DE102011117444B4 - Vehicle wheel, wheelset with this and rail vehicle - Google Patents

Abstract

Vehicle wheel for rail vehicles, comprising a wheel hub (2), a wheel rim (4) having a running surface (6) and a wheel disc (8) connecting the wheel hub (2) and the wheel rim (4), the wheel rim (4) and the wheel disc (8) by means of an inner circumferential engagement structure (10) of the Radkranzes (4) and an outer periphery engagement structure of the wheel plate (8) are positively connected, characterized in that along the inner circumference of the Radkranzes (4) at least partially an internal toothing (10) is formed; and that along the outer circumference of the wheel plate (8) at least in sections to the internal teeth (10) of the Radkranzes (4) corresponding external toothing (12) is formed, which is positively with the internal toothing (10) of the Radkranzes (4) into engagement.

Description

The invention relates to a vehicle wheel, in particular a disc wheel for rail vehicles. The invention likewise relates to a wheel set equipped with such a vehicle wheel and to a rail vehicle provided with such a wheel set.

Conventional rail vehicles drive on vehicle wheels, which are connected in pairs by an axle to wheelsets. There are different designs for the wheels of rail vehicles. Thus, a distinction is made between solid wheels, which are also known as "monobloc wheels", and wheels with wheel tires.

Solid wheels are cast or forged, for example, from steel and are now used in passenger transport, especially in high-speed rail transport. Wheels with tires consist of a wheel plate and a wheel tire attached to the wheel plate.

The wheels of rail vehicles usually consist of unalloyed or geringlegierten steel with a high degree of purity. The material properties are mainly determined by the chemical composition of the base material, the original or forming process and in particular by the heat treatment process.

In rail transport, the vehicle weight and thus the weight of the vehicle wheels is becoming increasingly important. On the one hand, high vehicle wheel weight requires, on the one hand, greater drive and braking forces, which limits the economy of rail vehicle operation. At the same time, a high vehicle wheel weight has a negative effect on the environmental compatibility and the crash behavior.

When driving, accelerating and braking of rail vehicles, the power transmission in the wheel-rail contact takes place exclusively by friction. The vehicle wheels therefore transmit large forces during operation of a rail vehicle and thus belong to the most stressed components. In particular, frequent acceleration and braking operations as well as the stress in curves lead to heavy wear of the vehicle wheels. In this case, a high vehicle wheel weight in turn leads to higher wear, since greater forces must be transmitted during acceleration and deceleration.

In order to ensure an ideal concentricity of the vehicle wheels and their damage-free operation is therefore at regular intervals a complete revision of the wheel treads in particular required, which is associated with a correspondingly high maintenance and repair costs.

In addition, ever higher train speeds in the operation of rail vehicles lead to a further increased stress on the vehicle wheels. On the one hand, this results in increased demands on the performance and safety of the rail wheels. In addition, the ever-increasing train speeds result in a further increase in maintenance and repair costs.

At the same time there is the objective to increase travel comfort in passenger transport steadily. In particular, the resulting in the operation of rail vehicles by the rolling of the vehicle wheels vibrations and thereby triggered sound emissions are to be reduced to a minimum.

The above requirements are met only insufficiently by existing vehicle wheels and wheel sets equipped with such wheels.

US 4,093,299 A describes a vehicle wheel according to the preamble of claim 1.

From the WO 97/44204 A1 is designed as a solid wheel rail wheel, which can be operated by the design of the wheel and the arrangement of vibration absorbers on the rim low sound. Likewise, full wheels over conventional wheels with wheel tires on a higher reliability, higher resistance to changing thermal stress and a longer service life due to a thicker wear zone. However, in the case of wear, the entire wheel must be replaced, whereby the maintenance and servicing friendliness of full wheels is limited. Furthermore, the lightweight construction potential of solid wheels is ultimately limited by the wheel center necessarily made of steel.

In contrast, rail wheels with tires basically have the advantage that different materials can be used for the wheel tire and the wheel disc and thereby the weight of the vehicle wheel can be reduced. So is out of the EP 0 065 086 A1 a rail wheel with tires known, in which the wheel tire and the wheel hub connecting wheel plate consists of a fiber composite material. The wheel rim is shrunk onto the wheel plate and connected by a splice adhesive or by a polyurethane elastomer. Accordingly, there is a tangential direction between the wheel rim and the wheel plate a positive and cohesive connection. However, this creates the risk of insufficient connection between the rim and wheel disc, so that it may come when accelerating or decelerating the rail vehicle to slippage of the wheel plate relative to the rim, whereby the reliability of the wheel is reduced.

Furthermore, in the case of wear of a rail wheel with tires in principle, it is only possible to replace the wheel tires instead of the entire wheel. However, the shrinking and gluing of the rim is associated with great expense, which makes the assembly and disassembly of such a rail wheel and thus the maintenance and repair difficult.

Furthermore, from the EP 0 864 445 B1 a rubber-sprung rail wheel with tires known in the screwed with the rim driver prevent slippage of the rim against the inner wheel body. For one, the assembly and disassembly of the EP 0 864 445 B1 known rail wheel associated with a lot of effort. In addition, the screwing of the driver on the rim requires a dimensioning for safe operation dimensioning, whereby the weight of the rail wheel is increased.

The invention is therefore based on the object to provide a vehicle wheel, in particular a disk wheel for a rail vehicle, which is lightweight, quiet and easy to assemble and maintain and excellent smooth running and continuous load characteristics for a reliable power transmission between the vehicle and the ground, especially rail, having.

Furthermore, a wheelset with such a vehicle wheel, in particular disc wheel for rail vehicles, and a rail vehicle to be created with such a wheelset.

The above object is achieved in terms of the vehicle according to the invention by claim 1, with respect to a wheelset and a rail vehicle according to the invention by the claims 24 and 27.

Advantageous embodiments of the vehicle wheel and the wheelset are the subject of the respective subclaims.

