DE102011011018B3 - Pendulum drop system for impacting testing object, particularly motor vehicle component with testing load, comprises guide structure, which is arranged for guiding falling object during drop along guide structure - Google Patents

Abstract

The pendulum drop system (60) comprises a guide structure (1), which is arranged for guiding a falling object (8) during a drop along the guide structure. The falling object and the guide structure are adapted to each other for sliding or rolling movement of the falling object. A bearing (2) is provided, on which the guide structure is suspended in oscillating manner. An independent claim is also included for a method for impacting a testing object with a testing load.

Description

The invention relates to a pendulum fall system. The invention further relates to a method for loading a test specimen with a test load. Moreover, the invention relates to a use.

There are facilities for testing the strength of components under impact load known. These components include safety-related parts such as steering columns, backrests, neckrests, which must withstand major loads in rear-end collisions.

Fall systems, drop units or drop hammers are used for drop heights of about 1 m to 10 m, although there are also exceptions with larger or smaller drop heights. A drop height of 10 m, for example, corresponds to a final speed of about 14 m / s or 50 km / h, which is common for car crashes. Some experiments start with a drop of only a few centimeters. In addition, a distinction is made between fall systems in which only a product with variable dimensions, such as car wheels, are tested and those that are used for a wide range of different types of test items, for example, the shock absorber on suspension, steering, complete bodies to aircraft landing gear, etc. Here, the test specimen on a stiff or soft ground, a force plate, a rotating drum, etc. fall or the test specimen is in a stationary position and is subjected to a falling mass. The latter test systems should therefore have a variable structure and numerous additional devices.

So far, such experiments have been performed with clamped or forcibly guided specimens and / or positively driven case bears. This often leads to not practical results, since during the loading process or the deformation, the kinematics of the specimen runs differently than is the case in reality.

DE 6934387 U discloses, as such a system, a test device for dynamic testing in a drop test, wherein a sprung ropes slidable, set in the desired height or releasable case either impactor for impacting a clamped in an impact block component or a component to be tested together with the required for testing For purposes of impacting, apply mass to an impact member mounted on an impact bolster.

US 6,871,525 B2 discloses a device for testing football helmets. A football helmet to be tested is hinged. A pendulum arm with an impact weight pivots so in the direction of football helmet that impact weight hits the football helmet.

US 5,457,984 A discloses a vertical drop test device. On the device, a body to be tested is arranged. An impact weight falls vertically on the body to be tested. The device has a non-return mechanism which prevents spring-back after impact.

DE 101 59 829 A1 discloses a vertical drop tower having a carriage, an acceleration means for the carriage and a coupling means for coupling and decoupling the carriage to the accelerator. The carriage is coupled to the acceleration device in an upper region of the acceleration path of the drop tower. In the lower part of the acceleration section, the carriage falls free.

DE 42 03 709 A1 discloses a device for the dynamic testing of shock-loaded seat belt buckles. A buckle is placed by means of a screw directly or indirectly on a monkey. The monkey is guided with two parallel ropes.

DE 101 09 375 A1 discloses a shuttle for simulating an impact of a dummy head. A pendulum is pivotally mounted with a bearing on a ceiling structure. A support arm is used to hold the dummy with the dummy head and the dummy neck. The pendulum arm with the dummy is deflected and thrown against a head airbag to simulate the impact of the dumbbell on the head airbag.

However, these conventional, largely positively-driven test architectures in many cases do not permit testing of a test specimen under conditions close to the operating conditions.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a test architecture that enables testing of a specimen under operating conditions.

This object is achieved by a Pendelfelfanlage, by a method for applying a test specimen with a sample load and by a use with the features according to the independent claims.

According to one embodiment of the present invention, a pendulum fall system is provided for loading a test specimen with a test load. The pendulum fall system has a guide structure which is used to guide a Fall body is set up during a fall along the guide structure. The pendulum fall system further comprises the drop body, which is adapted to be mounted on the guide structure and to be guided to the loading of the sample with the sample load along the guide structure. The guide structure is pendulum-suspended on a bearing of the pendulum fall system in such a way (in particular freely, ie in at least one pendulum direction without forced guidance) that after the test piece has been loaded with the test load, a pendulum compensation movement of the guide structure with the drop body is made possible.

According to another embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a method of loading a sample with a sample load. In the method, a guide structure is suspended pendulum on a bearing. Further, a drop body is mounted on the guide structure. Falling of the falling body along the guide structure is triggered so that the falling body falls along the guide structure. As a result, the test piece is loaded with the sample load. After loading the test specimen with the sample load, a pendulum compensation movement of the guide structure with the falling body can take place.

According to yet another exemplary embodiment of the invention, a Pendelfallanlage is used with the features described above for applying a motor vehicle component as a specimen with a sample load.

In the context of this application, a "pendulum fall system" can be understood in particular to be a test arrangement for testing a test specimen in which a specimen is subjected directly or indirectly to a test load by dropping a falling body (also called a fall bear) under the action of a gravitational force and / or a generated force in which a guide structure and with it the component acting directly on the test body for load application can perform a pendulum-type compensating movement after the load-applied interaction with the test body has taken place.

In the context of this application, a "specimen" can be understood in particular to be any component or component-near specimen or any other specimen which is to be tested under realistic conditions to the extent that it reacts to a defined impact load.

In the context of this application, a "test load" can be understood to mean, in particular, the exertion of any moment or mechanical load which can be well defined quantitatively and with regard to its direction of action by the pendulum fall system according to the invention reproducibly specifying the parameters relevant for the load.

Under a "pendulum" suspension can be understood in the context of this application, in particular, that the bearing holds the guide structure so free that when deflection of the guide structure as a physical pendulum from the rest position - initiated by the load application of the specimen - the pendulum under the influence of gravitational force performs a damped oscillation in which alternation between potential and kinetic energy takes place.

