DE102019119903A1 - PCM material, heater, heat storage media and method of heating - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a heating device (10) with heating means (60) and heat storage means (56, 56 ') which have a latent heat storage material which has at least a first phase change in which latent heat is absorbed or released, with the power peaks in a power grid can be efficiently eliminated and / or heating costs can be reduced. In addition, targeted load management can be operated and a boost mode is possible. The heat storage means (56, 56 ') are not subject to the risk of deformation or bursting. The PCM used is cycle-stable and the heating device (10) is simple and space-saving and can be manufactured inexpensively.

Description

The present invention relates to the use of a substance as a latent heat storage material according to the preamble of claim 1, a heating device according to the preamble of claim 5, a heat storage means according to the preamble of claim 13 and a method for heating according to the preamble of claim 14.

From the DE 10 2018 135 254 such as DE 20 2018 107 362 A heating device is known with which power peaks that are detrimental to network stability can be efficiently eliminated in the power grid, in particular through an excess of energy from regenerative power plants, such as photovoltaic power plants, wind power plants and the like. In the context of this heating device, latent heat storage materials are used because they can be used to store heat very quickly and efficiently.

Latent heat storage material is a so-called phase change material (PCM for short), i.e. a material that has the property of going through a phase change from solid to liquid or vice versa at defined temperatures (phase change temperatures) (liquid-vaporous and similar systems are also possible ).

With such a phase change, a great deal of thermal energy is absorbed (solid -> liquid) or released (liquid -> solid), the temperature of the latent heat storage material remaining constant during the phase change.

Latent heat storage material is known that stores heat in the supercritical area, in which case activation must take place, for example in the form of the bendable metal plates in the known heat cushions. In the context of the known heating device, however, a latent heat storage material is preferably used which does not require such activation, whereby the heat can be given off immediately and the heat dissipation is avoided only by insulation.

The problem with such PCM, however, is that a change in volume occurs during the phase change. As a result, heat storage means filled with PCM, also referred to as latent heat storage elements, are exposed to high mechanical stress as a result of the repeated changes in volume.

It is possible to try to counteract any deformations or cracks caused by volume changes by keeping space for this volume change in the latent heat storage elements. However, this does not prevent the cracking open, because the PCM mostly have poor thermal conductivity, which is why they are not heated very quickly. As a result, plugs form in the PCM from solid and liquid areas, so that the change in volume does not take place over the entire amount of PCM and therefore certain areas are subjected to a change in volume, while other areas do not change their volume. If the space kept ready does not exist in the areas of the current volume change, the local pressures that arise cannot be buffered, which means that deformations or cracks are possible.

In addition, there is a problem that known PCMs are not cycle stable, but degenerate and thereby lose their PCM properties again after a short time. Sugar alcohols, for example, caramelize, which is why they have to be processed under strict exclusion of oxygen, which makes the development of the latent heat storage elements even more difficult. However, even such oxygen exclusion does not guarantee cycle stability.

Furthermore, the choice of a suitable PCM is difficult because the literature on PCM materials provides many different information. In addition, innumerable publications often refer to incorrect or incomprehensible technical specifications.

It is the object of the present invention to show a possibility how at least one of the problems outlined above can be solved. In particular, a heat storage means should be provided that is not subject to the risk of deformation or bursting. The PCM used here should preferably be cycle-stable. In addition, it is desirable that heating devices created in this way are simple, space-saving and can be manufactured at low cost.

This object is achieved with the inventive use of a substance as a PCM according to claim 1, the heating device according to the invention according to claim 5, the heat storage means according to the invention according to claim 13 and the inventive method for heating according to claim 14. Advantageous developments are in the subclaims and in the following description together indicated with the figures.

On the part of the invention it was recognized that this object can be achieved in a surprising manner particularly simply if a substance is used as PCM which has a phase change in which none or at least none Complete change in the physical state, preferably no or at least no complete transition from solid to liquid physical state, because then there is no change in volume or only a very small change in volume, so that there is no risk of damage or destruction of the latent heat storage elements built up therewith.

According to the invention, therefore, a first substance is used as latent heat storage material or a mixture that comprises the first substance and at least one second substance is used as latent heat storage material, in which the first substance has at least a first phase change in which latent heat is absorbed or emitted, in which no or at least no complete change in the physical state takes place. Preferably, there is no or at least no complete transition from the solid to the liquid state of aggregation on the first phase change.

In an advantageous development it is provided that the latent heat storage material is used in a temperature range which includes the phase change temperature for this first phase change.

In the context of the present invention, a “phase change” of a latent heat storage material is the state in which latent heat (or conversion enthalpy) is absorbed or emitted, in which a great deal of thermal energy is absorbed or emitted, the temperature of the latent heat storage material during the phase change remains essentially constant. Such a phase change does not necessarily have to be associated with the transition or the complete transition from one physical state to another. The phase change can also be a recrystallization or a similar chemical and / or physical process in which latent heat is absorbed or given off.

In an advantageous development it is provided that the first substance comprises alcohol, preferably pentaerythritol. Pentaerythritol (C5H1204, CAS-No .: 115-77-5, 2,2-bis (hydroxymethyl) -1,3-propanediol) is a tetravalent alcohol that is in the solid state as a white, crystalline powder that is good is backfillable. Up to now, pentaerythritol was mainly used for the production of alkyd resins as well as plasticizers and emulsifiers, and also for the production of the explosives pentaerythritol trinitrate and nitropenta (pentaerythritol tetranitrate). It was not known that pentaerythritol could be used as a PCM. Its phase transition temperature between solid and liquid is around 263 ° C, but there is another phase change, which can also be referred to as an "intermediate phase change" or "intermediate crystallization" or "recrystallization", in which a very high energy consumption or energy output (253, 4 J / g) at a constant temperature of about 181.7 ° C. During this intermediate phase change, the material does not melt, so that there is no change in volume. As a result, there is no risk of damage to the heat storage means during this intermediate phase change. In addition, pentaerythritol is stable even after numerous temperature control cycles (> 1000 cycles), i.e. without loss of mass and chemical changes.

In an advantageous further development it is provided that the second substance is selected from the group comprising alcohol, sugar alcohol, salt hydrate, adipic acid, dicarboxylic acid and polymeric plastic compounds, preferably erythritol, galactitol, myo-inositol and mannitol. Myo-inositol in particular can be used to advantage because its melting (227 ° C) and solidification temperature (183 ° C) remain constant even after numerous temperature control cycles and there is no loss of mass in the range of 50 ° C to 250 ° C.

In an advantageous development it is provided that the first phase change of the first substance takes place at a temperature in the range 130 ° C to 270 ° C, preferably in the range 140 ° C to 240 ° C, in particular in the range 160 ° C to 200 ° C. This is the preferred area of application of heating devices in the real estate sector, because the heat absorption and heat release to the air then takes place particularly efficiently. More precisely, this temperature range is large enough to have a sufficient temperature difference to room temperature in order to be able to heat with thermal convection, and sufficiently small in order not to have any major heat losses.

In an advantageous development it is provided that the first substance has a second phase change, preferably from solid to liquid, which takes place at a temperature of at least 230 ° C, preferably at least 250 ° C, in particular at least 260 ° C. This phase change lies outside the preferred area of application of heating devices in the real estate sector, so that there is no risk of damage to the heat storage means in this area of application.

