DE102012008169A1 - Planetary rolling construction or modular structured extruder for processing plastic material in e.g. food industry for manufacturing brush, has tooth ends exhibiting slant that is more steep than that of slant of flanks to gear diameter - Google Patents

Abstract

The extruder has a side arm extruder part flanged at an extruder housing (5) of a planetary rolling extruder part or at an extruder housing of a planet rolling module. The side arm extruder part or an insert protrudes directly up to a tooth bottom of internal gears in a planet rolling extruder part or a planetary rolling module. A hole-sided tooth ends originated through a borehole is declined, and has a slant, which is more steep around 5 degrees than that of a slant of tooth flanks to pitch circle diameter of the gears. A curvature is formed at edges of the tooth ends.

Description

The invention relates to an extruder.

A special field of application for extruders is the processing and processing of plastics. It may be plastics z. For example
Shaped parts, workpieces, blocks, sheets, foils, sheets, coverings, pipes, hoses, rods, rods, profiles, strips, cords, wires, bristles, nets
Adhesives, lacquers, glues, pastes, putties, binders
Paints, plasters, putties, potting and sealing compounds, enamels and coating materials, gels,
Threads, fibers, yarns, silks, strands, mats, nonwovens, fabrics

The plastics may consist of monomers and / or of polymers. Often it is a mixture, which also mixtures with substances other than plastics occur. This is especially true for the production of plastic foam.

In addition, other plasticizable or even plastic can in the extruder. Substances are used. These include z. Food and pharmaceuticals, including chemicals.

With an extruder, the substances used can be very advantageous, melt, mix or homogenize and disperse. In addition, the feed can be heated or cooled at the same time. For heating or cooling can be found in the extruder jacket and, if necessary. Also in spindles cooling lines or heating cables. In addition, the deformation exerted by the extruder spindles on the feed causes considerable heating. For example, for the production of plastic foam is very important that a considerable pressure can be built up in the extruder, which prevents foaming in the extruder.

Different designs are known for the extruders. There are single screw extruders, twin screw extruders and planetary roller extruders. The single-screw extruder has only a screw surrounded by a housing. The twin-screw extruder has two parallel juxtaposed snails, which mesh with each other. The screws can rotate in the same direction or be in opposite directions. The planetary roller extruder has a centrally located central spindle which is driven. Planet spindles are arranged around the central spindle. The planetary spindles mesh with the central spindle. The planetary spindles are surrounded by an internally toothed housing. The planetary spindles mesh with the internal teeth of the housing. Each central spindle rotation causes a rotation of the planetary spindle. The planetary spindles run like planets around the central spindles. The planetary spindles and the central spindles have an outer toothing. The external toothing is incorporated by turning and / or milling in the starting material. The final contour receives the teeth by grinding. The internal toothing of the housing is produced by so-called pulling according to older methods. A tool is pressed into the inside of the housing. The process has many problems. Newer methods provide a shaping on the inside of the housing by spark erosion. This process is a bit more tedious than pulling. However, spark erosion has a number of advantages over pulling. In spark erosion, the workpiece is placed in a bath of non-conductive oil or a non-conductive, deionized water and electrically energized. At the same time, a current-conducting tool (electrode) is brought close to the surface to be machined so that sparks strike over the tool between the workpiece. The sparkover causes a material removal on the workpiece. Material removal depends on a number of circumstances. These include the amount of voltage, frequency, gap width, material and others.

The different types are also used in combination. For example, the tandem primary extruder may be formed by a single-screw extruder or twin-screw extruder while the secondary extruder is a planetary roller extruder. The primary extruder and the secondary extruder may be operated at different speeds. This has significant advantages. The combination of different extruder systems can also be done in a single extruder. The extruder systems combined with one another form extruder sections in the one extruder. These sections may or may not be the same as the process sections of the extruder. The process sections are in the workup of plastics z. B. retraction of the plastic, melting, homogenizing / dispersing and cooling the melt to extrusion temperature. When combining different extruder systems in one section, a common spindle is usually used. For example, the screw continues from the section "processing of the plastic" designed as a single-screw extruder / sections into the area "cooling of the melt to extrusion temperature" which is designed as a planetary roller extruder / section. In planetary roller extruder / section, the common screw forms the central spindle.

