DE102011051390B3 - Use of fresh grass parts for maintaining mounting distance of mounted concrete products e.g. paving-stones, using dried stems and column of cereals, where grass parts are handled around dried stems and column of cereals - Google Patents

Abstract

The fresh grass parts are selected from group consisting of out-threshed stems of cereals, stalks of grain, threshed grain stalks, leaves of cereals or vegetable fibers. The grass parts are handled around dried and pined stems and column of cereals and cleaned by boiling process before use for a spacer bracket of concrete products. The grass parts include average length of 3 to 15 cm preferably 5 to 10 cm, and are applied on a carrier layer. The grass parts are utilized in amount of 20 to 100 g of fresh grass parts per concrete product to 150 to 300 g of sweet grass parts per concrete product.

Description

Technical area

The present invention relates to the use of sweet grass particles for spacing concrete products.

State of the art

Concrete products such as paving stones or slabs are stacked in layers one after the other after being produced and first cured in curing chambers, then packaged and then stored outdoors as a rule.

Various types of spacers made of a wide variety of plastics or sometimes even of wood are currently being used against possible mechanical damage to the surfaces. Especially widespread is the use of waterproof plastic films between the individual layers of the stacking.

From the DE 2 046 437 For example, there is known an apparatus for demanding fresh moldings for concrete blocks from a demoulding point to a shelf. The filing of the concrete blocks is carried out on a pallet or a stack, wherein between the individual layers of the stack a separating layer is provided. The separating layer consists of a thin sheet of foil, paper or the like.

Disadvantages of the plastic spacers are the repeatedly observed, structurally marked markings of the materials on the surface of the concrete products and the pressing out of plasticizers which produce oily spills on the surfaces.

Lining systems made of wood are distracting due to imprints or discoloration on the surfaces of concrete products.

The particular disadvantage of films between the individual layers within a package is the formation of waterlogging and the suppression of air movements to remove moisture or rainwater from the stacks.

It is well known and scientifically proven that efflorescence on concrete products is affected by two major factors. These are, on the one hand, the hardening process of the concrete, which determines the amount of calcium that may be present in ionic, water - soluble form, and the process of water transport, that of water derived from the product or storage in the water Free is rainwater.

Slides as a layer security affect the water transport mechanisms between the layers and out of the stack negative. Waterlogging and penetrating external moisture remain in the packaged containers and are associated with extremely negative effects.

By the term "waterlogging" is meant moisture that brings the still young stone. This moisture must evaporate quickly and be released into the atmosphere. If this is not the case, for example because the stone layers do not allow an exchange of air or because films are used to protect the site, water puddles or drops form between the stones - even on the sensitive surfaces. In this moisture always dissolves a certain amount of calcium. If the moisture dries off, the dissolved calcium is dragged along until at some point the amount of water is no longer sufficient for transport and the calcium in the form of calcium carbonate becomes visible as an unsightly surface deposit.

In addition, the stones are always very moist before being stacked on the underside by the usually used wet boards and the one-day hardening and drying process. This calcium-containing moisture can penetrate the surface of the underlying stone and, after evaporation, also cause the described unsightly phenomena.

When stored outdoors, the concrete products are exposed to the weather and especially rainwater. The processes caused by rainwater are basically the same, which also occur in waterlogged conditions. Only the paths of water within a stone package are more diverse. Wherever larger amounts of water accumulate, after drying indifferent efflorescence up to encrustations is found. The occurring larger amounts of water favor the dissolution of further calcium from the stone surface. The more dissolved calcium remains on the surface after evaporation of the liquid, the more intense are the white edges or cloudy white deposits.

There is therefore a great need in industry and in producers for a layer security for concrete products, which does not have the described disadvantages of currently used materials and at the same time positively influences the Ausflühneigung of concrete products.

Presentation of the invention

This is where the invention starts. The invention, as characterized in the claims, is based on the object to provide a spacer for concrete products that reduces efflorescence of concrete products compared to the prior art.

This object is achieved by using Süßgräserteilen for spacing of stored concrete products according to claim 1. Further advantageous details, aspects and embodiments of the present invention will become apparent from the dependent claims, the description and the example.

The present invention is the use of Süßgräserteilen for spacing of stored concrete products. Sweet grass parts as a natural product not only protect the sensitive surfaces of the concrete products from mechanical damage and prevent the soiling of the surfaces by the products stored above, but also suppress the formation of efflorescence by spacing between two stack layers.

• • Feuchte Unterseiten der Betonprodukte berühren nicht mehr direkt die Oberflächen der unteren Lagen. Eine Wanderungsbewegung von calciumhaltiger Feuchtigkeit auf die Sichtflächen der darunter liegenden Produkte wird unterdrückt.
• • Eine Luftzirkulation durch definierte Abstände wird ermöglicht. Staunässe kann abgeführt werden.
• • Geringe Feuchtigkeitsmengen werden durch das Naturmaterial absorbiert.
• • Durch eine gleichmäßige Verteilung der Druckkräfte werden Markierungen durch das Material auf die Oberflächen vermieden.
• • Feine Oberflächen werden gegen mechanische Beschädigungen geschützt, da kleinere Betonpartikel aus dem Herstellprozess in der Matrix aus Naturmaterial gebunden sind.
• • Das Paket ist in sich stabil. Die einzelnen Lagen verrutschen auch während des Transportes oder Ladevorgängen nicht.
• • Nach dem Verlegeprozess kann das Abstandsmaterial rückstandslos kompostiert, als Brennmaterial oder zur Herstellung von Biokraftstoffen entsorgt werden.