In the event that the latent heat storage material thus has two phase transitions of the type described above, the latent heat storage material should no longer be used at the phase transition in which a complete change in physical state occurs, as is usually the case for latent storage materials, but rather at the Phase change in which there is no complete change, preferably no change in the physical state.

In an advantageous development it is provided that the latent heat storage material is used in the field of heat storage technology. This can be done, for example, as part of the construction of a stove or fireplace or as part of waste heat recovery. The latent heat storage material can be used both in the context of the construction of new stoves and chimneys as well as in the context of retrofitting existing stoves or chimneys. Furthermore, the material can also be used in the context of a storage battery, for example as a storage battery for solar and wind energy, preferably to use the stored energy for heating or hot water preparation purposes. However, it can also be used in the context of exhaust gas heat storage technology, in particular in the field of industrial process waste heat utilization or craft process waste heat utilization - bakeries as well as primary and forming factories are examples here.

In an advantageous development it is provided that the latent heat storage material is present in at least one heat storage means, preferably a latent heat storage element. This makes it particularly easy to use.

In an advantageous development it is provided that the heat storage means has a shell which has at least two areas that have different thermal conductivity. One area preferably has high thermal conductivity (preferably at least 150 W / (m * K), in particular at least 180 W / (m * K)) and the other area has low thermal conductivity (preferably at most 100 W / (m * K), in particular at most 50 W / (m * K)). A first area with high thermal conductivity is preferably made of aluminum, copper or the like, while the other area with low thermal conductivity is made of plastic, ceramic or stainless steel. This means that the area with high thermal conductivity can be used to couple the latent heat in and out, and the other area with low thermal conductivity contributes to the insulating effect and prevents thermal bridges.

In an advantageous development, it is provided that the two areas are connected to one another in a non-positive and / or form-fitting manner, the connection preferably being a welded connection, adhesive connection and / or the heat storage means being a crimped (for example a crimped or folded connection of two metal sheets) connection, with the connection is designed in particular gas-tight. As a result, the two areas can be connected particularly easily, with high long-term stability of the latent storage material being ensured.

In an advantageous development it is provided that the heat storage means has at least one heat conduction means which extends from a surface of the heat storage means into the latent heat storage material enclosed by the heat storage means, whereby it is preferably provided that the heat conduction means is designed as one or more inwardly pointing projections which preferably point inward from a surface section of the heat storage means facing towards the heating means, the projection being in particular designed as a heat conducting rib. As a result, the heat is introduced into or removed from the heat storage means particularly quickly. The projection is preferably formed on the area with high thermal conductivity and in particular consists of the same material as this area.

A latent heat storage material which has at least a first phase change in which latent heat is absorbed or released, in which no or at least no complete change in the physical state occurs, can be used for any applications of heat storage technology. This can be done, for example, in electrical heating construction, but also in the context of furnace or chimney construction or in the context of waste heat utilization. The latent heat storage material can be used both in the context of the construction of new stoves and chimneys as well as in the context of retrofitting existing stoves or chimneys. However, it can also be used in the context of exhaust gas heat storage technology, in particular in the field of industrial process waste heat utilization or craft process waste heat utilization; Examples include bakeries and primary and reshaped factories.

In addition, this object is achieved in that the heating means are at least partially or completely enclosed in one plane by one or more heat storage means. As a result, the heat given off by the heating means is used in this plane to heat the heat storage means, so that heat losses can be kept very low. In addition, the latent heat storage material, which mostly (for example for alcohols such as pentaerythritol) only has a low thermal conductivity, acts as a natural insulator, so that the heating device does not have to have any additional thermal insulation or only a relatively low level of additional thermal insulation, so that the heating device is not only more compact than previous ones Heating devices can be designed but is also less expensive. To be more precise, this configuration means that the heat must first be largely absorbed by the Pass heat storage means before a heat loss occurs, whereby heat losses when charging the heat storage means are avoided. The outer insulation then only has to insulate the approximately 200 ° C. of the heat storage means in the fully heated state, as a result of which the heating device can be made much more compact and cost-effective. In addition, the disadvantage of the poor thermal conductivity and high thermal insulation property of the latent heat storage material thus becomes an advantage for the overall efficiency of the heating device.

The heating device according to the invention with heating means and heat storage means, the heat storage means having a latent heat storage material which has at least a first phase change in which latent heat is absorbed or emitted, is characterized in that the heating means are arranged in a space which is in at least one plane of one or more heat storage means is at least partially enclosed.

"Heating means" are any elements that give off heat, be it actively through the heat generated by the heating means, or passively by releasing heat that was previously absorbed by the heating means. For example, it can be electrical heating elements (active heating means). However, it can also be a chimney or the like (passive heating means).

This solution to the particular geometric design of the heating device can be used independently of the specific design of the latent heat storage material. It can thus be latent heat storage materials which have a first phase change and / or a second phase change of the type described above, it being irrelevant at which phase change the latent heat storage material is used in accordance with the operation. Independent protection is therefore claimed for this embodiment, regardless of the specific choice of the latent storage material and its specific properties.

The heat storage means themselves can thus completely or partially surround the heating means. If several heat storage means are used, then it is provided in particular that these directly adjoin one another in the radial direction with respect to the heating means or at least be arranged with an intermediate layer, the intermediate layer preferably having a low thermal conductivity so that thermal bridges are avoided.

In a preferred development it is provided that in a direction inclined to the plane, preferably in a direction perpendicular to this plane, at least one closable opening for the space is arranged, the closure means preferably comprising heat storage means. As a result, the heat generated by the heating means or stored by the heat storage means can simply be given off again to the environment.

In a preferred development it is provided that there are at least two openings which are preferably arranged opposite one another in relation to the plane, in particular perpendicularly opposite one another. As a result, the heat exchange with the environment can be carried out particularly easily.

In a preferred development, it is provided that the plane has a normal which, with respect to the vertical, is in a range from -45 ° to + 45 °, preferably in the range -20 ° to + 20 °, in particular in a range -10 ° to + 10 °, preferably in the vertical, because this allows heat to be extracted from the heating device particularly easily by convection.

In a preferred further development it is provided that the room is designed as a chimney, which preferably has walls that are perpendicular in the vertical direction. As a result, a natural chimney effect can be used to discharge the heat of the heat storage means, so that in principle no additional fan is required and energy can thus be saved when operating the heating device.

In a preferred development it is provided that at least one, preferably all of the heat storage means enclosing the space have at least one heat conduction means which extends from a surface of the heat storage means into the latent heat storage material enclosed by the heat storage means, whereby it is preferably provided that the heat conduction means as one or more after inwardly pointing projections is formed, which preferably point inwardly from a surface section of the heat storage means pointing towards the heating means, the projection being in particular formed as a heat conducting rib. As a result, the heat is introduced into or removed from the heat storage means particularly quickly. The projection is preferably formed on the area with high thermal conductivity and in particular consists of the same material as this area.

In a preferred development it is provided that the latent heat storage material has a first substance or has a mixture that comprises the first substance and at least one second substance, the first substance having at least one first phase change in which latent heat is absorbed or given off, in which no or at least no complete change in the Physical state, in particular no or no complete transition from the solid to the liquid physical state takes place. As a result, there is no change in volume or only a negligible change in volume during the first phase change, so that no damage to the heat storage means is to be feared.

