on the opposite side.

In this way, it is possible to connect the individual standard houses via their respective arcades, while the side of each standard house opposite the respective arcades allows a view of the surroundings and an opportunity for outdoor recreation through the window façade and/or, if applicable, a balcony.

Another significant advantage of the arcades arranged on one side of a standard house is that these arcades provide access to a standard staircase and a standard house base unit. Furthermore, a standard house can also be divided into several residential units, with each residential unit being extremely simple and effective to reach and access via the arcade.

A further important advantage of the arcades assigned to the standard houses is that these arcades also represent meeting points and communication spaces where residents of the inventive ensemble can meet and exchange ideas, particularly when, for example, arcades of standard houses arranged parallel or at an angle to one another are located opposite one another within the ensemble and/or are within visual and audible contact or range of one another.

The latter is particularly advantageous and valuable if the standard houses of the standard house settlement comprise at least one utility unit, in particular a residential unit, per floor, whereby each utility unit, in particular a residential unit, on each floor not at ground level, is then accessible via the respective arcade of the respective standard house.

In a particularly advantageous manner, the at least two to a maximum of four standard houses of a standard house basic unit are arranged in a windmill-like manner, i.e. point-symmetrically with respect to the square floor plan of the standard staircase on opposite sides of the standard staircase, and are connected to the standard staircase via their respective arcades.

In the context of the invention, the term "windmill-like" means that on each side of the square floor plan of the standard staircase, only one standard house is connected via the respective arcades assigned to the standard staircase and the respective standard house. Accordingly, each additional standard house is arranged in a structurally similar manner on the next or next-but-one side of the square floor plan of the standard staircase, depending on whether two, three, or four standard houses are assigned to a standard staircase to form the basic standard house unit. It should be noted at this point that the feature "point-symmetrical" does not refer to how many standard houses are assigned to a standard staircase, but rather to how each connection of a standard house to a standard staircase is designed.

Further prefabricated houses, preferably between two and four further prefabricated houses, can then be connected according to the invention via their respective arcades to the prefabricated house basic unit and/or to each other at an angle, in particular at right angles, or linearly, in particular offset linearly.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, however, the ensemble according to the invention has a chain of a maximum of three interconnected standard houses at a connection point to the standard staircase.

In this way, it is possible, on the one hand, to expand a standard house basic unit in a radial or quasi-ring shape or in combinations thereof with further standard houses in a very simple and practical way, and, on the other hand, to connect several, i.e. at least two, standard house basic units via standard houses that are connected to each other via their arcades, so that complex standard house settlements or standard house settlement complexes can be realized based on the respective standard house basic units, which can be specifically adapted to the available environment and thereby form a quasi-organic structure.

Furthermore, individual or several prefabricated houses of the ensemble, or of a prefabricated house basic unit, can additionally have at least one internal staircase, which is exclusively assigned to a respective prefabricated house, in particular a removable and/or retrofittable staircase, which extends over two or all floors of the respective prefabricated house.

In this way, utility and/or residential units can advantageously extend not only on one level of a prefabricated house according to the invention, but also vertically across multiple levels of a respective prefabricated house. The attic, as a separate floor, namely as a gallery level, can be accessed via a separate ladder staircase if necessary, but not via the system-relevant, removable internal staircase.

According to the invention, the components of the ensemble, in particular the standard house, the standard staircase, the arcade and/or the balcony, follow a respective identical grid dimension with regard to their width and length, which is 2.0 m ± 20%, preferably ± 10%, and multiples thereof, wherein in particular a base area of the standard staircase is a square of four times the grid dimension and a base area of the standard house is preferably a square of a multiple, in particular six to ten times, of the 2.0 m ± 20%, preferably ± 10%, grid dimension.

Adhering to this grid dimension ensures, on the one hand, that the inventive ensemble, or rather each unit of this ensemble, can be designed to be accessible for people with disabilities, particularly with regard to the respective crossing width. Furthermore, the individual units of the inventive ensemble, or of a prefabricated housing complex according to the invention, can be combined with one another in virtually any way by adhering to the grid dimension and by using only integer multiples of the grid dimension.

Furthermore, the minimum distance between individual standard houses in the ensemble is at least three times the grid dimension of the ensemble. This allows the ensemble according to the invention to be designed to be very "airy." At the same time, this ensures that the individual standard houses are sufficiently spaced apart, so that, on the one hand, a fire compartment is available within a standard house complex, if necessary, and, on the other hand, sufficient privacy is guaranteed for standard houses located opposite each other.

The standard houses of the ensemble are preferably two to four storeys high and can have different heights within the ensemble as desired or required, whereby the invention ensures that an escape route via a gallery is not interrupted due to the insufficient height of a neighboring standard house.

Furthermore, all or some of the standard houses in the ensemble have a flat roof, pitched roof or gable roof and, if applicable, a photovoltaic and/or solar collector system.

Furthermore, the above-ground structures of the ensemble are, according to the invention, structurally independent, whereby the standard houses are connected to each other both functionally and structurally via a common basement, and building services are essentially provided on a house-by-house basis.

Advantageously, the individual standard houses of the ensemble according to the invention are thus largely independent of one another in terms of building technology or, according to a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, completely independent of one another, which in turn has an extremely positive effect on the variability and combinability of the standard houses according to the invention to form an ensemble and, if appropriate, a standard house settlement complex.

According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the components of the ensemble, in particular of the standard house and the standard staircase, as well as in particular also a spatial subdivision and equipment in a respective interior of the standard house and standard staircase are predefined plan components, which are preferably made of wood and/or drywall and/or metal, in particular steel, and/or stone, in particular concrete, so that the plan components can be arranged in the interior of a respective standard house according to a predefined variable scheme and are interchangeable.

