DE102011106653A1 - Anchoring element for modular anchoring system, particularly for use as bone anchoring element in operative treatment of bone fractures, is provided with functional shaft and functional area for anchoring in structure part - Google Patents

Abstract

The anchoring element is provided with a functional shaft (1) and a functional area for anchoring in a structure part, where the functional area has a component of shape memory material or superelastic material, which is provided for anchoring in the structure part. The shaft comprises a recess (3), where the component is arranged in the recess. The component is formed as wire- or sheet shaped element (2).

Description

The present invention relates to an anchoring element with a functional shaft and at least one functional area for anchoring in a structural part as well as a modular anchoring system.

Corresponding anchoring elements z. B. used as so-called bone anchor in the surgical treatment of bone fractures. Osteosynthesis after fractures as well as refixation of ligaments that have been torn off the bone involve the use of different bone screws and bone nails. In spine surgery, bone screws are known in conjunction with rod or plate systems for correcting spinal deformities and stabilizing disc or vertebral body replacement.

A problem here is the anchoring stability of these implants in z. B. by osteoporosis degeneratively diseased bone substances. In order to improve the maintenance of screws in degeneratively altered bone, they are anchored with bone cement. However, if a revision surgery is necessary, this is often possible with cemented screws only with a large-scale damage to the surrounding trabecular structure.

Another method for improving the stability of the implant in the bone is the use of so-called revision or osteoporotic screws. The difference to standard screws is usually in an increase in the outer diameter.

Also known expansion screws increase the bone-implant contact and tra conditions thus contribute to a better anchorage. To widen these slotted screws, an expansion core or a smaller expansion screw is inserted into a central bore of the expansion screw.

The anchoring elements or anchoring methods used so far are sometimes associated with high surgical effort, which also represents a high physical stress for the patient and can only be used for certain fields of application.

It is the object of the present invention to provide an anchoring element with a shaft and at least one functional area for anchoring in a structural part, wherein the anchoring element can be used in a simple and reliable manner, and to provide a modular anchoring system with such an anchoring element.

This object is achieved by an anchoring element with a shaft and at least one functional area with the features of claim 1. Preferred developments are set forth in the dependent claims.

With regard to the modular anchoring system, the aforementioned object is achieved by the features of claim 24.

The invention discloses an anchoring element having a shaft and at least one functional area for anchoring in a structural part, the functional area having at least one component of shape-memory material or superelastic material which is effective for anchoring in or releasing from the structural part.

Preferably, in some embodiments, the shaft has at least one recess and the component is disposed in the recess.

According to certain embodiments, the component is arranged in a first state completely in the recess and protrudes in a second state from this recess. In a part of these embodiments, the component is formed in a wire-shaped or sheet-like manner and fixed to the shaft with an end portion, wherein in the second state, a free end portion of the wire or sheet-like component protrudes from the recess. In a further part of these embodiments, the component is formed in a wire-shaped or sheet-like manner and with both end sections, slidably mounted in the recess and in the second state protrudes a central portion of the wire or sheet-like component of the recess and the two end portions are in the recess held.

In accordance with at least one further embodiment, at least one projection is formed on the wire-shaped or sheet-like component.

According to certain embodiments, the component is plate-shaped and fixed to the shaft with a side edge, and the component is movable from a first state to a second state substantially perpendicular to a longitudinal extension of the shaft.

In accordance with at least one further embodiment, an outer surface of the component continuously merges into a first state Outer surface of the shaft and forms in a second state a paragraph to the outer surface of the shaft.

According to at least one further embodiment, the component of shape memory material is automatically displaceable along the transition of a first state into a second state along a longitudinal extent of the shaft.

In accordance with at least one further embodiment, the component of shape memory material, which in the first state is arranged completely in the recess, protrudes out of this recess in a second state.

According to certain embodiments, the component designed as an activation element for moving an anchoring device is made of shape-memory material or super-elastic material.

Preferably, the component is helical.

According to certain embodiments, the shaft has at least one recess and the anchoring device is arranged in the recess.

According to certain embodiments, in a first condition of the shape memory material or superelastic material component, the anchoring means is fully disposed in the recess and the anchoring means projects from the recess in a second state of the shape memory material or superelastic material component.

In accordance with at least one further embodiment, the anchoring device comprises a wire-shaped element and an end section of the wire-shaped element is connected to the component of shape memory material or superelastic material, wherein in the second state of the component a free end section of the wire-shaped element projects out of the recess.

According to at least one further embodiment, at least one projection is formed on the wire-shaped or sheet-like element of the anchoring device.

According to at least one further embodiment, the component of shape-memory material or super-elastic material is formed as a sleeve which surrounds the shaft and has at least one projection, which sleeve expands or pushes in a transition from a first state to a second state in the longitudinal direction of the shaft.

In accordance with at least one further embodiment, the component of shape memory material or superelastic material is formed integrally with the shaft and has at least one protrusion and expands or compresses in a transition from a first state to a second state.

Furthermore, the object is achieved according to the invention by an anchoring element with a shaft and at least one functional area with the features of independent claim 19 or 20. Preferred developments are set forth in the subclaims.

The invention thus further discloses an anchoring element with a shaft and at least one functional element, wherein the shaft is partially slotted and made of shape memory material or superelastic material, and this shaft is spread by the functional element in a first state and the sides of the shaft in a second state are moved towards each other.

The invention thus further discloses an anchoring element with a shaft and at least one functional element, wherein the shaft consists of several components and these components are clamped together by means of a functional element of shape memory material or superelastic material in a first state and a second state solved.

According to at least one further embodiment, at least partially projections are arranged on the surface of the shaft.

According to at least one further embodiment, an external thread is at least partially applied to the shaft.

In accordance with at least one further embodiment, the anchoring device comprises a wire-shaped element and a middle section of the wire-shaped element is connected to the component of shape-memory material or superelastic material and in the second state of the component free end sections of the wire-shaped element protrude from the recess.