In a preferred development it is provided that the first substance is selected according to the use according to the invention.

In an advantageous development it is provided that the first substance is an alcohol, preferably pentaerythritol.

In an advantageous further development it is provided that the second substance is selected from the group comprising alcohol, sugar alcohol, salt hydrate, adipic acid, dicarboxylic acid and polymeric plastic compounds, preferably erythritol, galactitol, myo-inositol and mannitol.

In an advantageous development it is provided that the first substance has a second phase change, preferably from solid to liquid, which takes place at a temperature of at least 230 ° C, preferably at least 250 ° C, in particular at least 260 ° C.

In an advantageous development it is provided that the first phase change of the first substance takes place at a temperature in the range 130 ° C to 270 ° C, preferably in the range 140 ° C to 240 ° C, in particular in the range 160 ° C to 200 ° C.

In a preferred development it is provided that there is at least one fan which is adapted to supply air from the surroundings of the heating device to the room, the fan preferably being adapted to supply air to the room from below. As a result, more heat can be drawn from the heating device if necessary.

In a preferred development it is provided that at least one heat storage means has a shell in which there is at least one opening into which a lid, preferably a plug, is pressed, because this can ensure the filling and permanent oxygen deprivation without the need for production Heat storage means damage to the latent heat storage material is to be feared.

In an advantageous development it is provided that the heat storage means has a shell which has at least two areas that have different thermal conductivity. One area preferably has high thermal conductivity (preferably at least 150 W / (m * K), in particular at least 180 W / (m * K)) and the other area has low thermal conductivity (preferably at most 100 W / (m * K), in particular at most 50 W / (m * K)). A first area with high thermal conductivity is preferably made of aluminum, copper or the like, while the other area with low thermal conductivity is made of plastic, ceramic or stainless steel. This means that the area with high thermal conductivity can be used to couple the latent heat in and out, and the other area with low thermal conductivity contributes to the insulating effect and prevents thermal bridges.

In an advantageous development, it is provided that the two areas are connected to one another in a non-positive and / or form-fitting manner, the connection preferably being a welded connection, adhesive connection and / or the heat storage means being a crimped (for example a crimped or folded connection of two metal sheets) connection, with the connection is designed in particular gas-tight. As a result, the two areas can be connected particularly easily, with high long-term stability of the latent storage material being ensured.

In an advantageous development it is provided that the heat storage means has at least one heat conduction means which extends from a surface of the heat storage means into the latent heat storage material enclosed by the heat storage means, whereby it is preferably provided that the heat conduction means is designed as one or more inwardly pointing projections which preferably point inward from a surface section of the heat storage means facing towards the heating means, the projection being in particular designed as a heat conducting rib. As a result, the heat is introduced into or removed from the heat storage means particularly quickly. The projection is preferably formed on the area with high thermal conductivity and in particular consists of the same material as this area.

For this particular embodiment of the heat storage means that it has a shell with two different areas with regard to its thermal conductivity, independent protection is claimed regardless of how the specific design of the heating device has, whether it has a special space for the heating means or not and also regardless of whether a latent heat storage material is used which has at least a first phase change in which latent heat is absorbed or released, in which no or at least no complete change in the physical state occurs.

A heat storage means designed in this way can also be used for other applications of heat storage technology. This can be pursued, for example, in the context of stove or chimney construction or as part of waste heat recovery. The heat storage means can be used both in the context of the construction of new ovens and chimneys and in the context of retrofitting existing ovens or chimneys. However, it can also be used in the context of exhaust gas heat storage technology, in particular in the field of industrial process waste heat utilization or craft process waste heat utilization - bakeries as well as primary and forming factories are examples here.

In a preferred development it is provided that the heat storage means are designed as latent heat storage elements which have a tubular shape, preferably a round, oval or angular, in particular cuboid shape, the longitudinal extent of which is vertically oriented. As a result, the heating device can be constructed very simply.

In a preferred development it is provided that the heating means are arranged in a meandering shape in the room, because this results in a particularly uniform and effective heat input into the heat storage elements. The heating means preferably have a resistance heating element because this allows the heating device to be operated particularly easily.

In a preferred development, it is provided that the heating means have a heat conducting element, preferably in the form of a heat conducting plate, at least on one side, at least in some areas, with heat conducting elements being arranged over the entire surface in particular on both sides of the heating means. These heat conducting elements are preferably in direct contact with the heating means. In this way, heat spots can be effectively avoided.

In a preferred development it is provided that the space has a depth in the range 1 to 5 cm, preferably 1 cm to 3 cm, in particular 1.5 cm and / or that the space has a width in the range 30 to 200 cm, preferably 50 cm to 120 cm, in particular 60 cm and / or that the room has a height in the range 30 to 100 cm, preferably 40 cm to 80 cm, in particular 45 cm. As a result, the heating device can be kept particularly compact.

In a preferred development it is provided that the space is surrounded on all sides with respect to a vertical direction by heat storage means which have a depth in the range 1 to 10 cm, preferably 1 cm to 5 cm, in particular 3 cm. This also allows the heating device to be kept particularly compact. The heat storage means preferably have a height of 10 cm to 100 cm, preferably 20 cm to 70 cm, in particular 30 cm to 50 cm. The heat storage means also preferably have a width of 10 cm to 2000 cm, preferably 10 cm to 1000 cm, in particular 10 cm to 100 cm.

In a preferred further development, it is provided that the room is designed in the shape of a cuboid, because this means that the entire heating device itself can be designed in a cuboid shape and can thus be inserted particularly easily into a normal living situation.

1. a) kein Bedarf für Heizwärme durch die Heizvorrichtung besteht und/oder
2. b) zumindest zwei Uhrzeiten bestehen, die mit unterschiedlichen Kosten für einen Stromverbrauch verbunden sind, und eine Uhrzeit vorliegt, bei der die Kosten niedriger sind als zu der anderen Uhrzeit, und/oder
3. c) in einem Leitungsnetz für elektrischen Strom Leistungsspitzen (solche Leitungsspitzen können beispielsweise über intelligente Stromzähler und/oder durch Mitteilung des entsprechenden Netzes von der Steuerung der Heizvorrichtung erkannt werden) vorliegen. Dann ist die Heizvorrichtung besonders gut zur Abpufferung von Leistungsspitzen geeignet.

In a preferred development it is provided that there is a control which is adapted to store heat in the heat storage means when

1. a) there is no need for heating through the heating device and / or
2. b) there are at least two times of the day that are associated with different costs for electricity consumption, and one time of day when the costs are lower than at the other time, and / or
3. c) There are power peaks in a line network for electrical current (such line peaks can be detected, for example, via intelligent electricity meters and / or by notification of the corresponding network by the control of the heating device). Then the heating device is particularly suitable for buffering power peaks.

In case a), a targeted load management can be carried out, in particular when the power output options are too low. In case b) it is possible to save costs. In case c), the network load distribution can be controlled for electrical energy suppliers.

Independent protection is claimed for the method according to the invention for heating with a heating device which has heating means and heat storage means, heat storage means with a latent heat storage material being used which has at least a first phase change in which latent heat is absorbed or emitted, which is characterized in that the heating means are arranged in a space which is at least partially enclosed in at least one plane by one or more heat storage means.

