DE102011115908A1 - Circuit arrangement of battery management system (BMS) for energy storage device used in electric bicycle, transmits information of current and temperature of battery to component within electric drive through communication line - Google Patents
Circuit arrangement of battery management system (BMS) for energy storage device used in electric bicycle, transmits information of current and temperature of battery to component within electric drive through communication line Download PDFInfo
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- DE102011115908A1 DE102011115908A1 DE102011115908A DE102011115908A DE102011115908A1 DE 102011115908 A1 DE102011115908 A1 DE 102011115908A1 DE 102011115908 A DE102011115908 A DE 102011115908A DE 102011115908 A DE102011115908 A DE 102011115908A DE 102011115908 A1 DE102011115908 A1 DE 102011115908A1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
- B62M—RIDER PROPULSION OF WHEELED VEHICLES OR SLEDGES; POWERED PROPULSION OF SLEDGES OR SINGLE-TRACK CYCLES; TRANSMISSIONS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SUCH VEHICLES
- B62M6/00—Rider propulsion of wheeled vehicles with additional source of power, e.g. combustion engine or electric motor
- B62M6/40—Rider propelled cycles with auxiliary electric motor
- B62M6/45—Control or actuating devices therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
- B60L3/0023—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train
- B60L3/0046—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train relating to electric energy storage systems, e.g. batteries or capacitors
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
- B60L3/0023—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train
- B60L3/0069—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train relating to the isolation, e.g. ground fault or leak current
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- B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
- B60L3/04—Cutting off the power supply under fault conditions
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- B60L3/12—Recording operating variables ; Monitoring of operating variables
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- B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
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- B60L50/64—Constructional details of batteries specially adapted for electric vehicles
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- B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
- B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
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- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
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- B60L58/12—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to state of charge [SoC]
- B60L58/15—Preventing overcharging
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- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
- B60L58/19—Switching between serial connection and parallel connection of battery modules
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
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- B60L58/24—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries
- B60L58/25—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries by controlling the electric load
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
- B62M—RIDER PROPULSION OF WHEELED VEHICLES OR SLEDGES; POWERED PROPULSION OF SLEDGES OR SINGLE-TRACK CYCLES; TRANSMISSIONS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SUCH VEHICLES
- B62M6/00—Rider propulsion of wheeled vehicles with additional source of power, e.g. combustion engine or electric motor
- B62M6/40—Rider propelled cycles with auxiliary electric motor
- B62M6/45—Control or actuating devices therefor
- B62M6/50—Control or actuating devices therefor characterised by detectors or sensors, or arrangement thereof
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/382—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC
- G01R31/3842—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC combining voltage and current measurements
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
- H01M10/482—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
- H01M10/486—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte for measuring temperature
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- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2200/00—Type of vehicles
- B60L2200/12—Bikes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2250/00—Driver interactions
- B60L2250/10—Driver interactions by alarm
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R19/00—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof
- G01R19/165—Indicating that current or voltage is either above or below a predetermined value or within or outside a predetermined range of values
- G01R19/16533—Indicating that current or voltage is either above or below a predetermined value or within or outside a predetermined range of values characterised by the application
- G01R19/16538—Indicating that current or voltage is either above or below a predetermined value or within or outside a predetermined range of values characterised by the application in AC or DC supplies
- G01R19/16542—Indicating that current or voltage is either above or below a predetermined value or within or outside a predetermined range of values characterised by the application in AC or DC supplies for batteries
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/371—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC] with remote indication, e.g. on external chargers
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- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
- H01M2010/4271—Battery management systems including electronic circuits, e.g. control of current or voltage to keep battery in healthy state, cell balancing
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
- H01M2010/4278—Systems for data transfer from batteries, e.g. transfer of battery parameters to a controller, data transferred between battery controller and main controller
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
Schaltungsanordnung und Verfahren für ein Batteriemanagementsystem (BMS) eines Energiespeichers in einer mobilen Anwendung, vorzugsweise für ein Elektrofahrrad, wobei das BMS passiv den Akkupack überwacht und Meldezustände an Komponenten innerhalb des Antriebsystems weitergibt, die dann aktiv weiterverarbeitet werden.Circuit arrangement and method for a battery management system (BMS) of an energy store in a mobile application, preferably for an electric bicycle, wherein the BMS passively monitors the battery pack and passes on reporting conditions to components within the drive system, which are then actively processed.