According to certain embodiments, the shaft is made up of a plurality of components of shape memory material or superelastic material, and these components are in a first state by means of a functional element clamped together and solved a second state.

Preferably, the anchoring element is designed as a bone anchoring element for anchoring in a bone.

Preferably, the anchoring element is implant anchoring element, z. B. for osteosynthesis, internal fixators but also for fixing several elements such as bone elements, ligaments, muscles and / or tendons used. Furthermore, the anchoring element is suitable for special degeneratively diseased bones (osteoporosis) and as an alternative to fixation by means of bone cement.

As an alternative to the medical application, said anchoring element can also be used for cellular materials or foam structures, for example of metals, plastics or material composites. Furthermore, the anchoring element can be used for insertion into soft materials, such as rubber. In a further alternative application, the anchoring element is suitable as an insert element in fiber-reinforced plastic composites.

According to the embodiments, the respective wire-shaped elements and the illustrated components are formed of a shape memory alloy (shape memory material). This shape memory alloy belongs to the group of active materials. These are materials that act as an energy converter between the acting field size and the mechanical energy when exposed to a field. Here, for example, by the application of heat or by applying an electric or magnetic field, a change in shape of the respective component is generated, wherein the component can be transferred from a first state to a second state. This transfer from the first to the second state is reversible or irreversible. The available shape memory alloys generally have high elasticity and good deformability. Furthermore, the high compressibility of such materials is advantageous.

In the case of shape memory alloys, so-called superelasticity is also observed, in which a pseudoelastic deformation occurs, which exceeds the conventional elastic deformation of conventional metals up to 20 times. This so-called superelastic effect is also based on a change of state based on a structural transformation of the shape memory alloys.

The present invention will be described and explained in more detail below with reference to various embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

In the drawings show:

1a to 1d a first embodiment of the anchoring element, wherein

1a shows a side view of the anchoring element in a first state,

1b a sectional view according to the section BB of 1a shows,

1c shows a side view of the anchoring element in a second state, and

1d a sectional view of the anchoring element according to the section AA of 1c shows;

2a to 2d a second embodiment of the anchoring element, wherein

2a shows a side view of the anchoring element in a first state,

2 B a sectional view according to the section AA of 2a shows,

2c shows a side view of the anchoring element in a second state, and

2d a sectional view of the anchoring element according to the section BB of 2c shows;

3a to 3f a third embodiment of the anchoring element, wherein

3a shows a side view of the anchoring element in a first state,

3b a sectional view according to the section AA of 3a shows,

3c shows a perspective view of the anchoring element in a first state,

3d shows a side view of the anchoring element in a second state,

3e a sectional view of the anchoring element according to the section BB of 3d shows,

3f shows a perspective view of the anchoring element in a second state;

4a to 4f a fourth embodiment of the anchoring element, wherein

4a shows a side view of the anchoring element in a first state,

4b a sectional view according to the section AA of 4a shows,

4c shows a perspective view of the anchoring element in a first state,

4d shows a side view of the anchoring element in a second state,

4e a sectional view of the anchoring element according to the section BB of 4d shows,

4f shows a perspective view of the anchoring element in a second state;

5a to 5f a fifth embodiment of the anchoring element, wherein

5a shows a side view of the anchoring element in a first state,

5b a sectional view according to the section AA of 5a shows,

5c shows a perspective view of the anchoring element in a first state,

5d shows a side view of the anchoring element in a second state, and

5e a sectional view of the anchoring element according to the section BB of 5d shows,

5f shows a perspective view of the anchoring element in a second state;

6a and 6b a sixth embodiment of the anchoring element, wherein

6a shows a perspective view of the anchoring element in a first state,

6b shows a perspective view of the anchoring element in a second state;

7a and 7b a seventh embodiment of the anchoring element, wherein

7a shows a perspective view of the anchoring element in a first state,

7b shows a perspective view of the anchoring element in a second state;

8a to 8f an eighth embodiment of the anchoring element, wherein

8a shows a side view of the anchoring element in a first state,

8b a sectional view according to the section AA of 8a shows,

8c shows a perspective view of the anchoring element in a first state,

8d shows a side view of the anchoring element in a second state, and

8e a sectional view of the anchoring element according to the section BB of 8d shows,

8f shows a perspective view of the anchoring element in a second state;

9a to 9f a ninth embodiment of the anchoring element, wherein

9a shows a side view of the anchoring element in a first state,

9b a sectional view according to the section AA of 9a shows,

9c shows a perspective view of the anchoring element in a first state,

9d shows a side view of the anchoring element in a second state, and

9e a sectional view of the anchoring element according to the section BB of 9d shows,

9f shows a perspective view of the anchoring element in a second state;

10a to 10f a tenth embodiment of the anchoring element

10a shows a side view of the anchoring element in a first state,

10b a sectional view according to the section AA of 10a shows,

10c shows a perspective view of the anchoring element in a first state,

10d shows a side view of the anchoring element in a second state, and

10e a sectional view of the anchoring element according to the section BB of 10d shows and

10f shows a perspective view of the anchoring element in a second state;

11a to 11f an eleventh embodiment of the anchoring element, wherein

11a shows a side view of the anchoring element in a first state,

11b a sectional view according to the section AA of 11a shows,

11c shows a perspective sectional view of the anchoring element in a first state,

11d shows a side view of the anchoring element in a second state, and

11e a sectional view of the anchoring element according to the section BB of 11d shows,

11f shows a perspective sectional view of the anchoring element in a second state;

12a and 12b a twelfth embodiment of the anchoring element, wherein

12a shows a perspective view of the anchoring element in a first state,

12b shows a perspective view of the anchoring element in a second state;

13a to 13c a thirteenth embodiment of the anchoring element, wherein

13a shows a perspective view of the anchoring element in a first state,

13b and 13c shows a perspective views of the anchoring element in a second state;

14a and 14b a fourteenth embodiment of the anchoring element, wherein

14a shows a perspective view of the anchoring element in a first state,

14b shows a perspective view of the anchoring element in a second state;

15a to 15c a fifteenth embodiment of the anchoring element, wherein

15a shows a perspective view of the anchoring element in a first state, and

15b and 15c show perspective views of the anchoring element in a second state.