In the context of this application, a "bearing" may in particular be understood to mean any suspension of the guide structure which specifies a (mostly upper) fixed point of the guide structure, but which simultaneously enables the pendulum capability of the guide structure (for example, if the bearing is designed as a joint) or at least not prevented (for example, when the guide structure is designed as a rope that is pendulum even with rigid storage at one point due to its flexibility). Thus, joints in ropes are not required and can be dispensable even with sufficiently long guide rods. If, for example, a certain amount is exceeded in terms of length and rigidity, then the rods can be moved elastically at the bottom with little resistance and in certain areas, as if a spherical bearing were used at the top. If a uniaxial bearing is used at the top, then the movement of the rods in the other direction is not excluded in every case, but only where the guide rods are not very long and stiff enough. If long thin guide rods are rigidly fastened at the upper end, they can be moved downwards within limits as if a spherical joint is attached at the top, ie. H. even a uniaxial joint can not prevent the spherical deflections of the rods. The term "articulated suspension" should therefore be understood broadly. Suspension points can therefore be uniaxial, multiaxial, spherical joints, as well as consist of flexible elastic or other movable connections. The mobility can be selectively blocked in one embodiment, which in addition also conventional experiments can be performed, which further extends the scope. Cardan joints also allow for spherical movements. If only one direction of pivoting of the guide structure is permissible and this is not stiff enough when using a single-axis joint, it is possible to guide the guide structure at the lower end in one direction again.

According to one embodiment, a pendulum fall system is thus provided for the impact load of car and other components, in which the Fallbär is guided on one or more vertical but pendulous guide structures such as guide rods, wherein one or more guide structures freely oscillating at its upper end a uniaxial, multi-axis or spherical bearings are suspended, for example. In a universal joint, the guide rod can also be moved in all horizontal directions as in a spherical bearing.

The case installation according to the invention makes it possible, by means of a vertical, pendulum-suspended guide structure, for the fall bear to be able to follow the movements of the test object in a horizontal plane freely during the impact process without causing constraining forces. By a sufficiently small cross section of the guide rod also very low drop weights can be realized.

With the invention it is possible to carry out realistic impact loads on various test specimens by the impacting mass follows the movements in the deformation of the test parts, without generating appreciable friction losses. The required acceleration force for the lateral deflection of the impacting mass in the horizontal plane also corresponds to the real conditions. Due to the mobility of the guide rods in at least one, preferably all, directions, the coupling to the test object can also be carried out very easily.

In conventional concepts with rigid guide rails and a falling weight, it is only possible to escape in the vertical direction, so that a portion of the moment with which the test object is to be acted acts on a base. Exemplary embodiments of the invention are based on a paradigm change over such conventional approaches, in that a drop body together with a guide structure makes it possible to perform a pendulum movement after it has directly or indirectly exerted a force on the test body when the falling body falls. This makes it possible that artifacts are suppressed during power transmission and thus a realistic test of specimens is possible. This is particularly advantageous in the case of specimens from the field of automotive components, since here the impact kinematics must be reproduced precisely, for example, in a traffic accident in order to be able to obtain a practical test result by means of the test arrangement. Thus, the traffic safety can be improved when using the Pendelfallanlage invention for testing vehicle components. Furthermore, in the constructions according to the invention, weights of components of the device for the introduction of force on the test specimen and on the drop weight can be kept small.

In addition, embodiments of the pendulum fall system will be described. These also apply to the procedure and use.

According to one embodiment, the guide structure may be a straight-line hollow structure. For example, the guide structure may be a rigid hollow tube, the interior of which may then slidably receive guided components and / or slide other guided components about the exterior thereof.

According to one embodiment, the guide structure may comprise a plurality of mutually parallel rectilinear guide elements (in particular guide rods or longitudinal guide elements of any desired cross section), which are connected to one another by means of at least one transverse yoke. According to this exemplary embodiment with a plurality of guide elements, an overall rigid structure can be provided, in particular in their coupling by means of at least one transverse yoke, which has a high rigidity and thus good suitability for precise guidance of other components. In such, for example, formed as a solid body guide elements, it is then not necessary that guided components must have internal cavities, since such guided components can be guided between the guide elements. As a result, for example, a component impacting on the test specimen can be designed with a high mass and at the same time a small size.

According to one embodiment, the guide structure may comprise a plurality of guide part structures, which are articulated to each other by means of at least one further bearing. For example, a plurality of pieces of pipe can be attached to each other, wherein adjacent pieces of pipe can be articulated relative to each other. As a result, even complex pendulum movements can be permitted and, with precise guidance, a further improved compensation movement characteristic can be made possible. The articulated coupling points can be designed so that they can deflect only when the falling body hits the bottom.

According to one embodiment, the guide structure may comprise at least one guide rod, at least one guide rail and / or at least one guide cable. Thus, the guide structure as a rigid component (designed as a rod or rail) can be performed, which can be loaded under both pressure and tension. In an alternative embodiment as a guide rope its ability to guide is based on the fact that the rope is stretched in the gravitational field and thus flexibility can guide the fall body. At the same time, the flexibility of such a cable ensures that there are even more degrees of freedom in the pendulum-type compensatory movement, which can be beneficial to a realistic test test.

According to one embodiment, the guide structure may be arranged to run in a load-free state parallel to the acceleration due to gravity. In other words, the guide structure can be aligned along a vertical direction so that the full gravitational force acts on the drop body, thus permitting high forces to be exerted on a test specimen even with small acceleration lengths. This also allows a compact design of the pendulum impact system, since not only a component of the weight, but the full weight acts on the case body. At the same time, the vertical bearing in the force-free state causes the pendulum during the drop test is clearly located in its rest position and allows low-friction running of the case. Normally, the guide rods are perpendicular before the test and only deflect when the DUT moves in a horizontal plane when loaded. Should it be necessary for the drop weight to hit from another direction, the angular position of the test piece can be adjusted in steps or continuously.

According to one embodiment, the bearing may comprise a uniaxial joint (for example a hinge), a multi-axis joint or a spherical joint. In a uniaxial joint, a pendulum movement is possible only in one spatial plane, wherein in a direction orthogonal to a movement is prevented. This allows a very defined pendulum compensation movement. A two-dimensional joint can allow movement in two mutually angled, in particular mutually orthogonal, directions, which further increases the degrees of freedom in the compensation movement. Under a gimbal or cross member can be understood a joint which connects two non-aligned waves with each other. In a spherical joint, which may be formed for example as a ball joint, a particularly high degree of freedom is allowed, with which the pendulum compensation movement can be performed.

According to one embodiment, the falling body and the guide structure may be adapted to each other such that the falling body along the guide structure can run slippery or rollable. In the pendulum fall system, the guide structure can accommodate slidable or rolling parts such as a triggering device, a fall bear and a coupling body. In these embodiments, a particularly low-friction movement of the falling body along the guide structure is made possible.

