DE102011012676A1 - Generating optimized biomass from higher aquatic plants, by providing demineralized water as zero water, which is enriched with defined predetermined quantity, and adding part of mineral materials, trace elements, metals or metal ions - Google Patents

Abstract

The method comprises providing demineralized water as zero water, which is enriched with a defined predetermined quantity in mineral materials and/or trace elements and is initially provided with a culture water, in which aquatic plants are recognized to increase, and adding a part of the mineral materials, the trace elements, metals or metal ions as water-soluble chelate, and/or bacteria. Lemnaceae and Eichhornia crassipesare used as the aquatic plants. The higher aquatic plants are increased in water cultures and harvested from the same water cultures. The method comprises providing demineralized water as zero water, which is enriched with a defined predetermined quantity in mineral materials and/or trace elements and is initially provided with a culture water, in which aquatic plants are recognized to increase, and adding a part of the mineral materials, the trace elements, metals or metal ions as water-soluble chelate, and/or bacteria. Lemnaceae and Eichhornia crassipesare used as the aquatic plants. The higher aquatic plants are increased in water cultures and are harvested from the same water cultures. Aquatic culture areas are implemented in a closed light permeable reactor in floors. The zero water is formed from: reaction condensation water; externally supplied rainwater, and/or condensation water through domestic water, wastewater, or seawater (40) evaporated from the externally supplied rainwater. Domestic water, wastewater or seawater is condensed within or close to the reactor. An independent claim is included for a cultural device for producing optimized biomass made from higher aquatic plants.

Description

The invention relates to a method and a device for producing biomass optimized in terms of content from higher aquatic plants, which are propagated in water cultures and harvested from them, according to the preamble of patent claims 1 and 8.

The addition of minerals and trace elements in the diet of livestock is of considerable importance. Frequently, feed-related deficiency or clinical pictures occur, as is known from the http://www.animal-health-online.de/phy/ehsphytolan.html is known. The problem of optimized animal nutrition in this regard is the processing of the plant substrates. It is not effective, if necessary even harmful to the diet to mix minerals and trace elements in elemental form. These are absorbed in the animal organism much worse ie ineffective, as if the minerals and trace elements embedded in a biogenic plant substrate / bound. For this reason, as is known from the above cited reference, plants for feed utilization fermented accordingly. Since the plants used are usually slow-growing land plants whose mineral content depends on the location on the farmland, it is thus impossible to achieve a predeterminable optimal mineral and trace element concentration in the long run.

A balanced addition of biogenic minerals and trace elements is indispensable.

As a used cultural device for higher aquatic low light plants such as Lemnacea the device is according to WO 2010/043323 known. There, aquatic cultural areas are stacked as shallow water tubs and colonized with low light plants, such as Lemnacea. Due to the low-light properties of these mixotrophic plants, these can only be stacked in their main growth phase, thus achieving high crop surface density per reactor volume.

The invention is therefore based on the object to develop a method and a device that in advantageously so fast-growing aquatic aquatic plants (Lemnacea etc), the ingredients despite short residence times in the cultural institution have reproducible and "designable" on the particular purpose ingredients.

The object is achieved in a method of the generic type by the characterizing features of claim 1.

Further advantageous embodiments are specified in the dependent claims 2 to 7.

With regard to a device of the generic type, the object is achieved by the characterizing features of claim 8

Further relevant advantageous embodiments are given in the remaining dependent claims.

Core of the inventive method is that first a demineralized water is provided as a so-called ZERO WATER, which is then enriched with defined predetermined amounts of minerals and / or trace elements, and then provided only as culture water, in which the aquatic plants are used for propagation.

It mainly Lemnacea (duckweed) are used. Algae are also aquatic plants, but no higher aquatic plants. Algae-based feed production is considerably expensive because setting favorable growth parameters is considerably costly. In addition, occur in known algal crops again and again toxic algae species. To separate them during the production of the feed is complicated.