The 1a to 1d show the first embodiment of the anchoring element with a shaft 1 and at least one functional area 13 for anchoring in a structural part. In the first embodiment, these are two functional areas 13 illustrated, which is substantially symmetrical about a median plane of the shaft 1 are arranged. The shaft 1 In this case, it has a substantially cylindrical basic shape and is generally inserted along its longitudinal axis into a cylindrical opening or bore in the associated structural part. This structural part is for example a bone when using the anchoring element as a so-called bone anchor. The shaft 1 the anchoring element in the actual use usually includes other holding devices such as threaded holes or the like, which are mounted for each specific application area, for example, to hold other functional elements such as an internal fixator. These other individually provided devices are omitted in the illustration of the first embodiment for simplicity.

The 1b shows in the sectional view along the section line BB of 1a the shaft 1 with two diametrically opposed recesses 3 , wherein in each recess a component 2 is arranged from shape memory material or superelastic material. In the first embodiment, this component is a wire-shaped element 2 formed, wherein an end portion 2a is attached to the shaft and the opposite end portion 2 B free in the recess 3 is arranged.

As in the starting position of 1b shown is the wire-shaped element 2 completely in the recess 3 except and is not beyond the outer contour of the shaft 1 out.

According to the embodiment, the wire-shaped element 2 formed from a shape memory alloy (shape memory material). This shape memory alloy belongs to the group of active materials. These are materials that act as an energy converter between the acting field size and the mechanical energy when exposed to a field. Here, for example, by the application of heat or by applying an electric or magnetic field, a change in shape of the respective component is generated, wherein the component can be transferred from a first state to a second state. This transfer from the first to the second state is usually reversible here. The available shape memory alloys generally have high elasticity and good deformability. Furthermore, the high compressibility of such materials is advantageous.

In the illustrated first embodiment, the indexing of the shape change becomes the wire-shaped element 2 bent outward, as in the 1d shown. Here is the free end section 2 B the wire-shaped component 2 over the recess 3 of the shaft 1 out.

When using the anchoring element causes the projecting end portion 2 B Anchoring in the structure used, so that the shaft is held securely in the contour.

In the first embodiment shown is a pair of wire-shaped elements 2 represented as components for anchoring. These wire-shaped elements 2 and the associated recesses are offset by 180 ° to each other. In an alternative embodiment (not shown), for example, another pair of wire-shaped elements is provided, which are arranged, for example, at 90 ° to the illustrated elements. In the illustrated embodiment, the wire-shaped elements are at the top of the shaft 1 attached. In the alternative embodiment, the other wire-like elements are also attached to the upper portion of the shaft or to the lower portion of the shaft.

In the embodiment shown becomes a wire-shaped element 2 used, which has a substantially circular or oval cross-section. Alternatively to the embodiment shown, a component of shape-memory material or superelastic material is arranged in each recess, this component being a non-circular cross-section element. In this case, for example, polygonal cross sections are used. Furthermore, sheet-like elements are alternatively used, wherein in cross-section one side edge is much longer than the adjacent side edge. Furthermore, it is alternatively proposed that both components are used with different cross sections in an anchoring element.

When using the anchoring element according to the first embodiment, a corresponding opening is created in the structural part, such as a bone. In the first embodiment, this opening may be slightly larger in diameter than the diameter of the shank 1 be formed. The anchoring element with the wire-shaped elements of the shape memory alloy in the first state as in 1a and 1b can thus be easily and quickly inserted into the opening. This rapid onset significantly reduces the time needed to operate and thus reduces the patient's surgical burden.

After the anchoring element according to the first embodiment is used, the wire-shaped elements of shape memory alloys are activated and thus converted into the second state. The end sections of the wire-shaped elements in this case come out of the recesses and over the outer contour of the shaft 1 out and anchor the shaft in the structural part such as the bone. In the specific application of the anchoring element, further fastening devices, not shown in the figures, are provided on which the corresponding medical implants can be fastened.

In the reversible variant of the shape memory alloy, an already anchored element according to the embodiment can be removed again by returning the wire-shaped elements from the second state to the first state. As a result, the end sections of the wire-shaped elements retract into the recesses and no longer protrude beyond the outer contour of the shaft. In this state, the anchoring element can be relatively easily pulled out of the structural part, such as the bone.

The 2a to 2d show a second embodiment of the anchoring element. This second embodiment comprises a shaft 1 with diametrically opposed recesses 3 , In each of the recesses are two wire-shaped elements 2 arranged, which are formed from a shape memory material. The 2 B shows in the sectional view along the section line BB of 2a the shaft 1 with two diametrically opposed recesses 3 , wherein in each recess two components 2 are arranged from shape memory material or superelastic material. In the second embodiment, these components are wire-shaped elements 2 formed, with end portions 2a to the shaft 1 attached and opposite end portions 2 B in the recess 3 are arranged. As an alternative to the wire-shaped components of the second embodiment, as already explained in connection with the first embodiment, components with non-circular cross-section or sheet-like components and corresponding combinations of such components are used.

In the first state of the wire-shaped elements, these are completely in the recess 3 taken up and overlap in the axial direction of the shaft 1 like this in 2 B is shown. Here is a longer wire-shaped element 2 inside a shorter wire-shaped element 2 arranged outside. The wire-shaped elements in the recess shown 3 are each at opposite areas of the shaft 1 with their end sections 2a attached. When activating the wire-shaped elements 2 , ie after the transfer to the second state, the free end section protrudes 2 B of the overhead wire-shaped element 2 from the recess 3 and is through the free end section 2 B of the lower wire-shaped element 2 , which also from the recess 3 protrudes, supports. By this support is in the in 2 B state shown elastic deformation of the wire-shaped elements 2 diminished, leaving a stable connection of the shaft 1 can be achieved in a structural part.

