DE102011084858A1 - Parallel hybrid drive for motor car, has control unit that performs driving condition dependent control of drive shafts through drive shafts, so that driving torque is produced in consideration of torque generated by engine - Google Patents
Parallel hybrid drive for motor car, has control unit that performs driving condition dependent control of drive shafts through drive shafts, so that driving torque is produced in consideration of torque generated by engine Download PDFInfo
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- DE102011084858A1 DE102011084858A1 DE102011084858A DE102011084858A DE102011084858A1 DE 102011084858 A1 DE102011084858 A1 DE 102011084858A1 DE 102011084858 A DE102011084858 A DE 102011084858A DE 102011084858 A DE102011084858 A DE 102011084858A DE 102011084858 A1 DE102011084858 A1 DE 102011084858A1
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- drive
- combustion engine
- parallel hybrid
- internal combustion
- torque
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines
- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
- B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
- B60K6/48—Parallel type
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- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines
- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
- B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
- B60K6/24—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the combustion engines
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- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines
- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
- B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
- B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
- B60K6/383—One-way clutches or freewheel devices
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- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K7/00—Disposition of motor in, or adjacent to, traction wheel
- B60K7/0007—Disposition of motor in, or adjacent to, traction wheel the motor being electric
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- B60L15/20—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed
- B60L15/2036—Electric differentials, e.g. for supporting steering vehicles
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- B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
- B60L3/0023—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train
- B60L3/003—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train relating to inverters
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- B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
- B60L50/10—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines
- B60L50/16—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines with provision for separate direct mechanical propulsion
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- B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
- B60W10/04—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
- B60W10/06—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of combustion engines
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- B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
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- B60W10/08—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of electric propulsion units, e.g. motors or generators
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- B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
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- B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
- B60W20/10—Controlling the power contribution of each of the prime movers to meet required power demand
- B60W20/15—Control strategies specially adapted for achieving a particular effect
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- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
- B60K17/04—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location or kind of gearing
- B60K17/043—Transmission unit disposed in on near the vehicle wheel, or between the differential gear unit and the wheel
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- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
- B60K17/04—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location or kind of gearing
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- B60K2007/0092—Disposition of motor in, or adjacent to, traction wheel the motor axle being coaxial to the wheel axle
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- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2210/00—Converter types
- B60L2210/40—DC to AC converters
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- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2220/00—Electrical machine types; Structures or applications thereof
- B60L2220/40—Electrical machine applications
- B60L2220/46—Wheel motors, i.e. motor connected to only one wheel
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- B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
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Abstract
Description
Gebiet der ErfindungField of the invention
Die Erfindung betrifft einen Antrieb für ein Kraftfahrzeug mit zwei Elektromotoren, die einen radselektiven Antrieb ermöglichen.The invention relates to a drive for a motor vehicle with two electric motors, which enable a wheel-selective drive.
Hintergrund der ErfindungBackground of the invention
Elektrische Antriebskonzepte, die einen radselektiven Antrieb ermöglichen, sind hinlänglich bekannt. Derartige Antriebskonzepte ermöglichen eine individuelle Drehmoment- / bzw. Drehzahlentwicklung am linken und rechten angetriebenen Rad eines Fahrzeugs, wodurch sich die Fahrstabilität in verschiedenen Fahrsituationen, insbesondere bei Kurvenfahrten, deutlich erhöhen lässt. Electric drive concepts that enable a wheel-selective drive are well known. Such drive concepts allow for an individual torque / rotational speed development on the left and right driven wheels of a vehicle, as a result of which the driving stability can be significantly increased in different driving situations, in particular when cornering.
Ein derartiger Antrieb ist beispielsweise aus
Aus
Aufgabe der ErfindungObject of the invention
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein kompaktes Antriebssystem für ein elektrisch antreibbares Fahrzeug mit erhöhter Reichweite und guten fahrdynamischen Eigenschaften bereitzustellen.The invention has for its object to provide a compact drive system for an electrically driven vehicle with increased range and good driving dynamics properties.