The use of a common screw for different extruder sections is relatively easy for contemporary extruders, because these screws are composed of sleeves penetrated by a common rod be and be clamped together. This construction also has other advantages. The extruder sections often also form in the extruder housing. The housing sections are clamped together at the ends with flanges.

In the following, only extruders are discussed, which includes both the combination with the same or different extruders and the section-wise combination of different extruder systems in an extruder. Likewise included is the combination of extruder sections of the same system.

All contemporary extruders are equipped with a temperature control. For this, the extruders are internally provided with a bushing. The bushes are internally toothed. The toothing then forms the internal toothing of the housing. The bushing has outside channels, which are incorporated as grooves or as threads or as worm threads in the outer surface of the socket. The outside channels can be relatively easily machined by turning and milling incorporate.

The thus processed channels are inserted into the interior smooth housing bores. Through the channels, either in the melt flow direction or against the direction of melt flow coolant or heating medium are pressed. Optionally, any desired heating sections and cooling sections can be produced. Due to the spiraling of the channels, the heating medium or coolant is guided along the housing wall or on the outer wall of the socket in a particularly long and controlled manner. This ensures extreme cooling or heating. Whether it is a heating section or a cooling section, results from the respective method. In this case, either medium must be supplied or heat withdrawn from the medium flowing through.

Theoretically, the channels could also be arranged on the housing inner surface and the bushes on the outside can run smoothly. The incorporation of the channels on the inside of the housing is much more complicated than the above-described incorporation into the outer surface of the socket.

Moreover, it is advantageous to mount the bushes by shrinkage in the extruder housing. This is done by heating the extruder housing. Due to the heating, the extruder housing experiences an expansion. In the state, the cold bush is pushed into the bearing bore of the extruder housing. Upon subsequent cooling, the extruder housing contracts and encloses the socket firmly and closing when the socket has a corresponding outer dimension and the housing bore has a corresponding internal dimension. Such a situation arises when using a so-called interference fit. In the press-fitting, the bushing on the outside has at least the exact same diameter or a slightly larger diameter than the extruder housing on the inside. The known press fits are designed so that after shrinking by appropriate heating of the housing again a separation of the bushing of the extruder housing is possible without causing damage to the parts. The separation is important to rework if necessary, the teeth in the socket or replace the old socket with a new one.

In the extruder housings composed of sections, it is considered an advantage to carry out an optionally necessary material feed between the sections. The material supply may be, for example, the supply of blowing agent for the production of foam. It may also be the supply of another mixture component in the material supply, for example, to mix plastic with other plastic and / or with fillers and / or with aggregates.

The DE 10356423 has recognized that it can be partially advantageous if the material supply takes place on a planetary roller extruder section between the two ends of the housing section. From a process point of view, it is expedient to carry out the material supply where the process-technically optimal point is. For the admixture, there is a so-called window on the extruder with the point of the earliest possible admixture, with the point of the latest possible admixing and with the optimal process admixture. In general, the window is so large that the joint between the housings of two extruder sections still includes a suitable location for a material supply. However, if the location of the material supply in the conveying direction of the extruder can be relocated, the length of the extruder can be reduced. This is synonymous with a saving in construction effort. In this case, however, the effort must be taken into account to introduce a bore for the material entry on the extruder housing and, if necessary, to make changes. Particular difficulties are opposed to the introduction of the bore in the housing when a temperature control described above exists. In this case, the material supply must penetrate the channels of the temperature and lead to an interruption of the Heizmittelstromes or coolant flow. Despite these difficulties, the invention adheres to the possibility of introducing bores into the housing. The DE 10 2006 001 171 The task is to overcome the difficulty.