In a preferred development it is provided that the heating device according to the invention is used.

1. a) kein Betrieb der Heizmittel und kein Betrieb eines Lüfters, wobei die Öffnungen zum Raum geöffnet sind; und
2. b) kein Betrieb der Heizmittel bei Betrieb des Lüfters, der Umgebungsluft ansaugt, durch den Raum leitet und in die Umgebung abgibt, wobei die Öffnungen zum Raum geöffnet sind;
3. c) Betrieb zumindest eines Heizmittels mit gleichzeitigem Betrieb des Lüfters, der Umgebungsluft ansaugt, durch den Raum leitet und in die Umgebung abgibt, wobei die Wärmespeichermittel nicht mit latenter Wärme aufgeladen sind, wobei die Öffnungen zum Raum geöffnet sind;
4. d) Betrieb zumindest eines Heizmittels mit gleichzeitigem Betrieb des Lüfters, der Umgebungsluft ansaugt, durch den Raum leitet und in die Umgebung abgibt, wobei die Wärmespeichermittel mit latenter Wärme aufgeladen sind, wobei die Öffnungen zum Raum geöffnet sind;
5. e) Betrieb zumindest eines Heizmittels ohne Betrieb des Lüfters; und
6. f) kein Betrieb der Heizmittel und kein Betrieb des Lüfters, wobei die Öffnungen zum Raum geschlossen sind

durchgeführt wird. Wenn von „die Öffnungen“ gesprochen ist, die „zum Raum geöffnet sind“, dann meint dies bevorzugt, dass zwei zum Raum gegenüberliegende Öffnungen offen sind, so dass Luft durch den Raum geleitet werden kann. Wenn davon gesprochen ist, dass „die Öffnungen zum Raum geschlossen sind“, dann meint dies bevorzugt, dass keine Öffnung zum Raum geöffnet ist.In a preferred development it is provided that at least one of the operating modes:

1. a) no operation of the heating means and no operation of a fan, the openings to the room being open; and
2. b) no operation of the heating means when the fan is in operation, which draws in ambient air, guides it through the room and releases it into the environment, the openings to the room being open;
3. c) operation of at least one heating means with simultaneous operation of the fan, which sucks in ambient air, guides it through the room and releases it into the environment, the heat storage means not being charged with latent heat, the openings to the room being open;
4. d) operation of at least one heating means with simultaneous operation of the fan, which draws in ambient air, guides it through the room and releases it into the environment, the heat storage means being charged with latent heat, the openings to the room being open;
5. e) operating at least one heating means without operating the fan; and
6. f) no operation of the heating means and no operation of the fan, the openings to the room being closed

is carried out. When speaking of “the openings” that are “open to the room”, this preferably means that two openings opposite to the room are open so that air can be passed through the room. When it is said that “the openings to the room are closed”, this preferably means that no opening to the room is open.

Case a) is the normal storage heating mode, in which the heat is slowly withdrawn from the heat storage means, preferably supported by a chimney effect, and released to the environment. The lowest heating output is provided.

Case b) is the supported storage heating mode (“boost mode”), in which the heat is extracted from the heat storage means and given off to the environment particularly quickly. A higher heating power is provided than in case a).

Case c) is the normal heating mode, in particular electric heating mode. A higher heating output is provided than in case b).

Case d) is the assisted heating mode (“turbo boost mode”), in which heat is provided both by the heat storage means and by the heating means, so that the total heat output can be roughly doubled.

Case e) is the heat charging mode in which the heat storage means are charged. In this case, the openings in the room are preferably closed so that as little heat as possible supplied by the heating means is given off into the environment, which minimizes heat losses. If, on the other hand, the openings of the room are open, the environment can slowly heat up.

Case e), finally, is the idle state of the heating device, in which it can be switched off so that neither heat is extracted nor heat is supplied.

• 1 die erfindungsgemäße Heizvorrichtung in einer perspektivischen Ansicht,
• 2 die erfindungsgemäße Heizvorrichtung nach 1 in einer teilweisen Frontansicht,
• 3 die erfindungsgemäße Heizvorrichtung nach 1 in einer teilweisen perspektivischen Seitenansicht,
• 4 a, 4b die erfindungsgemäße Heizvorrichtung nach 1 in Detailansicht von unten,
• 5 die erfindungsgemäße Heizvorrichtung nach 1 in teilweisen Schnittansicht von oben,
• 6 die erfindungsgemäße Heizvorrichtung nach 1 in einer teilweisen perspektivischen Detailansicht,
• 7a, 7b das erfindungsgemäße Latentwärmespeicherelement der erfindungsgemäßen Heizvorrichtung nach 1 in zwei Ansichten und
• 8 die erfindungsgemäße Verwendung in einer Schnittansicht.

The features and further advantages of the present invention will become clear below on the basis of the description of preferred exemplary embodiments in conjunction with the figures. Purely schematically show:

• 1 the heating device according to the invention in a perspective view,
• 2 the heating device according to the invention 1 in a partial front view,
• 3 the heating device according to the invention 1 in a partial perspective side view,
• 4 a , 4b the heating device according to the invention 1 in detailed view from below,
• 5 the heating device according to the invention 1 in partial sectional view from above,
• 6 the heating device according to the invention 1 in a partial perspective detailed view,
• 7a , 7b the latent heat storage element according to the invention of the heating device according to the invention 1 in two views and
• 8th the use according to the invention in a sectional view.

In the 1 to 6 is the heating device according to the invention 10 shown in different views. There are outer walls of the heating device 10 not always shown for better understanding and in the partial views there are also certain elements of the heating device 10 omitted for better understanding.

It can be seen that the heating device 10 a substantially cuboid housing 12th which is only available in 1 is fully shown being in an end wall 14th a control unit 16 is integrated, which communicates with a control unit (not shown) that controls the heating device 10 controls or regulates depending on the desired heating requirement.

In 2 are just the cover 18th and soil 20th of the housing 12th shown while in 3 just the bottom 20th is shown.

It can be seen that the housing 12th the heater 10 on an internal frame 22nd is attached. In this frame 22nd is also the actual heating block 24 (cf. also 6 ) the heater 10 attached, which in the horizontal direction essentially on all sides by thermal insulation 26th is surrounded (this is in 2 shown and in 3 not shown, in 3 the carrier plate 27 for fixing the insulation 26th shown).

Below the heating block 24 is a first duct space 28 and above the heating block 24 a second duct space 30th placed inside the heater 10 only through the heating block 24 itself, namely the space arranged in it 32 be in communication. A communication between the first duct space 28 and the second duct space 30th inside the heater 10 on the heating block 24 passing is through the thermal insulation 26th and possibly further seals (not shown) prevented.

In the first duct space 28 is a fan 34 arranged, the air through in the ground 20th arranged ventilation grille (not shown) sucks and through the first air duct space 28 in the heating block 24 introduces.

The second duct space 30th communicates with ventilation grilles 31 in the housing 12th so that the one from the heating block 24 escaping air or extracted heat into the environment 36 the heater 10 can be delivered.