Lösung der AufgabeSolution of the task
Diese Aufgabe wird durch einen Parallelhybridantrieb mit den Merkmalen gemäß Patentanspruch 1 gelöst. Ein derartiger Parallelantrieb umfasst
- • einen ersten Elektromotor mit einer ersten Antriebswelle zum Antrieb eines linken Antriebsrades,
- • einen zweitem Elektromotor mit einer zweiten Antriebswelle zum Antrieb eines rechten Antriebsrades,
- • einem Verbrennungsmotor,
- • mindestens eine erste Freilaufeinheit zur trieblichen Kopplung des Verbrennungsmotors mit der ersten und zweiten Antriebswelle und
- • eine Regelungseinheit zur individuellen, fahrsituationsabhängigen Regelung der von dem ersten und dem zweiten Elektromotor erzeugten Antriebsmomente unter Berücksichtigung des vom Verbrennungsmotor erzeugten Drehmomentes.
- A first electric motor having a first drive shaft for driving a left drive wheel,
- A second electric motor with a second drive shaft for driving a right drive wheel,
- An internal combustion engine,
- • At least one first freewheel unit for drivingly coupling the internal combustion engine with the first and second drive shaft and
- • A control unit for individual, driving situation-dependent control of the drive torque generated by the first and the second electric motor, taking into account the torque generated by the engine.
Vorteilhafte Ausführungsformen der Erfindung sind den abhängigen Patentansprüchen zu entnehmen.Advantageous embodiments of the invention can be found in the dependent claims.
Der Erfindung ermöglicht einen radselektiven und damit hochdynamischen Betrieb des Fahrzeugs trotz Verwendung nur eines mit beiden Antriebsrädern koppelbaren Verbrennungsmotors zur Reichweitenverlängerung. Der Parallelhybridantrieb zeichnet sich im Vergleich zu einem Serienhybrid durch eine besonders kompakte Bauform aus, da auf einen zusätzlichen Generator zur Stromerzeugung verzichtet werden kann. Dennoch bleibt die Möglichkeit des radselektiven Antriebs bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Parallelhybrid trotz dessen Kopplung mit beiden Antriebswellen erhalten. Der Verbrennungsmotor ist ferner in vorteilhafter Ausgestaltung der Erfindung als Range Extender ausgebildet und kann daher vergleichsweise klein dimensioniert werden, da die beiden Elektromotoren allein eine ausreichende Antriebsleistung bei geladener Batterie zur Verfügung stellen können.The invention enables a radselektiven and thus highly dynamic operation of the vehicle despite the use of only one coupled with two drive wheels combustion engine for range extension. The parallel hybrid drive is characterized in comparison to a series hybrid by a particularly compact design, since it can be dispensed with an additional generator for power generation. Nevertheless, the possibility of the wheel-selective drive in the parallel hybrid according to the invention remains despite its coupling with both drive shafts. The internal combustion engine is further formed in an advantageous embodiment of the invention as a range extender and can therefore be relatively small dimensions, since the two electric motors alone can provide sufficient drive power when the battery is charged.
Die mindestens eine Freilaufeinheit koppelt auf sehr einfache Weise den Verbrennungsmotor mit der ersten und zweiten Antriebswelle der beiden Elektromotoren. Im Vergleich zu schaltbaren Kupplungen entfallen Aktuatorik und Steuereinheit, wodurch Bauraum, Gewicht und Kosten in erheblichem Maße eingespart werden können. Die Aktivierung der Kraftübertragung geschieht vielmehr allein durch die Differenz der Drehmomente und Drehzahlen, die vom Verbrennungsmotor und den Elektromotoren bereitgestellt werden.The at least one freewheel unit coupled in a very simple manner, the internal combustion engine with the first and second drive shaft of the two electric motors. Compared to switchable couplings, the actuator and control unit are eliminated, which means that space, weight and costs can be significantly reduced. The activation of the power transmission is done solely by the difference of the torques and speeds provided by the engine and the electric motors.
Wenn die vom Verbrennungsmotor an der mindestens einen Freilaufeinheit bereitgestellte Drehzahl höher als die von dem oder den Elektromotoren bereitgestellte Drehzahl ist, wird der Verbrennungsmotor automatisch eingekuppelt und damit trieblich mit den Antriebsrädern gekoppelt. Dennoch ist auch in einem solchen Betriebsfall ein radselektiver Betrieb möglich. Dies geschieht erfindungsgemäß mittels der Regelungseinheit, die die Elektromotoren derart ansteuert, dass das am jeweiligen Antriebsrad erzeugte Drehmoment, welches sich aus einer Überlagerung des vom Verbrennungsmotor und vom jeweiligen Elektromotor erzeugten Drehmoment ergibt, einem der Fahrsituation gerecht werdenden Solldrehmoment entspricht. When the speed provided by the engine at the at least one freewheel unit is higher than the speed provided by the one or more motors, the engine is automatically engaged and thus drivably coupled to the drive wheels. Nevertheless, even in such an operating case, a wheel-selective operation is possible. This is done according to the invention by means of the control unit that controls the electric motors such that the torque generated at the respective drive wheel, which results from a superposition of the torque generated by the engine and the respective electric motor corresponds to a driving situation fair expectant target torque.