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Schaltungsanordnung und ein Verfahren zum Ansteuern von Zellen eines Energiespeichers in Verbindung mit Verbrauchern und Steuergeräten. Schaltungsanordnungen dieser Art werden im Folgenden auch Batteriemanagement – BMS – genannt.The invention relates to a circuit arrangement and a method for driving cells of an energy storage in conjunction with consumers and control devices. Circuit arrangements of this type are also referred to below as battery management - BMS.
Akkupacks, insbesondere mit Lithiumanteil, müssen in mobilen Anwendungen eigensicher sein, da sonst bei Unfällen, Beschädigungen oder Funktionsfehlern abbrennen oder explodieren können. Aus diesem Grund ist jedem Akkupack ein aktives BMS zugeordnet, welches sicherheitsrelevante Zustände überwacht und bei Bedarf notwendige Maßnahmen zur Absicherung des Akkupacks schaltet.Battery packs, especially those containing lithium, must be intrinsically safe in mobile applications, as otherwise they could burn or explode in the event of accidents, damage or malfunctions. For this reason, each battery pack is assigned an active BMS, which monitors safety-relevant conditions and, if necessary, switches necessary measures for securing the battery pack.
Hierzu ist das BMS in der Regel mit einem Prozessor und Software ausgestattet, außerdem sind einige aktive Elemente innerhalb des Akkus an das BMS angeliedert wie Schalter, FET's die auf der Platine untergebracht sind.For this purpose, the BMS is usually equipped with a processor and software, also some active elements within the battery are attached to the BMS as switches, FET's are housed on the board.
Dazu werden dazu sämtliche Ströme über die Elektronik des BMS und die vorgenannten Schalteinrichtungen geführt, und bei Bedarf in einen sicheren Zustand geschaltet.For this purpose, all currents are passed through the electronics of the BMS and the aforementioned switching devices, and switched to a safe state if necessary.
Es ist Aufgabe dieser Erfindung das BMS und die Beschaltung am Akkupack zu vereinfachen, kostengünstig zu reduzieren, gleichzeitig aber die Sicherheit zu erhöhen.It is an object of this invention to simplify the BMS and the circuitry on the battery pack to reduce cost, while increasing security.
Bisher war es nicht möglich Akkus in mobilen Anwendungen, für Elektrofahrräder mit einem passiven Batteriemanagementsystem – „passiven BMS” – zu versehen, weil die Zellen für sich jeweils nicht eigensicher sind. Viele Zellen eines solchen Akkupacks sind in Serie und/oder parallel geschaltet und bei direktem Herausführen der Powerleitungen/Anschlüsse sind die Zulassungen wie UL, UN, EN Normen nicht erfüllbar. Dies gilt z. B. speziell die Tests zu Überladung, Kurzschluss, sowie erzwungene Entladung. Daher sind bis heute aktive Schaltungskomponenten am Akkupack in Verbindung mit einem aktiven BMS notwendig, die den Akku oder einzelne Zellen von der restlichen Schaltung trennen oder in einen sicheren Zustand schalten können.So far it was not possible to provide batteries in mobile applications, for electric bicycles with a passive battery management system - "passive BMS" - because the cells are not intrinsically safe in each case. Many cells of such a battery pack are connected in series and / or in parallel, and if the power lines / connections are removed directly, the approvals such as UL, UN, EN norms can not be met. This applies z. For example, the overload, short circuit, and forced discharge tests. Therefore, to date active circuit components on the battery pack in conjunction with an active BMS are necessary, which can disconnect the battery or individual cells from the rest of the circuit or switch to a safe state.
Das gilt insbesondere auch im Zusammenwirken mit den Ladegeräten.This is especially true in cooperation with the chargers.