• aa) wobei die Bohrung im Bereich der zum Temperieren dienenden Kanäle eine ringförmige Erweiterung aufweist, so daß um das Zuführungsgehäuse herum ein ringförmiger Verbindungskanal für die zum Temperieren dienenden Kanäle entsteht oder
• bb) wobei die Bohrung bis in eine Nut reicht, die sich über den gesamten Umfang oder über einen Teil des Umfangs der im Extrudergehäuse sitzenden, die Innenverzahnung bildenden Buchse erstreckt und deren Breite größer als der Durchmesser des Zuführungsgehäuses ist, so daß um das Zuführungsgehäuse herum ein Verbindungskanal für die dem Temperieren dienenden Kanäle entsteht oder
• cc) wobei ein Zuführungsgehäuse verwendet wird, das in die innen verzahnte Buchse des Extrudergehäuses ragt, wobei das Zuführungsgehäuse im Bereich der dem Temperieren dienenden Kanäle mit mindestens einem Verbindungskanal für diese Kanäle versehen ist. Vorteilhafterweise kann der Verbindungskanal spanabhebend durch Fräsen oder Drehen außen in die das Zuführungsgehäuse eingearbeitet werden. Vorzugsweise ist ein Zuführungsgehäuse mit mehreren Verbindungskanälen vorgesehen, so daß jede durch die Bohrung entstandene Unterbrechung eines Kanals durch einen Verbindungskanal aufgehoben bzw. überbrückt worden ist. Noch weiter bevorzugt ist ein Zuführungsgehäuse mit mehreren Verbindungskanälen versehen, die übereinander liegen. Die einzelnen Verbindungskanäle können als neben einander liegende Nuten in das Zuführungsgehäuse gearbeitet werden. Die Kanäle können außen an dem Zuführungsgehäuse liegen. Günstig ist dabei, wenn die übereinander liegenden Verbindungskanäle eine Höhe besitzen, die geringer als die Breite ist. Zugleich ist die Breite so groß gewählt, daß die Verbindungskanäle gleichwohl einen ausreichenden Querschnitt zur störungsfreien Weiterleitung des Temperierungsmittels besitzen, vorzugsweise ist der Querschnitt gleich. Günstig ist, wenn die Höhe der Verbindungskanäle so gewählt ist, daß die Gesamthöhe der übereinander liegenden und durch einen Steg voneinander getrennten Verbindungskanäle nicht höher als die Höhe bzw. Tiefe der zum Temperieren dienenden, außen liegenden Kanäle in der Buchse ist, welche im Extrudergehäuse sitzt und innen mit der Verzahnung versehen ist. Vorteilhafterweise können die übereinander liegenden Kanäle mit dem das Zuführungsgehäuse in diesem Bereich außen umschließenden Rohrmantel geschlossen werden. Der außen liegende Rohrmantel ist dann mit Einlaßöffnungen und Auslaßöffnungen versehen. Jede Einlaßöffnung ist so angeordnet, daß sie an dem zugehörigen, durch die beschriebene Unterbrechung entstandenen Kanalende liegt. Wahlweise sind die Verbindungskanäle auch an einer Innenseite des Zuführungsgehäuses eingearbeitet worden und sind die Verbindungskanäle durch einen innen liegenden Rohrmantel verschlossen. Durch außen in das Zuführungsgehäuse eingearbeitete Einlaßöffnungen und Auslaßöffnungen entstehen gleichwohl Verbindungskanäle. oder
• dd) wobei die Bohrung gegenüber dem Zuführungsgehäuse vergrößert ist und wobei in dem Gehäuse ein Einsatz mit einer Öffnung oder einem Anschluß zur Aufnahme des Zuführungsgehäuses vorgesehen ist. Der Einsatz besitzt außen liegend oder innen liegend einen oder mehrere Verbindungskanäle, die wie die Verbindungskanäle unter cc) ausgebildet sind bzw. hergestellt werden oder
• ee) wobei in der Bohrung ein Einsatz sitzt, an dem das Zuführungsgehäuse befestigt ist und der Einsatz außen liegend oder innen liegend oder innen liegend einen oder mehrere Verbindungskanäle besitzt, die wie die Verbindungskanäle unter cc) ausgebildet sind bzw. hergestellt werden.

After DE 10 2006 001 171 this is achieved by:
the bore is passed through the housing and projects into the socket which is seated in the housing and forms the internal toothing of the housing,
wherein the material supply with a feed housing or with an insert protrudes into the hole and