Die erfindungsgemäße Berücksichtung des vom Verbrennungsmotor erzeugten Drehmomentes kann hierbei auf verschiedene Arten durch die Regelungseinheit erfolgen. Beispielsweise ist es möglich, dass der Parallelhybridantrieb Mittel zur Messung des vom Verbrennungsmotor erzeugten Drehmomentes aufweist. Das gemessene Drehmoment kann der Regelungseinheit insbesondere als Eingangsgröße in Form einer Vorsteuergröße verfügbar sein, so dass eine hochdynamische Regelung erfolgen kann. Hierbei kann sogar eine Ausregelung des beim Einkuppeln des Verbrennungsmotors in den Antriebsstrang erzeugten Ruckmomentes erfolgen, so dass dieses durch entsprechende Gegensteuerung der Elektromotoren für den Fahrer nicht oder zumindest deutlich abgeschwächt spürbar ist. The consideration according to the invention of the torque generated by the internal combustion engine can in this case take place in various ways by the control unit. For example, it is possible for the parallel hybrid drive to have means for measuring the torque generated by the internal combustion engine. The measured torque may be available to the control unit in particular as an input variable in the form of a pilot control variable, so that a highly dynamic control can take place. This can even be done a balancing of the jerk moment generated when engaging the engine in the drive train, so that this is not noticeable or at least significantly mitigated by appropriate counter-control of the electric motors for the driver.
Es ist aber auch möglich und von der Erfindung umfasst, dass eine das linke und/oder rechte an den Antriebsrädern angreifende Antriebsdrehmoment repräsentierende Messgröße – also die systemrelevante Ausgangsgröße – erfasst wird, in die das vom Verbrennungsmotor erzeugte Antriebsdrehmoment mit einfliest, sofern dieser eingekuppelt ist. However, it is also possible and encompassed by the invention that a measurement variable representing the left and / or right drive torque acting on the drive wheels-that is, the system-relevant output variable-is detected, into which the drive torque generated by the internal combustion engine also feeds, if it is engaged.
Sofern das Drehmoment des Verbrennungsmotors nur einseitig von einer Kurbellwelle des Verbrennungsmotors abgegriffen wird, ist zur trieblichen Kopplung des Verbrennungsmotors mit der ersten und zweiten Antriebswelle ein Verteilergetriebe notwendig. Dieses ist antriebsseitig mit der Kurbelwelle verbunden und abtriebsseitig mit der ersten und zweiten Antriebswelle, wobei das Getriebe derart gestaltet ist, dass das Moment des Verbrennungsmotors richtungsgleich auf die erste und die zweite Antriebswelle wirkt. Eine individuelle Regelung der an den Antriebsräder angreifenden Antriebsdrehmomente beispielsweise zur Gierwinkelbeschleunigung geschieht durch die Elektromotoren. Ungleiche Drehzahlen beispielsweise bei Kurvenfahrten können hierbei in vorteilhafter Weiterbildung des Parallelhybridantriebs dadurch ermöglicht werden, dass das Getriebe ein Differenzial umfasst.If the torque of the internal combustion engine is tapped only on one side by a crankshaft of the internal combustion engine, a transfer case is necessary for driving coupling of the internal combustion engine with the first and second drive shaft. This is the drive side connected to the crankshaft and the output side with the first and second drive shaft, wherein the transmission is designed such that the torque of the internal combustion engine acts directionally equal to the first and the second drive shaft. An individual control of the drive torques acting on the drive wheels, for example for yaw angular acceleration, is done by the electric motors. Uneven speeds, for example when cornering, can be made possible in this case in an advantageous development of the parallel hybrid drive in that the transmission comprises a differential.