According to one exemplary embodiment, the falling body may have a falling body guidance structure in the interior of which the guide structure is movably mounted. For example, an axial passage opening of the falling body along a cylindrical profile of the guide structure can be moved, whereby a strictly guided movement is ensured.

According to one embodiment, the pendulum fall system may comprise a weight module or a plurality of weight modules, wherein the drop body is adapted to be equipped with a selective number of weight modules. With the pendulum fall system, the fall bear can thus be equipped with variable weights. By providing a plurality of weight modules, for example plates with central bores, which can be combined with one another in any desired manner, the test load to be applied to a test specimen can be set precisely. The provision of combinable weight modules creates a modular system that can be flexibly adjusted by a user to the needs of the individual case.

According to one embodiment, the pendulum fall system may comprise a lifting device which may be attached to the bearing and arranged to adjust a vertical height of the guide structure or of the bearing. In the pendulum fall system, the guide rods can be adjusted vertically by means of the lifting device. As a result, the height of the falling body, from which the folding experiment is performed, can be adjusted, whereby the impact speed can be precisely adjusted. Such a lifting device can be realized for example hydraulically, pneumatically or by using an electric motor.

In the pendulum fall system, the guide structure together with the lifting device can be adjusted horizontally by means of a displacement device. Apart from the vertical adjustment of the case body, a lateral (ie orthogonal to the weight force) adjustment of the geometric conditions is thus also possible, for which purpose a lateral movement of the lifting device can take place. Alternatively, a recording of the specimen can be moved laterally.

According to one embodiment, the pendulum fall system may comprise a triggering device attached to the guide structure, which can be actuated by releasing a locking state of the Falling body on the triggering device trigger a fall of the falling body along the guide structure. In other words, the guide structure and the case body can be selectively brought into a locked state with each other or can be transferred to a mutually unlocked state. Such locking may, for example, be magnetic, for example by activating and subsequently deactivating an attractive force between an electromagnet and a permanent magnet, or mechanically, for example by means of a movable locking bolt. For example, only one electromagnet is used, which holds an upper steel plate of the fall bear and after switching off the current releases it. To specify the later fall height, the triggering device and the falling body can first be locked together and moved by a drive unit of the triggering device to a desired starting height. If the lock is then released in a targeted manner, the falling body falls in the direction of the specimen under the influence of the gravitational force.

According to one embodiment, the pendulum fall system may comprise a traversing device, wherein the triggering device by means of the traversing device along the guide structure in particular is vertically movable in order to approach the case body and lock. The triggering device is moved by means of the traversing device together with the falling body to convey the falling body before triggering to a predetermined release position. Thus, the triggering device can also define the starting height from which falling of the falling body begins.

According to one exemplary embodiment, the falling body can have a fastening device, in particular a clamping device, by means of which the falling body can be fastened, in particular clamped, to the guide structure, after the falling body has been sprung back after falling against the direction of fall. For example, if the falling body bounces off the specimen or a coupling body disposed between the case and the specimen and thus makes a movement against gravity, this movement can be stopped at a highest point by jamming the retreating body with the body Clamping device takes place. As a result, it can be avoided that the falling body again falls downwards, whereby an undefined loading of the test piece with another load stress could occur. Thus, by providing a clamping device, the reproducibility of the experiments performed can be further increased.

According to one embodiment, the case body in the mounted on the guide structure state on its underside have an impact structure, which may be rounded, for example, downwards. In the Pendelfelfanlage the Fallbär may have on a top a Einklinkplatte for latching in the triggering device and on a bottom an impact structure. Such an impact structure may be configured such that it either transmits the load load to be generated directly to the specimen in a defined manner or indirectly transmits it to the specimen by means of a coupling body.

According to one embodiment, the pendulum fall system may comprise a coupling body which is mountable on the guide structure below the falling body (ie that the falling body between the pendulum bearing and the coupling body is mounted) and in case of falling of the falling body by means of impact structure impinging on the coupling body to the test load transfers the specimen. In this embodiment, the coupling body is provided between the falling body and the specimen, which then represents the actual component that acts directly on the specimen. In this way, the coupling body can be specifically adapted to the properties of the specimen to simulate a realistic impact load. The case body can then be used independently of a test specimen to be tested for a variety of specimens. For example, if the specimen is a steering wheel column with an airbag, in real life the coupling body would be a driver who impacts the steering column in the event of an accident. Thus, in this case, the coupling body can be adapted to the anatomy of a human driver to simulate such an accident close to reality. According to one embodiment, the coupling body itself can also form a weight or a preload. Such a weight of the coupling body can be adjustable.

According to one embodiment, the coupling body may have an attenuator which dampens an impact of the impact structure on the coupling body or doses a pulse required for the test object in its course (force over time). Such an attenuator may be, for example, a shock absorber (for example with a mechanical spring) or a hydraulic damping component, which can set a time characteristic of the load transfer. The rigidity of the impact body can be taken into account by means of a built-in shock absorber, the damping capacity of which can optionally be adjustable. Attenuators, for example buffers and dampers between the test object and impact elements, serve to achieve a predetermined, usually experimentally determined load curve. Hard damping is the Pulse short with high peak force, with soft damping results in a lower force with a larger load duration. In order to cover a wide field, hydraulic dampers can be used, the stiffness of which is steplessly adjustable in larger areas.

According to one exemplary embodiment, the coupling body can have a measuring device for measuring a measurement variable indicative of the test load when the sample load is transmitted from the coupling body to the test body. If a coupling body is missing, then the measuring device can also be integrated in the case body or in the test body. For example, the coupling body may have a load cell. With such a load cell different parameters of the impact kinematics can be recorded, in particular the size of a force component or other load characteristics. A temporal characteristic of the impact kinematics can also be recorded by means of such a load cell. Other types of load measuring devices are also possible, so that any moments can be measured. For example, with a single load cell or force sensor, only forces in its axial direction can be measured. If required, force sensors are also used which, depending on the application, measure the forces in all three spatial directions. There are also force sensors that measure forces and moments in and around all three spatial axes. The occurring moments can be easily calculated in the present example, but can also be measured in addition. Furthermore, the test specimen can be mounted on a force plate, which measures forces and moments.

In particular, in the Pendelfallanlage the coupling body on a top side a shock absorber and on a bottom side have a load cell with a connection element.