Ladegeräte sind geregelte Netzteile, deren Aufgabe es ist, chemische Energiespeicher nach definierten Ladekennlinien zu laden. Sie wandeln Wechselspannungen in geeignete Gleichspannungen bzw. -ströme um. Übliche Ladegeräte laden einen Akkupack, bestehend aus vielen Einzelzellen als Einheit, d. h. es wird ein Ladegerät benötigt, welches auf die Gesamtspannung optimiert ist. Dadurch wird jede Zelle im Akkupack mit dem gleichen Strom geladen und erhält somit die gleiche Ladung. Herstellungs- und Alterungsbedingte Kapazitätsschwankungen der Zellen führen dazu, dass die Zellen mit der geringsten Kapazität bereits ihre Ladeschlussspannung erreichen während anderen Zellen noch Energie zugeführt wird. Deshalb läd und überwacht ein modernes BMS in Verbindung stehend mit dem Lader jede Zelle einzeln entsprechend aktuellem Ladezustand, verbleibender Restkapazität oder Temperatur.Chargers are regulated power supplies whose task is to charge chemical energy storage devices according to defined charging characteristics. They convert alternating voltages into suitable direct voltages or currents. Usual chargers charge a battery pack consisting of many single cells as a unit, d. H. a charger is needed, which is optimized for the total voltage. As a result, each cell in the battery pack is charged with the same current and thus receives the same charge. Due to manufacturing and aging capacity fluctuations of the cells, the cells with the lowest capacity already reach their end-of-charge voltage while other cells still receive energy. Therefore, a modern BMS in conjunction with the loader loads and monitors each cell individually according to current state of charge, remaining capacity remaining, or temperature.
Aber auch während dem Betrieb, bei Anschluss am Antrieb/Motor überwacht, schaltet und regelt das BMS, überwacht Temperaturen des Packs, der Zellen, detektiert ob unzulässige Spannungen oder Ströme auftreten. Hierfür sind bisher alle Packs in mobilen Anwendungen oder im Elektro-Fahrradbereich mit einer aktiven BMS-Schaltung versehen. Es wird hierbei zum Beispiel bei Überspannung, Unterspannung und Kurzschluss das Akkupack vom BMS aktiv ab- oder eingeschaltet.But even during operation, when monitored at the drive / motor monitor, the BMS switches and controls, monitors temperatures of the pack, the cells, detects whether excessive voltages or currents occur. For this purpose, all packs in mobile applications or in the electric bicycle sector have been provided with an active BMS circuit. For example, in the event of overvoltage, undervoltage and short circuit, the battery pack is actively switched off or on by the BMS.
Dies geschieht mittels Sensoren oder Abfrage der Spannungen und Ströme in Verbindung einer Software die im Microprozessor des BMS installiert ist, wobei der Prozessor auf dem PCB (Protection Circuit Board) untergebracht ist und mit den Schaltelementen an/oder innerhalb des Akkupacks verbunden ist. Da alle Ladeströme und Entladeströme werden dabei über die zentrale BMS-Platine geführt und mit den vorgenannten Schaltungselementen, z. B. FET's geschalt. Hierbei muss jedoch das gesamte BMS für die Maximal-Leistungen ausgelegt sein. Je nachdem wie hoch die Ströme des Antriebs, Motors sind, benötigt man hierzu auf der BMS Platine sehr breite Kupfer-Leiterbahmen mit großen Querschnitten um die Ströme ohne Verluste oder zu große Erwärmung führen zu können und Schaltungselemente, z. B. FET's mit geringen Innenwiderständen.This is done by means of sensors or query the voltages and currents in conjunction with software installed in the microprocessor of the BMS, the processor is housed on the PCB (Protection Circuit Board) and connected to the switching elements on / or inside the battery pack. Since all charging currents and discharge currents are guided via the central BMS board and with the aforementioned circuit elements, for. B. FET's geschalt. However, the entire BMS must be designed for maximum performance. Depending on how high the currents of the drive, motor, you need this on the BMS board very wide copper conductor frames with large cross sections around the currents without loss or too high heating can lead to and circuit elements, eg. B. FET's with low internal resistance.
Nur durch diese aufwendige und sehr teuren aktiven BMS Schaltungen ist die geforderte Eigen-Sicherheit eines Akkupacks realisierbar.Only through these complex and very expensive active BMS circuits, the required intrinsic safety of a battery pack can be realized.
Nur so können als Akkupack hochkapazitive Lithium-Ionen Zellen verwendet werden, damit bei Überladung, Kurzschluss oder Tiefentladung frühzeitig die Gefahr von Explosion oder Feuer durch entsprechende Trennung/Abschaltung unterbunden werden kann.Only in this way can high-capacity lithium-ion cells be used as a battery pack, so that in the event of overcharging, short-circuiting or over-discharging, the risk of explosion or fire can be prevented at an early stage by appropriate disconnection / disconnection.