Due to the preferably positive and by means of an inner peripheral contour (engagement structure) of the Radkranzes and an outer peripheral contour (engagement structure) of the wheel disc, which are preferably fully engaged with each other, executed positive / non-positive connection between the rim and wheel plate is a particularly homogeneous and therefore load peaks avoiding power transmission within the vehicle wheel in the power flow between the tread over rim and wheel plate to the wheel hub and thus given at a wheel axle of a vehicle body, which ensures a smooth running and excellent performance of the vehicle wheel, in particular disc wheel. At the same time, the structure of the vehicle wheel offers the possibility of a lightweight construction without compromising the reliability and durability of the vehicle wheel. By preferably in the circumferential direction, d. H. in the tangential direction, provided direct form-fitting fitting engagement between the wheel plate and rim is a connection between the wheel plate and rim created that neither by temperature fluctuations during operation nor by mechanical operating loads, nor by a combination of these effects to increased or impermissible clearance between the wheel and wheel rim.

The term "tangential direction" is to be understood here as the direction along the outer circumference of the wheel disc and the direction along the inner circumference of the wheel rim, ie the circumferential direction, which coincides with the direction of rotation of the vehicle wheel.

Preferably, a direct and immediate positive connection between the inner circumference engagement structure of the Radkranzes and the outer peripheral engagement structure of the wheel plate, each with a relation to a cylindrical surface enlarged peripheral surface is provided, d. H. Preferably, a positive connection in a fit between the rim and wheel plate takes place without the aid of additional components such as screws, tension spring or the like and engage both parts directly into one another. For this purpose, the inner circumference engagement structure of the Radkranzes and the outer periphery engagement structure of the wheel plate with each other in the manner of a meshing engagement engageable form elements corresponding to each other through which a transmission of the drive and braking forces is ensured in operation of the vehicle wheel.

Due to the direct positive connection in the tangential direction, in particular the power flow between the wheel rim and the wheel plate is improved, so that the vehicle wheel as a whole can be dimensioned more easily.

Radkranz and Radteller are preferably along an entire outer circumference of the wheel plate with each other in force-transmitting connection.

At the same time this can be complicated assembly and disassembly operations, such as the introduction of adhesive into the mating surface between the rim and wheel plate, are avoided, which in addition to the manufacturing costs and the maintenance and repair of such a vehicle wheel is reduced.

According to an advantageous embodiment of the vehicle wheel, inner teeth are at least partially formed along the inner circumference of the wheel rim and at least sections along the outer circumference of the wheel plate one of the internal teeth of the Radkranzes and with this form-fitting engageable corresponding external teeth. The internal teeth and the external teeth engage tangentially in a tangential direction. Such gears, in particular round or serrations are inexpensive to produce and allow easy and safe installation and disassembly of the vehicle wheel. At the same time you ensure a safe power transmission, which increases the reliability of the vehicle wheel.

Preferably, the internal toothing along the entire inner circumference of the Radkranzes and the outer toothing along the entire outer circumference of the wheel plate is formed. As a result, over the circumference of the wheel well evenly distributed power transmission is ensured, whereby the reliability of the vehicle wheel is further improved. Preferably, the fits of the external and internal gears are formed so that neither by temperature fluctuations during operation nor by mechanical operating loads or combination of both creates an inadmissible for the safe operation of the vehicle wheel game.

Optionally, for the positive power transmission between the wheel disc and rim in the circumferential direction to join a force-fit, z. B. in connection with a predetermined temperature control of / between the wheel and wheel rim during assembly.

In a further advantageous embodiment, the internal toothing of the rim and the external toothing of the wheel plate are formed as splines. As a result, voltage peaks can be reduced in the teeth of the wheel plate and the rim, so that an additional reduced material stress of the rim and the wheel plate is ensured during operation of the vehicle wheel.

The assembly cost of a vehicle wheel for rail vehicles can be further reduced by the fact that the wheel plate is integrally formed. The integral construction of the wheel disc also increases the load capacity of the vehicle wheel, so that its reliability is further increased.

The number of components of the vehicle wheel can be further reduced by the fact that the wheel plate rests in the axial direction on a support portion of the Radkranzes. Thus, in a axial direction of the vehicle wheel, a positive securing of the wheel plate relative to the rim is ensured without the need for further components or assemblies are required. Preferably, the support portion is formed as a support collar which extends along the inner circumference of the Radkranzes and thus allows uninterrupted axial support of the wheel plate in the outer peripheral region.

According to a further advantageous embodiment of the wheel disc is connected in the axial direction by a snap ring with the rim. The axial securing of the wheel disc by a snap ring is associated with little installation effort and also ensures a high level of operational safety.

It is also possible to provide a further snap ring instead of a support collar for the installation of the wheel disc to the rim to secure in this way the wheel disc on both sides in the axial direction relative to the wheel rim.

Preferably, the snap ring engages in a circumferential groove on the inner circumference of the Radkranzes. The axial securing of the wheel plate relative to the rim can thereby be done with little handling and at the same time ensures high reliability.

Advantageously, the circumferential groove on the inner circumference of the Radkranzes have a wedge-shaped cross-section. Accordingly, the circlip may also have a wedge-shaped cross section corresponding to the cross section of the groove. In the operating position of the snap ring can thereby be minimized its axial clearance, which on the one hand increases the reliability and at the same time the noise emissions are minimized during operation of the vehicle wheel. At the same time the danger is reduced by the wedge-shaped design of the groove and the snap ring that the snap ring is tilted during assembly and handling safety is impaired.

According to a further advantageous embodiment, the snap ring consists of at least two arc-segment-shaped segments. Preferably, the snap ring consists of a total of four same arc segment-shaped segments. By segmenting the snap ring in two or more arc-section-shaped parts, it is possible to introduce the snap ring with little or no tension in the groove, whereby the risk of injury to the assembly and maintenance personnel is reduced.