Alternativ oder auch zusätzlich werden ungleiche Drehzahlen an linker und rechter Antriebsseite in vorteilhafter Ausgestaltung des Parallelhybridantriebes dadurch ermöglicht, dass die erste Antriebswelle über die erste Freilaufeinheit mit dem Verbrennungsmotor trieblich gekoppelt ist und die zweite Antriebswelle über eine zweite Freilaufeinheit mit dem Verbrennungsmotor trieblich gekoppelt ist. Dadurch, dass hierbei jede Antriebswelle individuell mit dem Verbrennungsmotor über eine eigene Freilaufeinheit gekoppelt ist, wird ermöglicht, dass beispielsweise die erste Antriebswelle des ersten Elektromotors an der Freilaufeinheit eine höhere Drehzahl als der Verbrennungsmotor liefert, so dass hier der Verbrennungsmotor ausgekuppelt ist, und gleichzeitig das von der zweiten Antriebswelle am Freilauf bereitgestellte Drehmoment unter dem des Verbrennungsmotor liegt, so dass hier der Verbrennungsmotor eingekuppelt ist und entsprechend das rechte Antriebsrad antreibt. Mithin ergäbe sich in diesem Szenario eine höhere Drehzahl am linken Antriebsrad.Alternatively or additionally, unequal rotational speeds on the left and right drive side in an advantageous embodiment of the parallel hybrid drive are made possible by the fact that the first drive shaft is drivingly coupled to the engine via the first freewheel unit and the second drive shaft is drivingly coupled to the engine via a second freewheel unit. The fact that in this case each drive shaft is individually coupled to the internal combustion engine via its own freewheel unit, allows, for example, the first drive shaft of the first electric motor to the freewheeling unit at a higher speed than the internal combustion engine, so that here the engine is disengaged, and at the same time provided by the second drive shaft at the freewheel torque is below that of the internal combustion engine, so that here the engine is engaged and accordingly drives the right drive wheel. Thus, in this scenario, a higher speed would result on the left drive wheel.
Eine besonders vorteilhafte Ausgestaltung der Erfindung kennzeichnet sich dadurch, dass der Verbrennungsmotor eine an dessen Gehäuse beidseitig herausragende Kurbelwelle aufweist, an deren einem Ende die erste Freilaufeinheit montiert ist und an deren zweitem Ende die zweite Freilaufeinheit montiert ist. Hierdurch kann auf ein Verteilergetriebe verzichtet werden. Idealerweise sind hierbei Kurbellwelle und erste und zweite Antriebswelle parallel angeordnet, so dass auch auf zusätzliche Getriebeelemente zur Kraftübertragung zwischen Kurbelwelle und Antriebswellen weitgehend verzichtet werden kann.A particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention is characterized in that the internal combustion engine has a crankshaft protruding on both sides of the housing, at one end of which the first freewheel unit is mounted and at the second end of which the second freewheel unit is mounted. This can be dispensed with a transfer case. Ideally, crankshaft and first and second drive shaft are arranged in parallel, so that can be largely dispensed with additional transmission elements for power transmission between the crankshaft and drive shafts.
In bestimmten Fahrsituation kann auch der Fall eintreten, dass das auf einer Achsseite an dem entsprechenden Antriebsrad gewünschte Drehmoment geringer als das allein vom Verbrennungsmotor erzeugte Drehmoment ist. Zur Reduktion des Momentes des Verbrennungsmotors wird in einem solchen Betriebsfall die Regelungseinheit den der betroffenen Antriebsseite zugeordneten Elektromotor kurzfristig in den Generatorbetrieb schalten, so dass sich die Antriebsleistung des Verbrennungsmotors einseitig aufteilt in eine am betroffenen Antriebsrad abgegeben Leistung und eine den Elektromotor generatorisch antreibende Leistung.In certain driving situations, it may also be the case that the torque desired on an axle side on the corresponding drive wheel is less than the torque generated solely by the internal combustion engine. To reduce the torque of the internal combustion engine, the control unit will temporarily switch the electric motor associated with the affected drive side into generator operation so that the drive power of the internal combustion engine is unilaterally divided into a power output at the affected drive wheel and a power driving the electric motor as a generator.