• aa) wherein the bore in the region of the temperature-controlling channels has an annular extension, so that around the feed housing around an annular connection channel for the temperature-serving channels is formed or
• bb) wherein the bore extends into a groove which extends over the entire circumference or over part of the circumference of the seated in the extruder housing, forming the internal toothing sleeve and whose width is greater than the diameter of the feed housing, so that around the feed housing around a connecting channel for the temperature-serving channels arises or
• cc) wherein a feed housing is used, which projects into the internally toothed bushing of the extruder housing, wherein the feed housing is provided in the region of the tempering channels with at least one connecting channel for these channels. Advantageously, the connecting channel can be machined by milling or turning outside into which the feed housing. Preferably, a feed housing having a plurality of connecting channels is provided, so that any interruption of a channel caused by the bore has been canceled or bridged by a connecting channel. Even more preferably, a feed housing is provided with a plurality of connecting channels, which lie one above the other. The individual connection channels can be worked as juxtaposed grooves in the feed housing. The channels may be on the outside of the feed housing. It is advantageous if the superimposed connection channels have a height which is less than the width. At the same time the width is chosen so large that the connecting channels nevertheless have a sufficient cross section for trouble-free transmission of the tempering, preferably, the cross section is the same. It is advantageous if the height of the connecting channels is selected so that the total height of the superimposed and separated by a web connection channels is not higher than the height or depth of the temperature-serving, outer channels in the socket, which sits in the extruder housing and is internally provided with the teeth. Advantageously, the channels lying one above the other can be closed with the pipe jacket enclosing the feed housing in this area on the outside. The outer tube jacket is then provided with inlet openings and outlet openings. Each inlet opening is arranged so that it lies on the associated, formed by the described interruption channel end. Optionally, the connection channels have also been incorporated on an inner side of the feed housing and the connection channels are closed by an inner tube jacket. Nevertheless, through the inlet openings and outlet openings incorporated in the outside of the feed housing, connection channels are created. or
• dd) wherein the bore is enlarged relative to the feed housing and wherein in the housing an insert is provided with an opening or a terminal for receiving the feed housing. The insert has outside or inside lying one or more connecting channels, which are like the connecting channels under cc) are formed or produced or
• ee) wherein in the bore an insert is seated, on which the feed housing is fixed and the insert lying outside or lying inside or inside has one or more connecting channels, which are like the connection channels under cc) are formed or produced.

Preferably arise after the DE 10356423 In the region of the penetration of the housing deflections of Temperierungskanäle, so that an uncontrolled course of Termperierungsmittel, in particular a short-circuit flow, with the feed housing or the insert is prevented.

The feeder housing / insert described above can penetrate the socket seated in the extruder housing to such an extent that it completely or partially seals with the inner surface of the socket forming the internal toothing. Then, an adjustment of the feed housing / insert is provided on the inner toothing of the housing. This is done by toothing of the projecting into the internal teeth of the extruder housing / socket feeder housing / insert. The previously drilled out teeth are then partially (except for the necessary opening for the material supply) supplemented by the feed housing / insert. The planetary spindles can then run undisturbed again through this area.

Preferably, however, the bush ends in the tooth base of the internal toothing of the socket. Then an adaptation of the feeder housing / Use not required because the planetary spindles can not be prevented by the feed housing / use in circulation.

The material supply can be done by pumping gaseous or liquid media. Such media are, for example, liquid propellants. The material supply can also be done by a second extruder, which works as a so-called Seitenarmextruder. Then, the above-mentioned feeder housing is either an intermediate piece or connector to the side-arm extruder or the housing of the side-arm extruder forms the feeder housing.

The side-arm extruder may be of the same or different construction as the extruder into which the side-arm extruder feeds the material.

To the from the DE10356423 known extruders presents the same degassing problem as other extruders. In the degassing can be spoken in a very general form of a phase separation of the melt. The trapped gas phase of the melt is removed. In this case, the gas phase can be part of the melt from the beginning or the gas phase can be formed by heating in the melt or the gas phase can be introduced into the melt by admixture. This has significance for various industries, eg. B. for the plastics industry, for the chemical industry, for the food industry.

The separation of the gas phase can have various reasons. In the simplest case, the gas phase is troublesome odors that are removed to increase the acceptance of a product. Degassing can also be the right way to separate off residual substances or entrainers. Degassing can also be used if drying of the material is to take place. This is required for PET. The humidity endangers the PET. Therefore, a strong drying must be done. Drying is carried out by heating. The water content evaporates. The resulting steam is removed by degassing.

In other cases, solvents must be separated. The solvents are brought to a gaseous state by heating and then stripped off.

In part, the degassing problem is anyway in the extruder. In some cases, the material to be separated is charged extra for the purpose of phase separation in an extruder. In the extruder, depending on the nature of the material to be treated, it is very advantageous to wholly or partly bring it into the form of a melt in order to partially bring the resulting melt into a gaseous state of aggregation.