As already mentioned, the inventive ensemble is particularly well-suited for uneven, sloping, and possibly undulating terrain, since the individual standard houses and standard staircases can be easily adapted to the respective terrain formations, or aligned according to these terrain formations, preferably according to a 90° pattern. Furthermore, the height of the inventive ensemble can also be adjusted to uneven, sloping, or rising terrain.

1. a) dass eine Laubengangkonstruktion im Gefälle als Rampe ausgebildet ist, wobei ein Hochpunkt der Rampe vorzugsweise einem Niveau eines Fertigbodens einer Geschossdecke entspricht und wobei ein etwaiger Zugang zu einer niedriger als die Geschossdecke gelegenen Wohneinheit über wenigstens eine Stufe realisiert ist;
2. b) indem die Laubengänge, die beidseitig des Typentreppenhauses angeordnet sind, gemäß einer Split-Level-Variante des Typentreppenhauses um ein Halbgeschoss versetzt vom Zwischenpodest der zweiläufigen Treppe angeordnet sind; oder
3. c) dass eine Terrassierung mit einer kompletten Geschosshöhe angewandt ist;

wobei die Maßnahmen a) und/oder b) und/oder c) wie vorerwähnt und je nach Wunsch oder Notwendigkeit kombiniert anwendbar sind.To adapt the ensemble to uneven, particularly sloping, terrain, the following options are available, which can be used individually or in combination with one another. For example, a difference in elevation in the terrain can be compensated by:

1. a) that a loggia construction is designed as a ramp on a slope, wherein a high point of the ramp preferably corresponds to a level of a finished floor of a storey ceiling and wherein any access to a residential unit located lower than the storey ceiling is realized via at least one step;
2. b) by arranging the arcades arranged on both sides of the standard staircase in accordance with a split-level variant of the standard staircase, offset by one half-floor from the intermediate landing of the two-flight staircase; or
3. c) that a terracing with a full storey height is applied;

whereby measures a) and/or b) and/or c) may be applied as mentioned above and in combination as desired or necessary.

According to a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the ensemble is designed to be barrier-free.

Furthermore, the object according to the invention is also achieved by a prefabricated house settlement complex consisting of at least two prefabricated house settlements according to the above statements and the following summary of the invention, wherein the individual prefabricated house settlements, i.e. ensembles, are connected to one another via respective arcades.

Overall, the individual aspects of the invention can thus be described as follows.

A key concept of the invention can be summarized briefly as a standard house that can be expanded into many different variants and mass-produced. It achieves its layout flexibility by combining the standard house with a separate standard staircase and repetition to create a standard housing development. The internal structure and interplay of these standard buildings are systematically designed to allow for maximum adaptability both in terms of interior design and to different site conditions.

The invention essentially consists of two components: the prefabricated housing estate and the prefabricated residential building itself. The two form a symbiosis with each other. The integration of a gallery and the addition of an additional staircase structure simultaneously transforms the single-family home typology into a multi-story residential building. This combination creates a particularly flexible layout for the prefabricated house.

The following describes first the features of the standard house settlement with standard staircase and basement and then the features of the standard house itself.

A prefabricated housing estate according to the invention consists of several two- or three-story prefabricated houses, each with an integrated access gallery on one side. The buildings are arranged in such a way that a continuous access gallery is created from house to house. Every four to ten prefabricated houses, a prefabricated staircase completes the access system to the upper floors.

The arrangement of these structures is variable in different formations according to a defined system.

The buildings are structurally independent above ground. They can be connected both functionally and structurally via a shared basement. The building services are also largely integrated on a building-by-building basis.

The developed system also works equally well with four-story buildings by adding an additional standard floor, analogous to the middle floor of the three-story variant. For simplicity, the two- and three-story variants are described below. The system also applies to a four-story prefabricated house, prefabricated staircase, and a prefabricated housing development based on the technical system planning presented below.

The standard residential building according to the invention can also be equipped with its own internal staircase. Regardless of the initial construction, this can also be added or removed subsequently using simple means. This provides a dual access option: an optional internal connection and a permanently available external connection via the staircase.

With its own internal staircase, the house also functions as a stand-alone house with access on the ground floor. Access via the arcade is still always available. Without a separate internal staircase, the living areas on the upper floors are accessed via the external staircase and the integrated arcade. Both options remain a permanent option for the user.

The prefabricated house with optional internal staircase and the external staircase, in their interaction, form a dual building typology within one and the same structure. The single-family house typology is combined with the multi-story apartment building typology; in other words, it consists of several single-family houses and one multi-family house in one, or allows for permanent, optional switching between these two typologies.

The unique nature of the invention necessitates clarifying definitions. The description refers to individual prefabricated houses that together form a settlement, namely a prefabricated housing settlement. This naming is spatially, structurally, and functionally determined and should be understood accordingly. It corresponds to spatial perception and is based on the basic idea that individual houses share an additional staircase, i.e., one located not within the respective prefabricated houses, but external, and together form a small prefabricated housing settlement, which will also be referred to simply as a settlement below.

German building law, for example, defines a self-usable, covered structure as a building. Accordingly, a group of houses forming a prefabricated housing estate would be a building, and the prefabricated houses would be parts of it. The prefabricated houses are no longer self-usable once the internal staircase is removed. And because the internal staircase is intended to be removable to maintain flexibility, the invention defines it as an optional alternative to a staircase, but not a mandatory staircase. Thus, the prefabricated housing estate according to the invention, particularly in terms of its appearance, practically represents a building. For a better understanding of the concept, the terms "prefabricated housing estate," "prefabricated house," and "prefabricated staircase" will be used below.

The term "transverse building direction" refers to the direction perpendicular to the ridge direction, or the direction of the shorter side of the thermally broken building envelope. When the access gallery and balcony are added to the overall structure, the standard house forms a square basic shape. Accordingly, the longitudinal building direction always refers to the ridge direction.