For example, duckweed belongs to the higher aquatic plants. These are extremely fast-growing and vegetate every 1 to 3 days. Within this time the whole vegetation takes place. In addition, duckweed can be sorted and cultivated in a simple manner. Since the culture cycle time or the growth time of the duckweed only takes one to a few days, it reacts in a reproducible and therefore controllable manner with regard to the biogenic incorporation of minerals and trace elements. Since the aquatic cultivated areas can be precisely adjusted with respect to the supplied minerals and amounts, the duckweig is only a few days old until harvesting, and has absorbed these substances, the duckweed will also incorporate a predeterminable and thus repeatedly reproducible quantity thereof , According to the invention, these minerals, unlike land plants, are no longer randomly incorporated in their quantity, but can be controlled and reproduced. This is the significant difference in the effect of the biogenic incorporation of minerals in terrestrial plants, which take several months to grow, and thus also weather and water conditions are exposed, the result in the result only a random quantity of minerals, which is very imprecisely be predetermined ,

By using the zero water defined above, reproducible "designed" quantities of biogenic minerals and trace elements in an excellent plant substrate for animal feed can be generated again and again.

In an advantageous embodiment it is stated that at least some of the minerals and / or trace elements and / or metals or metal ions are added as water-soluble chelates, and / or bacteria. In this way, the minerals and trace elements are not only easily soluble in the culture water, but can also be easily absorbed by the aquatic plants, such as duckweed. The same applies to the addition of bacteria, which can have a growth-enhancing effect in CO cultivation with Lemnacea, especially since the bacteria can supply carbohydrate precursors, whereby even the light requirement and thus the proportion of photosynthesis in the biomass production is further lowered, according to the already achieved low-light property of Lemnacea. In this way even denser layers of stacked aquatic cultivated areas can be created, ie even larger cultivated area densities per volume can be created, which proportionally increases the economic efficiency of this biomass production.

Also suitable for the method according to the invention is the aquatic plant Eichhornia crassipes. This likewise proliferates predominantly vegetatively, and its doubling time of 10 to 14 days is also still within a short period in which reproducible resorptions of minerals and trace elements take place in the procedure according to the invention.

In a particularly advantageous embodiment is stated that in particular the new varieties
CPVO 2009/0984 Lemnacea minor HENRY BLANKE and / or
CPVO 2010/0853 Lemnacea minor HENRY Allegro and / or
CPVO 2010/0854 Lemnacea minor HENRY Vitesse and / or
CPVO 2010/0857 Lemnacea minor HENRY Legato and / or
CPVO 2010/0855 Lemnacea minor HENRY DaCapo and / or
CPVO 2010/0856 Lemnacea minor HENRY Forte and / or
CPVO 2010/0858 Lemnacea minor HENRY Maria and / or
CPVO 2010/0859 Lemnacea minor HENRY Josef and / or
CPVO 2010/0936 Spirodela HENRY Big Mama
with regard to the use of the method according to the invention are of particular advantage.

Another well-suited new strain is the CPVO 2009/0985 Eichhornia crassipes Johann Schoofs Sen.

This is due in particular to the fact that these mentioned varieties each have their own ingredient spectrum.

Thus, it follows that the feedstuff base material can not only be reproducibly designed with regard to the biogenically incorporated mineral and trace element amounts set according to the invention, but can additionally be selected with regard to its protein, fat etc. values.

Overall, this results in a completely natural, GMO-free, but according to product performance freely and reproducibly moldable feedstuff.

But also a favorable ingredient attitude for the use of biomass for biogas, bioethanol etc is so possible.

• – aus reaktorinternem Kondenswasser, und/oder
• – aus von außen zugeführtem Regenwasser, und/oder
• – aus Kondenswasser durch von außen zugeführtes, und innerhalb des Reaktors verdunsteten Brauchwassers, oder Abwassers oder Meerwassers gebildet wird, welches innerhalb oder nahe des Reaktors kondensiert wird.