In a further embodiment of the vehicle wheel, a securing ring is provided with a fixing portion and with a support portion, wherein the securing ring is connected via the attachment portion with the rim and wherein the support portion engages in the snap ring and the snap ring is supported at least in the radial direction. In particular, when using a segmented snap ring this can thus safely and easily kept in the groove of the rim and thus an axial securing of the wheel plate can be ensured relative to the rim. However, a circlip can increase the reliability of the vehicle even with a one-piece locking ring, since the retaining ring prevents unwanted jumping out of the snap ring from the groove.

In order to act on the snap ring in its operating position with an additional force in the radial direction, the inner circumference of the snap ring and the outer circumference of the support portion of the securing ring can form a conical fit. When screwing the locking ring, the support section accordingly exerts a radial force on the snap ring and additionally presses it into the groove formed on the inner circumference of the wheel rim.

A further preferred embodiment of the vehicle wheel provides that the wheel hub and the wheel plate are positively connected in the axial direction, whereby the reliability of the vehicle wheel is increased in particular in curves.

In a particularly advantageous manner, it can be provided that the wheel hub and the wheel plate are axially biased towards one another via a nut, which is screwed onto a thread of the wheel hub and supported on a first side surface of the wheel disk. In this case, the tightening torque of the nut can preferably be adjusted so that neither by temperature fluctuations during operation nor by mechanical loads an inadmissible clearance between the wheel disc and hub and at the same time the interface pressure of the Radtellerwerkstoffs is not exceeded.

In this case, the axial connection between the wheel plate and the wheel hub and the axial clamping can be accomplished particularly easily and with only a small number of components, that the wheel hub has a support shoulder which is supported on a second side surface of the wheel plate, wherein the second side surface on a is formed to the first side surface axially opposite side of the wheel disc.

Finally, according to a further advantageous embodiment of the vehicle wheel, the outer circumference of the wheel hub and the inner circumference of the wheel disc form a conical fit. Before mounting the vehicle wheel on the respective axle so there is the possibility to bias the wheel hub with the wheel plate in the radial direction. In particular, in the presence of such a conical fit by means of a nut which, as described above, screwed onto a thread of the wheel hub and is supported on a first side surface of the wheel plate, a radial strain of the wheel plate with the hub can be generated.

The necessary for generating the transmission of driving and braking torque frictional connection in the conical fit, preferably adjusts only when joining the complete vehicle with the axle shaft in that the hub produced on the inner circumference with undersize is pressed onto the axle shaft. By contrast, a bias of the wheel hub and the wheel plate in the radial direction preferably allows a default of the fit between the wheel plate and hub, so that in operation of the vehicle neither by temperature fluctuations nor by mechanical loads inadmissible in both the radial and axial direction play between the wheel disc and hub arises and at the same time the interface pressure of the vehicle wheel components are not exceeded.

Preferably, the vehicle wheel, in particular disc wheel of the type described above, a wheel hub, via which the vehicle can be connected to the wheel axle of a wheelset, a tread having a wheel rim and a wheel hub and the rim connecting wheel disc. According to the invention, the wheel plate consists at least partially of a fiber composite material. In particular, reinforcing fibers, which may consist of fiber bundles, of the fiber composite material are oriented at least in sections along main stress directions of the wheel disc.

Accordingly, the load paths acting on the wheel plate during operation of such a vehicle wheel are simulated, at least in sections, by reinforcing fibers of the fiber composite material, which is also known by the term "tailored fiber placement" (TFP). This principle makes it possible to reduce the weight of the wheel plate and thus of the entire vehicle wheel and at the same time increase its load capacity and operational safety.

There are wheel rim and hub of the vehicle wheel in a known manner of a metallic material, in particular a high-strength steel.

Preferably, the load paths acting on the wheel disc during operation of the vehicle wheel are each simulated along their entire length by at least one reinforcing fiber.

The teachings of the above described devices can be combined with each other in a particularly advantageous manner. In particular, in the case of a vehicle wheel, the wheel disc may consist of a fiber composite material, in which reinforcing fibers are oriented on the principle of "tailored fiber placement", wherein it is also provided that the wheel rim and the wheel disc, as described above, in tangential, d. H. Circumferential direction directly positive fit, preferably by splines on the inner circumference of the Radkranzes and on the outer circumference of the wheel disc, are interconnected. As a result, its reliability is further improved at a high lightweight potential of the vehicle.

According to an advantageous embodiment of the vehicle wheel, the connection security between the wheel disc and the wheel rim can be increased in particular by the fact that reinforcing fibers are oriented in the circumferential direction in an outer region of the wheel disc bordering on the outer circumference of the outer circumference geometry. In the case of a wave-tooth-shaped outer peripheral geometry of the wheel disc, accordingly, reinforcing fibers can run along the shaft toothing and thereby reinforce them. Thus, greater drive and braking forces can be transmitted via the toothing of the wheel disc, without the need for a more massive and thus heavier design of the components of the vehicle wheel.

In accordance with a further advantageous embodiment of the vehicle wheel, reinforcing fibers are oriented in the circumferential direction of the inner opening in an inner region of the wheel disc adjacent to an inner opening, following the inner opening geometry. This ensures that the inner opening portion of the wheel plate has a sufficiently high rigidity. In particular, the circumferential reinforcing fibers in the inner region of the wheel disc serve to ensure an effective tangential direction (circumferential direction) frictional connection between the wheel plate and wheel hub, which is produced when pressing the undersized hub produced on an axle shaft.

Furthermore, it can be provided that reinforcing fibers extend in a substantially radial direction of the wheel disc through the latter. In this context, radial directions should also include directions which have an angle of less than 30 °, in particular less than 15 °, in particular less than 5 ° with respect to the exact radial direction. Due to the fiber reinforcement of the wheel disc in the radial direction, on the one hand, radial compressive forces are optimally absorbed by the weight bearing on the wheel axle. On the other hand, the radially oriented reinforcing fibers support the wheel disc against lateral forces that occur, for example, during cornering.