A prefabricated house, also referred to as a prefabricated building within the scope of the invention, and a prefabricated staircase are each independently constructed, structurally independent structures. They have a loggia designed with an essentially identical construction and facade grid of 2.0 m ± 20%, preferably ± 10%, for example, 2.08 m as one option. The grid of 2.0 m ± 20%, preferably ± 10%, forms the basic grid of the settlement system according to the invention. The facades of the orthogonal buildings are based on this grid in both directions. Based on the common geometric basis, both the prefabricated house and the prefabricated staircase can be spatially and functionally connected. The triple basic grid of 6.0 m ± 20%, preferably ± 10%, forms the minimum distance between prefabricated houses not built adjacent to one another.

Due to their independent construction, the columns are doubled in the connecting area between the standard house units. As a result, the basic grid is always offset by the same amount between the individual units and the other units, equal to the thickness of the column structure, plus construction tolerances of approximately 30 cm. This distance between the individual grids is taken into account in the layout system of the houses, so that it does not conflict with a circular arrangement of the individual standard houses and standard staircases.

The staircase and prefabricated house are connected corner to corner in accordance with the invention, with a prefabricated house being able to be connected to each corner of the staircase structure at the same time, resulting in a total of up to four prefabricated houses per prefabricated house basic unit. For this purpose, eight connection positions are available on the staircase structure, namely two at each corner of the building. The prefabricated house structure also has two connection options across corners, namely on the long side and the front side of a gallery. To maintain a distance of three grid fields between houses and continuous ceiling spans in the underground car park, the arrangement is windmill-like. Based on these premises, the invention results in four connection positions at each corner, i.e. a total of 16, for a prefabricated house on the staircase.

The connection between prefabricated houses is also usually made corner to corner. Houses of the same orientation are connected in the familiar terraced house formation, end to end along the arcade.

If the standard houses are rotated by 180 degrees to each other, both the forehead side to end as well as offset long side to long side of each arcade.

Buildings aligned at 90 degrees to each other are connected with their end faces to their long sides. In this case, in addition to the two options of corner to corner, there is also the option of placing the end face not on the last grid square of the arcade, but indented one or two grid squares.

Mirrored variants compared to the illustration are equally possible according to the invention.

Up to two additional houses can be arranged in a chain from a standard house connected to a standard staircase, following the principle described above. The arcade is extended from house to house, as seen from the staircase, depending on the length of the escape route. Based on the system described, the settlement can respond to the requirements of different plot sizes and still take on a different overall appearance even when repeated.

Depending on the building plot, the houses are preferably oriented east, west, or south. North-facing buildings are still possible with few restrictions on flexibility in the design.

• - etwa 32 unterschiedliche Typensiedlungen mit Treppenhaus und vier Typenhäusern, direkte Anbindung von vier Häusern am Treppenhaus;
• - etwa 140 unterschiedliche Typensiedlungen mit Treppenhaus und vier Typenhäusern; direkte Anbindung von drei Häusern am Treppenhaus;
• - etwa 686 unterschiedliche Typensiedlungen mit Treppenhaus und vier Typenhäusern, direkte Anbindung von zwei Häusern am Treppenhaus;
• - etwa 96 unterschiedliche Typensiedlungen mit Treppenhaus und fünf Typenhäusern; direkte Anbindung von vier Häusern am Treppenhaus;
• - etwa 343 unterschiedliche Typensiedlungen mit Treppenhaus und fünf Typenhäusern, direkte Anbindung von drei Häusern am Treppenhaus;
• - etwa 1372 unterschiedliche Typensiedlungen mit Treppenhaus und fünf Typenhäusern, direkte Anbindung von zwei Häusern am Treppenhaus;
• - etwa 128 unterschiedliche Typensiedlungen mit Treppenhaus und sechs Typenhäusern, direkte Anbindung von vier Häusern am Treppenhaus;
• - etwa 504 unterschiedliche Typensiedlungen mit Treppenhaus und sechs Typenhäusern, direkte Anbindung von drei Häusern am Treppenhaus;
• - etwa 686 unterschiedliche Typensiedlungen mit Treppenhaus und sechs Typenhäusern, direkte Anbindung von zwei Häusern am Treppenhaus;
• - etwa 384 unterschiedliche Typensiedlungen mit Treppenhaus und sieben Typenhäusern, direkte Anbindung von vier Häusern am Treppenhaus;
• - etwa 336 unterschiedliche Typensiedlungen mit Treppenhaus und sieben Typenhäusern, direkte Anbindung von drei Häusern am Treppenhaus;
• - etwa 288 unterschiedliche Typensiedlungen mit Treppenhaus und acht Typenhäusern, direkte Anbindung von vier Häusern am Treppenhaus;
• - etwa 48 unterschiedliche Typensiedlungen mit Treppenhaus und neun Typenhäusern, direkte Anbindung von vier Häusern am Treppenhaus;
• - etwa 8 unterschiedliche Typensiedlungen mit Treppenhaus und zehn Typenhäusern, direkte Anbindung von vier Häusern am Treppenhaus.

From the described systematics and geometric restrictions, a large number of arrangement options are provided when using a standard staircase, namely, depending on the concept and requirements, for example:

• - about 32 different standard housing developments with staircases and four standard houses, direct connection of four houses to the staircase;
• - approximately 140 different standard housing developments with staircases and four standard houses; three houses directly connected to the staircase;
• - about 686 different standard housing estates with staircases and four standard houses, two houses directly connected to the staircase;
• - approximately 96 different standard housing developments with staircases and five standard houses; four houses directly connected to the staircase;
• - about 343 different type settlements with staircase and five type houses, direct connection of three houses to the staircase;
• - about 1372 different type settlements with staircase and five type houses, direct connection of two houses to the staircase;
• - about 128 different standard housing estates with staircases and six standard houses, with four houses directly connected to the staircase;
• - about 504 different type settlements with staircases and six type houses, direct connection of three houses to the staircase;
• - about 686 different standard housing estates with staircases and six standard houses, two houses directly connected to the staircase;
• - about 384 different standard housing estates with staircases and seven standard houses, four houses directly connected to the staircase;
• - about 336 different standard housing estates with staircases and seven standard houses, with three houses directly connected to the staircase;
• - about 288 different standard housing estates with staircases and eight standard houses, with four houses directly connected to the staircase;
• - about 48 different type settlements with staircases and nine type houses, four houses directly connected to the staircase;
• - about 8 different type settlements with staircases and ten type houses, direct connection of four houses to the staircase.