In the illustrated second embodiment is a pair of upper and lower wire-shaped elements 2 represented as components for anchoring. These wire-shaped elements 2 and the associated recesses are offset by 180 ° to each other. In an alternative embodiment (not shown), for example, another pair of wire-shaped elements is provided, which are arranged, for example, at 90 ° to the illustrated elements.

The anchoring element according to the second embodiment is used and used in a similar manner as the anchoring element according to the first embodiment. Due to the supporting effect on the end portions of the wire-shaped elements in the second embodiment, a correspondingly high-strength anchoring, with the high stress of implants can be supported in a reliable manner.

The 3a to 3f show a third embodiment of the anchoring element with a shaft 1 and a wire-shaped element 2 as a component of shape memory material or superelastic material. In the embodiment shown, the wire-shaped element 2 in a recess 3 used. This recess 3 consists of a coaxial chamber with a side opening, so that the wire-shaped elements 2 to an outside of the shaft 1 to be exposed as in the 3a to 3f is shown.

In this embodiment, the wire-shaped element is slidable in the coaxial recess 3 stored, wherein the wire-shaped element 2 in the first state completely in the recess 3 is included. When transferring the wire-shaped element 2 in the second state, the element kinks 2 towards the side opening, so that a middle section 2c from the recess 3 protrudes. In the embodiment shown, the end portions 2a and 2 B of the wire-shaped element 2 slidable in the recess 3 stored. As an alternative to this mounting, in one embodiment only one end section (eg the end section 2a ), wherein the further end section (eg end section 2 B ) in the shaft 1 is attached.

The 4a to 4f show a fourth embodiment of the anchoring element, wherein two wire-shaped elements 2 as a component of shape memory material or superelastic material in the respective recesses 3 are included. In this embodiment, the end portions 2a and 2 B the wire-shaped elements 2 slidable in bore portions of the recess 3 stored, wherein the middle sections 2c the wire-shaped elements 2 in the region of an outwardly opening of the recesses 3 are arranged.

In the first state are the wire-shaped elements 2 completely in the recesses 3 recorded, as in the 4b is shown. In the second state, the wire-shaped elements buckle 2 outwards so that the middle sections 2c from the recesses 3 protrude. The respective end sections 2a and 2 B the wire-shaped elements 2 are slidable in the bore sections of the recesses 3 stored, like this from the 4b and 4e is apparent.

The anchoring elements according to the third and fourth embodiments are used and used in a similar manner as the anchoring elements of the first and second embodiments. The slender shape of the anchoring elements according to the third and fourth embodiments allows the use in relatively small openings, wherein the central portion of the wire-shaped elements after activation emerges relatively far beyond the outer contour of the shaft. In the embodiments shown, this central portion protrudes further than the diameter of the shank beyond its outer contour when the activation has taken place. This allows a high-strength anchoring of the element.

In the third and fourth embodiments, as already explained in the first and second embodiments, alternatively components with non-circular cross-section or sheet-like components are used.

The 5a to 5f show a fifth embodiment of the anchoring element. In the fifth embodiment, the shaft 1 a central recess in which two wire-shaped elements 2 are taken together, this pair of wire-shaped elements 2 with adjacent end portions on one side of the shaft 1 is stored as clearly from the 5b and 5e evident. In this embodiment, the wire elements 2 a plurality of protrusions 4 which lead to a hooking in a structural part when the wire-shaped elements 2 are transferred to the second state, as in 5e is shown.

The fifth embodiment is used and used similarly to the first and second embodiments. In the fifth embodiment, after activation, the middle portion of the wire-shaped elements comes out beyond the contour of the shank, so that a high-strength anchoring is achieved, which is reinforced by the use of the projections.

As an alternative to the fifth embodiment shown, wire-shaped elements without the projections shown are used in a variant. Furthermore, as an alternative to the embodiment shown, components of non-circular cross-section or sheet-like components are used, as already explained with reference to the first to fourth embodiments.

The 1 to 5 show the respective features of the embodiment of the anchoring elements, wherein individual features of individual embodiments are transferable to the other embodiments. For example, the projections 4 of the fifth embodiment are also provided on the wire-shaped or sheet-like members of the first to fourth embodiments.

Also in the second to fifth embodiments, the shaft has a substantially cylindrical basic shape and is usually inserted along its longitudinal axis in a cylindrical opening or bore in the associated structural part. This structural part is for example a bone when using the anchoring element as a so-called bone anchor. The anchoring element includes in actual use usually further holding devices, such as threaded holes or the like, which are mounted for each specific application area, for example, to hold other functional elements such as an internal fixator. These other individually provided devices are omitted in the illustration of the first embodiment for simplicity.

The 6a and 6b show a sixth embodiment of the anchoring element with a shaft 1 and a functional area 13 for anchoring in a structural part. In the sixth embodiment, the shaft is 1 formed substantially cylindrical, with plate-shaped components 5 from the surface of the cylindrical shaft 1 protrude radially. These plate-shaped components 5 are each arranged diametrically opposite in pairs, as in the 6a and 6b is shown. The 6a shows the plate-shaped components 5 of a shape memory alloy in a first state, wherein the adjacent plate-shaped components 5 lie flat against each other and with their side edge 5a on the shaft 1 are attached. By activating the shape memory alloy, a change in shape takes place in the region of the side edge 5a , wherein the plate-shaped components 5 spread like this in the 6b is shown. Here, the free edges move 5b the plate-shaped components 5 substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal extent of the shaft 1 , Due to the spreading of the plate-shaped components after insertion of the anchoring element, the anchoring element is anchored in the structural part.

In the sixth embodiment shown are two pairs of plate-shaped components 5 represented as components for anchoring. These pairs are arranged offset by 180 ° to each other. In an alternative embodiment (not shown), for example, further pairs of plate-shaped components are provided, which are arranged, for example, at 90 ° to the illustrated elements.