According to a further advantageous embodiment of the vehicle wheel, reinforcing fibers may extend in a parabolic manner from the outer region of the wheel disk adjacent to the outer circumference to the inner region of the wheel disk adjacent to the inner bore. Such reinforcing fibers ensure that drive and braking torques are optimally transmitted between the wheel rim and the wheel hub, without resulting in undue loads on the wheel disc. Likewise, the parabolic reinforcing fibers secure the wheel disc against transverse forces.

A particularly efficient transmission of power between the wheel hub and the wheel disc can be accomplished by the parabolic-shaped reinforcing fibers running tangentially past the inner bore through the inner region of the wheel disc and forming vertices in the outer region of the wheel disc. In particular, thus the number of fiber ends is reduced within the Radtellerkörpers, whereby the formation of weak points in the wheel dish is avoided.

If the wheel disc has an external toothing for the positive connection with the wheel rim, one vertex of the parabolically oriented reinforcing fibers can be arranged in each case advantageously within one tooth of the external toothing. The transmission of drive and braking torques via the external teeth of the wheel disc can be done with even greater certainty.

The reinforcing fibers of the fiber composite material are preferably made of carbon, whereby the weight of the wheel plate and thus the entire vehicle wheel is reduced to a minimum. Likewise, the reinforcing fibers may also consist of other high-strength materials, such as. For example, the reinforcing fibers can also consist of a metallic material, whereby the wheel plate is particularly inexpensive to produce.

The matrix of the fiber composite material is advantageously made of a thermoplastic or thermosetting synthetic resin. This ensures on the one hand a low weight of the wheel plate and thus the entire vehicle and on the other hand a suitable embedding of the reinforcing fibers.

According to a preferred embodiment, the reinforcing fibers consist of at least one two-dimensionally extending fiber braid, so-called "2D preforms", whereby a simple and inexpensive manufacturability of the wheel disc and at the same time a secure orientation of the reinforcing fibers is ensured in the main stress directions of the wheel disc.

Preferably, the wheel plate on several layers of two-dimensional fiber braid, which are connected in the axial direction of the wheel plate, preferably entangled or forfeited to a three-dimensional fiber braid. This ensures optimum fiber reinforcement of the wheel plate over its entire thickness, without the risk of delamination of individual layers is given. In addition, a three-dimensional fiber braid is suitable for common resin injection processes.

According to a further embodiment of the vehicle wheel, the wheel disc has a core of a filling material. In this case, the core is preferably formed circumferentially in an only slightly loaded region of the wheel plate around the inner bore and the filler has a relation to the reinforcing fibers and the matrix material low density. This allows a further weight reduction of the wheel disc, which is accompanied by a minimal and portable reduction of the Radtellersteifigkeit.

In a particularly advantageous manner, the filler is closed-cell, which on the one hand optimal weight reduction of the wheel plate and on the other hand, a cost manufacturability of the wheel plate is made possible in Harzinjektionsverfahren.

In order to achieve a particularly large weight reduction of the wheel plate, the filler material may be formed as a plastic foam. It is also conceivable that the filling material consists of a metal foam, which allows a further reduction of the noise emissions during operation of the vehicle wheel due to good mechanical and acoustic damping properties.

Furthermore, in a preferred embodiment of the vehicle wheel of the wheel plate in the radial direction corrugated preferably concentric corrugated, be formed. Accordingly, the wheel plate to a rising in the axial direction curvature, which is preferably formed concentrically circumferentially between the outer and inner regions of the wheel. Such a design allows a further improvement of the acoustic properties of the vehicle wheel.

An inventive wheel set for vehicles, especially for rail vehicles, with a disc wheel of the type described above has a wheel axle and two vehicle wheels of the type described above, wherein the vehicle wheels are connected via the hub with the axle shaft. Such a wheelset has a low weight, ensures high reliability and can be operated with low noise.

According to a preferred embodiment of the wheelset, the wheel hub and the axle are fully frictionally in connection. This can, as described above, advantageously be accomplished by making the inner bore of the hub undersized and pressing the hub onto the axle shaft. Such a connection is inexpensive to provide and ensures a high power transmission good power transmission during operation of the wheelset.

Furthermore, it may be provided in a wheel set in an advantageous manner that the wheel hub and the wheel plate are in full force-locking connection. As described above, such a frictional connection can be produced by pressing the hub made on the inner circumference with undersize on the axle shaft. This leads to a widening of the wheel hub in the radial direction so that it comes between the outer circumference of the wheel hub and the inner circumference of the wheel plate to a frictional connection, which allows a safe transmission of drive and braking torques.

The vehicle wheel described above and a wheel set equipped with such a vehicle wheel are suitable for any type of rail vehicles of passenger and freight traffic. Due to the high lightweight construction potential, the increased performance and the acoustic improvement is particularly suitable for high-speed rail transport.

The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to an embodiment and associated drawings. In these show:

1 an embodiment of a vehicle wheel (schematically) in an exploded perspective view;

2a the vehicle wheel (schematically) after 1 in half section;

2 B the vehicle wheel (schematically) after 1 in half section in a further radial section plane;

3 a schematic front view of a wheel plate with a basic representation of reinforcing fibers

1 shows an exploded perspective view of an embodiment of a vehicle wheel 1 , with a wheel hub 2 a wheel rim 4 and a wheeled plate 8th , which together are the main components of a vehicle wheel 1 form the individual elements below, taking into account their form and connecting elements and also the additional, in 1 illustrated connecting devices (snap ring 16 , Circlip 20 , Screws 26 ) are shown.

