DE102010011232A1 - Protection device for inverter of photovoltaic system, is designed such that semiconductor element is conductive during absence of alternating voltage or presence of input voltage exceeding threshold value - Google Patents
Protection device for inverter of photovoltaic system, is designed such that semiconductor element is conductive during absence of alternating voltage or presence of input voltage exceeding threshold value Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- DE102010011232A1 DE102010011232A1 DE102010011232A DE102010011232A DE102010011232A1 DE 102010011232 A1 DE102010011232 A1 DE 102010011232A1 DE 102010011232 A DE102010011232 A DE 102010011232A DE 102010011232 A DE102010011232 A DE 102010011232A DE 102010011232 A1 DE102010011232 A1 DE 102010011232A1
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- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- voltage
- inverter
- semiconductor element
- protection device
- igbt
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- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
- H02H7/10—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers
- H02H7/12—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers
- H02H7/122—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers for inverters, i.e. DC/AC converters
- H02H7/1227—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers for inverters, i.e. DC/AC converters responsive to abnormalities in the output circuit, e.g. short circuit
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
- H02J3/381—Dispersed generators
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- H02J2101/24—
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output; Conversion of DC power input into AC power output
- H02M7/42—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/44—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/48—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Inverter Devices (AREA)
- Protection Of Static Devices (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Schutzvorrichtung für den Wechselrichter einer Photovoltaikanlage, der zwei Eingangsklemmen für den Anschluss der von der PV-Anlage generierten Gleichspannung und einen Wechselspannungsausgang aufweist.The invention relates to a protective device for the inverter of a photovoltaic system, which has two input terminals for connecting the DC voltage generated by the PV system and an AC output.
Bei der Auslegung von Photovoltaikanlagen ist es zu beachten, dass die maximal zulässige Spannung Uz an der Gleichstromseite des Wechselrichters unter keinen Umständen überschritten wird, da ein Überschreiten zu einer Zerstörung des Wechselrichters führt.When designing photovoltaic systems, it should be noted that the maximum permissible voltage U z on the DC side of the inverter is under no circumstances exceeded, as exceeding this will lead to destruction of the inverter.
Aus diesem Grund ist es zur Zeit üblich, die Photovoltaikanlage so auszulegen, dass selbst im ungünstigsten Fall eines Leerlaufs die Leerlaufspannung UL oder U0 unterhalb der zulässigen Maximalspannung Uz bleibt. Eine typische Auslegung sieht vor, dass eine Vielzahl von Strängen parallel geschaltet wird. Die maximale Anzahl der Stränge richtet sich dabei nach der Leistung des Wechselrichters, an den die Stränge angeschlossen sind. Moderne Wechselrichter können bis zu einer Eingangsgleichspannung von ca. 900 Volt–1000 Volt ausgelegt sein.For this reason, it is currently customary to design the photovoltaic system so that even in the most unfavorable case of idling the no-load voltage U L or U 0 remains below the permissible maximum voltage U z . A typical design provides that a plurality of strings are connected in parallel. The maximum number of strings depends on the power of the inverter to which the strings are connected. Modern inverters can be designed up to a DC input voltage of about 900 volts-1000 volts.
Eine beispielhafte Ausführung sieht vor, jeden Strang der Anlage aus acht Photovoltaikmodulen aufzubauen, von denen jedes 60 Photovoltaikzellen aufweist. Insgesamt sind somit 480 Zellen in Reihe zueinander geschaltet. An jeder Zelle liegt im Leerlauffall eine Spannung von 1,5 Volt an, was zu einer Strangspannung von 720 Volt führt, was deutlich unter der von den Herstellern der Module angegebenen Maximalspannung von 900–1000 Volt liegt. Diese zur Zeit angewandte Praxis ist nochmals in der
Im Betrieb der Anlage sinkt die Leerlaufspannung der Zellen auf eine Betriebsspannung von ca. 1 bis 1,1 Volt, so dass zwischen den Enden der herkömmlichen Stränge eine Spannung zwischen 480 Volt und 510 Volt anliegt. Sollte der Netzbetreiber, an den die Photovoltaikanlage angeschlossen ist, diese aus welchen Gründen auch immer vom Netz nehmen (e. g. Kurzschluss in dem Einspeisekabel) springt die Spannung auf die genannten 720 Volt, was für die Module und die Anlage unkritisch ist. Liegt eine höhere Spannung an, kann dies zur Zerstörung der Module, des Wechselrichters und der gesamten Anlage führen.During operation of the system, the open circuit voltage of the cells drops to an operating voltage of about 1 to 1.1 volts, so that between the ends of the conventional strands a voltage between 480 volts and 510 volts is applied. Should the grid operator, to which the photovoltaic system is connected, disconnect it for whatever reason (eg a short circuit in the supply cable), the voltage jumps to the mentioned 720 volts, which is uncritical for the modules and the system. If a higher voltage is applied, this can destroy the modules, the inverter and the entire system.
Auf der anderen Seite wäre es wünschenswert, insbesondere in Hinblick auf kürzlich vorgestellte neuartige PV-Module mit höheren Nenn- und Leerlaufspannungen, die Photovoltaik-Module und auch den Wechselrichter im Normalbetrieb mit einer höheren Spannung als 480–510 Volt, ideale Weise mit der zulässigen Höchstspannung von 900–1000 Volt zu betreiben. Dieses ist aber nicht möglich, da dann im Leerlauffall eine Spannung von ca. 1500 Volt zur Zerstörung der Photovoltaik-Module und des Wechselrichters und der Anlage führen würde. Ein solcher unerwünschter Fall ist in der
Der Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Photovoltaikanlage der genannten Art mit einer Schutzvorrichtung zu versehen, die den Betrieb mit einer höheren Betriebsspannung erlaubt und trotzdem sicherzustellen, dass keine unzulässigen Spannungsüberschreitungen auftreten.The invention is therefore based on the object to provide a photovoltaic system of the type mentioned with a protective device that allows operation with a higher operating voltage and still ensure that no inadmissible voltage exceedances occur.
Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch eine Schutzvorrichtung gelöst, bei der ein Halbleiterelement zwischen den Eingangsklemmen vorgesehen ist, das bei Ausbleiben der Wechselspannung oder bei Vorliegen einer einen Schwellwert übersteigenden Eingangsspannung leitend wird.This object is achieved by a protective device in which a semiconductor element is provided between the input terminals, which becomes conductive in the absence of the AC voltage or in the presence of a threshold value exceeding an input voltage.
Durch diese Maßnahme wird sichergestellt, dass an den Komponenten der Anlage, insbesondere an den Modulen und dem Wechselrichter keine unzulässig hohe Spannung Uz im Leerlauffall auftritt. Durch die hohe Betriebsspannung von z. B. 1000 Volt können bei gleicher Leistung der PV-Anlage Kabel mit dünneren Leitungsquerschnitten eingesetzt werden, was kostengünstiger ist und größere Anlagen erlaubt. Der Wechselrichter selber kann an seiner maximalen Spannung betrieben werden, wodurch eine bessere Ausnutzung seiner Dimensionierung, d. h. der Spannungsfestigkeit der verbauten Kondensatoren und elektronischer Bauelemente, der Verdrahtung etc. erreicht wird.This measure ensures that no unacceptably high voltage Uz occurs during idling at the components of the system, in particular on the modules and the inverter. Due to the high operating voltage of z. B. 1000 volts can be used with thinner cable cross-sections with the same power of the PV system cables, which is less expensive and allows larger systems. The inverter itself can be operated at its maximum voltage, whereby a better utilization of its dimensions, d. H. the dielectric strength of the installed capacitors and electronic components, the wiring, etc. is achieved.
Weitere Vorteile und Einzelheiten der Erfindung ergeben sich aus der Beschreibung eines Ausführungsbeispiels anhand der Figuren. Es zeigen:Further advantages and details of the invention will become apparent from the description of an embodiment with reference to FIGS. Show it:
In der
Die Trennschalter
Zwischen den Eingangsklemmen
Mit dem Einleiten des Öffnungsvorgangs durch das Steuersignal
Die
In der
BezugszeichenlisteLIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS
- 11
- Schutzvorrichtungguard
- 3, 3'3, 3 '
- Eingangsklemmen WechselrichterInput terminals inverter
- 55
- Wechselrichterinverter
- 7, 7'7, 7 '
- Trennschalter, SchützDisconnector, contactor
- 1111
- IGBTIGBT
- 1313
- Eingang SteuereinheitInput control unit
- 1515
- Steuereinheitcontrol unit
- 1717
- Steuersignalcontrol signal
- 1919
- 1. Zeitverzögerungsglied1st time delay element
- 2323
- 2. Zeitverzögerungsglied2. Time delay element
- 2525
- weiteres Halbleiterelementfurther semiconductor element
- 2626
- weiterer IGBTanother IGBT
- R1R1
- Vorwiderstanddropping resistor
- R2R2
- Entladewiderstanddischarge
- CC
- Kondensatorcapacitor
- PP
- Schnittpunktintersection
- SS
- Signalsignal
Claims (8)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102010011232A DE102010011232A1 (en) | 2010-03-12 | 2010-03-12 | Protection device for inverter of photovoltaic system, is designed such that semiconductor element is conductive during absence of alternating voltage or presence of input voltage exceeding threshold value |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102010011232A DE102010011232A1 (en) | 2010-03-12 | 2010-03-12 | Protection device for inverter of photovoltaic system, is designed such that semiconductor element is conductive during absence of alternating voltage or presence of input voltage exceeding threshold value |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DE102010011232A1 true DE102010011232A1 (en) | 2011-09-15 |
Family
ID=44507899
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102010011232A Ceased DE102010011232A1 (en) | 2010-03-12 | 2010-03-12 | Protection device for inverter of photovoltaic system, is designed such that semiconductor element is conductive during absence of alternating voltage or presence of input voltage exceeding threshold value |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| DE (1) | DE102010011232A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2013091689A1 (en) * | 2011-12-21 | 2013-06-27 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Separating device for direct current interruption between a photovoltaic generator and an electrical apparatus, and photovoltaic system having such a separating device |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102008050543A1 (en) * | 2008-10-06 | 2010-04-15 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Protection circuit for a DC link of an inverter, in particular a solar inverter, against overvoltages |
-
2010
- 2010-03-12 DE DE102010011232A patent/DE102010011232A1/en not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102008050543A1 (en) * | 2008-10-06 | 2010-04-15 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Protection circuit for a DC link of an inverter, in particular a solar inverter, against overvoltages |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| Patent Abstracts of Japan zu JP 11312022 A * |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2013091689A1 (en) * | 2011-12-21 | 2013-06-27 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Separating device for direct current interruption between a photovoltaic generator and an electrical apparatus, and photovoltaic system having such a separating device |
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| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| R002 | Refusal decision in examination/registration proceedings | ||
| R003 | Refusal decision now final |
Effective date: 20111222 |