Im Gegensatz zu einer Serienhybridanordnung, bei der der Verbrennungsmotor zum Antrieb eines Generators dient, der selbst nicht zur Erzeugen eines Antriebsdrehmomentes vorgesehen ist, kann der hier vorgeschlagene Parallelhybridantrieb kompakter und kostengünstiger realisiert werden, da eben der besagte zusätzliche Generator entfällt.In contrast to a series hybrid arrangement, in which the internal combustion engine is used to drive a generator which itself is not provided for generating a drive torque, the parallel hybrid drive proposed here can be realized in a more compact and cost-effective manner, since the said additional generator is omitted.
Oben beschriebene individuelle Regelung der Antriebsdrehmomente gelingt in vorteilhafter Ausgestaltung dadurch, dass der Parallelhybridantrieb
- • einen ersten Vierquadrantensteller, über den der erste Elektromotor aus einer Batterie mit Strom versorgt werden kann, und
- • einen zweiten Vierquadrantensteller, über den der zweite Elektromotor aus der Batterie mit Strom versorgt werden kann,
- • a first four-quadrant drive that powers the first electric motor from a battery, and
- • a second four-quadrant controller, which can supply power to the second electric motor from the battery,
Vorteilhafterweise sind die Elektromotoren als Drehstrommotoren ausgebildet, beispielsweise als permanent- oder fremderregte Synchronmaschine oder als Asynchronmaschine. Bei diesen Maschinentypen ist eine Ausbildung des Vierquadrantenstellers in Gestalt einer dreifachen H-Brücke mit schaltenden Halbleiterbauelementen zweckmäßig. Eine derartige Schaltungskonfiguration ermöglicht den bidirektionalen Leistungstransport bei wechselnder Polarität, der einen Vierquadrantenbetrieb charakterisiert. Als schaltende Halbleiterbauelemente können beispielsweise IGBTs oder Leistungs-MOSFETs mit antiparalleler Freilaufdiode eingesetzt werden. Besonders kompakt gestaltet sich eine vorteilhafte Ausgestaltung der Erfindung, bei der ein besagte Halbleiter, deren Treiber sowie Kühlkörper umfassender Vierquadrantensteller unmittelbar am jeweiligen Elektromotorengehäuse angebracht oder in diesem integriert ist.Advantageously, the electric motors are designed as three-phase motors, for example as a permanent or third-excited synchronous machine or as an asynchronous machine. In these types of machines, an embodiment of the four-quadrant actuator in the form of a triple H-bridge with switching semiconductor components is expedient. Such a circuit configuration allows bidirectional power transfer at alternating polarity, which characterizes a four-quadrant operation. As a switching semiconductor devices, for example, IGBTs or power MOSFETs can be used with antiparallel freewheeling diode. Particularly compact designed an advantageous embodiment of the invention, in which a said semiconductor whose driver and heat sink comprehensive four-quadrant adjuster is mounted directly on the respective electric motor housing or integrated in this.
Der erfindungsgemäße Parallelhybridantrieb ist vorteilhafterweise als Plug-in Hybrid ausgestaltet, so dass ein Kraftfahrzeug, das mit besagtem Antrieb, den Antriebsrädern, einer Batterie sowie einer Ladevorrichtung zum Laden der Batterie aus einem elektrischen Versorgungsnetz ausgestattet ist, vollelektrisch betrieben werden kann und den Verbrennungsmotor lediglich bedarfsweise zur Reichweitenverlängerung benötigt.The parallel hybrid drive according to the invention is advantageously designed as a plug-in hybrid, so that a motor vehicle which is equipped with said drive, the drive wheels, a battery and a charging device for charging the battery from an electrical supply network, can be operated fully electrically and the internal combustion engine only as needed required for range extension.
Der elektrische Antriebsteil des Parallelhybridantriebes kann auf Grund des über einen weiten Drehzahlbereich konstant verfügbaren hohen Drehmomentes elektrischer Maschinen getriebelos und damit als Direktantrieb ausgebildet werden. Eine alternative vorteilhafte Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist hingegen gekennzeichnet durch
- • ein erstes Verbindungsgetriebe zur trieblichen Verbindung der ersten Antriebswelle mit dem linken Antriebsrad und
- • ein zweites Verbindungsgetriebe zur trieblichen Verbindung der zweiten Antriebswelle mit dem rechten Antriebsrad.
- • A first connecting gear for driving connection of the first drive shaft with the left drive wheel and
- • A second connecting gear for driving connection of the second drive shaft with the right drive wheel.