The sweet grass parts are applied evenly to the respective product layers to be stacked. The individual layers within a package are then separated from each other by the natural material without contact. In detail, this results in the following advantages:

• • Moisture undersides of the concrete products no longer directly touch the surfaces of the lower layers. A migration of calcium-containing moisture on the visible surfaces of the underlying products is suppressed.
• • Air circulation through defined distances is possible. Waterlogging can be dissipated.
• • Low levels of moisture are absorbed by the natural material.
• • Uniform distribution of compressive forces avoids marks from the material on the surfaces.
• • Fine surfaces are protected against mechanical damage as smaller concrete particles from the manufacturing process are bound in the matrix of natural material.
• • The package is stable in itself. The individual layers do not slip during transport or loading operations.
• • After the laying process, the spacer material can be composted without residue, disposed of as fuel or for the production of biofuels.

According to a preferred embodiment, the sweet grass parts are selected from the group consisting of threshed stalks of cereals, threshed stems of cereals, leaves of cereals, fiber plants and mixtures thereof. These Süßgräserteile have particularly positive properties with respect to the use as a spacer and layer security of stored concrete products. In particular, they prevent the already mentioned efflorescence of concrete products to a very large extent.

The sweet grass parts are particularly preferably dried and chopped straws and stalks of cereals. Most preferably, the sweet grass parts are threshed, dried, cleaned and chopped straws and stems of cereals.

It has been found to be particularly advantageous if the sweet grass parts are cleaned by boiling before being used for spacing of stored concrete products. As a result, contamination of the surface of the concrete products caused by the sweet grass parts is avoided.

According to another preferred embodiment, the sweet grass parts have an average length of 3 cm-15 cm, more preferably an average length of 5 cm-10 cm.

As advantageous in practical use, it has been found to apply the Süßgräserteile before use as a spacer of stored concrete products on a support layer such as cardboard or paper. The Süßgräserteile can be placed in this case particularly simple and fast in a single operation on the concrete products.

The Süßgräserteile in an amount of 20 g Süßgräserteile per m ² concrete product up to 300 g Süßgräserteile per m ² concrete product, more preferably in an amount of 50 g Süßgräserteile per m ² concrete product up to 200 g Süßgräserteile per m ² concrete product and in particular a quantity of 100 g of fresh grass parts per m ^{2 of} concrete product up to 150 g of fresh grass parts per m ^{2 of} concrete product used.

When using threshed, dried, cleaned and chopped straws and stalks of cereals with a mean length of 5 cm-10 cm in an amount of 100 g of fresh grass parts per m ^{2 of} concrete product up to 150 g of fresh grass parts per m ² concrete product is obtained in one stable package of concrete products whose individual layers do not slip during transport or loading. The moist undersides of the concrete products are kept at a distance and no longer directly touch the surfaces of the underlying layer. A migration of calcium-containing moisture on the visible surfaces of the underlying products is sustainably suppressed. Due to the defined distances between the layers, an excellent air circulation is enabled and thus waterlogging is removed. The dried corn stalks and straws absorb very little moisture. Markings on the surfaces of the concrete products are very effectively avoided by the even distribution of pressure forces. The surfaces of the concrete products are protected against mechanical damage, since smaller concrete particles from the manufacturing process are bound in the matrix of the cereal plant parts. The plant material can be completely composted after the laying process of the concrete products, disposed of as fuel or for the production of biofuels.

Ways to carry out the invention

A high-quality concrete block with fine high-grade splitters in the attachment is produced in batches in a paving stone machine to precise recipe specifications and then spent for 24 hours in a curing chamber. For production reasons, the average temperature in the chamber is between 25 ° C and 40 ° C. After the first hardening phase, the concrete block boards are moved to a stacking plant, the stones are pushed together to a tight position and subjected to about 150 g / m ^{2 of} purified, dried rye straw cut to a mean half length of 5-10 cm. It packs (per package 10 layers) continuously, secures with steel tape and transports the packages in an open outdoor warehouse for weathering.

After 8 weeks, the packages are disassembled and inspected after removal of the natural material, the individual layers. A scratch-free, clean stone surface is obtained without the white efflorescence phenomena usually observed after this time.

Claims (10)

Use of sweet grass particles for spacing of stored concrete products. Use according to claim 1, characterized in that the sweet grass parts are selected from the group consisting of threshed stalks of cereals, threshed stems of cereals, leaves of cereals, fiber plants and mixtures thereof. Use according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the sweet grass parts are dried and chopped straws and stems of cereals. Use according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the pieces of sweet grass are cleaned by boiling before being used for spacing of stored concrete products. Use according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the sweet grass parts have an average length of 3 cm-15 cm. Use according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the sweet grass parts have an average length of 5 cm-10 cm. Use according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the sweet grass parts are applied on a carrier layer. Use according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the Süßgräserteile be used in an amount of 20 g of fresh grass parts per m ² concrete product up to 300 g Süßgräserteile per m ² concrete product. Use according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the sweet grass parts are used in an amount of 50 g of fresh grass parts per m ^{2 of} concrete product up to 200 g of fresh grass parts per m ^{2 of} concrete product. Use according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the sweet grass parts are used in an amount of 100 g of fresh grass parts per m ^{2 of} concrete product up to 150 g of fresh grass parts per m ^{2 of} concrete product.