In the illustrated sixth embodiment, upon activation, the plate-shaped components are moved away from each other and thereby spread apart. Alternatively to this embodiment, in one variant, the plate-shaped components are spread in the starting position and are moved towards each other by activating the shape memory alloy. In particular, the plate-shaped components come in an end position in surface contact with each other. However, this end position is only achieved insofar as there are no foreign bodies or the like between the plate-shaped components.

The 7a and 7b show a seventh embodiment of the anchoring element with a shaft 1 and a functional area 13 for anchoring in a structural part. In the seventh embodiment, the shaft is 1 essentially cylindrical and plate-shaped components 5 are with their side edges 5a on the surface of the shaft 1 attached. The 7a shows the seventh embodiment with the plate-shaped components 5 from a shape memory alloy in a first state. In this state, the free side edges 5b the plate-shaped components 5 essentially parallel to the side edges 5a at the attachment area and also substantially parallel to the longitudinal extension of the shaft 1 arranged. In this state, the anchoring element can be easily inserted into the structural part.

By activating the shape memory alloy in the seventh embodiment, a rotation of the free side edges 5b the plate-shaped components 5 , as in 7b is shown. By this twist, the plate-shaped components tense 5 in the structural part, so that the anchoring element is fastened.

In the seventh embodiment shown, four plate-shaped components are uniformly distributed around the circumference. Alternatively to this embodiment shown, two or three plate-shaped components are provided in a variant. Here it is preferred to arrange these components in a uniform distribution on the circumference of the shaft. Thus, for example, three components are arranged offset by 120 ° or two components arranged offset by 180 °.

In the seventh embodiment shown, the plate-shaped components are arranged in the starting position parallel to the longitudinal axis of the shaft and rotated when activated with respect to this axis. Alternatively to this embodiment shown, the plate-shaped components are rotated in the starting position in a variant and are aligned by the activation parallel to the longitudinal axis of the shaft. In a further variant, components which are twisted in the starting position are combined with components which are arranged in parallel in the starting position. For example, in four plate-shaped components, the combination of opposing plate-shaped components in parallel alignment in the starting position with opposite components, which are twisted in the starting position.

Also in the sixth and seventh embodiments, the shaft has a substantially cylindrical basic shape and is usually inserted along its longitudinal axis into a cylindrical opening or bore in the associated structural part. This structural part is for example a bone when using the anchoring element as a so-called bone anchor. The anchoring element in actual use usually includes other holding devices, such as threaded holes or the like, which are mounted for the particular application area, for example, to hold other functional elements such as an internal fixator. These other individually provided devices are omitted in the illustration of the first embodiment for simplicity.

When using the anchoring elements according to the sixth and seventh embodiments, first, similar to the aforementioned embodiments, an opening or a bore is provided in the structural part, wherein the diameter of this opening is slightly larger than the diameter of the shank. The anchoring element is inserted into this opening and hammered for further attachment along the longitudinal axis of the shaft, so that the plate-shaped elements cut into the structural part. With the activation takes place a corresponding spreading of the plate-shaped elements, so that a high-strength anchorage can be achieved.

The 8a to 8f show an eighth embodiment of the anchoring element with a shaft 1 and a functional area 13 , In this embodiment, the shaft has a substantially cylindrical basic shape and is usually inserted along its longitudinal axis into a cylindrical opening or hole in the associated structural part. This structural part is for example a bone when using the anchoring element as a so-called bone anchor. The anchoring element includes in actual use usually further holding devices, such as threaded holes or the like, which are mounted for each specific application area, for example, to hold other functional elements such as an internal fixator. These other individually provided devices are omitted in the illustration of the first embodiment for simplicity.

The shaft 1 is substantially cylindrical and has a recess 3 on the surface. In this recess 3 is a plate-shaped component 5 taken up or wound up spirally. The 8a to 8c show the eighth embodiment with the plate-shaped component 5 from a shape memory alloy in a first state. As shown in these figures, in this state, the plate-shaped component 5 completely in the recess 3 recorded and is not on the other outer contour of the shaft 1 out. After activation of the shape memory alloy, the plate-shaped component 5 transferred to the second state, as shown in the 8d to 8f is shown. In this second state, the spiral of the plate-shaped component opens 5 so that these from the recess 3 over the outer contour of the shaft 1 emerges and thus ensures anchoring of the anchoring element in the structural part.

The anchoring element according to the eighth embodiment is essentially used and used as the anchoring elements of the first and second or the third and fourth embodiment. Here, a slightly larger bore is created in the structural part and the shaft inserted into this hole. After activation, the spiral plate opens, allowing anchoring of the element. Due to the spirally resilient shape a reliable anchoring is achieved, but a certain elastic support prevents further damage to the structural part due to partial loads.

The 9a to 9f show a ninth embodiment of the anchoring element with a shaft 1 and a functional area 13 for anchoring in a structural part. In this embodiment, the shaft has a substantially cylindrical basic shape and is usually inserted along its longitudinal axis into a cylindrical opening or bore in the associated structural part. This structural part is for example a bone when using the anchoring element as a so-called bone anchor. The anchoring element includes in actual use usually further holding devices, such as threaded holes or the like, which are mounted for each specific application area, for example, to hold other functional elements such as an internal fixator. These other individually provided devices are omitted in the illustration of the first embodiment for simplicity.

In the ninth embodiment, the shaft is 1 formed substantially cylindrical, wherein a component 6 made of shape memory alloy cap-shaped, as shown in particular from the sectional views of the 9b and 9e is apparent. This component 6 includes a hemispherical end portion and a cylinder portion whose surface 6a continuously into the surface 1a of the shaft 1 passes if the component 6 made of shape memory alloy in the first state. As in the 9a to 9c In this state, the anchoring element can be easily inserted into a corresponding opening in a structural part.

By activating the shape memory alloy, the component becomes 6 converted into the second state, as evidenced by the 9d to 9f is apparent. This shortens a central pier 6b the component 6 that on the shaft 1 is stored, so that the cap-shaped component 6 on the shaft 1 is pulled. In this case, the cap expands so that it protrudes beyond the contour of the shaft. The increase in the circumferential length of the cap by this change is due to the longitudinal slots shown 6c balanced.