The degassing takes place in the extruder by reducing the pressure. By reducing the pressure, trapped gas is given the opportunity to expand. With sufficient pressure drop, the expansion is so great that the gas exits in the direction from which the pressure drop is generated. In most cases, the pressure drop is generated by a housing opening, at which a correspondingly low pressure is applied. A particularly high degassing effect arises when a negative pressure is applied. By negative pressure is meant a pressure which is even lower than the pressure of the surrounding atmosphere. In the planetary roller extruder degassing is also part of the state of the art. This also applies to modular extruders with several planetary roller modules arranged one behind the other. In this case, preferably the transition from a planetary roller module is used in the next module, which can also be a planetary roller part / module. At the transition, more precisely at the end of the first planetary roller part in the direction of melt flow, there is a stop ring on which the revolving planetary spindles slide with their end faces. The run-up ring usually also causes a reduction of the flow cross-section for the melt. This is synonymous with a stowage effect. The melt pressure increases. In a subsequent further planetary roller part, the flow cross-section in the extruder increases. There then takes place on newer planetary roller extruders the degassing. The applicant has propagated a degassing through the run-ring. The other manufacturers have joined. The degassing line is guided in the area of the flanges on the housings. This has the advantage that the internal toothing of the housing is not disturbed.

The DE 10 2006 001 171 turns away from the degassing through the thrust ring and the already abandoned technology of the opening on the extruder housing and the housing serration breaking hole again. It attacks the DE 101 2006 001 171 the in the DE 10356423 type described in which a side arm extruder is flanged for the purpose of material input to a planetary roller extruder housing. After DE 101 2006 001 171 For example, a planetary roller part in which a pressure drop for degassing takes place is provided with a side-arm extruder.

However, the side arm extruder is not used for material entry but for degassing. As usual, a negative pressure is applied. At the same time, the extruder is preferably driven in the mode material input, but empty, so that the side-arm extruder pushes back the emerging from the planetary roller extruder melt. However, the gas contained in the melt can escape. Advantageously, such degassing opens up the possibility of degassing without a relaxation of the melt or pressure reduction of the melt in the extruder taking place to the same extent as in conventional degassing. As a result, degassing is significantly more flexible in application.

Optionally, the side arm extruder can also be run with a material loading, which still makes possible degassing by the supplied with the side arm extruder material. The negative pressure of the degassing should be less than the conveying effect of the Seitenarmextruders.

The side arm extruder can have different designs. There are single screw extruders, twin screw extruders and planetary roller extruders. The single-screw extruder is the cheapest type of extruder, but also the smallest-sized extruder. When using a single-screw extruder, the pitch of the screw should cause the desired conveying effect. At the same time, the screw flights and the screw diameter are designed for the melt to be degassed, and the screw is operated at a speed at which the melt to be degassed at most penetrates into the screw flights, but is conveyed back into the melt stream.

The twin-screw extruder has two parallel juxtaposed and intermeshing screws. Although the twin-screw extruder is more expensive than a single-screw extruder. However, the twin-screw extruder has a much larger conveying effect than a single-screw extruder. Nevertheless, the twin-screw extruder is still relatively cheap. In addition, the twin-screw extruder still builds very small. Due to the high conveying effect can be easily ensured with the twin-screw extruder that the melt to be degassed remains in the melt stream. As far as a simultaneous material input is also provided, this can also be achieved favorably with the high conveying effect.

Optionally, a planetary roller part is also used for this side arm extruder. In the degassing application, this same planetary roller part can be driven so as to provide a pressure drop over the pressure in the preceding planetary roller part in the planetary roller part forming the side-arm extruder. This can be achieved by various measures. This includes structural measures as well as operational measures. A very advantageous structural measure is the reduction in the number of rotating planets. The reduction in the number of rotating planets takes place in that a part of the planetary spindles is taken out of the planetary roller part. It is important that the remaining planetary spindles are evenly distributed around the central spindle. The minimum number of planetary spindles is 3, preferably at least a number of 4 planetary spindles is provided to come to a safe and quieter running of the planetary spindles. Optionally, the planetary spindles are also wholly or partially replaced by shorter planetary spindles or planetary spindles with less promotion. The lower subsidy arises, for example, by changing the teeth. In an initial equipment of a planetary roller part, the replacement is omitted and the number of planetary spindles compared to the previous planetary roller part is reduced. With other / modified toothing only planetary spindles are meant that remain functional with the central spindle and the internally toothed housing. The other teeth can arise because individual sections of the toothing have been removed. The other teeth can also arise from the fact that in the teeth an opposite toothing is milled. Then arise so-called Noppenspindeln the applicant. The nubs spindles cause a pressure drop and at the same time a higher mixing performance. This favors the degassing.