The cup-shaped rim 4 has on its outer periphery a tread 6 on, with the vehicle wheel 1 rolls on a rail, not shown here. A wheel plate 8th has on its outer periphery a wave-shaped external toothing 12 on, leading to a wave-shaped internal toothing 10 along the cup-shaped inner circumference of the wheel rim 4 in a positive engagement fit corresponds, so that the wheel plate 8th positively in a kind of meshing engagement with the internal teeth 10 of the wheel rim 4 intervenes. In this way, a full-surface and backlash-free power transmission between rim 4 and wheel plates 8th guaranteed. The cup-shaped rim 4 has in its interior a hub portion 7 in the direction of rotation of the vehicle grade 1 for force-transmitting engagement with a wheel hub 2 on, over which the vehicle wheel 1 can be connected to an axle shaft, not shown here.

The snap ring 16 , the circlip 20 and the screws 26 serve for fastening of the wheel dish 8th in the wheel rim 4 , Apart from the wheel plate 4 , which is preferably constructed of a fiber-plastic composite (eg CFK), are all other elements of the vehicle wheel 1 preferably made of metallic materials. One aspect of the embodiment is that the torque transmitting connection between the wheel disc 8th and wheel rim 4 essentially positively by the on the outer circumference of the wheel plate 8th formed circumferential profile, here an external toothing 12 in waveform, and the circumferential profile on an associated inner surface of the Radkranzes (wavy internal teeth 10 ) is carried out in the same with a close clearance fit, while a non-positive axial absorption of the wheel disc 8th in connection to the wheel rim 4 is provided. It is therefore both a screw or a cohesive connection in the peripheral region of the wheel plate 8th we also the corresponding internal geometry of the wheel rim 4 waived.

The form fit by the tangential (rotational) direction effective, wave-shaped external teeth 12 of the Radteller 8th with the wave-shaped internal toothing 10 of the wheel rim 4 In this case, with regard to the fits used, it is chosen so that no unacceptable play occurs between the two components as a result of temperature fluctuations during operation and / or due to mechanical operating loads. In the axial direction of the wheel plate 8th over the here 4-part segmented snap ring 16 secured so that the operating loads are absorbed in the axial direction. This segmentation is easy to install, but not mandatory. In a one-piece snap ring 16 could here to secure the individual segments against accidental falling out provided circlip 20 also omitted. The snap ring 16 could also be in two parts or z. B. be formed of 120 ° segments.

In the present embodiment, as follows with reference to 2 is still explained, the retaining ring 20 a conical support section 24 , the conical inner fitting of the segments of the snap ring 16 in a wedge-shaped groove 18 on the inner circumference of the rim 4 presses so that the wheel plate 8th through the segments of the snap ring 16 axially against an inner shoulder of the wheel rim 6 is pressed and biased. The circlip 20 is about the screws 26 so with the wheel rim 4 screwed that the wheel dish 8th not pierced and a power flow from the wheel rim 4 through the wheel plate 8th through is not disturbed.

As in particular the sectional views in 2a and 2 B can be seen, is the wheel plate 8th in the axial direction on a support section 14 of the wheel rim 4 at. Here is the wheel plate 8th in the axial direction by a snap ring 16 placed in one on the inner circumference of the rim 4 circumferential groove 18 engages, positively with the rim 4 connected. Both the snap ring 16 as well as the groove 18 have a wedge-shaped cross-sectional shape, wherein the cross-sectional shape of the snap ring 16 complementary to the groove 18 is trained.

As in 1 to recognize is the snap ring 16 from 4 arc segment-shaped segments. To secure the position of the snap ring 16 in the groove 18 is a circlip 20 provided, in particular, from 2a and 2 B can be removed, a mounting portion 22 and a support section 24 having. Here is the attachment section 24 of circlip 20 by means of screws 26 screwed to the rim. At the same time the support section engages 24 in the snap ring 16 and that supports the snap ring 16 in the radial direction and secures it in the groove 18 ,

Furthermore, the inner circumference of the snap ring form 16 and the outer periphery of the support portion 24 a conical fit, so when screwing the locking ring 16 the support section 24 a radial force on the snap ring 16 exercises and this in addition to the groove 18 pressed.

The wheel hub 2 is in the axial direction positive fit with the wheel plate 8th connected. In particular, the wheel hub 2 and the wheel plate 8th about a mother 30 that on a thread 32 the wheel hub 2 is screwed on and on a first side surface 34 of the Radteller 8th is supported, axially biased to each other. Furthermore, the wheel hub 2 a support shoulder 36 on, on a second side surface 38 supported the wheel plate. Here is the second side surface 38 on one to the first side surface 34 axially opposite side of the wheel plate 8th educated.

Finally form the outer circumference of the wheel hub 2 and the inner circumference of the wheel dish 8th a conical fit 40 so that at the axial preload of the wheel hub 2 and the wheel dish 8th also a radial bias is generated.

As continue in the 2a and 2 B is shown, the wheel plate points 8th a core of a filling material 42 on, with the filler material 42 preferably a closed-cell metal or plastic foam. The core is in a lightly loaded area of the wheel disc 8th formed circumferentially around the inner bore. A targeted reduction of the sound emissions is further characterized by the concentric in the radial direction waveform of the wheel disk 8th reached.

In summary, the in the and hub shown drilled inside cylindrical, while the outer mating surface is designed as a cone on which the wheel plate 8th with its conical inner bore, held by the mother 30 so the wheel dish 8th over a conical fit 40 between the wheel hub 2 and the mother 30 on the wheel hub 2 is axially tensioned. About the mother 30 So will the wheel plate 8th against the hub 2 partially having a corresponding male threaded portion for the nut 30 has, against an inner hub portion of the rim 4 braced or the wheel plate 8th in connection with the supporting shoulder 36 the wheel hub 2 against an inner hub area with the nut 30 of the wheel rim 4 axially biased. The conical fit 40 between wheel hub 2 and wheel plates 8th is in turn designed so that neither by temperature fluctuations in the operation of the vehicle wheel 1 still created by mechanical operating loads or a combination of both stresses, an inadmissible play. A tightening torque of the mother 30 is at connection of wheel plate 5 and wheel hub 2 adjusted so that the support shoulder 36 the wheel hub 2 on a flank of the Radteller 8th is present and insofar as this preferably consists of a fiber-reinforced plastic material or synthetic resin material, an interfacial tension of a fiber-plastic composite or a fiber-reinforced synthetic resin matrix of the wheel disc 8th is not exceeded.

