DE102011119599A1 - Internal combustion engine for power and heat generation, has a reformer, and a gas dehumidifier or active adsorber, arranged at upstream side of fuel flow and/or at downstream side of reformer, while being arranged in exhaust stream - Google Patents

Abstract

The internal combustion engine comprises a reformer and a gas dehumidifier or an active adsorber (11). The gas dehumidifier is arranged at the upstream side of fuel flow and/or at the downstream side of the reformer and is arranged in the exhaust stream of the internal combustion engine. At least two gas dehumidifiers are mounted, and an intermediate cooling device and/or an intermediate heating device is arranged between the two gas dehumidifiers. One of the gas dehumidifiers is arranged at the heat-dissipating side at the upstream of a heat exchanger. An independent claim is included for an operating method of internal combustion engine.

Description

The invention relates to an internal combustion engine and to a method for operating an internal combustion engine.

In particular, the invention relates to a stationary, powered by natural gas and / or methane used for power and heat generation internal combustion engine.

Such internal combustion engines are used in the prior art for the provision of electricity and heat in the decentralized power supply. In this case, the aim is to achieve the highest possible mechanical or thermodynamic efficiency, since the mechanically provided work to provide electricity and the thermally provided work - mostly this waste heat - is used to provide heating, with electricity in the energy market is preferably higher annealed as heating heat.

It is therefore an object of the invention to provide an internal combustion engine with a higher mechanical or thermodynamic efficiency.

To solve the problem, an internal combustion engine is proposed, which is characterized by at least one reformer and at least one gas dehumidifier. The reformer, which is fed with fuel gas, for example natural gas or methane, can be used advantageously to use heat emitted by the internal combustion engine for the chemical conversion of the fuel gas. By means of the heat extracted from an exhaust gas stream or a cooling water flow of the internal combustion engine, the composition of the fuel gas can consequently be changed via an endothermic reaction and the calorific value of the fuel gas can be increased, whereby the energy of the internal combustion engine escaping as thermal energy of the internal combustion engine returns via the fuel to at least partially unused energy can be supplied.

The synthesis gas formed from the fuel gas in the reformer can have an undesirably high proportion of water vapor after exiting the reformer, which on the one hand advantageously increase the thermodynamic efficiency of the internal combustion engine but on the other hand can greatly reduce the temperature of the exhaust gases leaving the internal combustion engine.

The reformer used to form synthesis gas has, according to the prior art, a reformer efficiency which depends on the temperature of the reformer, that is to say on the temperature of the exhaust gas of the internal combustion engine. However, in order to avoid soot formation, the reformer is supplied with a higher proportion of water vapor than is necessary to form the reformer gas. The water vapor and the fuel gas used are catalytically split and recombined to form a synthesis gas with a different composition. In addition to water vapor, a synthesis gas thus contains, depending on the degree of reformer efficiency, a residual portion of the fuel gas as well as hydrogen, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide. The improvement of the thermodynamic efficiency follows, as can be seen immediately, from the higher fuel value of the hydrogen and from better burning properties -. As burning speed and burning temperature - compared to the fuel gas, such as methane.

In order to positively influence the reforming efficiency with respect to the synthesis gas formed, an internal combustion engine equipped to reduce the water vapor content with a gas dehumidifier may be characterized in that the gas dehumidifier is arranged in a fuel stream upstream and / or downstream of the reformer. As can be seen immediately, such an arrangement lowers the water vapor content in the fuel gas or in the synthesis gas, which form the fuel stream, whereby the exhaust gas temperature of the internal combustion engine can be maintained at a level which is advantageous for the synthesis of the synthesis gas.

In a similar mode of action, it is furthermore advantageous for an internal combustion engine when the gas dehumidifier is arranged in an exhaust gas stream of the internal combustion engine. The separation of water from the exhaust gas can be advantageously used to initiate the formation of synthesis gas in the reformer, if for the formation of the synthesis gas water vapor - for example in the steam reforming - is used.