In a further advantageous embodiment according to the method it is indicated that the aquatic culture surfaces are made in a closed but translucent reactor, and that the zero water

• - From internal reactor condensation, and / or
• - From outside supplied rainwater, and / or
• - Is formed from condensate by externally supplied, and evaporated within the reactor hot water, or wastewater or seawater, which is condensed within or near the reactor.

When operating within a hermetic or predominantly closed biomass production reactors (culture device) for the production of this biomass, the enriched for the invention conditioned mineral and trace elements water can be used as ZERO WATER, the system's internal condensation. This condensate, in such reactors, which can have a size of one hectare or more and a height of 5 to 25 meters, creates an important technical element for the air conditioning of such reactors in order to obtain a stable temperature and moisture buffered system in which the inner climatic conditions are decoupled from short-term fluctuations in the outside temperature. This is to optimally maintain the growth conditions within the reactor for the aquatic cultures. It is precisely this already important for this condensation is now also recycled in such a way that it as "NO WATER ENERGY" within the system "demineralized water" ie according to the invention as zero water for defined mixing defined and not random mineral and trace element contents in the culture water fast-growing aquatic plants can be used. Thus, this results in a multiple benefits.

The core of the device according to the invention is that starting from generated or collected condensed water, a so-called zero water is provided, which then defines and reproducibly regulates the addition of minerals and / or metal ions and / or trace elements to zero water in a mixer, which at least one controlled by conductivity and / or PH measurement metering device controls the supply of said substances.

With this accurate and reproduced production of the culture water, the ingredients of the culture water can be applied to each of the aquatic plant varieties so that the biomass produced can be adjusted perfectly to the purpose for feed, for the human food supplement, and also for the Pharmacie.

For example, the plants mentioned require calcium. If the amount of calcium is too high, however, too much oxalic acid is produced in the plants mentioned. This is disadvantageous. In order to be able to compensate for this aspect in the biomass mentioned in general, it is necessary as a starting point of said zero water, only to be able to set from there an optimally small, but sufficient calcium supply.

In a further advantageous embodiment, it is stated that the culture device is connected to a seawater desalination plant of the condensation type as the zero-water source. In this way, the cultural facility, according to the said zero-water process can also be operated near the sea, where less fresh water is available. Since the Lemnacea tolerate at least a higher salinity than other plants, this effect can also be taken into account in the admixture.

In an advantageous embodiment, it is stated that the seawater desalination plant consists of a centrally applied evaporation trough which is annularly surrounded by a second annular condensate collecting trough, and evaporation trough and condensate collecting trough together have a dome-shaped cover, and that at least the condensate collecting trough via a heat-coupled pipe or evaporator system with durchlaufendem Seawater is coolable before the same seawater slowly and steadily enters the evaporation tank. This device is just as simple as the cultural institution itself. An interaction of said novel cultural institution with the seawater desalination plant is optimal, since this is simple and thus operable with low interference.

It is therefore advantageous that the condensation water production plant can be structurally integrated into the cultural facility.

In a further advantageous embodiment, it is stated that the desalination or demineralization plant is structurally divided into two components evaporator and condenser, and that in the case of seawater desalination first the cold seawater passes through condensation body in the condenser, and then piping is passed into the evaporator. Thus, a temperature gradient between, for example, solar thermal heating and the temperature level of the introduced cold sea water is used, with which then a very low-energy condensation desalination of the seawater can be made. The resulting condensate is then in the result again the perfect, and even produced with double benefits zero water.

Importantly, this method is so devoid of alien energy that it fits perfectly in the context of CO ₂ -neutral energy conversion.

Furthermore, it is advantageously designed so that the evaporator consists of a closed or partially closed container in which the water to be evaporated on a plurality of stacked trays in height is distributable, and that saturated with water vapor from the evaporator via a connecting pipe then in the interior of the capacitor is conductive.