According to one exemplary embodiment, the coupling body can have a coupling body guidance structure which is movably mounted in the guide structure (prestressed by a frictional force between the contacting walls, as the case may be), so that when the impact structure impacts the coupling body, the coupling body guidance structure is moved relative to the hollow structure , In particular, can sit in the pendulum fall system in the lower end of the guide rod, a displaceable hollow shaft on which the coupling body can move in addition. By providing such a coupling body guiding structure, the movement of the coupling body after activation by the accelerated falling body is possible in a defined manner, so that the reproducibility of the obtained measuring results is high. The movement of the coupling body can thus be performed precisely.

According to one embodiment, the coupling body may be guided in at least one of the at least one transverse yoke. The case installation can be operated on the same principle as described above, but with a different arrangement of the guide rods. Shock absorbers can be made without center hole. By coupling different guide elements through one or more transverse yokes, a mechanically clean guidance is made possible. The coupling body can be designed as a solid body and thus exert a high impact load on the specimen even in small dimensions.

According to one embodiment, the coupling body may have a connection element which is configured to attach the test body thereto, in particular articulated. In other words, the coupling body may be mounted on the test specimen prior to exerting the load, wherein a joint may allow an evasive movement. According to another embodiment, such a connection element may be omitted, so that the coupling body and specimen then collide.

According to one embodiment, the coupling body may have an end stop mechanism, which has a threaded nut on a probekörperseitigen end of the guide structure and an impact ring in a bearing sleeve of the coupling body and an attachable to a probekörperseitigen end of the coupling body adapter for acting on the specimen with the sample loading. In the Pendelfallanlage the coupling body can be removed with a hollow shaft and replaced by another coupling body with end stop, and the guide rod are provided below with a stop.

According to one embodiment, the pendulum fall system may have a test body mounting base, which is anchored to a ground torque-resistant or slidably anchored and is adapted to mount the specimen. Such a sample mounting base can be fixed in place in a laboratory system so that it carries the sample without dodging itself under load. But it is also possible to provide the specimen mounting base so that it is not permanently stationary, but is arbitrarily movable in the horizontal direction or is changeable in terms of its angular position to be fixed defined before the beginning of the fall test. Corresponding base plates or clamping plates can have longitudinal and possibly transverse grooves, so-called T-slots, in which a part can be moved and screwed. The clamping plates Depending on the local conditions, they can be anchored directly to the floor of the laboratory or, with the appropriate weight and size, anchored at the bottom without an anchor mat or placed on vibration dampers. These can be designed so that they do not affect the result. The angular position of the specimen (if required) is adjusted about a rotation axis and a positive locking on a hole pattern. The adjustment of the angular position can also be made continuously by frictional engagement, for example by clamping.

According to one embodiment, the bearing can be suspended rigidly or without hinges. This means that when exerting a load on the guide structure, the bearing or joint is protected from being moved during a pendulum motion with the guide structure. As a result, the bearing can remain stationary during the stress experiment.

According to an exemplary embodiment, when the falling body falls along the guide structure, the falling body for directly loading the test specimen with the test load, that is to say the test piece, can be used. H. contact, impact the specimen. According to such an embodiment, a coupling body is dispensable. Thus, in such a configuration, the falling body can collide directly with the specimen, thus providing a compact arrangement. In another configuration, the falling body can collide directly with the coupling body, which then in turn either connected to the test specimen transfers the test load to the specimen or is provided separately from the specimen and collides with the specimen.

In the above embodiments, the specimen remains stationary, whereas a component colliding therewith (coupling body or case) is moved. Thus, for loading the test specimen with the sample load, the falling body can be moved relative to a stationary specimen. Then, for example, the specimen is firmly clamped, whereas the falling body is moved and acts indirectly via a coupling body or directly on the specimen.

According to another alternative, for loading the test specimen with the test load, the falling body can be moved together with the test specimen relative to a stationary collision partner. Then, the specimen can be attached to the case body and dropped to then collide with a tightly clamped collision body (for example, a coupling body). It is also possible that the specimen is the case body.

For some test specimens, it may be undesirable for something to be coupled or preloads to be present, even if they are small. For such cases, the impact element of the fall bear can fall into a ball socket or other pivotally or rigidly mounted on the specimen recording, so that in a lateral deflection of the specimen, the guide structure is carried.

Hereinafter, exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the following figures.

1 shows a pendulum fall system according to a first exemplary embodiment of the invention in front view.

2 shows a side view of an upper part of the case according to 1 ,

3 shows the lower part of the case installation according to 1 in enlarged view.

4 shows an alternative embodiment of the lower part of the case according to 1 , which can be optionally equipped with an end stop.

5 shows a case installation according to a second exemplary embodiment of the invention in front view.

6 shows a side view of the lifting and falling mechanism of the case according to 5 ,

7 to 13 illustrate further aspects of pendulum fall systems according to exemplary embodiments of the invention.

The illustration in the figures is schematic and not to scale. The same or similar components in different figures are provided with the same reference numerals.

In the following, reference is made to 1 . 2 and 3 a pendulum fall facility 60 for testing car components according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention. 1 shows an overall view of the pendulum fall system 60 . 2 a partial view of an upper part of the pendulum fall system 60 along a direction X according to FIG 1 , and 3 shows a detailed view of a lower part of the pendulum fall system 60 , The pendulum fall system 60 is for applying a test specimen 28 formed with a defined test load.

The pendulum system 60 has a hollow guide bar 1 which lead to passing a case-body or fall bear 8th during a fall along the guide rod 1 is set up. The guide rod 1 can have various cross-sections and dimensions (pipe, solid material, rope, etc.). Also two or more guide rods 1 are possible, in which case the fall bear 8th located between them. The fall bear 8th is set up, on the guide rod 1 to be mounted and only under the influence of gravitational force (see gravitational vector g in 1 ) along the guide bar 1 led to fall. In accordance with a 1 upper end of the guide bar 1 free swinging on a joint 2 is suspended when falling of the case 8th from one in 1 with reference number 5 marked position off to the in 1 shown operating state of the specimens 28 by means of a coupling body 13 charged artifact-free with the sample load. As will be described in more detail below, the falling body falls 8th along the guide bar 1 vertically down and collides with the coupling body 13 which puts a load on the specimen 28 exercises. By the guide rod 1 at one end to the joint 2 is mounted as a pendulum pivot movable, after the collision, the guide rod 1 perform a substantially free pendulum compensation movement, which on the guide rod 1 mounted fall bear 8th and the coupling body described in more detail below 13 consequences. This pendulum compensation movement is in 1 schematically indicated by a double arrow. That the joint 2 opposite end of the guide rod 1 is thus pendulum. 1 shows that the guide rod 1 in a load-free state parallel to the acceleration due to gravity g.