Reformation, as already explained above, the formation of a carbon monoxide and hydrogen-containing synthesis gas using a hydrocarbon -. As methane - and steam or a combination of water vapor and carbon dioxide understood. At an internal combustion engine according to the invention with reformer can also be used for the implementation of carbon monoxide and to form additional hydrogen, the water gas shift reaction. The reformer efficiency is thus, as can be immediately seen, defined as the quotient of actually formed hydrogen and maximum hydrogen which can be formed from the methane or natural gas stream used.

The synthesis gas may further consist of a methane or natural gas stream entering the reformer, which already has a hydrogen content greater than 0%.

In particular, it is advantageous for an internal combustion engine with reformer, if the internal combustion engine is characterized by at least two gas dehumidifier, wherein between the two gas dehumidifiers at least one intermediate cooling and / or an intermediate heating are arranged. An intermediate cooling between two gas dehumidifiers, which can be arranged for the separation of water vapor in the fuel stream, in particular in the synthesis gas stream, can thus be advantageously used to increase the degree of separation or the water separated absolutely from the fuel stream. By contrast, an intermediate heating, which can advantageously be arranged between two gas dehumidifiers, can be used to regenerate a gas dehumidifier from a saturated state, wherein the previously stored water vapor is withdrawn from the gas dehumidifier. This arrangement is particularly advantageous in gas dehumidifiers, which extract water vapor by adsorption the fuel stream or even the exhaust stream.

As already explained above, it is advantageous for an internal combustion engine when the gas dehumidifier is an adsorber. It goes without saying that adsorbers can also be absorbers. The use of an adsorber as a gas dehumidifier offers the advantage that one can operate with a higher temperature of the available heat sink than would be the case with an exclusive drying by condensation. In this case, the heat source already present on the internal combustion engine can be used for separating water vapor or for regenerating the adsorber when it is saturated with water vapor. Such a heat source may for example consist of an exhaust gas stream of the internal combustion engine.

Furthermore, it is advantageous for an internal combustion engine having at least two gas dehumidifiers, if between the two gas dehumidifiers at least one heat exchanger is arranged, wherein a heat-emitting side of the heat exchanger upstream of the first of the two gas dehumidifier is arranged and wherein a heat-absorbing side of the heat exchanger downstream of the first of the two heat exchangers and is arranged upstream of the second of the two heat exchangers. This refinement, which is also advantageous for an internal combustion engine independently of the above features, offers the advantage of protecting the first of the two adsorbers against destruction by overheating, in that a portion of the heat flow present in the stream flowing through the gas dehumidifier is present before the first Gas dehumidifier is decoupled. At the same time, the temperature level which is supplied to the second gas dehumidifier is adjusted to the temperature level of the first gas dehumidifier by coupling the heat flow removed before the first gas dehumidifier into the material flow between the two gas dehumidifiers. It is immediately apparent that both the process management of such an arrangement by the equalization of the temperature levels and the mechanical stress and dimensioning of the two components are matched and thus reduced costs and the reliability can be improved.

The use of an adsorber for separating water vapor in an internal combustion engine is also particularly advantageous if the adsorber is initially arranged in the fuel stream of the internal combustion engine and is arranged in the exhaust stream after reaching a water saturation, wherein a second adsorber alternately first in the exhaust stream and after Regeneration is arranged in the fuel stream.

In order to solve the input task alternatively or cumulatively to the above-described embodiment of the invention, a method for operating an internal combustion engine is further proposed, which is characterized in that a fuel flow of the internal combustion engine and / or an exhaust gas stream of the internal combustion engine water vapor is withdrawn. By means of this method, on the one hand, the efficiency of the reformer can be increased in such a way that a higher exhaust gas energy can be supplied to the reformer reforming or that for the reforming water from the exhaust gas can be removed, as already related has been explained with the above-explained internal combustion engine with reformer and gas dehumidifier.

In this respect, it is advantageous for a higher thermodynamic efficiency of the internal combustion engine for the inventive method when the internal combustion engine from a reformer with the fuel flow, especially when the fuel flow is reformed in the reformer at least partially fed.

Also, it is advantageous for the above-described method, when the fuel stream and / or the exhaust gas stream of water vapor is removed by adsorption and / or condensation, so that an advantageous favorable but also in easy way adjustable dehumidification can be used. While a condenser has the pronounced advantage of being used continuously, the use of the adsorber or a combination of condenser and adsorber in the method described offers the possibility of achieving improved drying in the heat sink available in each case. In addition, in some embodiments, process steam can be made available for reforming.