It can also be changed teeth, z. B. be provided with a larger game.

Other planetary gear parts of larger or smaller dimensions may also be used. This includes both smaller and larger housings with the same central spindles. This includes other smaller central spindles. This is possible because the central spindles are composed of sleeves which are clamped by an internal rod, and because smaller or larger sleeves can be mounted on the rod or existing sleeves can be replaced by others.

Optionally, the individual pressure reduction measures can also be combined in whole or in part.

By changing the screw speed, the gas vent can be controlled.

Optionally, a multi-stage degassing is provided. In this case, the degassing described above, a further degassing at another point of the extruder.

The planned for the degassing planetary roller part is preferably equal to that provided for as the side arm extruder planetary roller part. The planetary roller part is indeed oversized for the application of degassing.

The page entry described above has proven itself. Nevertheless, the invention has the task of improving the page entry yet. The invention is based on the recognition that in the area of the page entry a weak point can occur on the teeth.

According to the invention, the vulnerability is achieved with the features of the main claim. Preferred embodiments are described in the subclaims.

Characteristic of the measures according to the invention is a special design of the teeth of the internal toothing of the housing at the tooth ends, which face the feed housing of the side entry. According to the invention, these tooth ends fall off, so that a tooth fracture is avoided at these tooth ends. The tooth ends should have at most one inclination, which is steeper by 5 degrees than the inclination of the tooth flanks to the pitch circle diameter of the toothing. Preferably, the slope is at least 5 degrees less steep than the slope of the tooth flanks, even more preferably at least 10 degrees less steep than the slope of the tooth flanks, and most preferably at least 15 degrees less steep than the slope of the tooth flanks. The tooth ends do not have to be inclined over the entire radial length. A very significant reduction in the risk of tooth breakage already arises when the tooth ends are inclined at least at their outer third (based on the tooth height) of the end. Preferably, the tooth ends are inclined at least at their outer half (with respect to the tooth height) inclined, even more preferably at least 2/3 (based on the tooth height) inclined at the end and most preferably inclined at its entire end.

It is also favorable if all edges are broken on the inclination surface of the tooth ends. Preferably, the slope surface is rounded at least at the edges. Preferably, the radius of curvature has at least a dimension which is at least 10% of the thickness of the teeth on the tooth top, more preferably at least 20% of the thickness of the teeth on the tooth top and most preferably at least 30% of the thickness of the teeth on the tooth top.

Optionally, teeth, which are cut through the hole for the page entry only on the tooth flanks, are severed in the truncated area, so that even there arise ends that are protected in the above form from breaking out. The effect of the extruder, as well as the inclination of the teeth, has only negligible influence.

The inventive slope and optionally rounding can be brought about by grinding. Conveniently, a grinding with a machine-guided grinding machine. If in doubt, the grinding can also be done by hand.

In the drawing, various embodiments for a page entry are shown for better understanding, as shown in the DE 10 2006 001 171 are known. In further figures, the inventive tendency of the tooth ends is explained.

It is in the 2 to 7 a planetary roller part for an extruder 1 shown, which is intended for both a degassing and for a known material entry.

1 shows an extruder for the processing of plastic with four sections. Three extruder sections are formed as planetary roller extruder sections, the fourth extruder section is formed as a single-screw extruder and is used for material feed. There are with 5 the housing of the planetary roller extruder sections and the housing of the single-screw extruder section with 1 designated. Every case 5 has welded flanges 6 and 7 , which are screwed together in a manner not shown with each other. The housing 1 is with flanges 3 and 4 provided, like the flanges 6 and 7 serve the attachment. Every case 1 and 5 is lined inside with sockets. Furthermore, channels are shown on the inside of the housing, which are acted upon by heating medium or coolant as needed.

The illustrated ends of the housing 5 are turned out at the back and each with a centering ring 11 and stop ring and wear ring 8th Mistake. The thrust ring and wear ring 8th forms the sliding surface for planetary spindles 10 , The thrust ring and wear ring 8th has an inner diameter smaller than the designated rolling radius of the planetary spindles 10 is.