Erfindungsgemäß wird nun hier eine passive Lösung vorgestellt, die mit weniger Aufwand, bzw. teilweise ohne die oben genannten teuren Komponenten und Ausführungen direkt am Akkupack auskommt. Von besonderen Vorteil ist hierbei, daß die Lade- und Entladeströme nicht mehr direkt über das BMS/die Platine des PCB geführt werden müssen.According to the invention, a passive solution is now presented here which manages directly on the battery pack with less effort, or in part without the above-mentioned expensive components and designs. Of particular advantage here is that the charging and discharging no longer need to be performed directly over the BMS / board of the PCB.
Hierzu werden einzelne stromleitenden Verbindungen direkt von den Zellen in Serie und parallel aus dem Akkupack herausgeführt und nicht mehr über das BMS, die Platine des PCB geführt. For this purpose, individual current-conducting connections are led out directly from the cells in series and parallel out of the battery pack and are no longer routed via the BMS, the circuit board of the PCB.
Das BMS ist des weiteren nicht mehr aktiv tätig, sondern ist passiv ausgeführt und kommuniziert über eine Schnittstelle mit dem Motor oder dem Ladegerät.Furthermore, the BMS is no longer active, but is passive and communicates with the engine or charger via an interface.
Dabei werden vom BMS nur noch vereinfachte Informationen detektiert und weitergegeben, und nicht mehr selbst direkt ausgeführt. So wir z. B. ein Befehl vom BMS über die Kommunikationsschnittstelle an das übergeordnete System, die Verbraucher-Steuerung ausgegeben, wenn eine kritische Unterspannung im Akku erreicht wird. Dieser Befehl wird gegeben und sichert in Folge sichert ab, daß der Motor bei Unterspannung abschaltet, eine Tiefentladung des Akkus wird verhindert.In this case, only simplified information is detected and passed on by the BMS, and no longer directly executed itself. So we z. As a command from the BMS via the communication interface to the parent system, the consumer control output when a critical undervoltage is reached in the battery. This command is given and ensures in succession ensures that the motor shuts off in case of undervoltage, a deep discharge of the battery is prevented.
Ebenso wird ein Befehl ausgegeben wenn der Akku am Ladegerät geladen wird, und eine Überspannung erreicht wird. Der Befehl löst z. B. eine Abschaltung des Ladegerät aus.Likewise, a command is issued when the battery is charged to the charger and an overvoltage is reached. The command triggers z. B. a shutdown of the charger.
Hierzu wird jedoch nur passiv das Signal an eine andere Steuerung ausgegeben. Die empfangende Steuerung löst dann wiederum aktiv die Abschaltung aus.For this purpose, however, the signal is only passively output to another controller. The receiving controller then in turn triggers the shutdown.
Die Schaltkomponente ist hierbei nicht mehr am/oder im Akku unbedingt integriert, sondern es wird an einer anderen Stelle im Gesamtsystem eine elektrische Trennung des Stromkreises vorgenommen.The switching component is no longer necessarily integrated on / or in the battery, but it is made at another point in the overall system electrical isolation of the circuit.
Je noch Fehler oder Zustand kann z. B. eine Sicherung am Akkupack, oder aber auch ein Schalter z. B. am Antrieb, Motor oder an der Motorsteuerung ausgelöst werden.Depending still error or condition can z. B. a fuse on the battery pack, or even a switch z. B. on the drive, motor or the engine control are triggered.
Es werden hierbei u. a. Komponenten verwendet die sowieso schon dort, z. B. innerhalb der Motorsteuerung vorhanden sind, vorhanden sein müssen.It will u. a. The components already used there anyway, z. B. are present within the engine control, must be present.
Hierfür werden also einzelne Zustände durch das BMS erkannt, und vereifachte Befehle über das passive BMS erstellt und übermittelt. Da die Schaltvorgänge selbst nicht mehr innerhalb des Akkus durch das BMS umgesetzt werden, sondern extern z. B. im Motormanagement oder Ladegerätemanagement, kann das BMS am Akkupack wesentlich vereinfacht ausgeführt werden.For this purpose, individual states are recognized by the BMS, and iced commands are created and transmitted via the passive BMS. Since the switching operations themselves are no longer implemented within the battery by the BMS, but externally z. As in engine management or charger management, the BMS can be performed much simpler on the battery pack.