In a further advantageous embodiment, it is stated that the surfaces of the condensation bodies or condensation surfaces are nanostructured, or are coated nanostructured. This, in turn, is just as important, because it gives an optimal drainage of condensed water, without this partially evaporating again.

For this purpose, it is equally advantageous if all the surfaces of tubs, pipe inner surfaces etc have the direct contact with the sea water or the mineral-rich water, are also nanostructured or nanocoated. Thus, the deposition of salt and minerals of the concentrated residual brine is significantly reduced.

It is important in principle that the seawater does not have to be completely evaporated, but only concentrated. Important here is the sufficient generation of Condensation as zero water for aquatic cultivation areas.

Likewise, the evaporated liquid can also be condensed in the optionally made drying of the biomass ebenson and used as zero water.

The invention is illustrated in one embodiment and described in more detail below.

It shows:

1 : Overview of water and fertilizer control

2 : Overview of the process with seawater desalination

3 : combined evaporator / condenser

4 : separated arrangement of evaporator and condenser

1 shows the overview of the zero water production to defined mixing with fertilizers for the production of culture water 5 for the aquatic biomass production reactor 1 , The zero water in this case means a desalinated demineralized and also microbiologically inanimate water, which serves as a normalized zero or initial position with regard to the concentrations defined later added specific addition substances to the culture water. The fact that such water, for example condensed water is taken as zero water to the base, has the effect that starting from all ingredients are initially set to zero, and by measurable addition of ingredients a fully reproducible defined culture water can be generated, which the aquatic plants then is added. In this systematic manner according to the invention, the content spectrum of the aquatic plants thus increased on such culture water can be predeterminedly controlled. Ie. For example, it is possible to modify or influence the protein content, the starch content, the fat content, etc., by means of defined addition substances to the culture water. Thus, the addition substances based on the zero water according to the invention, the final product, or the biomass can be designed reproducible to the respective desired purpose. Thus, reproducibly the same biomass qualities can be produced in different facilities at different locations. To realize this, first of all condensate is collected in a condensate collector 7 saved. This is optionally fed in addition from the condensate collection process from the cultural institution (aquatic biomass reactor), or fed additionally. The condensate collector 7 But it can also be from another source, for example from a seawater or mine desalination plant 30 be fed, or be fed additionally. Also, condensation water from the drying of the aquatic biomass can be used after harvesting. The condensate is now the zero water, which then the mixer 8th is supplied. The mixer 8th again it is fed by different reservoirs. A first reservoir is the reservoir 21 for the basic substances phosphorus, nitrogen, potassium. The second reservoir 22 continues to control minerals and trace elements, and the third reservoir controls bacterial strains. These may include ferro-bacteria, yeast bacteria and others.

The mentioned reservoirs 21 . 22 and 23 are automatically controlled by the controller 20 controlled via dosing from the reservoirs mentioned mix exactly the predetermined amounts in the culture water and thus produce a desired, precisely composed culture water. The finished culture water 5 is then the individual, stacked trays of the cultural institution 1 fed. In addition, the culture water is monitored with sensors that measure temperature, conductivity, pH, etc and as monitoring sensor values into the controller 20 be fed. Thus, a closed loop can be created and the water composition, and possibly even the need for replacement or flooding of the culture water above taken into account. As can be seen, the cultural institution still has a CO ₂ - or exhaust gas inlet. But the CO2 can also already into the culture water 5 be introduced under pressure to form carbonic acid, and thus then even with carbonic acid loaded the culture device to increase the biomass growth rates are supplied.

2 shows in detail two additional embodiments. For one thing is the main cultural institution 1 with a secondary reactor 10 connected. The postreactor 10 is different from the main reactor 1 in that it has a significantly lower stack density, in order to provide more light in the short term for the substantive ripening of aquatic plants. Ie. First, subsets of the amount of aquatic plants are regularly removed from the main reactor 1 harvested, and in the secondary reactor 10 shifted to the substance maturation. This is done by rinsing or flushing the duckweed from the culture surfaces in the main reactor 1 on the culture surfaces of the postreactor 10 , For the purpose of said maturation, the culture water is additionally conditioned there in the manner described.