The fall bear 8th is formed of stackable, slotted weight plates as weight modules 9 with a guide tube 10 , a latch plate 11 , an impact plate 12 and a clamping device 20 who the fall bear 8th holds on top after the first springback.

The guide rod 1 is thus at the joint 2 hung, in turn, on a lifting device 3 is attached, with which the different height dimensions of the specimen or specimen 28 can be compensated without having to change its position. The guide rod 1 is in each case before the load test by means of the lifting device 3 brought to the appropriate height or simply extended at longer distances. The vertical position of the guide bar 1 can change the angular position of the specimen 28 once by moving a specimen holder 27 on a platen 4 or optionally by moving the lifting device 3 including guide rod 1 and pulleys 7 be set (not shown in the drawing).

How best in 3 recognizable, has the case body 8th a case guide structure in the form of an inner passage opening, so that the case body 8th along the guide bar 1 is movably mounted. The coupling body 13 has a coupling body guide structure in the form of a hollow shaft 14 in the guide rod 1 engages and thus is movable along this, so that upon impact of the falling body 8th on the coupling body 13 the hollow shaft 14 telescopic against the hollow guide rod 1 is moved.

Other variations are possible depending on the requirement:
The hollow shaft 14 may for example be free at the bottom, so that the coupling body 13 regardless of the method of the hollow shaft 14 in addition to the measure H 'can move down.

Likewise, the lower end of the hollow shaft 14 with the bearing housing 15 be connected, leaving only the hollow shaft 14 is movable. This requires the coupling body 13 no sliding bushes 16 but is set up for a loading of weights. The coupling body is also used in a corresponding form as a preload, z. B. to simulate the driver's weight on a test seat or a motor weight on vibration dampers, etc.

Furthermore, according to 3 three weight modules 9 on the fall bear 8th mounted to the thickness of the corresponding to the specimen 28 to adjust acting load. It is possible to also have a larger or smaller number of weight modules 9 on the fall bear 8th to assemble, depending on the needs of the case.

The best in 1 to be recognized lifting device 3 that are above the joint 2 the guide rod 1 raise or lower, allows a height adjustment before starting a fall test.

Furthermore, as also based on 1 can be seen on the guide rod 1 a triggering device 5 in the form of an electromagnet attached to the latch plate 11 of the fall bear 8th can interact. In a first operating state, the triggering device 5 with the latch plate 11 be arrested. By applying a corresponding trigger signal to the trigger structure 5 can then be the lock between the trigger structure 5 and the latch plate 11 be solved, bringing a fall of the fall bear 8th can be initiated.

It is possible the triggering device 5 by means of an electric cable 6 to move in the vertical direction. This is best in 2 to recognize. Starting from the in 1 shown state, the triggering device 5 along the guide rod 1 be lowered so far that the triggering device 5 with the latch plate 11 is coupled, for example, magnetically coupled. Then the cable can 6 be operated so that the triggering device 5 complete with attached Einklinkplatte 11 and thus together with the entire fall bear 8th is moved to a desired vertical position. If a corresponding desired height is reached, then the triggering device 5 be driven so that the attractive connection between components 5 and 11 is solved and thus the fall bear 8th falls down under the influence of gravitational force. Although it is preferable that the gravitational force alone is a fall of the fall bear 8th initiated, it is alternatively possible that in addition a drive unit, for example an electric motor, an acceleration of the Fallbärs 8th causes. It is possible to use an energy storage device such as a compression spring, an elastic band (expander), a compressed air reservoir, etc.

At the top of the guide rod 1 is thus the triggering device 5 attached, which may consist of a magnet and / or a mechanical lock. The triggering device 5 is by means of a cable (consists of a cable drum, run off the two ropes, and an electric motor) via pulleys 7 lowered and after latching on the fall bear 8th raised.

The fall bear 8th has, see 3 , Further, a clamping device 20 that allows the fall bear 8th on the guide rod 1 is clamped (especially after the rebound at the upper reversal point, where the speed is zero). The clamping device 20 is in the fall bear 8th integrated.

The fall bear 8th has, see 3 , on its underside the downwardly tapering impact plate 12 , The impact plate 12 however, it can also be shaped differently. The coupling body 13 is at the guide rod 1 below the fall bear 8th mounted and is in case of the fall bear 8th by means of the coupling body 13 then bouncing impact plate 12 in the direction of the specimen 28 with a force applied. The coupling body 13 has on its upper side, the fall bear 8th facing and the specimen 28 turned away, a shock absorber 17 , the impact of the impact plate 12 on the coupling body 13 attenuates. Due to the changeable hardness of the shock absorber 17 The impact pulse can be varied according to the requirements in terms of its height and duration. Furthermore, in the coupling body 13 a load cell 18 integrated, which in an interaction between the coupling body 13 and the specimen 28 measures the acting forces, which are recorded. Alternative to the load cell 18 Any other type of sensor can be used. It can be used in addition to the force sensor / load cell 18 Acceleration and displacement sensors are still to be installed nearby.

The matched to the specimen coupling body 13 can according to the respective requirements of the test specimens 28 be designed. In the case of the steering column test shown, the coupling body exists 13 out of the in the guide rod 1 in reaching, stored there and slidable in the longitudinal direction short hollow shaft 14 , an associated bearing housing 15 with two ball or sliding bushes 16 and the overhead shock absorber 17 (For example, with a hydraulic, pneumatic or mechanical damping mechanism). At the bottom of the guide tube is the load cell 18 provided and a connection element 19 on the test piece 28 appropriate. For example, the specimen 28 with the connection element 19 be coupled articulated. Alternatively, the coupling body 13 completely separate from the specimens 28 be provided. The test piece 28 can be pivoted or rigidly fixed to the specimen holder 27 be included.

If required, specimens can also without the coupling body 13 be tested by the impact plate 12 to a corresponding - the examinee 28 attached - counterpart hits.

Furthermore, the pendulum fall system 60 the clamping plate 4 as a specimen mounting base, which is horizontally displaceable on a substrate and can be anchored to the ground. In other words, in a first operating state, the platen 4 be firmly attached to the ground so that throughout the experiment the platen 4 remains stationary in a laboratory system. In a second operating state, the platen 4 be temporarily detached from the ground, and be moved horizontally to a desired location. This is an adaptation of the pendulum fall system 60 possible to a certain experimental geometry. As a rule, the clamping plate 4 rigidly bolted to the ground or stored on an insulating mat. The specimen holder 27 is then moved into T-slots and screwed. A displacement of the clamping plate 4 is possible for certain applications, such as impact loads on a body.