It is also advantageous for the method if the fuel stream is reformed by means of an exhaust gas enthalpy which is transferred from the exhaust gas stream into the fuel stream. This offers, as explained in detail above, the possibility of re-coupling energy contained in the exhaust gas stream via a chemical recuperation to the thermodynamic process of the internal combustion engine, so that the energy flow emitted into the environment can be reduced. The described advantage also results when the heat energy contained in the exhaust gas flow is fed into a district heating or process heat network and used for heating of living space or production processes, since mechanical energy relative to thermal energy of higher value, so with less Entropiebildung, can be used and the industrial application better reimbursed, so offers a pecuniary advantage.

For the use of an adsorber in the above-described method, it is likewise advantageous if an adsorber arranged in the fuel stream and / or in the exhaust stream first extracts water from the fuel stream and / or the exhaust stream in chronological sequence and then by means of a further fuel stream and / or by means of a regenerated further exhaust stream. The use of an adsorbent for dehumidification can thus be applied structurally simple in the inventive method using the heat contained in the exhaust gas with a low overhead, since usually an adsorbent for dehumidification is saturated with water after a defined period and regeneration should be performed , The use of the exhaust gas, cooling water heat and / or lubricant heat arising in any case on the internal combustion engine thus offers the possibility of dispensing with complex processes and designs for regeneration.

In this respect, it is also advantageous for the method when the adsorber is regenerated by means of a cooling water and / or lubricant flow of the internal combustion engine.

For the method explained above with the further fuel stream and / or the further exhaust gas stream, it is furthermore advantageous if the further fuel stream is a primary fuel stream fed to the reformer and / or the further exhaust gas stream is a reformer exhaust gas stream. In this respect, the further fuel flow from the already existing fuel flow and / or the further exhaust gas flow can be taken from the existing exhaust gas flow. It is understood that the ratio of fuel flow and further fuel flow or from exhaust gas flow and further exhaust gas flow does not necessarily have to be in equilibrium, ie 1: 1. Rather, an unequal distribution of the mass flows, depending on the size of the adsorber used, be advantageous for the process.

Primary fuel flow is furthermore understood to mean any fuel flow which is fed to the reformer or used as input fuel for the reforming and production of the synthesis gas.

The method can be used particularly advantageously with the further fuel stream and the further exhaust gas stream if the method is characterized by a parallel adsorber, the adsorber and the parallel adsorber alternating first upstream of the reformer and subsequently downstream of the reformer and / or first upstream of a condenser and subsequently are arranged downstream of the condenser, wherein the upstream adsorber or parallel adsorber delivers water vapor and the downstream adsorber or parallel adsorber receives water vapor. This arrangement also favors a continuous treatment of the fuel flow and / or the exhaust gas flow through the adsorber, since during the regeneration of the adsorber, the parallel adsorber continues the process maintained by the adsorber and thus a total of continuous dehumidification or humidification can take place.

Furthermore, it is advantageous for the described method when the fuel stream and / or exhaust gas stream is cooled before the removal of the water vapor, whereby the dew point can be lowered and the absolute humidity can be reduced by a larger amount than would be the case without cooling. In addition, there is the advantage that the adsorber by possibly existing heat in the fuel stream and / or in the exhaust stream gives off additional moisture, since it comes into the regeneration, instead of withdrawing moisture.

It is also advantageous for the method, if this is distinguished by a serial adsorber, wherein a flow of material passed through the adsorber and the serial adsorber is intercooled between the adsorber and the serial adsorber and / or is warmed up. The material stream passed through the adsorber, which may be the fuel stream, the further fuel stream, the exhaust stream, the further offgas stream, the primary fuel stream and / or synthesis gas stream, is subjected to greater drying by the intermediate cooling, in that a higher relative humidity is present at the inlet of the serial adsorber and can use another dehumidification. Furthermore, the interim heating causes a more efficient regeneration of the serial adsorber initiate, since by a heat absorption in the adsorber available for the regeneration of the serial adsorber amount of heat can turn out lower.