All extruder sections have a common spindle. This common spindle is in the range of planetary roller extruder sections with 9 and forms the central spindle there. In the area of the feeding single-screw extruder section, the common spindle with 19 designated. The feed is plastic in the exemplary embodiment and is through a funnel through an opening 2 metered. The plastic is compressed in the first extruder section and pressurized and heated so that plasticization of the plastic already takes place. In the second extruder section, a metered addition and mixing with fillers takes place; in the third extruder section a homogenization of the melt. In the last extruder section, the melt is cooled to the outlet temperature.

The processed melt occurs at the extruder tip 12 in an extrusion die, not shown.

In 4 is a planetary roller with a side arm extruder 20 intended for the dosing of material. The side arm extruder is designed as a twin-screw extruder. The twin-screw extruder consists of two counter-rotating screws, which press the material to be introduced under considerable pressure into the relevant planetary roller extruder section. In the exemplary embodiment, a fine-grained solid, for example a filler, is introduced via the side-arm extruder to disperse the material in a melt located in the planetary roller extruder section. In other embodiments, melt is introduced via the side-arm extruder into the planetary roller extruder section and dispersed in fine-grained solids located in the planetary roller extruder section.

The housing of the side arm extruder is in several parts. The headboard 21 sits as a feed housing in a bore of the planetary roller extruder housing 5 , The bore also penetrates the associated socket 22 and closes with the inner surface of the socket 22 from.

In the exemplary embodiment, the side-arm extruder is suitable for generating very high entry pressures. In addition, the Seitenarmextruder is reversible in the direction of rotation, so that with the Seitenarmextruder also an induced draft can be established.

In the embodiment of 1 can the in 4 illustrated planetary roller part 5 both immediately after the material intake or filling part as a second planetary roller part as well as after the second filling part as a third planetary roller part are used.

In the application as a second planetary roller part of the serves in 4 illustrated planetary roller part 5 in the embodiment for entering a filler. In the application as the third planetary roller part of the serves in 4 illustrated planetary roller part 5 for degassing. In this case, the Seitenarmextruder has been brought by reversing the direction of rotation of pressures on suction and the number of planetary gear spindles has been reduced from 6 to 4, so that only a fraction of the melt pressure is formed, which arises in the second planetary roller part. As a result, the melt undergoes a considerable pressure drop when it enters the third planetary roller part. This frees trapped gas and drains it through the side arm extruder.

In a further embodiment according to 3 that's enough 30 denoted extruder housing of the side arm extruder to the housing 5 approach. The extruder housing 30 is with an insert 31 connected in a bore of the housing 5 sitting. The use 31 has on its outside three superimposed grooves 32 and 34 , Between two grooves 32 and 34 there is a footbridge 33 , These grooves form connecting channels. There are two connecting channels provided because the teeth of the socket 22 has been interrupted by the associated hole in two places. Each link channel is destined for an interrupt and connects one interrupt end to the associated other interrupt end. The benefits 32 and 34 are through an outer pipe jacket 35 closed so that no heating medium or coolant can enter or exit incorrectly. In the exemplary embodiment is an inlet opening 37 the groove 34 shown. The inlet opening of the groove 32 lies at another, not shown place. The outlet opening is in the embodiment on the diametrically opposite side, not shown, of the insert 31 ,

The embodiment according to 4 shows the use of an extruder for foam production. It is about an insert 40 which is in the extruder housing 5 sitting, liquid propellant pumped into the plastic melt. In the area of the socket 41 an unillustrated insert is provided, depending on the application 3 differs in that only one connecting channel is provided.

Embodiments 5 to 7 show a planetary roller extruder module with a housing 101 and a flanged side arm extruder.

The planetary roller module has an extruder housing with an internally toothed bushing disposed therein 90 , The housing 101 is on the socket 90 shrunk.