The anchoring element according to the ninth embodiment is used similarly to the anchoring elements of the preceding embodiments, wherein initially a slightly larger bore is provided in the structural part. Due to the cap-shaped configuration, the anchoring element shown can be easily inserted into this hole, even if it can not be directly applied coaxially. After activation, the cap opens so that the protruding edges act as hooks and prevent withdrawal of the anchoring element, thus providing a secure anchorage.

The 10a to 10f show a tenth embodiment of the anchoring element with a shaft 1 and a functional area 13 for anchoring in a structural part. This tenth embodiment shows an anchoring device consisting essentially of two wire elements 7 which is slidable in a recess 8th in the shaft 1 are arranged, wherein the end portions 7a . 7b over the openings on the shaft 1 can emerge on the outer contour, as shown in particular from the sectional views of 10b and 10c evident. The wire elements 7 inside the shaft 1 are formed of a shape memory material. In a first state of the wire elements 7 made of shape memory alloy are the end sections 7a and 7b in the shaft 1 withdrawn, like this from the 10a to 10c is apparent. In this state, the anchoring element can be easily inserted into a corresponding opening in a structural part.

By activating the wire 7 shape memory alloy becomes the middle section 7c along the longitudinal extent of the shaft 1 moved so that the end sections 7a and 7b of the wire 7 from the openings over the contour of the shaft 1 emerge as this in the 10d to 10f is shown. In this second state, anchoring takes place in the structural part.

The 11a to 11f show an eleventh embodiment of the anchoring element with a shaft 1 and a functional area 13 for anchoring in a structural part. In the shown Embodiment, the anchoring device consists essentially of two wires 9 that comes with a first section 9a are fixed, with a free end portion 9b in the holes on the shaft 1 is stored. A component 10 Shape memory alloy is also in the shaft 1 stored and with the end section 9a connected. With the component 10 made of shape memory alloy in a first state are the free end portions 9b withdrawn, as in the 11a to 11c is shown. In this state, the anchoring element can be easily accommodated in a corresponding opening in the structural part.

By the transfer of the shape memory alloy in the second state, the spiral or helical component expands 10 like this in the 11e and 11f is shown, so that the free end sections 9b about the contour of the shaft 1 step out. In this state, anchoring takes place in the structural part.

Also in the tenth and eleventh embodiments, the shaft has a substantially cylindrical basic shape and is usually inserted along its longitudinal axis in a cylindrical opening or bore in the associated structural part. This structural part is for example a bone when using the anchoring element as a so-called bone anchor. The anchoring element includes in actual use usually further holding devices, such as threaded holes or the like, which are mounted for each specific application area, for example, to hold other functional elements such as an internal fixator. These other individually provided devices are omitted in the illustration of the first embodiment for simplicity.

The anchoring elements according to the tenth and eleventh embodiments are used and used similarly to the anchoring elements of the third and fourth embodiments. When activated, the end portions of the wires exit at an acute angle beyond the contour of the shaft and become entangled in the structural member. Thus, a directional anchoring of the element is achieved.

The 12a and 12b show a twelfth embodiment of the anchoring element with a shaft and a functional area for anchoring in a structural part. In this embodiment, the anchoring element consists essentially of a partially slotted shaft 12 from a shape memory alloy. The core element 11 is used for stabilization in the slotted insert, as shown in the 12a is shown. In this state, the anchoring element is inserted or taken in the opening of the structural part. To revise this anchorage becomes the element 11 removed and activated the shape memory alloy, so that the two sides of the slotted shank 12 move toward each other and so a removal of the insert, ie a release of the same from the structural part, for. B. for auditing purposes.

The 13a to 13c show a thirteenth embodiment of the anchoring element with a shaft and a functional area. In this embodiment, the anchoring element consists essentially of a slotted cylindrical insert with a smooth surface and comprises several individual components 12a to 12e like this in the 13c is shown. A core element 11 is inserted in a central opening and the slotted cylinder insert is in the state as in 13a shown inserted into the opening in a structural part. For revision, the core element consists of a shape memory alloy 11 activated and removed. After that, the components can be left 12a to 12d one at a time from the pointed section 12e loosen and remove.

Also in the twelfth and thirteenth embodiments, the shank has a substantially cylindrical basic shape and is usually inserted along its longitudinal axis into a cylindrical opening or bore in the associated structural part. This structural part is for example a bone when using the anchoring element as a so-called bone anchor. The anchoring element includes in actual use usually further holding devices, such as threaded holes or the like, which are mounted for each specific application area, for example, to hold other functional elements such as an internal fixator. These other individually provided devices are omitted in the illustration of the first embodiment for simplicity.

In the anchoring element according to the twelfth embodiment and the thirteenth embodiment, respectively, an opening or a bore is provided in the structural part, which is slightly smaller than the diameter of the element. This element is then hammered into this hole in a known manner. Due to the difference in diameter between the element and the bore, the element is securely held in the bore.

To remove the anchoring element according to the twelfth embodiment, the core element is removed and the shape memory alloy is activated in the components, so that they after deform inside and reduce the effective outer diameter of the element.

Due to the reduction of the outer diameter, thus the anchoring element can be easily removed.

According to the thirteenth embodiment, the removal of the anchoring element is performed by first activating and pulling out the core member made of a shape memory alloy. As a result, the individual components detach from the pointed section and can be removed one after the other.

In the twelfth and thirteenth embodiments, the outer contour of the shaft is formed substantially smooth. As an alternative to these embodiments, the outer surface of the shaft is provided with a toothing or with projections. In particular, a fourteenth and fifteenth embodiment, as shown in the 14a and 14b respectively. 15a to 15c are shown, an external thread on. In this case, the anchoring element is screwed into a corresponding opening in the structural part. Incidentally, the structure and operation of the fourteenth and fifteenth embodiments corresponds to the already explained twelfth and thirteenth embodiments.