For the method explained above, it is also advantageous if the method includes a serial adsorber, wherein a stream of material passed through the adsorber and the serial adsorber is cooled before entry into the adsorber by means of a heat exchanger and heated between the adsorber and the serial adsorber by means of the heat exchanger. As already explained above, can be protected from overheating and possible destruction by decoupling an amount of heat or heat flow in front of the adsorber of this adsorber. The renewed coupling of the heat removed in front of the adsorber into the stream downstream of the adsorber furthermore leads to a rise in the temperature of the stream cooled in the adsorber and entering the serial adsorber. Regeneration of the serial adsorber will consequently be able to take place under better conditions due to the increased temperature level.

It is understood that the above-mentioned features and configurations of the present invention are also advantageously advantageous for an internal combustion engine and for a method for operating an internal combustion engine.

Further embodiments and details of the present invention will be explained with reference to the following description of the figures. In the figures show:

1 an arrangement with two serially arranged adsorbers, a condenser and a water separator for dehumidifying a syngas stream;

2 an arrangement with two serially arranged adsorbers, a cooler and a water separator for dehumidifying an exhaust gas stream;

3 an adsorber carrier for changing adsorber positions;

4 a drum adsorber for continuous adsorption and regeneration;

5 an arrangement of three serial active adsorbers and three regenerating adsorbers;

6 an arrangement of a reformer and a heat exchanger on an internal combustion engine with turbocharger; and

7 an arrangement of an adsorber, a serial adsorber and a heat exchanger.

Between two serially arranged adsorbers 1 , an active adsorber 11 and a regenerating adsorber 12 , are is a cooler 13 and a water separator 14 arranged, wherein the overall arrangement is flowed through by a synthesis gas stream. A moist synthesis gas 15 is formed in a reformer, which in one of the 1 is shown upstream overall arrangement. The moist synthesis gas 15 is first in the regenerating adsorber 12 passed, in which it receives more stored in the adsorber moisture, ie water vapor. The regenerating adsorber 12 is dehumidified in the course of the process by means of the moist synthesis gas at elevated temperature, whereby the regenerating adsorber 12 following dehumidification of the moist synthesis gas 15 can be used.

The synthesis gas, which the arrangement according to 1 as dried synthesis gas 16 leaves to be fed to a downstream internal combustion engine as fuel, first, after it is in the regenerating adsorber 12 more water vapor has been loaded to the radiator 13 and the water separator 14 fed. In this case, a partial deposition of the occurs in the wet synthesis gas 15 contained as well as from the regenerating Adsober 12 taken from the water. In contrast to the regenerating adsorber 12 , which for regeneration a hot gas stream, so the wet synthesis gas 15 with a temperature around 250 ° C to 300 ° C, needed, is deposited in the water separator 14 a heat sink in the radiator 13 needed. For this purpose is the radiator 13 optionally connected to a cooling circuit of the downstream internal combustion engine or to a separate cooling circuit, whereby, due to the limited by the ambient temperature heat sink, only a partial dehumidification of the wet synthesis gas 15 he follows.

Dehumidifying the moist synthesis gas 15 the final desired level of moisture is achieved after the water separator 14 through the active adsorber 11 , This active adsorbers 11 as well as the regenerating adsorber 12 Contains hydrophilic material, such as a zeolite or silica gel, which in the wet synthesis gas 15 Adsorbed water vapor contained stores and at its output the dried synthesis gas 16 provides. It should be noted that instead of a zeolite or instead of silica gel, other technologies for the deposition of the wet in the synthesis gas synthesis 12 contained water are conceivable.

The storage of water vapor in the active adsorber 11 is limited by the storage capacity of the material used for dehumidifying, which leads to the need for regeneration of the adsorber used. The regeneration takes place here, as already indicated above, by the in the wet synthesis gas 15 contained heat flow, which leads to a desorption of the previously stored water. To the loaded active adsorber 11 to regenerate become the active adsorber 11 and the regenerating adsorber, after it has been previously regenerated, optionally either reversed in position or the flow direction of the synthesis gas reversed.