Another example of the inclusion of a condensation type seawater desalination plant is below in FIG 2 to see. There is in a round if necessary round sea water evaporation basin 31 Initially introduced indirect seawater. Indirect means that this cold seawater is first passed through pipes, which are the surfaces of one edge around the evaporation basin 31 around the condensation collecting trough 32 cools, ie at least this area cools. Above the entire arrangement including evaporation basin 31 and condensation water catchment 32 is an upwardly curved, for example dome-shaped cover 33 provided, which may be at least partially cooled. Overall, the evaporation basin but by sunlight or heat exchanger feed the process waste heat from biogas, bioethanol or composting including seawater and slowly evaporate and condense on the cover and at the same down into the condensation water collection channel 32 expire.

From the condensation water catchment 32 is then continuously or dependent on the water level, the resulting condensation 41 via a condensate drain 43 deducted and fed to the condensate collector as zero water.

The possibly concentrating sea water is also sensory, at least in the value of its salinity by means of sensors 42 controlled. The concentrated salt water can then either be fed back into the sea or at least part of the mixer 8th are then fed to set a definite lower salinity, which is quite beneficial for Lemnacea.

This form of very simple seawater desalination plants can be installed on land near the sea, or else placed as a floating device near the sea.

3 shows only the detail of the used combined evaporator / condenser. For example, cold seawater is first introduced so that it is through, for example, cavities of condensation bodies 45 flows, which protrude into the evaporation chamber. After the seawater has been passed through the condensation body or through appropriate lines, where it has cooled the condensation body, it then flows into the evaporation basin 31 , Under the influence of solar radiation, or by, for example, the supply of process heat, for example by heat exchangers, the seawater is now evaporated, and settles again on the cooled condensation surfaces, and then drips into the condensate collection 32 , In this way, mine waters can serve as a raw material for the production of zero water from condensed water.

4 shows a separated arrangement of evaporator 35 (Evaporator) and condenser 36 , Here is the evaporator / evaporator 35 also with a rack arrangement of individual, stacked evaporation trays 31 Mistake. Here also constantly moistened cloths can be used instead of constantly filled pans. The evaporated water together with air is then through a pipe in the condenser room 36 directed. There are, for example, cold seawater cooled condensation body 45 arranged, of which the condensed water then runs down, and then withdrawn and the zero water or condensate collector is fed to the further use described above.

The cooling of the capacitor body 45 takes place by continuous passage of, for example, cold seawater. After passing through the seawater through the capacitors, the seawater is now forwarded and subsequently into the evaporation pans 31 directed by the evaporator. There, either solar radiation and / or initiated process waste heat ensures the evaporation.

The entire process is thus fed directly and without detour from regenerative forms of energy. The concentrated if not completely evaporated seawater is then returned to the sea.

The same concept can also be used at the water source mine water instead of sea water, or even with light wastewater.

In order to optimize the drainage of condensate from the condenser body surfaces, these can be nanostructured.

Also for the prevention of deposits or salinization, the salt water pipes and wells inside can also have nanostructured surfaces. So that always a small amount of flushing water is sufficient to carry away the deposit again.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

Cultural facility / biomass production reactor

2

Stacked water filled culture pans

3

CO ₂ - or process exhaust gas introduction

4

sensors

5

Culture water discharge

6

Condensate drain on biomass production reactor

7

condensation collector

8th

mixer

10

Post-reactor (post-reactor culture facility)