Der Prozessor kann hartverdrahtet – ohne Software verinfacht ausgeführt werden. Es ist dann in einer solchen Ausführung desweiteren störunanfälliger.The processor can be hard-wired - run without software. It is then in such an embodiment further störunanfälliger.
Die Leiterbahnen können reduziert werden, es wird Kupfer eingespart.The tracks can be reduced, copper is saved.
Sicherheitstelevante Aspekte wie Kurzschluss werden hierbei mit einer Schmelzsicherung in der Powerleitung (stromführenden Leitung) innerhalb des Akkupacks abgesichert, desweiteren sind die Kontakte optional durch Berührungsschutz gekennzeichnet, bzw. nach innen in den Pack versetzt angeordnet.Safety-relevant aspects such as short circuit are hereby secured with a fuse in the power line (current-carrying line) within the battery pack, furthermore the contacts are optionally characterized by contact protection, or arranged offset inwards into the pack.
Bei einer weiteren Ausführung dieser Erfindung in Zusammenspiel mit dem passiven BMS ist eine Sicherung innerhalb des Akkupacks in einer der Anschluss-/Powerleitungen von Plus oder Minus, die vom passiven BMS angesteuert wird integriert. Diese Sicherung ist jedoch nicht als Schalter/FET ausgeführt, sondern sie ist als eine vereinfachte ansteuerbare Sicherung ausgeführt. Sie wird nicht nur bei zu hohen Strömen oder zu hohen Temperaturen vom Laststrom direkt selbst abgeschmolzen, sondern ist auch vom passiven BMS aus ansteuerbar und auslösbar bei Unterspannung, Überspannung und Kurzschluss. Bei allen kritischen Fehlern wird die Sicherung dann mit einem kleinen Strom beaufschlagt und hierauf wird die Sicherung abgeschmolzen bzw. zum Auslösen gebracht.In a further embodiment of this invention in conjunction with the passive BMS, a fuse within the battery pack is integrated in one of the plus / minus connection / power lines driven by the passive BMS. However, this fuse is not designed as a switch / FET, but it is designed as a simplified controllable fuse. It is not only directly melted off the load current due to excessively high currents or high temperatures, but can also be controlled by the passive BMS and can be triggered with undervoltage, overvoltage and short circuit. For all critical errors, the fuse is then charged with a small current and then the fuse is melted or brought to trip.
Für die Kommunikation mit den aktiven Schaltungsteilen eines Elektroantriebskonzepts oder einer übergeordneten Systemsteuerung (z. B. Motormanagement oder Ladegerätmanagement) sind parallel zu den Plus/Minus Kontakten des Akkupacks (Powerleitungen) einmal die Kommunikationsschnittstelle installiert, die mit einem oder zwei oder mehreren Kontakten heraus geführt wird und zusätzlich ist als redundante Abschaltung (Alarm Kontakt) einen Alarmpin herausgeführt.For communication with the active circuit parts of an electric drive concept or a higher-level system control (eg motor management or charger management), the communication interface is installed parallel to the plus / minus contacts of the battery pack (power lines) and led out with one or two or more contacts In addition, an alarm pin is led out as a redundant switch-off (alarm contact).
Der Alarm Kontakt ist hierbei optional auch für die Unterbrechung des Temperatursensors der bei Laden und Entladen des Akkupacks verwendet wird nutzbar.The alarm contact can also be used for interrupting the temperature sensor used for charging and discharging the battery pack.
Der Pin kann deshalb auch als Temperaturüberwachungs- oder NTC Kontakt (Temperatursensor) bezeichnet werden.The pin can therefore also be called a temperature monitoring or NTC contact (temperature sensor).
Es gibt insgesamt verschiedenste Abschaltzustände/-werte bei denen das passive BMS ohne aufwendige Komponenten tätig wird, sondern ohne Microprozessorsteuerung einfach bei bestimmten hinterlegten Schwellen/Zuständen Komponenten im gesamten Strang zu bestimmten Zustandsänderungen anregt, insbesondere wenn es um sicherheitsrelevante Zustände geht.There are altogether a wide variety of switch-off states / values in which the passive BMS operates without complex components, but simply stimulates certain states changes without specific microprocessor control for certain stored thresholds / states components in the entire line, in particular when it comes to safety-relevant states.