Hierbei kann es sich um eine schaltbares oder auch nicht schaltbares Getriebe handeln. Durch eine einfache Stirnradkette kann beispielsweise eine Verlagerung der elektrischen Antriebsmotoren in Richtung der Fahrzeuglängsachse weg von der anzutreibenden Radachse erfolgen. Mithin wird die Flexibilität bei der Wahl des Einbauortes durch die Verwendung der Verbindungsgetriebe erhöht.This may be a switchable or non-shiftable transmission. By a simple spur gear chain, for example, a displacement of the electric drive motors in the direction of the vehicle longitudinal axis away from the driven axle to be driven. Thus, the flexibility in choosing the installation location is increased by the use of the linkage.
Ferner können die Achshöhe der Elektromotoren und damit der benötigte Bauraum reduziert werden, wenn das Verbindungsgetriebe eine geeignete Übersetzung > 1 aufweist. Hoch drehende Elektromotoren erfordern bei gleicher Leistung einen geringeren Maschinendurchmesser als niedrig drehende Motoren. Das eingesparte Bauvolumen wird zwar zumindest teilweise durch die verwendeten Getriebe kompensiert. Jedoch erhält der Konstrukteur eine höheres Maß an Gestaltungsspielraum bei der Auslegung des Fahrzeugs.Furthermore, the shaft height of the electric motors and thus the required installation space can be reduced if the connecting gear has a suitable gear ratio> 1. High-speed electric motors require less machine diameter than low-speed motors for the same performance. The saved construction volume is indeed at least partially compensated by the gear used. However, the designer gets a higher degree of design freedom in the design of the vehicle.
Eine besonders kompakte Bauweise des elektrischen Antriebssystems gestaltet sich in vorteilhafter Ausbildung dadurch, dass das erste und das zweite Verbindungsgetriebe in einem gemeinsamen Gehäuse angeordnet sind und der erste Elektromotor an der dem linken Antriebsrad zugewandten Seite an das Gehäuse angebracht ist und der zweite Elektromotor an der dem rechten Antriebsrad zugewandten Seite an das Gehäuse angebracht ist. Demnach ergibt sich in Fahrzeugquerrichtung betrachtet ein zentral angeordnetes elektrisches Antriebsmodul.A particularly compact construction of the electric drive system is formed in an advantageous embodiment in that the first and the second connecting gear are arranged in a common housing and the first electric motor is mounted on the left drive wheel side facing the housing and the second electric motor on the Right drive wheel facing side is attached to the housing. Accordingly, viewed in the vehicle transverse direction results in a centrally disposed electric drive module.
Insbesondere besagtes zentral angeordnetes Antriebsmodul lässt sich konstruktiv einfach mit dem Verbrennungsmotor koppeln, wenn in weiterer vorteilhafter Ausgestaltung des Parallelhybridantriebs Wellenenden der ersten und zweiten Antriebswelle an beiden Stirnseiten der Elektromotoren aus deren Gehäuse hinausragen und jeweils ein erstes Wellenende jeder Antriebswelle mit dem zugehörigen Verbindungsgetriebe gekoppelt ist und das andere, zweite Wellenende der ersten Antriebswelle mit der ersten Freilaufeinheit und das andere, zweite Wellenende der zweiten Antriebswelle mit der zweiten Freilaufeinheit gekoppelt ist. Die Kopplung des jeweiligen ersten Wellenendes mit dem zugehörigen Verbindungsgetriebe kann starr sein aber auch mittels Kupplung lösbar, um bedarfsabhängig die Antriebsräder mechanisch von der Rotorwelle der Elektromotoren lösen zu können. Dies kann beispielsweise bei permanenterregten Maschinen zweckmäßig sein, um bei einem Wicklungskurzschluss im Ständer ein von der Maschine erzeugtes Bremsmoment von den Rädern zu entkoppeln. In particular, said centrally arranged drive module can be structurally simple to couple with the internal combustion engine, if in a further advantageous embodiment of the parallel hybrid drive shaft ends of the first and second drive shaft protrude at both ends of the electric motors from the housing and in each case a first shaft end of each drive shaft is coupled to the associated connection gear and the other, second shaft end of the first drive shaft is coupled to the first freewheel unit and the other, second shaft end of the second drive shaft is coupled to the second freewheel unit. The coupling of the respective first shaft end with the associated connection gear can be rigid but also detachable by means of a clutch in order to be able to mechanically separate the drive wheels from the rotor shaft of the electric motors as required. This can be expedient, for example, in permanently excited machines in order to decouple a braking torque generated by the machine from the wheels during a winding short circuit in the stator.