The mother 30 is not used here to generate the necessary for the transmission of vehicle wheel rotational torque frictional connection within the conical fit 40 between wheel plates 8th and wheel hub 2 , This adhesion occurs only when joining the complete vehicle wheel 1 , in particular disc wheel, with an axle shaft, not shown here, characterized in that the wheel hub drilled on undersize 1 is pressed onto this axle.

3 shows a view of a wheeled dish 8th an exemplary embodiment of a vehicle wheel according to the invention 1 , The wheel dish 8th consists of a fiber composite, which is a matrix 44 of a thermoplastic or thermosetting plastic and reinforcing fibers (or fiber bundles) 46 . 48 . 50 . 52 made of carbon (carbon fibers) or glass fibers.

In 3 is the orientation of the reinforcing fibers 46 . 48 . 50 . 52 indicated by dash-dotted lines. The reinforcing fibers 46 . 48 . 50 . 52 of the fiber composite material are along the main stress directions of the wheel plate 8th oriented.

So are reinforcing fibers 46 in a bordering on the outer circumference outdoor area 54 of the Radteller 8th oriented in the circumferential direction according to the outer circumference geometry. Accordingly, the reinforcing fibers run 46 the shaft toothing 12 of the Radteller 8th following and reinforcing these.

Furthermore, reinforcing fibers 48 in an inner area adjacent to the inner bore 56 of the Radteller 8th oriented in accordance with the internal bore geometry in the circumferential direction of the inner bore, whereby the load capacity of the inner bore of the wheel plate 8th is increased. Furthermore, reinforcing fibers run 50 in the radial direction of the wheel dish 8th , causing the wheel plate 8th can absorb increased axial and transverse loads.

Finally, reinforcing fibers run 52 parabolic from the on the outer circumference bordering outdoor area 54 of the wheel disc to the inner area adjacent to the inner bore 56 of the Radteller 8th , The reinforcing fibers run 52 tangential through the interior 56 of the Radteller 8th pass the inner bore and form outside 54 of the Radteller 8th vertices 58 , This ensures optimum transmission of drive and braking forces between the wheel hub 2 and wheel rim 4 through the wheel plate 8th , The vertices 58 are each within a tooth 60 the external toothing 12 arranged.

The reinforcing fibers 46 . 48 . 50 . 52 consist of several layers of two-dimensional fiber braid, in the axial direction of the wheel disc 8th entangled in a three-dimensional fiber braid or z. B. are forfeited by a kneading process. The fiber structure is machined by a fiber fabric and then impregnated with synthetic resin.

In summary, therefore, the wheel plate 8th In the present embodiment, preferably formed by a fiber-reinforced plastic or synthetic resin body, wherein for the fibers or fiber bundles preferably carbon fibers are provided, but other high-strength fiber materials, such as glass or basalt fibers come into consideration. Through the synthetic resin fiber composite of the Radteller 8th and the above-discussed reinforcing fibers or fiber bundles in particular z. B. by the concentric circumferential windings 48 the fiber bundle in the wheel hub 2 is for the necessary rigidity of the wheel dish 5 in the radial direction in the area of the conical fit 40 taken care of.

Through the fiber-synthetic resin composite body of the Radteller 8th This is much easier compared to conventional metal wheel mounts, which also eliminates the power losses that is associated with isotropic materials in the manufacture of a Radteller 8th with shaft toothing 12 would be incurred by milling from a body. In other words, the wave contour of the external teeth 12 of the Radteller 8th particularly advantageous by targeted deposition of the fibers or fiber bundles along the outer toothing 12 (cf., reinforcing fibers 46 in 3 ).

The courses of the other fibers or fiber bundles 46 to 52 are designed so that each acting force of one in the operation of the vehicle wheel 1 resulting load path on the shortest path with fibers or fiber bundles of the fiber composite body, ie substantially in the axial direction of the reinforcing fibers 46 to 52 is reproduced. This alignment of the fibers / fiber bundles along main stresses according to the Tailored Fiber Placement (TFP) principle results in the force absorption structure of a fiber-synthetic resin composite such as the support plate 8th exhausted as best as possible. Here are moments about the wheel axle, which are generated by drive or braking, on the on the entire wheel disc 5 arranged parabolically distributed fibers or fiber bundles 52 spoke-shaped inwards to the hub area or to the wheel hub 2 executed forwards. Radial compressive forces from the on-axis weight are due to the radial fiber orientation of the reinforcing fibers 50 as well as by the parabolic fiber orientations of the fiber bundles 52 supported. Both the reinforcing fibers 50 as well as 52 stabilize the wheel plate 8th against lateral forces, as they occur when cornering.

The fiber orientation through the reinforcing fibers 48 in the hub area in the circumferential direction cause an advantageous frictional connection to the mother 30 or wheel hub 2 , By the way, the mother can 30 both integral with the rim 4 as well as be provided separately from this.

Preferably, a storage of the reinforcing fibers takes place 46 to 52 in a fiber fabric in the manner described above as a two-dimensional preform in layers and a three-dimensional reinforcement in the axial direction of the wheel plate 8th via entanglement or forfeiture of the initially separate two-dimensional preforms (two-dimensional fiber layers), so that a delamination of the individual preform layers is avoided and the complete, dry three-dimensional fiber body made of reinforcing fibers is provided in a synthetic resin injection method of a plastic or plastic matrix. As synthetic resin both thermoplastic and thermosetting materials (plastics) come into question.