The above-described embodiments show an anchoring element wherein a component of a shape memory material is activated in order to anchor the anchoring element in a structural part. In an alternative embodiment, or in an alternative use of the embodiments discussed above, the shape memory material component is activated to loosen an anchoring element in a structural member. For example, reference is made to the first embodiment, wherein in an alternative application of the shaft 1 is firmly inserted in a structural component. This insertion takes place in the non-activated state, as in the 1a respectively. 1b is shown. For example, such a shaft is hammered into an opening in a bone. To remove the stem, it must be loosened. For this purpose, the wire-shaped component of shape memory alloy is activated and spreads, as shown in the 1c and 1d is shown. Subsequently, the wire-shaped component is deactivated again, so that the free ends retract into the recesses and assume the state again, as in FIGS 1a and 1b is shown. The intermediate activation displaces the surrounding area of the structural part (not shown), so that the shaft loosens in the opening and can now be easily removed. A corresponding application results in an analogous manner in the other embodiments.

The embodiments show an anchoring element with a shank 1 and at least one functional area 13 for anchoring in a structural part, wherein the functional area 13 at least one component 2 . 5 . 6 . 7 . 10 of shape memory material or superelastic material which is effective for anchoring or loosening in the structural part.

Preferably, in some embodiments, the shaft 1 at least one recess 3 on and the component 2 is in the recess 3 arranged.

According to certain embodiments, the component is completely in the recess in a first state 3 arranged and protrudes in a second state of this recess 3 ( 1 - 4 , and 8th ). In a part of these embodiments, the component is 2 formed wire or sheet-shaped and having an end portion 2a on the shaft 1 fixed, wherein in the second state, a free end portion 2 B the wire or sheet-like component 2 from the recess 3 protrudes ( 1 and 2 ). In another part of these embodiments, the component is 2 wire or sheet-shaped and formed with two end portions 2a . 2 B slidable in the recess 3 stored. In the second state, a middle section protrudes 2c the wire-shaped component 2 from the recess 3 out and the two end sections 2a . 2 B are in the recess 3 held ( 3 ).

According to at least one further embodiment, at least one projection 4 formed on the wire or sheet-like component ( 5 ).

According to certain embodiments, the component is 5 plate-shaped, and with a side edge 5a on the shaft 1 attached. The component 5 is from a first state to a second state substantially perpendicular to a longitudinal extent of the shaft 1 movable ( 6 - 8th ).

In accordance with at least one further embodiment, an outer surface passes 6a the component 6 in a first state continuously into an outer surface 1a of the shaft 1 over and forms in a second state a paragraph to the outer surface 1a of the shaft 1 ( 9 ).

According to certain embodiments, the component is 10 of shape memory material or superelastic material as Activation element for moving an anchoring device 9 educated. Preferably, the component is 10 helically formed ( 11 ).

According to certain embodiments, the shaft 1 at least one recess 8th on and the anchoring device 7 respectively. 9 is in the recess 8th arranged ( 10 and 11 ).

In accordance with at least one further embodiment, the anchoring device has a wire-shaped element 9 on and an end section 9a of the wire-shaped element 9 is with the component 10 made of shape-memory material or superelastic material, wherein in the second state of the component 10 a free end section 9b of the wire-shaped element 8th from the recess 9 protrudes ( 11 ).

According to certain embodiments, the shaft is made 1 from several components 12a -D of shape memory material or superelastic material, and these components 12a -D are by means of a functional element 11 clamped together in a first state and a second state solved ( 13 ).

In accordance with at least one further embodiment, the component is 10 of shape memory material or superelastic material as activating element for moving an anchoring device 9 educated. In the embodiment, the component is 10 helically formed. The shaft 1 has at least one recess 8th on and the anchoring device 9 is in the recess 8th arranged ( 11 ).

According to this embodiment, the anchoring device 9 in a first state of the component 10 made of shape memory material or superelastic material completely in the recess 8th is arranged and the anchoring device ( 9 ) protrudes in a second state of the component 10 of shape memory material or superelastic material from this recess 8th ( 11 ).

The anchoring device has a wire-shaped element 9 on and an end section 9a of the wire-shaped element 9 is with the component 10 made of shape-memory material or superelastic material, wherein in the second state of the component 10 a free end section 9b of the wire-shaped element 9 from the recess 8th protrudes ( 11 ).

In accordance with at least one embodiment, at least one projection is formed on the wire-shaped or sheet-like element of the anchoring device.

According to at least one further embodiment, the component of shape memory material or superelastic material is formed as a sheath or sleeve which surrounds the shaft and has at least one projection, which sleeve expands upon transition from a first state to a second state in the longitudinal direction of the shaft or compresses.

In accordance with at least one further embodiment, the component of shape-memory material or super-elastic material is formed integrally with the shaft and has at least one projection, which expands or bends on a transition from a first state to a second state.

According to at least one further embodiment, an anchoring element with a shaft 12 and at least one functional element 11 created, with the shaft 12 is partially slit and made of shape memory material or superelastic material, and this shaft 12 by means of the functional element 11 is spread in a first state and in a second state sides of the shaft 12 are moved towards each other ( 12 ).

According to at least one further embodiment, an anchoring element with a shaft 12 and at least one functional element 11 created, wherein the shaft of several components 12a -D exists, and these components 12a -D by means of a functional element 11 made of shape-memory material or superelastic material are clamped together in a first state and released in a second state ( 13 ).

According to at least one such embodiment are on the surface of the shaft 12 arranged at least partially projections.

According to at least one further embodiment is on the shaft 1 . 12 at least partially applied an external thread.

Preferably, the anchoring element is designed as a bone anchoring element for anchoring in a bone.