In 2 and 3 you can see that the heating block 24 in his to the second duct space 30th facing top 38 Closure means 40 for the space 32 has that as a flap 40 is designed, which in its open position stands vertically upwards (cf. 2 and 3 ) and is horizontal in its closed position (not shown). At the top 38 is a carrier plate 38a for fixing the insulation 26th educated. Below the flap 40 and the carrier plate 38a lies the isolation 26th , which is provided with a ventilation grille through ventilation slots (not shown in each case) that penetrate the insulation to prevent contamination 26th are passed through. The ventilation grille and the flap that closes it 40 are along the entire depth T and width B. of the room 32 educated.

The heating block 24 is also at its to the first duct space 28 pointing underside 42 with a carrier plate 42a provided a ventilation grille (not shown) along the entire depth T and width B. of the room 32 having. Between the ventilation grille of the carrier plate 42a and the heat storage means 56 , 56 ' however, no insulation is provided.

Instead there is a locking plate 44 on which the vertically acting horizontal position 26 ' the insulation 26th is located (this horizontal position 26 ' is in 3 not shown, the reference number 26 ' refers to the place where this part is 26 ' the insulation 26th located) against the carrier plate 42a can work.

The one above this locking plate 44 arranged horizontal position 26 ' the insulation 26th shows as below the upper support plate 38a again a ventilation grille 45 through into the insulation 26 ' introduced ventilation slots 45.

The locking plate 44 itself has locking means 46 , 46a for the ventilation slots and thus the room 32 , the closure means 46 , 46a as two opposing slides 46 , 46a are designed as in 4a and 4b can be seen

The flap 40 and the locking plate 44 are driven by their own drives controlled by the control unit 48 , 50 actuated by means of a suitable linkage 52, 53, 54, the linkage 52a or. 54a the flap 40 at the top 38 are assigned and the linkage 52b or. 54b the locking plate 44 on the bottom 42 are assigned (cf. 2 and 3 ). With it the raising or lowering of the locking plate 44 takes place without tilting, the rod part 52b , 54b , each branching into two parallel, firmly connected rod branches 53a , 53b on (cf. 3 ).

The rods are used as described 52b , 54b at the same time, the locking plate 44 opposite the lower support plate 42a lower or raise it, creating an air gap 55 between the lower support plate 42a and locking plate 44 results or this air gap 55 through the isolation 26 ' is locked.

This allows the closing plate in the lowered state 44 Air from the environment 36 the heater through the floor 20th into the heater 10 enter and on the locking plate 44 passing through the air gap 55 in the room 32 occur over its entire cross-section, which results in a particularly good chimney effect. This variant is then used when the fan 34 is not in operation.

When the air gap 55 through the raised locking plate 44 is locked and the slide of the locking plate 44 are closed, then no air can enter the room from below 32 enter.

When the air gap 55 through the raised locking plate 44 is locked and the slide 46 , 46a of the locking plate 44 are open, then air can flow through the operating fan 34 from below into the room 32 enter.

The heating block 24 has a multiplicity of latent heat storage elements 56 , 56 ' on, which are cuboid and with their longitudinal extension L. each extend vertically. The latent heat storage elements 56 , 56 ' are preferably made of metal (see the explanations for 7a , 7b) and contain a latent heat storage material which preferably has pentaerythritol, in particular is provided only with pentaerythritol as PCM with exclusion of oxygen and water, possibly with the inclusion of inert gases as protective gas and / or unfilled areas for volume buffering.

The latent heat storage elements 56 , 56 ' have a height H of 45 cm and a depth t of 3 cm. The width b amounts for the large areas of the room 32 arranged latent heat storage elements 56 10 cm and for those on the front sides of the room 32 arranged latent heat storage elements 56 ' 7.5 cm.

The latent heat storage elements 56 , 56 ' are right next to each other and thus surround the room 32 in one plane E. on all sides (cf. 6 ) so that the room 32 just over the top 38 and the bottom 42 with the environment 36 can communicate. This results in the space 32 a height H of 45 cm, a width B. of 60 cm and a depth T of 1.5 cm.

The slider 46 , 46a are each metal slider. To increase the efficiency of the heating device 10 however, they can also be designed as latent heat storage elements.

Also, the sliders 46 , 46a along the width B. of the room 32 moved so that the effective opening 58 (see. 4b) of the room 32 is less than the width B. of the room. Because this slide 46 , 46a and with it the opening 58 are only open when the fan is running and the fan power is quite high, the relatively smaller opening area is sufficient for this 58 in the locking plate 44 out to still use the entire room 32 to flow through with air.

To this effective opening 58 to enlarge, it could be provided that the slide 46 , 46a along the depth T of the room 32 be moved. On the other hand, instead of the slide 46 , 46a one or more pivotable flaps or the like can also be used here.

Preferably the locking means are 40 for upper carrier plate 38a and the closure means 46 , 46a for the locking plate 44 or the air gap 55 designed and operated so that their synchronous and even opening is ensured to enable convection. More specifically, be either flap 40 and locking plate 44 adjusted synchronously or there are flaps 40 and slide 46 , 46a adjusted synchronously. It could also be with the flap open 40 a change in the opening of the air gap 55 and opening 58 respectively.

For synchronous adjustment of the flap 40 and the locking plate 44 assign the drives 48 , 50 two eccentric discs each 59 , 59a on where the linkage 52a , 52b , 54a , 54b are arranged. This enables the flap to open synchronously 40 together with the lowering of the locking plate 42 , so an opening of the air gap 55 , take place or a synchronous closing of the flap 40 with the lifting of the locking plate 44 , i.e. closing the air gap 55 .

On the other hand, a synchronous adjustment of the flap can also be used 40 and the slide 46 , 46a done with only the linkage 52a , 54a through the drives 48 , 50 are operated and not the linkage 52b , 54b . The slider 46 , 46a become synchronous with the flap 40 driven by suitable drives (not shown, for example in the form of linear motors), these drives the slide 46 , 46a synchronous with the fan 34 be controlled. Thereby the slide 46 , 46a open when the fan 34 is activated and the slide 46 , 46a are closed when the fan 34 is deactivated.

Inside the room 32 is a heating medium 60 in the form of a resistance heating element meandering over the height H and width B. of the room 32 arranged, with the deflections 62 of the heating medium 60 each at the top 38 and bottom 46 of the heating block 24 are located. The design of the heating means 60 is therefore designed similar to an oven heating element. Between the heating means 60 and the inner walls of the room 32 are spacers 64 arranged.

The heat storage means 56 , 56 ' show how in 5 only for a heat storage medium 56 drawn in, heat conduction agent 66 on that as ribs or contact lugs are formed and differ from the to the room 32 facing side surface 68 of the heat storage medium 56 , 56 ' into the interior 70 of the heat storage medium 56 , 56 ' extend. This heat conduction agent 66 can also be made of a metal, preferably aluminum, and with the side surface 68 be welded or otherwise connected. The heat conduction means 66 can be continuous or with interruptions over the entire height H the heat storage means 56 , 56 ' extend. You can also use the width b the heat storage means 56 , 56 ' also several heat conduction agents 66 consist. Through this heat transfer agent 66 the heat supply and the heat discharge from the latent heat storage material is greatly improved.

That in the heat storage means 56 , 56 ' Pentaerythritol used (not shown) has a first phase transition temperature of about 181.7 ° C. and a second phase transition temperature for the phase change from solid to liquid of about 263 ° C., so that the heating device 10 can be operated optimally in the range 0 ° C to 250 ° C.