Furthermore, a row of three houses in a terraced house formation is possible according to the invention, but is not preferred for spatial design reasons. The system affiliation is nevertheless ensured.

An additional escape staircase can be located within the access deck. In this case, more than three houses in a row can be connected to a single staircase. This option is considered an exception, but may be appropriate depending on the property.

According to the invention, settlements can be formed exclusively from two-story buildings, with the eaves height being around 6.50m.

Furthermore, settlements can also consist exclusively of three-story buildings which can be realized with an eaves height of around 9.50m.

Another special feature of the invention is the possibility of mixing two- and three-story buildings within a settlement.

The only restriction to be observed when forming settlements is that the necessary escape route via the second-floor gallery is not interrupted by a lower two-story building. Therefore, in a chain arrangement, a two-story prefabricated house may not be located closer to the stairwell than a three-story prefabricated house.

Two or more of the previously described developments with a standard staircase can be connected to each other. This creates larger, interconnected developments with two or more standard staircases. The geometric spatial system, as well as the requirements for the length of the escape route, correspond to the previously described description of developments with a staircase. A maximum of three houses can be arranged in a chain around a staircase, which corresponds to a chain of a maximum of six houses arranged between two staircases. For larger extensions, fire compartments must be formed. According to the invention, this function is taken over by the stairwell of the staircase and the distances between the buildings. The size of an interconnected development is, at least theoretically, unlimited when fire compartments are formed.

In addition to construction on level ground, the settlement system can also be applied to the natural contours of the terrain without having to level the respective plot beforehand. To respond to varying gradients, a system with two variables was developed, which can be used individually or in combination.

The first and more subtle factor is that the arcade structures, which have their own independent column structure, can be designed as a ramp on the slope. In this way, a height difference of up to 36 cm can be created for each standard house. The high point of the ramp corresponds to the level of the finished floor of the floor slab. This also provides the first, or always available, access to the floor. A second, or optional, access to the floor is possible via one or two steps. These units are, as an exception, not barrier-free. The arcade ramp extends over up to three grid fields with a length of approximately 6.0 m. The gradient of the ramp is up to approximately 6.0%. The principle can theoretically be continued house by house along the natural terrain without restriction and with different gradients for each house. For a settlement extending to six houses, a natural gradient of approximately 4% can be accommodated without interfering with the terrain (A).

The second and more significant factor is the split-level variant of the standard staircase. The arcades, located on two sides of the stairwell, can be accessed by a mezzanine floor offset from the intermediate landing of the two-flight staircase. This technology creates a mezzanine system on the upper floors with a gap of approximately 1.50 meters. The elevator with two-sided access can also serve the mezzanines without barriers. Using the split-level staircase alone, without using arcades on a slope, results in a terraced terrain. This corresponds to an original natural terrain gradient of up to approximately 4.5% (B).

A terraced structure with a full floor height is, of course, also feasible. The terrain gradient would then be approximately 3.00 meters. This corresponds to an original natural terrain gradient of up to approximately 9.0%.

The combination of the two systems of arcade on a slope and offset half-floor or floor at the staircase is possible according to the invention.

A unique feature of the prefabricated housing development according to the invention is its essentially complete accessibility. The entire development system, from the outdoor area to the underground garage, all access routes, two-story and three-story buildings, and all residential units, is wheelchair accessible. The only exception to this is the open gallery, which is not a separate floor and always provides unnecessary additional space.

Barrier-free access to the upper floors of all standard houses is ensured by a shared elevator located in the stairwell.

The height differences between building entrances can always be achieved with ramps up to 6% in the exterior area or with a gradient of less than 4% on natural terrain. The difference between standard house and standard house is up to a maximum of two step heights, i.e., 38 cm, and between standard house and stairwell up to a maximum of three step heights. i.e., 57 cm. For steeper ground slopes, an additional drop of approximately 150 cm or 300 cm in the stairwell area can be overcome with the elevator integrated into the stairwell. An exception is shared residential units with a sloped walkway. In this case, only one of the two residential units on that floor is barrier-free.

The basic idea of the prefabricated houses according to the invention is serial, industrialized manufacturability with a high degree of factory prefabrication. The prefabricated house and the prefabricated staircase were therefore developed using timber element construction. However, the claim of the settlement system and the prefabricated house system is fundamentally transferable to other construction methods without significant deviations and is therefore made regardless of the construction method. Prefabrication using steel construction is a common technique and would be equally suitable for the system presented here. Technologies for the prefabrication of solid components are also advancing. Even conventional production using masonry and reinforced concrete can be used in exceptional cases where local conditions require it.

The inventive roof design concept comprises a gable roof on the main building of a standard house and a minimally sloped flat roof on the access walkway and balcony, and meets the inventive requirements of the house-connecting system. According to the invention, the rainwater is converged linearly on the sides of the main building from the two opposite sides of the main and secondary roofs and directed downwards through intermediate downpipes. This advantageously allows for a series of buildings independent of the drainage system, eliminating the need for an external gutter. Furthermore, the water flow on the roof is designed to move away from the connection point between the houses and to be arranged in an arrangement of downpipes on the outer wall of the main building. The 30-degree sloped gable roof also forms a good angle for accommodating photovoltaic (PV) panels and is the best solution for the expected urban integration.