The embodiments show an anchoring element with a shaft and at least one functional area for anchoring in a structural part, wherein the functional area comprises at least one component of shape-memory material or super-elastic material, which is effective for anchoring or loosening in the structural part, or the shaft is partially slotted and out Shape memory material or superelastic material, and this shaft is spread in a first state and in a second state sides of the shaft are moved towards each other, or the shaft consists of several components, and these components by means of a functional element of shape memory material or superelastic material in a first Condition clamped together and a second state are solved. The anchoring element can also consist essentially completely of the shape memory material (shape memory alloy, FGL), at least for example the entire functional area.

The same applies in any case with regard to the formation of the functional area of super-elastic material.

The invention further relates to a modular anchoring system with a plurality of anchoring elements of the type described, which are used depending on the circumstances of use case-specific and are selected accordingly. The joint use of a plurality of possibly different anchoring elements is possible.

Claims (24)

Anchoring element with functional shaft ( 1 ) and at least one functional area ( 13 ) for anchoring in a structural part, wherein the functional area ( 13 ) at least one component ( 2 . 5 . 6 . 7 . 10 ) made of shape memory material or superelastic material, which is effective for anchoring in the structural part or for releasing the same. Anchoring element according to claim 1, wherein the shaft ( 1 ) at least one recess ( 3 ) and the component ( 2 ) in the recess ( 3 ) is arranged. Anchoring element according to claim 2, wherein in a first state the component is completely in the recess (10). 3 ) is arranged and in a second state from this recess ( 3 ) protrudes. ( 1 - 4 , and 8th ) Anchoring element according to claim 3, wherein the component ( 2 ) is wire-shaped or sheet-shaped and has an end portion ( 2a ) on the shaft ( 1 ), wherein in the second state a free end portion ( 2 B ) of the wire or sheet-like component ( 2 ) from the recess ( 3 ) protrudes. ( 1 and 2 ) Anchoring element according to claim 3, wherein the component ( 2 ) is wire-shaped or sheet-shaped and has two end sections ( 2a . 2 B ) slidable in the recess ( 3 ) and in the second state a middle section ( 2c ) of the wire or sheet-like component ( 2 ) from the recess ( 3 ) and the two end sections ( 2a . 2 B ) in the recess ( 3 ) are held. ( 3 ) Anchoring element according to claim 4 or 5, wherein at least one projection ( 4 ) is formed on the wire or sheet-shaped component. ( 5 ) Anchoring element according to claim 1, wherein the component ( 5 ) plate-shaped, and with a side edge ( 5a ) on the shaft ( 1 ), and the component ( 5 ) from a first state in a second state substantially perpendicular to a longitudinal extent of the shaft ( 1 ) is movable. ( 6 - 8th ) Anchoring element according to claim 1, wherein an outer surface ( 6a ) of the component ( 6 ) in a first state continuously into an outer surface ( 1a ) of the shaft ( 1 ) and in a second state a paragraph to the outer surface ( 1a ) of the shaft ( 1 ). ( 9 ) Anchoring element according to claim 1, wherein the component ( 7 ) of shape memory material automatically during the transition from a first state to a second state along a longitudinal extent of the shaft ( 1 ) is displaceable. Anchoring element according to claim 9, wherein the component ( 7 ) of shape memory material in the first state completely in the recess ( 8th ) and component ( 7 ) in the second state from this recess ( 8th ) protrudes. ( 10 ) Anchoring element according to claim 1, wherein the component ( 10 ) of shape memory material or superelastic material as activation element for moving an anchoring device ( 9 ) is trained. ( 11 ) Anchoring element according to claim 11, wherein the component ( 10 ) is helically formed. ( 11 ) Anchoring element according to claim 11 or 12, wherein the shank ( 1 ) at least one recess ( 8th ) and the anchoring device ( 9 ) in the recess ( 8th ) is arranged. ( 11 ) Anchoring element according to claim 11, wherein the anchoring device ( 9 ) in a first state of the component ( 10 ) of shape memory material or superelastic material completely in the recess ( 8th ) and the anchoring device ( 9 ) in a second state of the component ( 10 ) of shape memory material or Superelastic material from this recess ( 8th ) protrudes. ( 11 ) Anchoring member according to claim 14, wherein said anchoring means is a wire-shaped member (16). 9 ) and an end portion ( 9a ) of the wire-shaped element ( 9 ) with the component ( 10 ) of shape memory material or superelastic material, wherein in the second state of the component ( 10 ) a free end section ( 9b ) of the wire-shaped element ( 9 ) from the recess ( 8th ) protrudes. ( 11 ) Anchoring element according to claim 13 or 14, wherein at least one projection on the wire or sheet-shaped element of the anchoring device is formed. An anchoring element according to claim 1, wherein the component of shape memory material or superelastic material is formed as a sleeve which surrounds the shaft and has at least one projection, and this sleeve expands or upset in a longitudinal direction of the shaft in a transition from a first state to a second state , An anchoring element according to claim 1, wherein the component of shape-memory material or super-elastic material is formed integrally with the shaft and has at least one projection and expands or bends in a transition from a first state to a second state. Anchoring element with a shank ( 12 ) and at least one functional element ( 11 ), whereby the shaft ( 12 ) is partially slotted and consists of shape memory material or superelastic material, and this shaft ( 12 ) by means of the functional element ( 11 ) is spread in a first state and in a second state sides of the shaft ( 12 ) are moved towards each other. ( 12 ) Anchoring element with a shank ( 12 ) and at least one functional element ( 11 ), wherein the shaft of several components ( 12a -D), and these components ( 12a -D) by means of the functional element ( 11 ) made of shape memory material or superelastic material are braced together in a first state and a second state are solved. ( 13 ) Anchoring element according to claim 17 or 18, wherein on the surface of the shaft ( 12 ) are arranged at least partially projections. Anchoring element according to at least one of claims 1 to 21, wherein on the shaft ( 1 . 12 ) At least partially an external thread is applied. An anchoring element according to at least one of claims 1 to 22, wherein the anchoring element is designed as a bone anchoring element for anchoring in a bone. Modular anchoring system with at least one or more anchoring elements according to at least one of claims 1 to 23, and a selection of the component of the functional area as a function of conditions of use of the anchoring element.

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