Alternatively to a monolithic construction of the Radteller 8th can by means of the reinforcing fibers 46 to 52 In addition, a core material made of closed-cell foam material such as plastic foam or metal foam in the wheel plate may be provided from these fiber bundles with high rigidity at equally high strength in less heavily loaded areas, creating an even lighter and acoustically improved design of the wheel 8th is reachable. Also by the corrugated in the axial direction of the wheel plate 8th an improvement of the acoustic properties is achieved by an optional additionally provided foam core, for. B. metal foam is further improved both in terms of mechanical and acoustic damping properties. This embodiment is not shown here.

By using a fiber composite structure between the rim 4 with the tread 6 and a bushing (wheel hub 2 ) made of steel, a rail wheel is created as a disc wheel that is easily and excellently subdued and acoustically optimized surface design (wavy shape of the wheel plate 8th ) is quiet and at the same time the complex requirements of such a vehicle 1 in terms of power transmission, electrical and braking function and wear resistance met. The targeted use of fiber-plastic composite material results in an ultra-light vehicle wheel 1 , due to optimized surface design of the Radteller 8th (corrugated form) is acoustically particularly advantageous and is designed maintenance-friendly by a multi-part construction.

By using a wheel rim 4 with tread 6 Made of steel as well as a wheel hub made of steel compared to conventional railway vehicle wheels comparable wear resistance and reworkability is achieved. A load bearing surface between tread 6 (Rim 4 and wheel hub 2 ) from z. B. carbon fiber reinforced plastic leads to significant weight savings and due to improved, concentric corrugated shape of the wheel plate 8th to particularly advantageous acoustic properties. The wave-shaped inner or outer toothing ( 10 . 12 from Radkranz 4 and wheel plates 8th ) in combination with additional security elements to a long-term positive and positive connection of the individual components of the vehicle wheel. The vehicle wheel is especially designed and suitable for rail vehicles in the high-speed range.

A fiber-plastic composite body, in particular for radial power transmission according to the above-described design principles is not limited to a vehicle, especially for rail vehicles, but also widely applicable in other contexts, where it depends on comparable power transmissions in disk-shaped systems, even if a disk wheel preferred area of application of such a composite body forms.

The vehicle wheel 1 is intended over the wheel hub 2 to be connected to a not shown axle shaft of a wheel set, also not shown. In doing so, the wheel hub 2 and the axle shaft, not shown here in the circumferential direction are thereby positively connected, that the wheel hub 2 is produced on its inner circumference on undersize and pressed onto the axle shaft. By pressing on the wheel hub 2 In addition to the axle shaft is also a non-positive connection in the tangential direction between the wheel hub 2 and the wheel dish 8th generated.

The invention provides a vehicle wheel in the form of a multi-part disc wheel is provided which is preferably provided for rail vehicles and leads to an extremely lightweight, high-strength and reliable construction, operate with low maintenance costs, is extremely quiet in performance and all the requirements of modern wheel systems for high-speed rail vehicles in an ultra-light, quiet and easy-to-maintain configuration. The use of fiber-plastic composites in the form of the wheel disc and its corrugated shape in the axial direction leads to a strong improvement of the acoustic properties, which is further improved by closed-cell foam materials inside (in the hub area of the vehicle wheel). All other components of the vehicle wheel are made of steel.

The fiber composite structure between the rim and the hub achieves a lightweight construction with excellent acoustic damping, optimized surface design and excellent power transmission through a full-surface meshing action between the fiber composite body and the steel rim.

The invention relates to a vehicle wheel, in particular for a rail vehicle, which has a wheel hub, via which the vehicle wheel can be connected to the wheel axle of a wheel set, a wheel rim having a running surface and a wheel disc connecting the wheel hub and the wheel rim. It is envisaged that the wheel rim and the wheel plate in the tangential direction directly engage one another positively. According to a further teaching of the invention, the wheel disc consists of a fiber composite material, wherein reinforcing fibers of the fiber composite material are oriented at least in sections along the main stress directions of the wheel disc. In this way, the object is achieved to provide a vehicle, which is maintenance-friendly, has a reduced weight at high load capacity and can be operated with low noise. Likewise, the invention relates to a wheel set equipped with such a vehicle wheel.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

vehicle

2

wheel hub

4

rim

6

Tread of the rim 4

8th

Radteller

10

Internal toothing of the rim 4

12

External toothing of the Radteller 8th

14

Support section of the wheel rim 4

16

snap ring

18

Groove on inner circumference of the rim 4

20

circlip

22

Attachment section of the circlip 20

24

Support section of the circlip 20

26

screw

28

conical fit

30

mother

32

thread

34

first side surface of the wheel disc 8th

36

supporting shoulder

38

second side surface of the wheel disc 8th

40

conical fit

42

filling material

44

matrix

46

reinforcing fibers

48

reinforcing fibers

50

reinforcing fibers

52

reinforcing fibers

54

Exterior of the Radteller 8th

56

Interior of the Radteller 8th

58

Vertex of the reinforcing fibers 52

60

Tooth of external teeth 12

Claims (27)