Ein Beispiel hierzu wäre eine Fehlerbehebung bei Überspannung:
Überspannung wird im normalen Zustand vom Ladegerät überwacht und entsprechend behandelt. Sollte das Ladegerät diesbezüglich eine Fehlfunktion haben, wird dies vom BMS erkannt und an den Lader kommuniziert. Falls auch diese Kommunikation nicht funktioniert, unterbricht das vereinfachte BMS den Alarmpin (Signal für den Lader als Alarm). Sollte die Meldung über den Alarmpin auch nicht funktionieren, schmilzt das BMS die Schmelzsicherung durch.An example of this would be an overvoltage troubleshooting:
Overvoltage is monitored by the charger in the normal condition and treated accordingly. Should the charger malfunction in this regard, the BMS recognizes this and communicates with the charger. If this communication does not work either, the simplified BMS will interrupt the alarm pin (signal for the loader as an alarm). If the message about the alarm pin also does not work, the BMS melts the fuse.
Schaltwerte für solch eine gestufte, eskalierende Fehlerabarbeitung wären z. B.
Ladegerät Abschaltung bei 4,2 V/Zelle
Alarmpin bei 4,35 V/Zelle
Schmelzsicherung bei 4,5 V/ZelleSwitching values for such a stepped, escalating error processing would be z. B.
Charger shutdown at 4.2V / cell
Alarm pin at 4.35 V / cell
Fuse at 4.5 V / cell
Ein weiteres Beispiel hierzu wäre eine Fehlerbehebung bei Unterspannung:
Sollte das passive BMS eine Unterspannung detektieren, wird dies an den Motor, die Motorsteuerung kommuniziert. Die Abschaltung wird dann dort vor dem Motor mittels des dort serienmäßigen verbauten Leistungsschalters vorgenommen. Der sonst extra im Akkupack verbaute Leistungsschalter kann so eingespart werden.Another example would be an under-voltage troubleshooting:
If the passive BMS detects an undervoltage, this is communicated to the motor, the motor control. The shutdown is then made there in front of the engine by means of built-in circuit breaker as standard there. The otherwise extra installed in the battery pack circuit breaker can be saved.
Sollte der Leistungsschalter am Motor aus anderen Gründen nicht auslösen/trennen (z. B. Fehler im Kommunikationspfad), wird vom BMS der Alarmpin gesetzt, bzw. unterbrochen, welches also als die gestufte Rückfalllösung einer zweiten Abschaltung zu betrachten ist. Sollte auch dieser Alarmpin nicht zu einer Abschaltung führen, wird vom BMS als letzte Rückfalllösung, Stufe die Schmelzsicherung abgesteuert, ausgelöst.If, for other reasons, the circuit-breaker on the motor does not trip / disconnect (eg error in the communication path), the BMS sets or suspends the alarm pin, which must therefore be regarded as the stepped fallback solution for a second shutdown. If this alarm pin does not lead to a shutdown, the BMS triggers the last fallback solution.
Das BMS kann hierbei mittels eines Microprozessors oder einer hartverdrahteten Schaltungslogik gesteuert werden, welche den Vorteil hat auch gegen EMV Störungen unempfindlicher zu sein. Sie wiedersteht auch erhöhte Anforderungen an EMV-Burst Tests.The BMS can be controlled by means of a microprocessor or hard-wired circuit logic, which has the advantage of being less sensitive to EMC interference. It also resists increased demands for EMC burst testing.
Die Erfindung lässt zahlreiche Ausführungsformen zu. Eine davon ist in der Figuren schematisch dargestellt und im Folgenden erläutert. Es zeigt:The invention allows numerous embodiments. One of them is shown schematically in the figures and explained below. It shows:
Die übergeordnete Systemsteuerung kann hierbei an die Motorsteuerung angegliedert sein, oder am/im Bediensockel (
Akkupack (
Das BMS (
Das BMS (
In den Bediensockel (
In einem detektierten Fehlerfall kann das BMS (
Claims (10)
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| DE102011115908A DE102011115908A1 (en) | 2011-10-14 | 2011-10-14 | Circuit arrangement of battery management system (BMS) for energy storage device used in electric bicycle, transmits information of current and temperature of battery to component within electric drive through communication line |
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| DE102011115908A DE102011115908A1 (en) | 2011-10-14 | 2011-10-14 | Circuit arrangement of battery management system (BMS) for energy storage device used in electric bicycle, transmits information of current and temperature of battery to component within electric drive through communication line |
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