In a similar way as the dehumidification of the moist synthesis gas 15 according to the arrangement 1 takes place, according to the arrangement 2 a moist exhaust 25 dried. The drying of the moist exhaust gas 25 which is dried exhaust gas 26 , an active adsorber 21 leaves, also done by means of a cooler 23 , a water separator 24 and said active adsorber 21 , The deposition of the wet exhaust gas 25 contained water, unlike the arrangement after 1 , which increases the temperature of the exhaust gas exiting the internal combustion engine due to the thermodynamics of the internal combustion engine via the separation of the water, fed to the reformer to provide in this steam for the production of the synthesis gas. Consequently, a closed water loop can be realized on the reformer, whereby the supply of external water for the production of synthesis gas is not necessary.

To change the positions of the active adsorber 11 . 21 and the regenerating adsorber 12 . 22 is an adsorber carrier 41 to 3 intended. The adsorber carrier 41 has six Adsorberhalter in the illustrated embodiment 45 which are about an axis of rotation 44 of the adsorber carrier 41 rotate and taking three each in the respective Adsorberhaltern 45 adsorber located through an active side 42 and three in other Adsorberhaltern 45 Adsorber located through a regeneration side 43 of the adsorber carrier 41 be guided. As can be seen immediately, consequently corresponds to one on the active side 42 located adsorber after the 1 and 2 described active adsorbers 11 . 21 and one on the regeneration side 43 Adsorbent the regenerating adsorbers 12 . 22 ,

In addition to the stepwise changing of the adsorber positions, whereby a respective active adsorber 11 . 12 in a regenerating adsorber 12 . 22 are transferred in the adsorber holders 45 guided adsorber, in deviation from the above-described embodiments, on the active side 42 as well as on the Regerationsseite 43 guided through three positions, whereby a three-stage drying or a three-stage regeneration is realized. The on the active side 42 arranged active adsorber 11 . 21 are in the described embodiment with each other fluidically connected, wherein the on the active side 42 Guided synthesis gas stream or exhaust gas flow successively all three active adsorber 11 . 21 flows through. When using the adsorber carrier 41 for drying a synthesis gas stream is the one on the active side 42 arranged adsorber, which has been regenerated last, facing the engine and consequently is flowed through the last with the synthesis gas. The one on the active side 42 arranged adsorber, which shortly before entering the regeneration side 43 is, is flowed through by the synthesis gas first. This arrangement of the adsorbers in the syngas stream causes the syngas in its entry state, when the water load is maximum, to enter the adsorber which has the largest loading and that the synthesis gas shortly before its exit state, when the water loading goes to a minimum those adsorber enters, which has been regenerated shortly before and thus has the lowest loading. It is immediately apparent that this arrangement and flow direction allows a maximum dehumidification of the synthesis gas.

The embodiment described also offers the possibility (not shown) to provide intermediate cooling and / or intermediate reheating of the synthesis gas stream between the respective adsorbers.

If instead of the synthesis gas, an exhaust gas stream by means of the adsorber 41 and dried a three-stage drying, will be on the three on the active side 42 arranged adsorbers the same flow direction, the internal combustion engine in this case the adsorber on the inlet side, ie the most loaded adsorber, is assigned.

As can be seen immediately next to a three-stage arrangement of the adsorber also any multi-stage drying and regeneration used, provided the number of adsorber holders 45 is increased accordingly. In this respect, for a four-stage drying and regeneration, an adsorber carrier with eight adsorber holders 45 be used. Also, it is not necessarily the asset side 42 and the regeneration page 43 to make a multi-stage adsorber symmetrically. For example, a three-level asset page 42 with a two-stage regeneration page 43 be used. Likewise, it is alternatively also conceivable the adsorption carrier described 41 Also provide for a plurality of adsorbers, which are arranged parallel to each other, for example, three individual synthesis gas streams or three individual exhaust gas streams through the adsorber of the active side 42 guided and behind the adsorber 41 be merged. In such an embodiment, it is particularly advantageous if the adsorber carrier 41 each 180 ° about the axis of rotation 44 is rotated to use in the respective parallel streams adsorber with the same load, but this is not absolutely necessary.