The standard staircase is constructed on a grid of 2.0 m ± 20%, preferably ± 10%, in both directions. The building's footprint on the upper floor forms a square with four times the grid dimensions of 8 x 8 m plus structural thickness.

The square as a basic shape is important because the staircase must have orientations rotated by 90 degrees due to the split-level variant and the possibility of a gradient in two directions.

In the center of the building is the fire-protected stairwell with an elevator shaft located at the front. The stairwell and elevator shaft each have two-sided openings leading to arcades integrated into the building on both sides, creating the development's connecting system.

The standard staircase is available in a two-story and a three-story version, depending on requirements. The arcades, thanks to their own external supports, can also be easily arranged in a split-level position at the height of the stair landing. Depending on the layout of the standard housing estate, an asymmetrical design with a two-story arcade on one side and a three-story arcade on the other is also possible.

The standard staircase can be added to an additional staircase in the basement in a geometrically appropriate manner.

The prefabricated housing estate features a shared, interconnected basement level, which houses an underground garage, cellar rooms, utility rooms, and common areas. From there, each prefabricated house can be accessed dry-headed via the arcades and an open space on the ground floor.

The development's dimensional system is coordinated with the basement construction system. The support grid, measuring approximately 6.00m x 6.00m, is three times the construction grid of the standard houses.

The system thus meets the geometric requirements for the construction of an underground car park with economical, solid spans and sufficient maneuvering clearances. Within this ceiling span, two adjacent parking spaces, a driving lane, or even an underground car park exit can be realized. The exit can thus be positioned in any direction and at all corners and sides between or next to the prefabricated houses. There is room for four parking spaces in a row under the length of a prefabricated house.

The thermal building envelope of the rectangular building of the standard houses extends over a quadruple grid of approximately 8 m in the transverse direction and a sixfold grid of approximately 12 m in the longitudinal direction. On the long side, which also serves as access, there is a gallery with a width of a grid of 2.0 m ± 20%, preferably ± 10%, along the entire length of the building. A balcony structure of the same dimensions is planned on the opposite side. Overall, including the unheated building areas, this creates a square floor area of 12m x 12m, based on the six-fold basic grid. The exterior walls and the rows of columns of the two projections, balcony and access gallery, are load-bearing. Inside the building, the load-bearing components are reduced to a minimum of two columns with a downstand to keep the room layout flexible. An opening for an internal staircase is already provided in each floor. There is an additional gallery level in the attic. The system comprises a two- and a three-story variant of the identically designed building. In addition to the identically designed ground floor and attic of both standard houses, the three-story variant has a middle floor level.

The special features of the prefabricated house are, on the one hand, the diverse expansion options within one and the same shell and, on the other hand, the subsequent adaptability within the framework of various predefined floor plan layouts.

In terms of flexibility, the invention distinguishes between two types of spatial flexibility, namely spatial division flexibility within the units, i.e. division flexibility, and size flexibility, i.e. combining and separating units.

The flexibility of the layout relates, among other things, to the number of possible individual rooms within the residential units. One to three individual rooms can be created per floor.

Size flexibility is achieved by connecting or separating floors, and by varying the size within a floor. Floors can be connected via an internal, unnecessary staircase or separated by removing the staircase. A floor can be divided into halves or thirds into smaller units.

With regard to the resulting adaptability of the standard building, or rather standard house, two temporal considerations of flexibility are further distinguished: with regard to the numerous different expansion options during production as expansion flexibility, and a simple subsequent changeability as adaptation flexibility.

The integrated arcade in the prefabricated house allows for separate access to the upper floors, independent of the internal access, thus forming the basis for the option of dispensing with internal access. The arcade, which runs along the long side of the thermal building volume, offers the option of positioning one, two, or three access points per floor, thus dividing the floor space of each floor once or twice across. The arcade is always maintained regardless of the prefabricated house's design. The arcade's depth of at least 1.80 m allows for barrier-free access, for example, with a cross-passage width of two wheelchairs.

Within the prefabricated house, a removable and reassemblable internal staircase can be optionally installed in a pre-constructed ceiling recess, allowing the floors to be connected or separated from one another. Thus, the invention includes one staircase connection for a two-story building and two staircase connections for a three-story building. The staircase is located directly behind the exterior wall leading to the access gallery, in the center of the building. The system staircase is constructed and bolted from individual components and can be installed and removed without the use of lifting equipment. Appropriate system components are provided to close the ceiling opening in accordance with the technical requirements.

By combining the two mechanisms described above, a variety of units can be divided into one and the same three-story building envelope, for example eleven different unit sizes from 29 m ² to 276 m ² and, in the two-story building envelope, for example nine different sizes from 290 m ² to 193 m ² .

• - Gesamtes Haus dreigeschossig: 276 m²
• - Gesamtes Haus zweigeschossig: 193 m²
• - Erdgeschoss mit Obergeschoss im dreigeschossigen Haus: 170 m²
• - Obergeschoss mit Dachgeschoss dreigeschossigen Haus: 193 m²
• - Erdgeschoss oder Obergeschoss eine Fläche: 87 m²
• - Dachgeschoss eine Fläche: 110 m²
• - Erdgeschoss oder Obergeschoss halbiert: 43 m²
• - Dachgeschoss halbiert: 55 m²
• - Erdgeschoss oder Obergeschoss gedrittelt: 29 m²
• - Dachgeschoss gedrittelt: 37 m²
• - Erdgeschoss oder Obergeschoss zwei Drittel: 58 m²
• - Dachgeschoss zwei Drittel: 74 m²

The following list describes all the sizes provided in the system. Unless otherwise stated, the areas apply to the two- and three-story standard house.