The latent heat of the first phase transition is 253.4 J / g, which causes the heating device 10 has a very high efficiency. This high efficiency is further improved by the fact that pentaerythritol has only a low thermal conductivity, so that the heat storage elements 56 , 56 ' as insulators for the heating means 60 supplied heat act.

More precisely, it is made by the heating means 60 supplied heat first for the warm-up and the phase change in pentaerythritol and that in the one to the side surface 68 adjacent area, while the other areas of the pentaerythritol act as an insulator. Therefore, the amount of additional insulator used 26th can be significantly reduced compared to conventional heating devices, especially night storage heaters.

The pentaerythritol has a very high cycle stability (> 1000 cycles). In order to increase this even further, the pentaerythritol was included in the latent heat storage elements 56 , 56 ' filled in with the exclusion of oxygen and water. A non-filled additional volume must be in the latent heat storage elements 56 , 56 ' are essentially not provided, whereby the effective amount of PCM can be increased, because pentaerythritol in the temperature range 0 ° C to 250 ° C experiences no change in volume.

In the 7a and 7b is the latent heat storage element according to the invention 56 shown in a preferred embodiment, namely in 7a in a plan view from the front in relation to the heating means 60 and in 7b in a horizontal sectional view.

It can be seen that the latent heat storage element 56 a housing 72 has two different areas 74 , 76 having. The first area 74 is made of aluminum, in particular cast, and has two over the full height H extending thermal fins 66 made of aluminum, which are cast in one piece. The second area 76 is made of stainless steel and has a significantly lower thermal conductivity (approx. 21 W / (m * K)) than the first area 74 (approx. 220 W / (m * K)). The second area 76 encloses the first area 74 laterally complete 8 cf. 7b) . Both areas 74 , 76 are about a fold 78 connected to one another, so that overall a gas-tight connection results and the latent heat storage material inside 70 of the latent heat storage element 56 is introduced and arranged with deoxygenation.

This particular configuration ensures that there are latent heat storage elements between the latent heat storage elements 56 , 56 ' do not form thermal bridges. The latent goods can thus cover the first areas 74 optimally fed to the latent heat storage material and removed again, the latent heat storage material itself and the second areas 76 along with the insulation 26th serve as thermal insulation against heat loss.

Instead of aluminum, copper or another material with high thermal conductivity could also be used for the first area 74 be used. Instead of stainless steel, another alloy steel, another metal alloy, such as bronze, a plastic or a ceramic could also be used for the second area 76 can be used as long as this material has a relatively lower thermal conductivity compared to the first region 74 . The type of connection must then be adapted accordingly, whereby contact corrosion must also be avoided.

The operation of the heating device 10 is explained below.

1. a) kein Betrieb des Heizmittels 60 und kein Betrieb des Lüfters 34, wobei die Klappe 40 an der oberen Trägerplatte 38a und der Luftspalt 55 geöffnet, die Schieber 46, 46a aber geschlossen sind;
2. b) kein Betrieb des Heizmittels 60 bei Betrieb des Lüfters 34, der Umgebungsluft ansaugt, durch den Raum 32 leitet und in die Umgebung 36 abgibt, wobei die Klappe 40 an der oberen Trägerplatte 38a geöffnet, der Luftspalt 55 geschlossen und die Schieber 46, 46a in dem Verschlussblech 44 geöffnet sind;
3. c) Betrieb des Heizmittels 60 mit gleichzeitigem Betrieb des Lüfters 34, der Umgebungsluft ansaugt, durch den Raum 32 leitet und in die Umgebung 36 abgibt, wobei die Wärmespeichermittel 56, 56' nicht mit latenter Wärme aufgeladen sind, wobei die Klappe 40 an der oberen Trägerplatte 38a geöffnet, der Luftspalt 55 geschlossen und die Schieber 46, 46a in dem Verschlussblech 44 geöffnet sind;
4. d) Betrieb des Heizmittels 60 mit gleichzeitigem Betrieb des Lüfters 34, der Umgebungsluft ansaugt, durch den Raum 32 leitet und in die Umgebung 36 abgibt, wobei die Wärmespeichermittel 56, 56' mit latenter Wärme aufgeladen sind, wobei die Klappe 40 an der oberen Trägerplatte 38a geöffnet, der Luftspalt 55 geschlossen und die Schieber 46, 46a in dem Verschlussblech 44 geöffnet sind;
5. e) Betrieb des Heizmittels 60 ohne Betrieb des Lüfters 34; und
6. f) kein Betrieb des Heizmittels 60 und kein Betrieb des Lüfters 34, wobei die Klappe 40 an der oberen Trägerplatte 38a und die Schieber 46, 46a des Verschlussbleches 44 sowie der Luftspalt 55 geschlossen sind.

Based on the switching of heating means 60 , Fan 34 and closure means 40 , 46 , 46a and the position of the locking plate 44 different operating states can be set as required:

1. a) no operation of the heating medium 60 and no fan operation 34 , with the flap 40 on the upper support plate 38a and the air gap 55 open the gate 46 , 46a but are closed;
2. b) no operation of the heating medium 60 when the fan is running 34 that sucks in ambient air the room 32 directs and into the environment 36 releases, with the flap 40 on the upper support plate 38a open, the air gap 55 closed and the slide 46 , 46a in the locking plate 44 are open;
3. c) Operation of the heating medium 60 with simultaneous operation of the fan 34 sucking in ambient air through the room 32 directs and into the environment 36 releases, wherein the heat storage means 56 , 56 ' not charged with latent heat, the flap 40 on the upper support plate 38a open, the air gap 55 closed and the slide 46 , 46a in the locking plate 44 are open;
4. d) Operation of the heating medium 60 with simultaneous operation of the fan 34 sucking in ambient air through the room 32 directs and into the environment 36 releases, wherein the heat storage means 56 , 56 ' are charged with latent heat, the flap 40 on the upper support plate 38a open, the air gap 55 closed and the slide 46 , 46a in the locking plate 44 are open;
5. e) Operation of the heating medium 60 without operating the fan 34 ; and
6. f) no operation of the heating medium 60 and no fan operation 34 , with the flap 40 on the upper support plate 38a and the slider 46 , 46a of the locking plate 44 as well as the air gap 55 are closed.

Case a) is the normal storage heating mode, in which the heat is generated slowly, preferably supported by a chimney effect in the room 32 itself, the heat storage means 56 , 56 ' withdrawn and to the environment 36 is delivered. The lowest heating output is provided.

Case b) is the supported storage heating mode ("boost mode"), in which the heat is transferred particularly quickly to the heat storage medium 56 , 56 ' withdrawn and to the environment 36 is delivered. A higher heating power is provided than in case a).

Case c) is the normal heating mode, in particular electric heating mode. It has a higher heating output than in the case b ) provided

Case d) is the supported heating mode ("Turbo Boost mode"), in which both the heat storage means 56 , 56 ' as well as by the heating means 60 Heat provided and into the environment 36 is released, so that the overall heat output can be roughly doubled.