A drum adsorber 51 to 4 as an alternative to the embodiment according to 3 is used for continuous adsorption and regeneration to ensure nonintermittent gas flow during the position change of individual adsorbers. Here is the drum adsorber 51 as a single adsorber with a plurality of to a rotation axis 54 running parallel adsorption channels (not shown). The individual adsorption channels pass through during a continuous rotation of the Trommeladsorbers 51 different active zones 55 and regeneration zones 56 , which according to the Adsorberpositionen of the embodiment 3 correspond and also allow a three-stage drying and regeneration. Also in this embodiment, a multi-stage drying and regeneration is therefore conceivable, as in the embodiment according to 3 also already been described. The three-stage drying is made possible in this case by the respective six (not shown) supply and discharge lines relative to the Trommeladsorber 51 are fixed to the housing and the Trommeladsorber 51 rotated between the supply and discharge lines.

Another arrangement of serially connected and multistage active adsorbers 61 and regenerating adsorbers 62 will be with reference to the embodiment according to 5 described. Here, first, a fuel gas 67 a heater 66 fed, in which the fuel gas 67 Absorbs heat and the first of three regenerating adsorbers 62 is fed, wherein the regenerating adsorber 62 the fuel stream 67 Supplying water. By cooling the fuel gas 67 , becomes in the second of the three heaters 66 the fuel gas 67 Heat is supplied again and the loading of the fuel gas 67 carried out with water two more times. The fuel gas 67 leaves the arrangement of the three on a regeneration page 64 arranged regenerating adsorbers 62 as a wet fuel gas 68 which a reformer to form a synthesis gas 69 is supplied.

As can be seen immediately, this becomes the regenerating adsorber 62 supplied fuel gas 67 not just to regenerate the regenerating adsorber 62 then used the synthesis gas 69 but also, in addition, already to the fuel gas supplied to the reformer 67 laden with water, which is used to form the synthesis gas 69 is required, as happens for example in the water gas shift reaction or the steam reforming.

The synthesis gas leaving the reformer 69 will be on an asset page 63 on three adsorbers 71 located active adsorbers 61 fed. Before the synthesis gas 69 in the three active adsorber this is in each case by a cooler 65 in which the relative humidity increases due to the shift of the dew point. Finally, this occurs on the asset side 63 supplied synthesis gas 69 as a dry synthesis gas 70 again, after which it is fed to an internal combustion engine. As already described above, a multi-stage arrangement of four or more, but also with one or two Adsorberträgern 71 conceivable.

The heaters used 66 are designed as heat exchangers, which are coupled on their heat-emitting side, for example, with the exhaust system of the internal combustion engine. This results in an economic use of waste heat usually not used exhaust heat. The coolers 65 in turn, which is the entering into this synthesis gas 69 Cooling, can work at a higher temperature level, for example 120 ° C, with one through the radiator 65 directed water stream is heated and vaporized during the synthesis gas 69 is cooled and at the same time the resulting steam can be used as process steam for the reformer. By cooling, the relative humidity increases and the subsequent adsorber can adsorb more moisture.

A heat exchanger 86 , which for heating a fuel gas 88 is used is after 6 in an exhaust system of an internal combustion engine 81 arranged. One from the internal combustion engine 81 exiting exhaust gas flow 87 first becomes a reformer 82 passed, which by means of the exhaust gas flow 87 located exhaust heat from the fuel gas 88 produces a syngas, and then drives a turbine 85 an exhaust gas turbocharger 83 the internal combustion engine 81 at. To the turbine 85 turn is a compressor 84 for compressing combustion air and / or the fuel gas 88 coupled. The fuel gas 88 is, as already described above, in the heat exchanger 86 heated to this a regenerating adsorber and then the reformer 82 supply.

To protect a regenerating adsorber 91 from destruction by a hot exhaust gas flow 93 is in front of the regenerating adsorber 91 at least in front of a first of two adsorbers connected in series, a heat exchanger 92 to 7 arranged. The exhaust gas flow 93 is first in the heat exchanger 92 cooled, after which in the regenerating adsorber 91 a loading of the exhaust stream 93 done with water. Then a sufficiently high temperature level in the exhaust stream 93 for another regenerating adsorber 91 , which in the illustrated embodiment is a serial adsorber, flows through it from the first of the two regenerating adsorbers 91 leaking and cooled exhaust turn the heat exchanger 93 to be heated in this. As can be seen immediately, this arrangement is not only a component protection for the first of the two adsorber, but also an adjustment of the temperature levels, so that both regenerating adsorber can be dimensioned similarly and achieve a similar efficiency, which in particular a serial arrangement according to the above Embodiments can be favored.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