3 shows the joint arrangement of Fall bear 8th and coupling body 13 , wherein in an alternative embodiment, the coupling body 13 also can be omitted and the case body 8th then directly on the specimen 28 can bounce.

4 shows an alternative embodiment of a coupling body 21 , which instead of the coupling body 13 can be used. In the coupling body 21 is an end stop mechanism provided that a threaded nut 22 at a sample body end of the guide rod 1 and a sling ring 23 in a bearing sleeve 24 of the coupling body 21 having. Near the sample body end of the coupling body 21 is also an adapter 26 attachable, the actual loading of the specimen 28 with the trial load is used. Such an end stop for coupling body 21 and the falling weight of the falling body 8th can be used if it can be expected that the test specimen 28 breaks and the surrounding parts are to be protected. For this purpose, the coupling body 13 through the coupling body 21 be replaced. This is at the bottom of the guide rod 1 the threaded nut 22 attached and in the bearing sleeve 24 the impact ring 23 attached. For easy installation, the adapter 26 on the bearing sleeve 24 , with two ball or bushings 25 on the guide rod 1 is guided, be screwed on. The shock absorber 17 , the load cell 18 and the connection element 19 are like the coupling body 13 executed. The hollow shaft 14 can be omitted here.

Furthermore, the operation of the pendulum fall system 60 according to 1 to 4 described in more detail.

First, the specimen 28 at the specimen holder 27 on the platen 4 assembled. Then one on the specimen 28 coordinated coupling body 13 on an underside of the guide bar 1 assembled. Hereinafter, the triggering device 5 lowered so far, until this in operative contact with the Einklinkplatte 11 of the fall bear 8th device and is locked with this. Fallbär 8th and tripping device 5 be by means of the cable 6 brought to a suitable height. Optionally, the correct orientation between specimen can again 28 and coupling body 13 be checked and readjusted if necessary. Then the triggering device 5 be pressed so that the fall bear 8th falls down under the influence of gravitational force and with its impact plate 12 an impulse on the coupling body 13 transfers. This pulse is from the coupling body 13 to the specimen 28 retransmitted. After this transfer, the pendulum suspended guide rod 1 with the components mounted on it 8th and 13 swing away sideways (according to the deflection of the specimen 28 , in the example to the bottom left (see black full arrow), but also in any other direction), and thus perform a pendulum compensating movement.

All parts of the box are on a wall bracket 29 attached, which can be designed according to local conditions.

5 shows a front view and 6 a side view along a direction X 'of a Pendelfallanlage 70 according to another exemplary embodiment of the invention.

In the pendulum fall system 70 is the management structure of two parallel linear guide rods 30 formed by means of an upper cross yoke 31 and by means of two lower transverse yokes 31 ' are connected. The lower transverse yokes 31 ' In addition serve also for hanging a coupling body 48 , In particular, the coupling body 48 even in the two lower transverse yokes 31 ' guided, so that the coupling body 48 In this embodiment, as a solid body can be performed. A fall body or fall bear 37 is vertical between the transverse yokes 31 . 31 ' arranged. The transverse yokes 31 ' include bushings like Fall bear 37 , The coupling body 48 so it moves completely down. Alternatively, the transverse yokes can 31 ' at the bars 30 be clamped and the adapter 49 with shock absorber 47 be guided in a bushing.

The pendulum fall system 70 thus contains the two guide rods 30 , which at the upper end with the cross yoke 31 are firmly connected. The cross yoke 31 is by means of a joint 32 on a hollow lifting spindle 33 a hoist 34 attached and can thus together with the guide rods 30 for adaptation to the height of the specimen 28 be moved up and down. The hoist 34 is on two storage blocks 35 mounted to prevent lateral forces and moments pivoting about the X-axis (see the in 5 drawn coordinate system). A latching device 36 for coupling to the fall bear 37 is by means of a winch 38 whose rope 39 through the hollow lifting spindle 33 via a pulley 40 is guided, lifted and lowered. The latching of fall bear 37 with the latch 36 takes place with a correspondingly shaped bolt 41 in an opening 42 the latching device 36 locked and to trigger the fall bear 37 is unlocked. At the fall bear 37 can use different weights 43 be stacked by means of a threaded rod 44 and a threaded nut 45 be tense. Down at the fall bear 37 is a pestle 46 attached, after the release of the fall bear 37 on a shock absorber 47 hits. The shock absorber 47 is in the coupling body 48 attached and attached to the bottom by an adapter 49 extended. On this adapter 49 there is a load cell 18 and a connection element 19 to the examinee 28 ,

The adjustable shock absorber 47 can, as in the first embodiment also replaced by a fixed stop or the entire coupling body 48 Can be removed, leaving the replaceable plunger 46 possibly with a load cell behind it 18 directly on a test specimen 28 hits. Depending on the type of specimen 28 It may be advantageous for the plunger 46 on a pan-shaped plate which is attached to the test specimen. This will cause the (possibly extended) plunger 46 guided and the guide rods 30 be when dodging the specimen 28 moved. Instead of a round pestle 46 an element of any shape and substance can be applied (this also applies to the other embodiments).

At the bottom of the guide rods 30 are end stops or threaded nuts 50 attached, which at break of the specimen 28 the coupling body 48 and possibly also the fall bear 37 Hold, if this does not spring back and by holding brakes 51 is held.

The guide rods 30 with accessories are on a pillar 52 or on the boom 53 stored, but it is also a wall attachment or attachment to a portal possible. The latter can be moved independently of a building on the ground or stationary.

The adjustment of the angular position and the position of the test specimen 28 via a receptacle or a test specimen holder 27 , the one or the other on a floor plate 54 can be moved in the X direction.

The ones described below 7 to 13 illustrate further aspects of pendulum fall systems according to exemplary embodiments of the invention.

In the embodiments according to 1 and 5 is shown as an example a steering column with brackets (dashed lines). The loads are initiated in the center of the steering wheel attachment. The steering column can be attached to the receptacle 27 be pivoted and loaded from the vertical to the horizontal position in stages (if necessary, also stepless). For example, the steering column can deflect to about 8 cm, with other test pieces, the distance can be considerably greater. A deformation of the steering column support is also possible depending on the amount of stress. In 7 is the corresponding 1 built-up steering column to see after the load ie the steering column is compressed or pushed and the guide rod 1 doing a pendulum movement of 1.6 degrees.