• - Entire house three-story: 276 m ²
• - Entire house on two floors: 193 m ²
• - Ground floor with upper floor in a three-story house: 170 m ²
• - Upper floor with attic three-story house: 193 m ²
• - Ground floor or first floor area: 87 m ²
• - Attic area: 110 m ²
• - Ground floor or upper floor halved: 43 m ²
• - Attic halved: 55 m ²
• - Ground floor or upper floor divided into thirds: 29 m ²
• - Attic divided into thirds: 37 m ²
• - Ground floor or upper floor two-thirds: 58 m ²
• - Attic two-thirds: 74 m ²

The building's basic grid of 2.0 m ± 20%, preferably ± 10%, which is already evident in the construction of the balcony and access gallery, is also reflected in the cladding of the closed façade areas. The vertical pilaster strips provide the order for the docking of the buildings to one another throughout the entire development. Extending this structure around the entire building enables the previously described connection options and the ability to rotate the buildings relative to one another.

The façade openings are divided into three areas: the French doors to the balcony, the windows on the gable sides, and the doors and windows facing the arcade.

The French doors to the balcony are the same in every development and settlement layout. They are always present and cannot be subsequently modified.

The position of the windows on both gable ends is also independent of the interior design and will not be subsequently altered. Depending on the building's position within the settlement, the windows are present on detached building sides. In houses built adjacent to each other, the structurally present openings on the gable ends are closed off in the style of the wall construction, and the interior wall cladding is extended over them. These windows are not absolutely necessary for providing natural light to the interior spaces.

On the arcade side, there are windows and doors that provide access to the floors from the arcade. A total of three oversized openings, freed from the supporting structure—i.e., one opening in each third of the building—are optionally fitted with a door and/or window, depending on the interior design. The area not required for the openings is closed off by a wall closure. The structural openings are always present. The inserts for the oversized wall openings can also be retrofitted.

The organization of the interior spaces follows an inventive ordering principle.

Facing the balcony side is the "spatial layer" that extends at least to the middle of the building. This layer houses the main rooms, common rooms, and rooms with access to the balcony or to the individual outdoor space on the ground floor.

On the other side, facing the arcade, is the "service level," extending approximately one-third of the building's depth. It also contains the building's vertical installations. This includes the vestibule, cloakroom, bathroom, toilet, kitchen, hallway, staircase, and ancillary rooms.

The remaining space up to the middle can be assigned to either the service side or the room layer. Often, this also includes service functions located at the rear of the common rooms, such as kitchens or dressing rooms.

In addition to the floor plan organization in longitudinal layers, rooms extending across the full depth of the building with two-sided orientation are also possible. The distribution within the space remains consistent with the described layers.

All partition walls within the building envelope are non-load-bearing and can be subsequently modified.

Based on the principles described above, at least 36 floor plans for living and working spaces can be created on the ground floor and upper floors, plus floor plans for other uses such as childcare, small catering, and multi-purpose rooms. All non-symmetrical floor plans are available in a mirrored version along the central transverse axis. This brings the total number of floor plans to 70. All office and residential floor plans, as well as childcare and multi-purpose rooms, including the mirrored versions, can also have an additional gallery level positioned on the top floor, resulting in 69 additional different floor plans.

For a better overview, the following floor plan groups are formed: split floors (apartments) 8 , full floors (apartments) 9 , over several floors (maisonette apartments and housesFig. 10), further uses 11 .

Further embodiments of the invention emerge from the subclaims.

• 1 eine Vielzahl von schematischen Darstellungen einer Typenhausgrundeinheit in verschiedensten Anordnungen;
• 2 schematische Detaildarstellungen einer Vielzahl möglicher Anordnungen von zwei Typenhäusern zueinander;
• 3 eine schematische Darstellung einer Typenhaussiedlung bestehend aus einer Typenhausgrundeinheit mit zwei zusätzlichen angegliederten Typenhäusern;
• 4 eine schematische Darstellung einer Verbindung von zwei Typenhäusern über einen jeweiligen Laubengang;
• 5 schematische Darstellungen eines Typenhaussiedlungskomplexes in drei unterschiedlichen Varianten A, B und C;
• 6 schematische Darstellungen eines erfindungsgemäßen Ensembles auf einem abfallenden Baugrund in drei unterschiedlichen Varianten A, B und C
• 7 eine schematische Darstellung eines erfindungsgemäßen Typenhauses in einer Schnittansicht von oben;
• 8 bis 11 schematisch dargestellte Grundrissgruppen für geteilte Geschosse (= Appartements) 8, volle Geschosse (= Geschosswohnungen) 9, über mehrere Geschosse verteilt (= Maisonettewohnungen und Häuser) 10 sowie weitere Nutzungen 11.

The invention is described below using exemplary embodiments, which are explained in more detail with reference to the figures. Herein:

• 1 a variety of schematic representations of a standard house basic unit in various arrangements;
• 2 schematic detailed representations of a variety of possible arrangements of two standard houses in relation to each other;
• 3 a schematic representation of a prefabricated house settlement consisting of a basic prefabricated house unit with two additional attached prefabricated houses;
• 4 a schematic representation of a connection between two standard houses via a respective arcade;
• 5 schematic representations of a standard housing complex in three different variants A, B and C;
• 6 schematic representations of an inventive ensemble on a sloping subsoil in three different variants A, B and C
• 7 a schematic representation of a prefabricated house according to the invention in a sectional view from above;
• 8 to 11 schematically represented floor plan groups for divided floors (= apartments) 8 , full floors (= apartments) 9 , spread over several floors (= maisonettes and houses) 10 and other uses 11 .

1 shows a plurality of schematic representations of a standard house basic unit in a wide variety of arrangements, namely in particular different connections according to the invention between a standard staircase 30 and standard houses 20 connected to the standard staircase 30, in particular standard residential houses.