Case e) is the heat charging mode in which the heat storage means 56 , 56 ' to be charged. In this case the flap 40 on the upper support plate 38a and the slider 46 , 46a of the locking plate 44 as well as the air gap 55 preferably closed, so that as little as possible through the heating means 60 heat supplied to the environment 36 is released, whereby the heat losses are minimized. When the flap 40 on the upper support plate 38a as well as the air gap 55 on the other hand, if they are open, the environment can slowly heat up 36 be made.

Finally, case f) is the idle state of the heating device 10 , in which this can be switched off so that neither heat is extracted nor heat is added.

It can be seen that the fan is switched on 34 not mandatory and only required in the supported storage heating mode or "boost mode" and in the supported heating mode or "turbo boost mode" so that the heating device can be operated very efficiently.

The control unit matches the heat demand of the surroundings of the heating device 10 that have a temperature sensor 71 is determined, which is compared with a set target value, with the amount of heat stored in the heat storage means 56 , 56 ' and the availability of cheap electricity or power peaks in the electricity network (this can be done, for example, by signals from an intelligent electricity meter), which can achieve cost savings of around 60 to 80% compared to normal direct heating.

In the example shown, the heating device according to the invention 10 With a height of 60 cm, a width of 70 cm and a depth of 14 cm, it is much more compact than comparable heating devices and in particular also as known night storage heaters.

Such night storage heaters, which have been used since the 1950s to achieve constant utilization of base load power plants by using electricity to heat up the night storage heaters in low-load phases, especially at night, in order to store heat in fireclay bricks, which are then released again by means of blowers if necessary could, have only a relatively limited heat storage capacity, so that a large amount of firebricks must be used, which is connected to a large mass. In addition, relatively high temperatures of approx. 500 ° C to 650 ° C are required for heating (charging) the heat accumulators, which make handling difficult. In addition, charging takes a long time and is also very inefficient, as it involves at least 20% heat loss.

By the heating device according to the invention 10 On the other hand, heat storage can be carried out very quickly and efficiently. More precisely, because of these high core temperatures, night storage heaters are at least approx. 30% less efficient compared to the heating device according to the invention 10 , the heat quality of the night storage heaters is poor, as the ambient air is passed through storage elements with a temperature of up to 650 ° C and the dust is carbonized, which also leads to black walls, and such night storage heaters have very large masses of up to 350 kg, while heating device according to the invention 10 weighs only about ... kg with the same performance. In addition, the heating device according to the invention 10 as a plug-and-play device that can be used directly by the consumer, while a night storage heater always has to be set up by a specialist. Therefore, the heating device according to the invention 10 overall a price advantage of around 25% to 50% compared to a comparable night storage heater.

Instead of the separate formation of air gaps 55 and opening 58 through the movable locking plate 44 and the slider 46 , 46a on the locking plate 44 could also have a single closable opening (not shown) across the entire width B. and depth T of the room 32 be provided, for example by being attached to the lower support plate 42a also a flap 40 as on the upper carrier plate 38a is provided.

In 8th is a preferred exemplary embodiment for the use according to the invention of the latent heat storage material according to the invention or the heat storage means according to the invention 56 shown.

It can be seen that a fireplace 100 in the usual way with a fireplace 102 going through a flap 104 is closable, an exhaust pipe 106 (leads up to a chimney, not shown) by insulation 108 is surrounded, and an outer case 110 consists.

In addition, this fireplace has 100 in the area of its exhaust pipe 106 and around the hearth 102 an annulus 112 on that for isolation 108 towards a plurality of heat storage means arranged in a ring 56 is surrounded.

The annulus 112 is with an air duct 114 connected to an air inlet 116 and an air outlet 118 owns, being in the air inlet 116 a fan 120 which is coupled to a controller (not shown) which in turn controls the temperature of the exhaust pipe 106 determined by means of a temperature sensor (not shown) and the fan 120 controls accordingly.

The hot exhaust air from the fireplace 102 is through the exhaust pipe 106 into the open (not shown) of an installation site 122 of the fireplace 100 derived, whereby a substantial part of the generated heat of combustion is normally lost.

In the fireplace according to the invention 100 this heat is now made usable in that this heat is at least partially in the heat storage means 56 stored and, if necessary, back in the fireplace 100 surrounding space 122 is released through the air outlet 118 .

The heat dissipation can passively only through convection between the air inlet 116 and air outlet 118 respectively. Alternatively, the fan could also be used to provide a boost function 120 which can be activated by the controller by taking a room temperature value.

In the event that the temperature of the exhaust pipe 106 is too large and thereby damage to the latent heat storage material in the heat storage means 56 threatens the fan 120 switched on by the control to the heat input into the heat storage means 56 by supplying cold air into the annulus 112 to throttle. The heat storage means 56 in turn act as a thermal insulator themselves and thus support the function of the insulation 108 so that the fireplace according to the invention 100 has a high efficiency.

In addition, there could also be flaps in the air inlet 116 and / or air outlet 118 exist, which may also be operated via the controller to control the air flow in the annulus 112 targeted.

Again, both the heat storage means according to the invention 56 with the different areas 74 , 76 can be used as well as the latent heat storage material according to the invention, but none of these solutions according to the invention or only one of them could be used.

From the above illustration it has become clear that the present invention provides a heating device 10 is provided with the power peaks in a power grid can be efficiently eliminated and / or heating costs can be reduced. In addition, targeted load management can be operated and a boost mode is possible. It also has a heater 100 provided, with the waste heat is specifically used for heating, so that the heating device 100 has a high efficiency. The heat storage means are subject to this 56 , 56 ' no risk of deformation or splitting. The The PCM used for this is cycle-stable and the heating device 10 is simple and space-saving and can be manufactured inexpensively.

Unless otherwise stated, all features of the present invention can be freely combined with one another. Unless otherwise stated, the features described in the description of the figures can also be freely combined with the other features as features of the invention. A restriction of individual features of the exemplary embodiment to the combination with other features of the exemplary embodiment is expressly not intended. In addition, objective features, reformulated, can also be used as process features and process features, reformulated, as objective features. Such a reformulation is therefore automatically disclosed.

List of reference symbols

10

heating device according to the invention

12

cuboid housing

14th

Front wall

16

Control unit

18th

cover

20th

ground

22nd

frame located in the housing

24

A heating block comprising heat storage means 56 , 56 ' and heating means 60

26th

thermal insulation

26 '

thermal insulation

27

Thermal insulation support plate 26th

28

first duct space

30th

second duct space

31

Ventilation grille in the housing 12th

32

in the heating block 24 existing space

34

Fan

36

Surroundings of the heater 10

38

Top of the heating block 24

38a

Support plate for insulation 26th

40

Closure means for the room 32 , Flap on carrier plate 38a

42

Bottom of the heating block 24

42a

Support plate for insulation 26th

44

Closure means for space 32 , Locking plate

46, 46a

Closure means for space 32 , Slider on locking plate 44

48, 50

Drives for locking means

52a, 52b

Linkage

53a, 53b

Rod branches of the rod parts 52b , 54b

54a, 54b

Linkage

55

Air gap between carrier plate 46a and locking plate 47

56, 56 '

Latent heat storage elements, heat storage means

58

effective air intake in the room 32 in locking plate 44

59, 59a

Eccentric disks of the drives 48 , 50

60

Heating means, resistance heating element

62

Deflections of the heating medium 60

64

Spacers

66

Heat conduction means, heat conduction ribs of the first area 74

68

to the room 32 facing side surface of the heat storage means 56 , 56 '

70

Inside of the heat storage means 56 , 56 '

71

Temperature sensor

72

Housing of the latent heat storage element 56

74

first area of the housing 72 , Aluminum

76

second area of the housing 72 , Stainless steel

78

Fold

100

stack

102

Fireplace

104

flap

106

Exhaust pipe

108

thermal insulation

110

outer case

112

Annulus

114

Air duct

116

Air inlet

118

Air outlet

120

Fan

122

the fireplace 100 surrounding space

b

Width of the latent heat storage elements 56 , 56 '

B.