11

biomass deduction

20

control

21

N-P-K reservoir

22

Mineral and trace element reservoir

23

Bacterial strain reservoir

30

Condensation water boiler / desalination facility

31

Sea water evaporation basin

32

Condensation water collection

33

Outer skin, possibly partially cooled by cold incoming seawater

35

Evaporator or evaporator

36

capacitor

40

seawater

41

condensation

42

desalination sensor

43

condensation deduction

44

Seawater discharge (cold)

45

Condensation surfaces / member

46

Raised seawater

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• WO 2010/043323 [0004]

Cited non-patent literature

• http://www.animal-health-online.de/phy/ehsphytolan.html [0002]

Claims (14)

A process for the production of optimized biomass from higher aquatic plants, which are propagated in and harvested from water cultures, characterized in that first a demineralized water is provided as so-called ZERO WATER, which then enriched with defined predetermined amounts of minerals and / or trace elements, and then only as culture water is provided, in which the aquatic plants are used for propagation. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that at least a part of the minerals and / or trace elements and / or metals or metal ions are added as water-soluble prepared chelates, and / or bacteria. Method according to claim 2, characterized in that; that are used as aquatic plants Lemnacea. A method according to claim 2, characterized in that are used as aquatic plants Eichhornia crassipes. Method according to claim 3, characterized, that in particular the new varieties CPVO 2009/0984 Lemnacea minor HENRY BLANKE and / or CPVO 2010/0853 Lemnacea minor HENRY Allegro and / or CPVO 2010/0854 Lemnacea minor HENRY Vitesse and / or CPVO 2010/0857 Lemnacea minor HENRY Legato and / or CPVO 2010/0855 Lemnacea minor HENRY DaCapo and / or CPVO 2010/0856 Lemnacea minor HENRY Forte and / or CPVO 2010/0858 Lemnacea minor HENRY Maria and / or CPVO 2010/0859 Lemnacea minor HENRY Josef and / or CPVO 2010/0936 Spirodela HENRY Big Mama be used. A method according to claim 4, characterized in that in particular the new variety CPVO 2009/0985 Eichhornia crassipes Johann Schoofs Sen is used. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized, that the aquatic cultivation areas are created in a closed but translucent reactor in floors, and that the zero water - From internal reactor condensation, and / or - From outside supplied rainwater, and / or - Is formed from condensate by externally supplied, and evaporated within the reactor process water, or wastewater or seawater, which is condensed within or near the reactor. Culture device for producing optimized biomass from higher aquatic plants, which are propagated in hydroponics and harvested from the same, characterized in that starting from generated or collected condensed water, a so-called zero water is provided, which then defined and reproducible control of the addition of minerals and or metal ions and / or trace elements to zero water in a mixer which controls the feeding of said substances at least via a metering device controlled by conductivity and / or PH value measurement. Device according to claim 8, characterized in that as a zero water source, the culture device is connected to a seawater desalination plant or a mine water or geothermal water demineralization plant of the condensation type. Device according to claim 9, characterized in that the seawater desalination plant, or demineralization plant consists of a centrally applied evaporation trough, which is annularly surrounded by a second annular condensate collecting trough, and evaporation trough and condensate collecting trough together have a dome-shaped cover, and that at least the condensate collecting trough via a heat-coupled pipe - Or evaporator system with running cold water or cold sea water is coolable before the same seawater slowly and steadily enters the evaporation tray. Device according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that the condensation water production system is structurally integrated into the culture device. Device according to claim 9, 10 or 11, characterized in that the desalination or demineralization plant is structurally divided into two components evaporator and condenser, and that in the case of seawater desalination first the cold sea water by condensation body in the Condenser passes, and then piping is passed into the evaporator. Device according to claim 12, characterized in that the evaporator consists of a closed or partially closed container in which the water to be evaporated on a plurality of stacked trays in height is distributable, and that saturated with water vapor from the evaporator via a Connecting pipe then in the interior of the capacitor is conductive. Device according to claim 13, characterized in that the surfaces of the condensation body or condensation surfaces are nanostructured, or are nanostructured coated.

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