Vehicle wheel for rail vehicles, with a wheel hub ( 2 ), with one, a tread ( 6 ) having wheel rim ( 4 ) and with a wheel hub ( 2 ) and the wheel rim ( 4 ) connecting Radteller ( 8th ), whereby the wheel rim ( 4 ) and the wheel plate ( 8th ) by means of an inner circumferential engagement structure ( 10 ) of the wheel rim ( 4 ) and an outer peripheral engagement structure of the wheel disc ( 8th ) are positively connected to each other, characterized in that along the inner circumference of the Radkranzes ( 4 ) at least in sections an internal toothing ( 10 ) is trained; and that along the outer periphery of the Radteller ( 8th ) at least in sections one for internal toothing ( 10 ) of the wheel rim ( 4 ) corresponding external toothing ( 12 ) is formed, the form-fitting with the internal toothing ( 10 ) of the wheel rim ( 4 ) is engaged. Vehicle wheel according to claim 1, characterized in that the internal toothing ( 10 ) of the wheel rim ( 4 ) and the external toothing ( 12 ) of the wheel dish ( 8th ) are formed as splines. Vehicle wheel according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the wheel disc ( 8th ) is integrally formed. Vehicle wheel according to one of the preceding claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the wheel disc ( 8th ) in the axial direction on a support portion ( 14 ) of the wheel rim ( 4 ) is supported. Vehicle wheel according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the wheel disc ( 8th ) in the axial direction by a snap ring ( 16 ) positively on the wheel rim ( 4 ). Vehicle wheel according to claim 5, characterized in that the snap ring ( 16 ) into a groove ( 18 ) on the inner circumference of the Radkranzes ( 4 ) is used. Vehicle wheel according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that the snap ring ( 16 ) is multi-part, and / or has four arc segment-shaped segments. Vehicle wheel according to one of the preceding claims 5 to 7, characterized in that a retaining ring ( 20 ) with a fastening section ( 22 ) and with a support section ( 24 ) is provided, wherein the retaining ring ( 20 ) over the attachment section ( 22 ) with the wheel rim ( 4 ) and wherein the support section ( 24 ) the snap ring ( 16 ) is supported at least in the radial direction, and / or an inner circumference of the snap ring ( 16 ) and an outer periphery of the support section ( 24 ) are in a conical fit ( 28 ) connected. Vehicle wheel according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the wheel hub ( 2 ) and the wheel plate ( 8th ) are connected positively and / or non-positively in the axial direction. Vehicle wheel according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the wheel hub ( 2 ) and the wheel plate ( 8th ) about a mother ( 30 ), which on a thread ( 32 ) of the wheel hub ( 2 ) and at a first side surface ( 34 ) of the wheel dish ( 8th ) is supported, axially biased, and / or the wheel hub ( 2 ) a support shoulder ( 26 ), which on a second side surface ( 38 ) of the wheel dish ( 8th ) is supported. Vehicle wheel according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 10, characterized in that an outer circumference of the wheel hub ( 2 ) and the inner circumference of the Radteller ( 8th ) conical engaging surfaces in a snug fit ( 40 ) exhibit. Vehicle wheel for rail vehicles, according to one of claims 1 to 11, with a wheel hub ( 2 ), with a tread ( 6 ) having wheel rim ( 4 ) and with a wheel hub ( 2 ) and the wheel rim ( 4 ) connecting Radteller ( 8th ), whereby the wheel plate ( 8th ) consists at least partially of a fiber composite material. Vehicle wheel according to claim 12, characterized in that reinforcing fibers ( 46 . 48 . 50 . 52 ) of the fiber composite material at least in sections along main stress directions of the wheel disc ( 8th ) are oriented. Vehicle wheel according to claim 13, characterized in that reinforcing fibers ( 46 ) in a bordering on the outer circumference Outdoor area ( 54 ) of the wheel dish ( 8th ) are oriented circumferentially following the outer circumference geometry and / or reinforcing fibers ( 48 ) in an interior area adjacent to an interior opening ( 56 ) of the wheel dish ( 8th ), following a radially inner geometry, in the circumferential direction of an inner opening of the wheel plate ( 8th ), oriented and / or reinforcing fibers ( 50 ) in the radial direction of the wheel disc ( 8th ) are arranged. Vehicle wheel according to claim 13 or 14, characterized in that reinforcing fibers ( 52 ) parabolic from the outer periphery adjacent to the outer area ( 54 ) of the wheel dish ( 8th ) to the inner area adjacent to the inner opening ( 56 ) of the wheel dish ( 8th ). Vehicle wheel according to claim 15, characterized in that the parabolic-shaped reinforcing fibers ( 52 ) tangentially through an interior area ( 56 ) of the wheel dish ( 8th ) run past the inner opening and in the outer area ( 54 ) of the wheel dish ( 8th ) Vertices ( 58 ) form. Vehicle wheel according to claim 16, characterized in that within a tooth ( 60 ) of external teeth ( 12 ) one vertex each ( 58 ) of a parabolic reinforcing fiber ( 52 ) is arranged. Vehicle wheel according to one of the preceding claims 13 to 17, characterized in that the reinforcing fibers ( 46 . 48 . 50 . 52 ) of the fiber composite material consist of carbon, fiber bundles, and / or a matrix ( 44 ) of the fiber composite material consists of a thermoplastic or thermosetting synthetic resin. Vehicle wheel according to one of the preceding claims 13 to 18, characterized in that the reinforcing fibers ( 46 . 48 . 50 . 52 ) or fiber bundles form a two-dimensional fiber network. Vehicle wheel according to claim 19, characterized in that the Radteller ( 8th ) has a plurality of layers of two-dimensional fiber braid, which in the axial direction of the wheel plate ( 8th ) are connected to a three-dimensional fiber braid, are. Vehicle wheel according to claim 20, characterized in that the several layers of two-dimensional fiber braid are entangled or forfeited. Vehicle wheel according to one of the preceding claims 12 to 21, characterized in that the wheel disc ( 8th ) a core of a filler material ( 42 ) having. Vehicle wheel according to claim 22, characterized in that the filling material ( 42 ) is a foam material, a closed-cell material, and / or a plastic or metal foam. Vehicle wheel according to one of the preceding claims 12 to 23, characterized in that the wheel disc ( 8th ) is concentrically corrugated in the radial direction. Wheel set for rail vehicles, with a wheel axle and with at least one vehicle wheel ( 1 ) according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 24, wherein the vehicle wheel ( 1 ) over the wheel hub ( 2 ) is firmly connected to the wheel axle. Wheelset according to claim 25, characterized in that the wheel hub ( 2 ) and the wheel axle are non-positively connected and / or the wheel hub ( 2 ) and the wheel plate ( 8th ) are positively connected. Rail vehicle with at least one vehicle wheel ( 1 ) according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 24 and / or at least one wheel set according to one of claims 25 or 26.

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