11

active adsorber

12

regenerating adsorber

13

cooler

14

water

15

moist synthesis gas

16

dried synthesis gas

21

active adsorber Fig

22

regenerating adsorber

23

cooler

24

water

25

moist synthesis gas

26

dried synthesis gas

41

Adsorberträger

42

Assets

43

regeneration side

44

axis of rotation

45

Adsorberhalter

51

Trommeladsorber

52

Assets

53

regeneration side

54

axis of rotation

55

active zone

56

regeneration zone

61

active adsorber

62

regenerating adsorber

63

Assets

64

regeneration side

65

cooler

66

heaters

67

fuel gas

68

moist fuel gas

69

synthesis gas

70

dry synthesis gas

71

Adsorberträger

81

internal combustion engine

82

reformer

83

turbocharger

84

compressor

85

turbine

86

Heat exchanger

87

exhaust gas flow

88

fuel gas

91

regenerating adsorber

92

Heat exchanger

93

exhaust gas flow

Claims (17)

Internal combustion engine, characterized by at least one reformer and at least one gas dehumidifier. Internal combustion engine according to claim 1, characterized in that the gas dehumidifier is arranged in a fuel flow upstream and / or downstream of the reformer. Internal combustion engine according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the gas dehumidifier is arranged in an exhaust gas flow of the internal combustion engine. Internal combustion engine according to claims 1 to 3, characterized by at least two gas dehumidifiers, wherein between the two gas dehumidifiers at least one intermediate cooling and / or an intermediate heating is arranged. Internal combustion engine according to claims 1 to 4, characterized by at least two gas dehumidifiers, wherein between the two gas dehumidifiers at least one heat exchanger is arranged, wherein a heat-emitting side of the heat exchanger upstream of the first of the two gas dehumidifier is arranged and wherein a heat-absorbing side of the heat exchanger downstream of the first of two heat exchangers and upstream of the second of the two heat exchangers is arranged. Internal combustion engine according to claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the gas dehumidifier is an adsorber. Method for operating an internal combustion engine, characterized in that a fuel flow of the internal combustion engine and / or an exhaust gas stream of the internal combustion engine water vapor is withdrawn. A method according to claim 7, characterized in that the fuel stream and / or the exhaust gas stream of water vapor is removed by adsorption and / or by condensation. A method according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that the internal combustion engine is fed from a reformer with the fuel stream. Process according to claims 9, characterized in that the fuel flow in the reformer is at least partially reformed. Method according to claim 9, characterized in that the fuel stream is reformed by means of an exhaust gas enthalpy transferred from the exhaust gas stream into the fuel stream. Process according to claims 9 to 11, characterized in that an adsorber arranged in the fuel stream and / or in the exhaust stream initially extracts water from the fuel stream and / or the exhaust gas stream in time and is subsequently regenerated by means of a further fuel stream and / or by means of a further exhaust gas stream , A method according to claim 12, characterized in that the further fuel flow is a primary fuel flow supplied to the reformer and / or the further exhaust gas flow is a reformer exhaust gas stream. A method according to claim 13, characterized by a parallel adsorber, wherein the adsorber and the parallel adsorber are mutually arranged upstream of the reformer and subsequently downstream of the reformer and / or first upstream of a condenser and subsequently downstream of the condenser, the upstream adsorber or parallel adsorber delivering water vapor and the downstream adsorber or parallel adsorber receives water vapor. Process according to claims 7 to 14, characterized in that the fuel stream and / or exhaust gas stream is cooled before the withdrawal of the water vapor. Process according to claims 7 to 15, characterized by a serial adsorber, wherein a flow of material passed through the adsorber and the serial adsorber is intercooled and / or interposed between the adsorber and the serial adsorber. Process according to claims 7 to 16, characterized by a serial adsorber, wherein a stream of material passed through the adsorber and the serial adsorber is cooled before entry into the adsorber by means of a heat exchanger and heated between the adsorber and the serial adsorber by means of the heat exchanger.

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