Die Freilaufeinheit bzw. die Freilaufeinheiten zeichnen sich durch eine formschlüssige und damit sehr effektive Kraftübertragung aus. Ferner ist eine Freilaufkupplung im Vergleich zur Reibschlusskupplung deutlich verschleißärmer. Insbesondere um bei einer solchen Kupplung den Fahrkomfort zu steigern, ist in weiterer vorteilhafter Ausgestaltung der Erfindung die Regelungseinheit dazu ausgebildet, durch die erste und, falls vorhanden, zweite Freilaufeinheit erzeugte Drehmomentspitzen durch eine entsprechende Drehmomentsollwertvorgabe für die Elektromotoren zu glätten.The freewheel unit or the freewheel units are characterized by a positive and thus very effective power transmission. Furthermore, an overrunning clutch is significantly lower wear compared to the friction clutch. In particular, to increase the ride comfort in such a clutch, in a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the control unit is adapted to smooth by the first and, if present, second freewheel unit generated torque peaks by a corresponding torque setpoint specification for the electric motors.
Kurze Beschreibung der ZeichnungenBrief description of the drawings
Im folgenden wird die Erfindung anhand der in den Figuren dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiele näher beschrieben und erläutert.In the following the invention with reference to the embodiments illustrated in the figures will be described and explained in more detail.
Es zeigen:Show it:
Ausführliche Beschreibung der ZeichnungenDetailed description of the drawings
In
Um die Reichweite des Kraftfahrzeugs zu erhöhen, kann nun der Range Extender bei der Erzeugung eines Drehmomentes an den Antriebsränder
Um den Range Extender auf die Antriebsräder
Eine Besonderheit des in
Eine individuelle und fahrsituationsabhängige Bestromung der Elektromotoren gelingt mit einer Regelungseinheit
Die Verbindung der Antriebsräder
Im Unterschied zu
Das Verteilergetriebe
Im Unterschied zu den in
Wie in
Die beiden Verbindungsgetriebe
Der Verbrennungsmotor
Die Momenteneinbringung durch den Verbrennungsmotor
Die Vierquadrantensteller
In Abhängigkeit der aktuellen Fahrsituation und somit der von den Sensoren
Die von den Elektromotoren
Auch die Verbindung der Antriebsräder
BezugszeichenlisteLIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS
- 11
- erster Elektromotor first electric motor
- 22
- erste Antriebswelle first drive shaft
- 33
- linkes Antriebsrad left drive wheel
- 44
- zweiter Elektromotor second electric motor
- 55
- zweite Antriebswelle second drive shaft
- 66
- rechtes Antriebsrad right drive wheel
- 77
- Verbrennungsmotor internal combustion engine
- 88th
- Regelungseinheit control unit
- 99
- erste Freilaufeinheit first freewheel unit
- 10 10
- zweite Feilaufeinheitsecond filing unit
- 1111
- beidseitig herausragende Kurbellwelle outstanding crankshaft on both sides
- 1212
- einseitig herausragende Kurbellwelle one-sided outstanding crankshaft
- 1313
- Verteilergetriebe Transfer Case
- 1414
- Sensoren sensors
- 1515
- erstes Verbindungsgetriebe first linkage
- 1616
- zweites Verbindungsgetriebe second linkage
- 1717
- erster Vierquadrantensteller first four-quadrant
- 1818
- Batterie battery
- 1919
- Gehäuse casing
- 20, 2120, 21
- erste Wellenenden first shaft ends
- 22, 2322, 23
- zweite Wellenenden second shaft ends
- 2424
- zweiter Vierquadrantensteller second four-quadrant
- 2525
- Abtriebswellen output shafts
ZITATE ENTHALTEN IN DER BESCHREIBUNG QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION
Diese Liste der vom Anmelder aufgeführten Dokumente wurde automatisiert erzeugt und ist ausschließlich zur besseren Information des Lesers aufgenommen. Die Liste ist nicht Bestandteil der deutschen Patent- bzw. Gebrauchsmusteranmeldung. Das DPMA übernimmt keinerlei Haftung für etwaige Fehler oder Auslassungen.This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.