The socket 90 has outside channels 91 for temperature control, preferably coolant. The channels 91 run helically on the outer surface of the bush and are formed by milling. There are two different temperature control ranges are provided in the embodiment. The one area is through inflows and outflows 120 . 121 the other area by inflows and outflows 122 . 123 , Inside is the socket 90 with a toothing 92 provided as required to cooperate with the planetary spindles shown in FIG. There is a hole for the side arm extruder 93 intended. The hole 93 penetrates into the interior of the socket 90 , The hole is stepped. It has a part with a larger diameter and a part with a smaller diameter. At the transition from one diameter to the other diameter, this leads to a gradation with a footprint 102 on the housing. Of the Bore will be different teeth of gearing 92 penetrated. This results in tooth ends, of which in 8th an end 94 is shown. To the tooth end 94 belong to a tooth head 95 and a scored tooth root 97 , The radial distance from the tenfoot 97 to the tooth head 95 is the tooth height 99 ,

From the tooth end, a part has been ground, so that a straight cut surface 96 arises, which is approximately trapezoidal. The cut surface 96 runs inclined in the embodiment. The angle of inclination to the longitudinal axis of the bush is equal to the slope of the tooth 94 plus 10 degrees. For curved tooth flanks, the slope is the mean edge slope between the tooth tip 95 and the tooth base 97 , Through the cut surface 96 arise edges which are rounded in other embodiments.

The side arm extruder is a twin-screw extruder and consists of different parts. These include two juxtaposed snails 116 which mesh with each other and are driven by a motor. Between engine and screws 116 are a gearbox and a clutch 111 with a housing 115 intended. In addition, the side arm extruder of a filling part and a 109 and an extrusion part 102 composed. The filling part 109 has an opening for a material supply, not shown. In the exemplary embodiment, the filling part is not used for material supply but for degassing. The material supply is through a connected suction line under negative pressure.

The side arm extruder has in the extrusion part 102 a temperature-controlled housing. The housing has a stepped end 104 with which it is in a bore 103 sitting, extending through the housing of the planetary roller part 101 and extends through the associated socket into the interior of the planetary roller module. The drilling requires in the area of inflows and outflows 122 . 123 a special guide provided for the tempering channels on the outside of the socket. There, the channels have been guided around the area of the bore, so that the environment of the bore is tempered. Additional possibility for tempering results in the environment by the tempered front end of the Seitenarmextruders.

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• DE 10356423 [0015, 0017, 0022, 0027]
• DE 102006001171 [0015, 0016, 0027, 0045]
• DE 1012006001171 [0027, 0027]

Claims (13)

Extruder in Planetwalzenbauweise or with modular design and a planetary roller module, which consists of an extruder housing with at least one rotating in the extruder housing central spindle and planetary rotating spindles, which mesh on the one hand with the rotating central spindle and on the other hand with an internal toothing in the extruder barrel, in particular with an extruder housing, which has a temperature, wherein for controlling a seated in the extruder housing bushing and wherein between the sleeve and the extruder housing channels are provided, which are flowed through with coolant and / or heating means, wherein the bush has an internal toothing, with the rotating planetary spindles, wherein on the extruder housing of the planetary roller extruder or on the extruder housing of the planetary roller module, a side arm extruder is flanged and was brought for the side arm extruder a bore through the housing and its internal teeth n is, wherein the side arm extruder projects directly or with an insert at most to the tooth base of the internal teeth in the planetary roller extruder or the planetary roller module, characterized in that the tooth ends formed by the bore drop off on the drilling side, the tooth ends bore side having at most one inclination, which by 5 Degree is steeper than the inclination of the tooth flanks to the pitch circle diameter of the toothing. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the tooth ends bore side have a slope which is less steep by at least 5 degrees than the inclination of the tooth flanks to the pitch circle diameter of the toothing. Apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that the tooth ends bore side have an inclination which is less steep by at least 15 degrees than the inclination of the tooth flanks to the pitch circle diameter of the toothing. Device according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the tooth ends are inclined at least at their outer third, based on the tooth height. Apparatus according to claim 4, characterized in that the tooth ends are inclined at least on the outer half, based on the tooth height. Apparatus according to claim 5, characterized in that the tooth ends at least on the outer 2/3, relative to the tooth height, inclined. Device according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that all edges are broken at the tooth ends. Device according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized by a rounding at all edges of the tooth end. Apparatus according to claim 8, characterized in that the radius of the rounding is at least equal to 10% of the thickness of the teeth on the tooth tip. Apparatus according to claim 9, characterized in that the radius of the rounding is at least equal to 20% of the thickness of the teeth on the tooth head. Apparatus according to claim 10, characterized in that the radius of the rounding is at least equal to 30% of the thickness of the teeth on the tooth head. Device according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that teeth, which are only cut through the hole, are severed in the truncated area, so that there tooth ends arise. Device according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized by ground inclinations and curves at the tooth ends.

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