In 8th the steering column is set horizontally. Here, this will be less retracted, but pushed down more, but also describe a circular arc and the pendulum motion of the management structure 1 use. The examinee 28 , z. As the steering column, can be adjusted in inclination and can therefore be tested in different positions. reference numeral 56 represents a rotation axis of the test object 28 and reference numerals 57 a corresponding lock.

In 9 are exemplary forces and moments with a tendency of the management structure 1 entered at 8 degrees to the vertical axis. As you can see, the vertical force changes by less than 1%. The friction force on the fall bear 8th with plain bearings is also less than 1% of the Fallbärmasse, in rolling bearings friction is again about 20 times less, ie negligible. This use case can occur if a candidate 28 no tilt adjustment allowed, for example if it is very bulky or if liquid content does not allow it. The drop height and thus the energy change only slightly at low inclination. The friction at the Fallbär is low. The examinee 28 in 9 is shown horizontally. In 9 an example of forces at an angle of 8 ° is shown. A horizontal force component has 490 N and a vertical force component has 3500 N. This results in a resultant of 3530 N. At a lever arm of z. B. 0.504 m between the axis of rotation 56 of the test piece 28 and the vertical force component results in a moment My = 3500 N x 0.504 m = 1764 Nm.

An arrangement with a guide structure of wire ropes 1' is in 10 shown. At the in 10 illustrated Pendelfallanlage 90 are the ropes 1' fixed above and freely suspended at the bottom, so that the fall bear has almost all degrees of freedom after the impact. So that it does not deviate too much from its position after the impact, the end stops on the ropes can 1' be adjusted in height. As for the storage of the upper end of the rope, so is a hinged suspension of ropes 1' not necessary as they are elastic throughout. At Fallbär or the test specimen may optionally be arranged a force transducer or a damper, the contour of which can be varied. Furthermore, a more adjustable safety stop can be used.

11 shows in an embodiment not related to the invention, which in 11 on the left is a pendulum fall system 80 with a guide rod 1 which can also be a thin rod. Rods with different cross sections are easily interchangeable. The fallbear trained as mere droppings 8th can be varied from several hundred kilograms to a few grams. The falling mass is after leaving the guide rod 1 completely free to move during the following impact and can withstand the deformations of the test object 28 exactly adapt. A pendulum movement of the guide rod 1 This is only necessary if the falling mass should not fall vertically.

11 shows on the right side also a pendulum fall system 85 in which the examinee 28 is also shown without coupling body (but it can be inserted one). The fall bear 8th leaves the guide rod 1 not, but otherwise is freely movable by the pendulous guide, so that a lateral buckling of the specimen 28 not hindered. Here, as with all other superstructures, forces and moments, for example, by a sub-DUT 28 located force plate 87 (For example, a 6-component force plate) are measured.

In 11 a pendulum fall system is shown with a pendulous guide tube. In the left view of 11 is a dropping compound on the test piece 58 completely free to move. In the right view of 11 The Fallbär can move axially guided in the horizontal plane.

12 shows how another load option in modification too 5 can look like. The fall bear falls with the impact ram mounted at the bottom - without the interposition of a coupling body - for example in a ball socket attached to the test piece. The ram can also be an adjustable hydraulic shock absorber with force sensor. The management structure is here in contrast to the 1 and 5 not coupled directly to the test specimen, which may be advantageous if, for example, the weight of the coupling body or other parts not in advance to load on the specimen.

Sometimes it is required that the test object may only move in one direction. For long and soft guide rods, this can be prevented by re-guiding them at the lower end, for example with two pendulum supports as well as in 12 , View U and V, can be seen. Since these pendulum supports describe a circular arc during a deflection, they should be designed sufficiently long according to the permissible deviations. Otherwise an exact guidance by rolls (view U right and section AA) is possible. This can also be done only on one side by linear guides, with a rolling bearing carriage moves on a profile guide rail and can be loaded on train as pressure. In view U the pendulum supports are shown as a parallelogram or as a spherical bearing on both sides. In view U with roller guide double-sided guide rollers are shown, which may alternatively be one-sided linear guides. With roller guide no lateral movement is given.

13 shows a pendulum fall system 6a ' according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention, which is used to test an entire car. The pendulum fall system can also be used as a pendulum impact device for all directions. There can be any mass with pendulum impact. A thin wire (cord) is z. B. when trying through the case body 8th stripped.

In summary, embodiments of the invention have the advantage that the case body and possibly interposed coupling body can adapt to all movements of the specimen during the loading process, even over long distances and without hindering the movements. If necessary, it is possible to prevent evasion of the test object in one or more directions. The test set-up is cost-effective and nevertheless very variable, so that the widest variety of test pieces can be tested in a realistic manner.

In addition, it should be noted that "having" does not exclude other elements or steps, and "a" or "an" does not exclude a multitude. It should also be appreciated that features or steps described with reference to any of the above embodiments may also be used in combination with other features or steps of other embodiments described above. Reference signs in the claims are not to be considered as limiting.

Claims (25)