Width of the room 32

E.

horizontal section through the heating block 24

H

Height of the latent heat storage elements 56 , 56 ' , Height of the room

L.

Longitudinal extension

t

Depth of the latent heat storage elements 56 , 56 '

T

Depth of space 32

QUOTES INCLUDED IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant was generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Patent literature cited

• DE 102018135254 [0002]
• DE 202018107362 [0002]

Claims (16)

Use of a first substance as latent heat storage material or a mixture comprising the first substance and at least one second substance as latent heat storage material, characterized in that the first substance has at least a first phase change in which latent heat is absorbed or given off, in which no or at least no complete change in the physical state takes place. Use after Claim 1 , characterized in that the first substance comprises alcohol, preferably pentaerythritol and / or that the second substance is selected from the group comprising sugar alcohol, salt hydrate, adipic acid, dicarboxylic acid and polymeric plastic compounds, preferably erythrithol, glactitol, myo-inositol and mannitol. Use after Claim 1 or 2 , characterized in that the first substance has a second phase change, preferably from solid to liquid, which takes place at a temperature of at least 230 ° C, preferably at least 250 ° C, in particular at least 260 ° C and / or that the first phase change of the first Substance at a temperature in the range 130 ° C to 270 ° C, preferably in the range 140 ° C to 240 ° C, in particular in the range 160 ° C to 200 ° C. Use according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the latent heat storage material is used in the context of furnace or chimney construction (100) or waste heat utilization, preferably exhaust heat storage technology, in particular in the field of industrial process waste heat utilization or craft process waste heat utilization and / or that the latent heat storage material is used in at least one heat storage means (56, 56 ') is present, the heat storage means (56, 56') preferably having a shell (72) which has at least two areas (74, 76) which have different thermal conductivity, in particular one area (74) being a high thermal conductivity and the other area (76) has low thermal conductivity, the two areas (74, 76) preferably being connected to one another in a non-positive and / or form-fitting manner (78). Heating device (10; 100) with heating means (60; 106) and heat storage means (56, 56 '; 56), the heat storage means (56, 56'; 56) having a latent heat storage material which has at least a first phase change in which latent heat is received or released, characterized in that the heating means (60; 106) are arranged in a space (32; 112) which is at least partially in at least one plane (E) of one or more heat storage means (56, 56 '; 56) is enclosed. Heating device (10) after Claim 5 , characterized in that in a direction inclined to the plane (E), preferably in a direction perpendicular to this plane (E), at least one closable opening (55, 58) for the space (32) is arranged, the closure means preferably comprise heat storage means. Heating device (10) after Claim 6 , characterized in that there are at least two openings (55, 58) which, with respect to the plane (E), are preferably arranged opposite one another, in particular perpendicularly opposite one another. Heater after Claim 5 to 7th , characterized in that the plane has a normal which, in relation to the vertical, is in a range from -45 ° to + 45 °, preferably in the range -20 ° to + 20 °, in particular in a range -10 ° to + 10 °, preferably extends vertically and / or that the space (32; 106) is designed as a chimney, which preferably has walls that are perpendicular in the vertical direction. Heating device (10) according to one of the Claims 5 to 8th , characterized in that at least one, preferably all of the heat storage means (56, 56 ', 56) surrounding the space (32; 106) have at least one heat conduction means (66) that from a surface (74) of the heat storage means (56, 56', 56) extends into the latent heat storage material enclosed by the heat storage means (56, 56 ', 56), whereby it is preferably provided that the heat conduction means (66) is designed as an inwardly pointing projection, which preferably extends from a protrusion pointing to the heating means (60; 106) Surface section (74) of the heat storage means (56, 56 ', 56) faces inwards (70), the projection (66) being designed in particular as a heat conducting rib. Heating device (10; 106) according to one of the Claims 5 to 9 , characterized in that the latent heat storage material has a first substance or a mixture comprising the first substance and at least one second substance, wherein the first substance has a phase change in which no or at least no complete transition from the solid to the liquid aggregate state he follows. Heating device (10; 100) according to one of the Claims 5 to 9 , characterized in that the first substance accordingly Claim 2 or 3 is selected and / or that there is at least one fan (34; 120) which is adapted to supply air from the surroundings (36; 122) of the heating device (10; 100) to the space (32; 112), the fan (34 ; 120) is preferably adapted to supply air to the space (32; 112) from below. Heating device (10; 100) according to one of the Claims 5 to 11 , characterized in that at least one heat storage means has a shell in which there is at least one opening into which a cover, preferably a plug, is pressed, and / or which has at least two areas (74, 76) which have different thermal conductivity, wherein in particular one area (74) has a high thermal conductivity and the other area (76) has a low thermal conductivity, the two areas (74, 76) preferably being connected to one another in a non-positive and / or form-fitting manner (78). Heat storage element (56, 56 ') with a shell (72) in which a latent heat storage material is arranged which has at least a first phase change in which latent heat is absorbed or released, characterized in that the shell (72) has at least two areas (74, 76) which have different thermal conductivity, in particular one area (74) has high thermal conductivity and the other area (76) has low thermal conductivity, the two areas (74, 76) preferably being force and / or or are positively connected (78). Method for heating with a heating device (10; 100), the heating means (60; 106) and heat storage means (56, 56 ', 56), wherein heat storage means (56, 56', 56) are used with a latent heat storage material, the at least one having first phase change in which latent heat is absorbed or released, characterized in that the heating means (56, 56 ', 56) are arranged in a space (32; 112) which is in at least one plane (E) of one or more Heat storage means is at least partially enclosed. Procedure according to Claim 14 , characterized in that the heating device (10; 100) according to one of the Claims 5 to 12th is used. Method according to one of the Claims 14 or 15th , characterized in that at least one of the operating modes: a) no operation of the heating means (60) and no operation of a fan (34), the openings (55) to the space (32) being open; and b) no operation of the heating means (60) when the fan (34) is in operation, which draws in ambient air, guides it through the room (32) and releases it into the environment (36), the openings (58) to the room (32) being open are; c) Operation of at least one heating means (60) with simultaneous operation of the fan (34), which draws in ambient air, guides it through the room (32) and releases it into the environment (36), the heat storage means (56, 56 ') not having latent Are heat charged with the openings (58) open to the space (32); d) operation of at least one heating means (60) with simultaneous operation of the fan (34), which draws in ambient air, guides it through the space (32) and releases it into the environment (36), the heat storage means (56, 56 ') with latent heat are charged with the openings (58) open to the space (32); e) operating at least one heating means (60) without operating the fan (34); and f) no operation of the heating means (60) and no operation of the fan (34) is carried out, the openings (55, 58) to the space (32) being closed.

Images