Zitierte PatentliteraturCited patent literature
- EP 1551658 B1 [0003] EP 1551658 B1 [0003]
- DE 102009002805 A1 [0004] DE 102009002805 A1 [0004]
Claims (10)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102011084858A DE102011084858A1 (en) | 2011-10-20 | 2011-10-20 | Parallel hybrid drive for motor car, has control unit that performs driving condition dependent control of drive shafts through drive shafts, so that driving torque is produced in consideration of torque generated by engine |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102011084858A DE102011084858A1 (en) | 2011-10-20 | 2011-10-20 | Parallel hybrid drive for motor car, has control unit that performs driving condition dependent control of drive shafts through drive shafts, so that driving torque is produced in consideration of torque generated by engine |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DE102011084858A1 true DE102011084858A1 (en) | 2013-04-25 |
Family
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102011084858A Ceased DE102011084858A1 (en) | 2011-10-20 | 2011-10-20 | Parallel hybrid drive for motor car, has control unit that performs driving condition dependent control of drive shafts through drive shafts, so that driving torque is produced in consideration of torque generated by engine |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| DE (1) | DE102011084858A1 (en) |
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| CN108263204A (en) * | 2016-12-30 | 2018-07-10 | 比亚迪股份有限公司 | Power drive system and with its vehicle |
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| US10435075B2 (en) | 2016-05-06 | 2019-10-08 | Arvinmeritor Technology, Llc | Suspension module having a subframe assembly |
| US10814917B2 (en) | 2019-03-04 | 2020-10-27 | Arvinmeritor Technology, Llc | Assembly having a skid plate module |
| US10913321B2 (en) | 2019-03-04 | 2021-02-09 | Arvinmeritor Technology, Llc | Suspension system |
| US10926596B2 (en) | 2019-02-28 | 2021-02-23 | Arvinmeritor Technology, Llc | Suspension system |
| US10981609B2 (en) | 2015-12-30 | 2021-04-20 | Nikola Corporation | Systems, methods, and devices for an automobile door or window |
| US11001129B2 (en) | 2015-12-30 | 2021-05-11 | Nikola Corporation | Cargo door for semi-truck |
| DE102022004263A1 (en) | 2022-11-18 | 2024-05-23 | Mercedes-Benz Group AG | Method and system for controlling individual wheel drives of an electrically driven vehicle |
| WO2024105123A1 (en) | 2022-11-18 | 2024-05-23 | Mercedes-Benz Group AG | Method and system for controlling individual wheel drives of an electrically driveable vehicle |
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| EP1551658B1 (en) | 2002-10-16 | 2006-06-07 | Zf Friedrichshafen Ag | Vehicle equipped with individual electric wheel drive trains |
| DE102009002805A1 (en) | 2009-05-05 | 2010-11-11 | Zf Friedrichshafen Ag | Parallel hybrid drive for use in motor vehicles, has clutch arrangement including freewheel clutch coupled to internal combustion engine and friction clutch provided parallel to freewheel clutch |
-
2011
- 2011-10-20 DE DE102011084858A patent/DE102011084858A1/en not_active Ceased
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| EP1551658B1 (en) | 2002-10-16 | 2006-06-07 | Zf Friedrichshafen Ag | Vehicle equipped with individual electric wheel drive trains |
| DE102009002805A1 (en) | 2009-05-05 | 2010-11-11 | Zf Friedrichshafen Ag | Parallel hybrid drive for use in motor vehicles, has clutch arrangement including freewheel clutch coupled to internal combustion engine and friction clutch provided parallel to freewheel clutch |
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| WO2014189459A1 (en) * | 2013-05-24 | 2014-11-27 | BAE Systems Hägglunds Aktiebolag | Method and system for controlling the powertrain of a vehicle |
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| DE102022004263A1 (en) | 2022-11-18 | 2024-05-23 | Mercedes-Benz Group AG | Method and system for controlling individual wheel drives of an electrically driven vehicle |
| WO2024105123A1 (en) | 2022-11-18 | 2024-05-23 | Mercedes-Benz Group AG | Method and system for controlling individual wheel drives of an electrically driveable vehicle |
| DE102022004265A1 (en) | 2022-11-18 | 2024-05-23 | Mercedes-Benz Group AG | Method and system for controlling individual wheel drives of an electrically driven vehicle |
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