Pendulum fall system ( 60 . 70 ) for loading a test specimen ( 28 ) with a test load, the pendulum fall system ( 60 . 70 ): a management structure ( 1 . 30 ) used to guide a falling body ( 8th . 37 ) during a fall along the management structure ( 1 . 30 ), the falling body ( 8th . 37 ), which is set up, at the management structure ( 1 . 30 ) and for loading the specimen ( 28 ) with the trial load along the guide structure ( 1 . 30 ), whereby the falling body ( 8th . 37 ) and the management structure ( 1 . 30 ) to each other for sliding or rolling drainage of the falling body ( 8th . 37 ) along the management structure ( 1 . 30 ) are adjusted; and a warehouse ( 2 . 32 ), where the management structure ( 1 . 30 ) is pendulum suspended, so that after exposure to the specimen ( 28 ) with the trial load a pendulum compensation movement of the management structure ( 1 . 30 ) with the case body ( 8th . 37 ) is possible. Pendulum fall system ( 60 ) according to claim 1, wherein the management structure ( 1 ) is a rectilinear hollow structure. Pendulum fall system ( 70 ) according to claim 1, wherein the management structure ( 30 ) has a plurality of rectilinear and mutually parallel guide elements, which by means of at least one transverse yoke ( 31 . 31 ' ) are interconnected. Pendulum fall system ( 60 . 70 ) according to one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the management structure ( 1 . 30 ) has a plurality of guide part structures, the are hinged to each other by means of at least one other bearing. Pendulum fall system ( 60 . 70 ) according to one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the management structure ( 1 . 30 ) has at least one guide rod, at least one guide rail and / or at least one guide cable. Pendulum fall system ( 60 . 70 ) according to one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the management structure ( 1 . 30 ) is aligned in a no-load condition parallel to the acceleration due to gravity (g). Pendulum fall system ( 60 . 70 ) according to one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the bearing ( 2 . 32 ) is a uniaxial joint, a multiaxial joint or a spherical joint. Pendulum fall system ( 60 ) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the falling body ( 8th ) has a case guide structure around the guide structure ( 1 ) and along the management structure ( 1 ) is axially movable. Pendulum fall system ( 60 . 70 ) according to one of claims 1 to 8, comprising a plurality of weight modules ( 9 . 43 ), wherein the falling body ( 8th . 37 ) is arranged with a selective number of the plurality of weight modules ( 9 . 43 ) to be equipped. Pendulum fall system ( 60 . 70 ) according to one of claims 1 to 9, comprising a lifting device ( 3 . 34 ) with the warehouse ( 2 . 32 ) and is set up, a vertical height of the management structure ( 1 . 30 ). Pendulum fall system ( 60 . 70 ) according to one of claims 1 to 10, comprising one on the management structure ( 1 . 30 ) attached or attachable triggering device ( 5 . 36 ) operable by releasing a locked state of the falling body (Fig. 8th . 37 ) on the triggering device ( 5 . 36 ) falling the falling body ( 8th . 37 ) along the management structure ( 1 . 30 ). Pendulum fall system ( 60 . 70 ) according to the preceding claim, comprising a traversing device ( 6 . 38 - 40 ), wherein the triggering device ( 5 . 36 ) by means of the moving device ( 6 . 38 - 40 ) along the management structure ( 1 . 30 ) is movable to the drop body ( 8th . 37 ) to arrest and to convey before triggering to a predetermined release position. Pendulum fall system ( 60 . 70 ) according to one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the falling body ( 8th ) has a fastening device, by means of which the falling body ( 8th ) on the management structure ( 1 . 30 ) is attachable after the falling body ( 8th . 37 ) springs back after falling against the direction of fall. Pendulum fall system ( 60 . 70 ) according to one of claims 1 to 13, wherein the falling body ( 8th . 37 ) in the management structure ( 1 . 30 ) mounted state on its underside an impact structure ( 12 . 46 ) having. Pendulum fall system ( 60 . 70 ) according to the preceding claim, comprising a coupling body ( 13 . 21 . 48 ), who works on the management structure ( 1 . 30 ) below the drop body ( 8th . 37 ) is mountable and in falling the falling body ( 8th . 37 ) by means of the coupling body ( 13 . 21 . 48 ) impinging impact structure ( 12 . 46 ) the test load on the test specimen ( 28 ) transmits. Pendulum fall system ( 60 . 70 ) according to the preceding claim, wherein the coupling body ( 13 . 21 . 48 ) an attenuator ( 17 . 47 ), which causes an impact of the impact structure ( 12 . 46 ) on the coupling body ( 13 . 21 . 48 ) dampens. Pendulum fall system ( 60 . 70 ) according to claim 15 or 16, wherein the coupling body ( 13 . 21 . 48 ) a measuring device ( 18 ) for measuring a test variable indicative of the test load when transferring the sample load from the coupling body ( 13 . 21 . 48 ) on the specimen ( 28 ) having. Pendulum fall system ( 60 ) according to claim 2 and one of claims 15 to 17, wherein the coupling body ( 13 ) a coupling body guiding structure ( 14 ), which in the hollow structure ( 1 ) is movably mounted, so that upon impact of the impact structure ( 12 ) on the coupling body ( 13 ) the coupling body guiding structure ( 14 ) relative to the hollow structure ( 1 ). Pendulum fall system ( 70 ) according to claim 3 and one of claims 15 to 17, wherein the coupling body ( 48 ) in at least one of the at least one transverse yoke ( 31 ' ) is guided. Pendulum fall system ( 60 . 70 ) according to one of claims 15 to 19, wherein the coupling body ( 13 . 21 . 48 ) a connection element ( 19 ) configured to receive the sample ( 28 ). Pendulum fall system ( 60 ) according to one of claims 15 to 20, wherein the coupling body ( 21 ) has an end stop mechanism having a threaded nut ( 22 ) at a trial body end of the management structure ( 1 ) and an impact ring ( 23 ) in a bearing sleeve ( 24 ) of the coupling body ( 21 ) and one at a probekörperseitigen end of the coupling body ( 21 ) attachable adapter ( 26 ) for applying the test specimen ( 28 ) with the sample load. Pendulum fall system ( 60 . 70 ) according to one of claims 1 to 21, comprising a test specimen mounting base ( 4 . 27 . 54 ), which is anchored to a ground torque-resistant or slidably anchored and for mounting the test specimen ( 28 ) is set up Pendulum fall system ( 60 . 70 ) according to one of claims 1 to 22, wherein the bearing ( 2 . 32 ) is hung rigidly. Method for applying a test specimen ( 28 ) with a trial load, the method comprising: pendular suspension of a guide structure ( 1 . 30 ) at a warehouse ( 2 . 32 ); Mounting a drop body ( 8th . 37 ) on the management structure ( 1 . 30 ); Triggering a fall of the falling body ( 8th . 37 ) along the management structure ( 1 . 30 ), wherein the falling body ( 8th . 37 ) and the management structure ( 1 . 30 ) to each other for sliding or rolling drainage of the falling body ( 8th . 37 ) along the management structure ( 1 . 30 ), so that the falling body ( 8th . 37 ) along the management structure ( 1 . 30 ), whereby the specimen ( 28 ) is loaded with the sample load, wherein after exposure of the test specimen ( 28 ) with the trial load a pendulum compensation movement of the management structure ( 1 . 30 ) with the case body ( 8th . 37 ) he follows. Use of a pendulum fall system ( 60 . 70 ) according to one of claims 1 to 23 for applying a motor vehicle component as a test specimen ( 28 ) with a trial load.

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