According to the invention, the standard staircase 30 and standard house 20 are connected corner to corner. A standard house 20 can be connected to each corner of the staircase structure 30 simultaneously, resulting in a total of up to four standard houses 20 per standard house basic unit. For this purpose, eight connection positions for standard houses 20 are available on the staircase structure 30, namely two at each corner of the building. The standard house structure 20 also has two connection options at each corner, along the length and end of the respective arcade 40. To maintain a distance of three grid fields between buildings and continuous ceiling spans in the underground garage, the arrangement is windmill-like. This results in four connection positions at each corner, i.e., a total of 16, for a standard house 20 on the staircase 30.

2 shows schematic detailed representations of a variety of possible arrangements of two type houses 20 to each other, ie according to 2 Connections between residential building 20 and residential building 20, whereby a connection between standard house 20 and standard house 20 is generally made corner to corner. The connection of similarly aligned standard houses 20 is made according to an inventive terraced house formation (A), end to end of the respective arcades 40 of the standard houses 20.

An alignment of the type houses 20 rotated by 180 degrees to each other can be joined together both end to end according to formation (B) and with an offset long side to long side according to formation (C) of the arcade 40.

According to the invention, building structures of the standard houses 20 aligned at a 90-degree angle to each other are connected end-to-end, namely according to the formations (D) and (E). In this case, in addition to the two aforementioned possibilities (D) and (E), namely corner to corner, there is an additional alternative according to the invention, according to which the end of a loggia 40 is not placed on the last grid field of the loggia 40, but is indented by one (F) or two (G) grid fields. Mirrored variants compared to the illustration are equally possible according to the invention.

3 shows a schematic representation of a prefabricated house settlement 10 consisting of a prefabricated house basic unit with two additional attached prefabricated houses 20. Each of the individual prefabricated houses 20 of the ensemble 10 has an arcade 40 and a balcony 50 arranged on the side of the prefabricated house 20 opposite the arcade 40. The individual prefabricated houses 20 are connected to one another via their respective arcades 40, with the prefabricated houses 20 forming the prefabricated house basic unit being connected to a central prefabricated staircase 30, with the prefabricated staircase 30 having a square cross-section and having an arcade 40 on both sides, via which in turn access to the arcades 40 of the individual houses 20 is possible. The standard house basic unit is thus formed from the standard staircase 30 and four standard houses 20 connected to the standard staircase 30 in a windmill-like manner, whereby in the longitudinal direction of the standard houses 20, one further standard house 20 is connected to the standard house basic unit. In the case of the 3 shown illustration is the southern, i.e. in 3 The additional type house 20 shown below is connected with its arcade 40 to both adjacent type houses 20, while the one to the north, i.e. in 3 The additional type house 20 shown above is merely a connection to the one to the east of it, i.e. in 3 shown on the right, which in turn is realized via the respective arcades 40 of the two adjoining type houses 20 via their respective arcades 40.

Furthermore, in 3 It can be clearly seen that the standard staircase 30 according to the invention has a two-flight staircase 32 and a lift 34, wherein the standard staircase 30 has two entrances 36 to a respective arcade 40 arranged on opposite sides.

In addition, 3 It is also clearly visible that individual type houses 20 can also have an internal staircase 80, by means of which individual floors of the respective type house 20 can be connected to each other.

4 shows a schematic representation of a connection of two standard houses 20 via a respective arcade 40, wherein the respective arcades 40 are not arranged but slightly offset at their respective ends, so that a passage from one arcade 40 to the other arcade 40 is easily possible. Furthermore, 4 It is clearly visible that the arcades, in terms of their width and length, follow a grid dimension of 60, which in this case is 2.00 m, so that the two arcades 40, as well as the rest of the type 20 house, are designed to be accessible for people with disabilities and, for example, two wheelchairs coming towards each other can easily pass each other without causing a traffic jam or having to swerve.

5 shows schematic representations of a standard house settlement complex 70 in three different variants A, B and C, wherein the standard house settlement complex 70 according to configuration (A) is essentially linear, the standard house settlement complex 70 according to configuration (B) is essentially horseshoe-shaped and the standard house settlement complex 70 according to configuration (C) is essentially ring-shaped.

In an exemplary representation, a linearly oriented settlement with 15 houses 20 and two staircases 30 (A), a U-shaped settlement with 10 houses 20 and two staircases 30 (B) and a ring-shaped settlement with 12 houses 20 and two staircases 30 (C) are shown.

All three standard housing complexes 70 shown here schematically and as examples each comprise two standard staircases 30 and numerous standard houses 20, which are each connected to each other via their respective arcades 40. At this point it should be mentioned that according to 5 As in all other figures shown, the respective reference symbols are shown only as examples for the sake of clarity, and the respective standard houses 20 have, on the one hand, a heavily hatched arcade 40 and, on the other hand, a balcony 50 arranged in the two-part residential unit. Furthermore, it should be mentioned at this point that a balcony 50 is merely an optional feature of the building structure forming a respective standard house 20, and the building structure can also have a window front or separate windows.

The 6 shows schematic representations of an ensemble according to the invention on sloping building ground in three different variants A, B and C. According to principle A, the respective arcades are designed with a gradient, while according to principle B the arcades are offset in height from one another in a terrace-like manner. According to the variant shown as combination C, the respective arcades 40 of the individual standard houses 20 and of the standard staircase 30 can also be offset in height from one another in a terrace-like manner and, in the case of the arcades 40 of the standard houses 20, also have a gradient. The standard staircase 30 itself has, according to a split-level variant, arcades 40 that are offset in height from one another on the respective opposite sides of the standard staircase 30.

7 shows a schematic representation of a prefabricated house 20 according to the invention in a sectional view from above. It is clearly visible here that from an arcade 40 per floor, several entrances to one or possibly even several separate residential units are possible. On the side of the prefabricated house 20 opposite the arcade 40, a balcony 50 can be arranged. On the two transverse sides of the prefabricated house 20, windows are also optionally provided on the balcony-side and window-side half of the exemplary prefabricated house 20. The load-bearing components within the floor area are reduced to two supports per floor level. On the side of the arcade, a ceiling opening is provided in the supporting structure in the middle third, which can optionally accommodate an internal staircase 80 for connecting the floors.

8 to 11 show schematically represented floor plan groups, namely according to 8 for shared Floors, ie apartments, according to 9 for full floors, ie for apartments, according to 10 for floor plans spread over several floors, e.g. for maisonettes or houses as well as in accordance with 11 for further uses. The floor plans according to 8 and 10 , are suitable for living, working, and living and working on the ground floor, upper floor, and attic with a gallery. Residential also includes short-term living, assisted living, dormitories, and branch apartments with shared floor space. Asymmetrically mirrored floor plans are marked with *. Special features such as shared use and other uses are noted separately.

At this point, it should be noted that all parts described above, viewed individually and in any combination, particularly the details shown in the drawings, are claimed as essential to the invention. Modifications to these are familiar to those skilled in the art.

List of reference symbols

10

Ensemble / prefabricated housing estate

20

prefabricated house

30

Standard staircase

32

Stairs

34

Elevator

36

Access

40

arcade

50

balcony

60

Grid dimension

70

prefabricated housing complex

80

Stairs

Claims (17)

Ensemble (10) in the form of a prefabricated house settlement (10) comprising at least two prefabricated houses (20), in particular prefabricated residential houses, wherein at least two to a maximum of four prefabricated houses (20), in particular on each non-ground-level floor, are connected to one another via a common prefabricated staircase (30) in order to form a prefabricated house basic unit. Ensemble after Claim 1 , characterized in that the standard staircase (30) has a square floor plan when viewed from above and comprises a staircase (32), in particular a two-flight staircase, and optionally a lift (34), as well as a respective arcade (40) on both sides of the staircase (32) and lift (34), in particular on each floor, which is preferably not at ground level, the two arcades (40) each extending over the entire length of the square floor plan and each comprising at least one access (36) to the staircase (32) and optionally to the lift (34). Ensemble according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the standard houses (20) of the standard house settlement (10), in particular in each non-ground-level floor, each have an arcade (40) on their side associated with the standard staircase (30) and a window facade and/or a balcony (50) on their opposite side. Ensemble according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the standard houses (20) of the standard house settlement (10) comprise at least one utility, in particular residential, unit per floor, wherein each utility, in particular residential, unit is accessible on each floor not at ground level via the arcade (40) of the respective standard house (20). Ensemble according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least two to a maximum of four standard houses (20) are arranged in a windmill-like manner, ie point-symmetrically with respect to the square floor plan of the standard staircase (30) on opposite sides of the standard staircase (30), and are connected to the standard staircase (30) via their respective arcades (40). Ensemble according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that further standard houses (20) are connected to the standard house basic unit and/or to one another via their respective arcades (40) at an angle, in particular at right angles, or linearly, in particular offset linearly. Ensemble according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that one or more standard houses (20) of the ensemble (10) additionally have at least one internal staircase (80) which is exclusively assigned to a respective standard house and which is in particular removable and/or retrofittable and which extends in each case over individual or over all floors of the respective standard house (20). Ensemble according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the ensemble (10) has a chain of a maximum of three interconnected standard houses (20) at a connection point to the standard staircase (30). Ensemble according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the components of the ensemble (10), in particular the standard house (20), the standard staircase (30), the arcade (40) and/or the balcony (50) follow a respective identical grid dimension (60) with regard to their width and length, which is 2.0 meters ± 20%, preferably ± 10%, and multiples thereof, and wherein in particular a base area of the standard staircase (30) is a square of four times the grid dimension and a base area of the standard house (20) is optionally a square of a multiple, in particular six to ten times, grid dimension. Ensemble according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a minimum distance between individual spaced-apart standard houses (20) of the ensemble (10) is at least three times the grid dimension (60) of the ensemble (10). Ensemble according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the standard houses (20) of the ensemble (10) are two to four storeys high and can have different heights within the ensemble, whereby it is ensured that an escape route via a loggia (40) is not interrupted due to the house height of a neighboring standard house (20) being too low. Ensemble according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that all or individual standard houses (20) of the ensemble (10) have a flat roof, pitched roof or gable roof and optionally a photovoltaic and/or solar collector system. Ensemble according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that above-ground structures of the ensemble (10) are each structurally independent, wherein the standard houses are optionally connected to one another both functionally and structurally via a common basement, and wherein building services are provided essentially on a house-by-house basis. Ensemble according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the components of the ensemble (10), in particular of the standard house (20) and the standard staircase (30), and in particular also a spatial subdivision and equipment in a respective interior of the standard house (20) and standard staircase (30) are predefined plan components, which are preferably made of wood and/or drywall and/or metal, in particular steel and/or stone, in particular concrete, wherein the plan components are arranged in the interior of a respective standard house (20) according to a predefined scheme and are interchangeable. Ensemble according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that an adaptation of the ensemble (10) to uneven, in particular sloping, terrain is compensated for by a) a loggia construction being designed as a ramp on the gradient, wherein a high point of the ramp preferably corresponds to the level of a finished floor of a storey ceiling and wherein any access to a residential unit located lower than the storey ceiling is realized via at least one step; or b) in that the loggias (40), which are arranged on both sides of the standard staircase (30), are arranged offset by half a storey from the intermediate landing of the two-flight staircase according to a split-level variant of the standard staircase (30); or c) in that terracing with a full storey height is applied; or the measures a) and/or b) and/or c) are applied in combination. Ensemble according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the ensemble (10) is barrier-free. A prefabricated housing complex (70) comprising at least two prefabricated housing estates (10) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the individual prefabricated housing estates (10), i.e. ensembles (10), are connected to one another via respective arcades (40).