DE102018102024A1 - Rotary electric machine with internal rotor design for converting mechanical energy into electrical energy or vice versa - Google Patents

Abstract

Rotary electric machine in Innenläuferausfiihrung for converting mechanical energy into electrical energy or vice versa, comprising a stator, a rotor inside the machine, which is enclosed by the stator and rotationally fixed or rotatably mounted on or on a rotatably mounted drive / driven shaft or can be arranged so that the drive Output shaft including the rotor is rotatable about an axis of rotation R, and a rotor cooling device, which is designed to lead cooling medium along at least a portion of the inner surface and / or through at least a part of the interior of the rotor for heat dissipation mainly by heat flow or in the To bring near the inner surface of the rotor for heat dissipation by heat radiation.

Description

The present invention relates to rotary electric machines in Innenläuferausfiihrung for the conversion of mechanical energy into electrical energy or vice versa. For example, it may be electric generators (electric generators) and electric motors. Basically, for electric motors and electric generators, higher speeds mean that smaller designs with higher power densities can be used. However, higher power densities also involve higher temperatures. The rising temperatures increase the losses and decrease the efficiency. By more efficient cooling, the efficiency could be further improved.

The present invention is therefore based on the object, a rotating electric machine in internal rotor design for the conversion of mechanical energy into electrical energy or vice versa with a more efficient cooling, in particular rotor cooling to provide.

According to the invention, this object is achieved according to a first aspect by a rotating electric machine in Innenläuferausfiihrung for converting mechanical energy into electrical energy or vice versa, comprising: a stator, a rotor inside the machine, which is enclosed by the stator and rotatably on or on a rotatable mounted drive input shaft or is arranged, so that the drive / output shaft including the rotor about an axis of rotation R is rotatable, and a rotor cooling means, which is designed to lead cooling medium along at least a part of the inner surface and / or through at least a part of the interior of the rotor for heat dissipation mainly by heat flow (convection) or in the vicinity of the inner surface of the rotor for to bring heat removal by thermal radiation.

For heat dissipation, heat radiation and / or heat conduction can be used in addition to the heat flow. A cooling over heat radiation can z. B. be useful in a vacuum operation of the rotating electric machine. The cooling medium can, for. B. a liquid such. As water or oil, or a gas such. As air or helium.

Furthermore, this object is achieved according to a second aspect by a rotary electric machine in internal rotor design for converting mechanical energy into electrical energy or vice versa, comprising a stator, a stator housing, a Statorkühleinrichtung comprising a fixedly connected to the stator stator sleeve for cooling the stator and an optional water cooling device, comprising a cooling jacket for cooling the stator housing and indirectly also the stator sleeve or the stator, a rotor in the interior of the machine, which is enclosed by the stator and rotatably mounted on a rotatably mounted drive / driven shaft or can be arranged, so that the drive / Output shaft including the rotor about an axis of rotation R is rotatable, and a separation hood which hermetically separates the rotor from the stator, wherein the drive / output shaft has a free shaft end and the rotor is plugged or pluggable on the free shaft end and cup-shaped, preferably wherein the stator sleeve stator cooling channels.

In the rotary electric machine can be provided that the rotor is multi-walled, in particular double-walled, designed. Alternatively or additionally, devices for surface enlargement may be provided.

Advantageously, the rotor cooling device comprises at least two rotor cooling channels. The term "rotor cooling passages" should also include, for example, "rotor cooling bores".

Advantageously, the rotor cooling passages extend close to the outer diameter of the rotor in order to achieve a high cooling effect for the magnets. Preferably, the rotor cooling channels are distributed symmetrically and / or in alignment with the rotor axis over the rotor.

According to a particular embodiment, the drive / output shaft has a free shaft end and the rotor is plugged or plugged onto the free shaft end. Instead of the connector, other types of connection can be used.

In particular, it can be provided that the rotor is cup-shaped.

In this case, the bottom of the cup-shaped rotor can be designed to be plugged onto the free end of the shaft. Instead of the connector, other types of connection can be used.

According to a further particular embodiment of the present invention, the rotor cooling device further comprises a fixed hollow cooling nozzle, which extends in the direction of the axis of rotation of the rotor extending from the open side of the cup-like rotor into the cup interior and with its end facing away from the rotor with a cooling medium source for feeding of cooling medium is connected or connectable, and a Kühlmediumauslass for discharging the cooling medium to Outside of the machine. Quite generally, in an open cooling system, in particular when no forced cooling is provided, for example, an external fan or an external pump may be provided.

In particular, it may be provided that the rotor facing the end of the cooling nozzle is open and are on the outside of the cooling nozzle rib or blade-like projections for forced cooling. In general, for example, a mechanical gas compressor, such. As a turbine wheel, a propeller, a screw compressor, etc., are used. Through the open end of the cooling nozzle, a cooling medium, such. As cooling gas, are guided in the rotor or the rotor sleeve.

Conveniently, the projections extend at an angle α in a range of 0 ° to 45 ° to the longitudinal axis of the cooling nozzle. Particularly preferred is the angle α about 10 °. About the angle and / or the distance of the projections / blades and / or the distance to the rotor or to the rotor sleeve, the cooling capacity can be adjusted.

Alternatively, the rotor-facing end of the cooling nozzle may be closed.

Again alternatively, the rotor-facing end of the cooling nozzle may be open and the machine may include a separation hood which hermetically separates the rotor from the stator and extends between the rotor and the cooling nozzle so that the cooling medium does not pass to the rotor but to the separation hood.

According to a further particular embodiment of the present invention it can be provided that the rotor cooling device further comprises a fixed cooling nozzle which extends in the direction of the axis of rotation of the rotor extending from the open side of the cup-like rotor into the cup interior and whose rotor-facing end is closed and on its outside rib-like or blade-like projections for forced cooling has. In particular, it can be a solid shaft and the cooling medium can be passed over the or a then perforated bottom of the rotor or the rotor sleeve.

Conveniently, the projections extend at an angle α in a range of 0 ° to 45 ° to the longitudinal axis of the cooling nozzle. Particularly preferred is the angle α about 10 °. About the angle and / or the distance of the projections / blades and / or the distance to the rotor or to the rotor sleeve, the cooling capacity can be adjusted.

Conveniently, the machine further comprises a stator cooling device for cooling the stator.

In particular, it can be provided that the stator cooling device of the rotor cooling device is connected downstream.

In addition, it can be provided that the stator cooling device is formed integrally with the rotor cooling device.

Advantageously, the stator cooling device has an external fluid cooling device, in particular a water cooling device.

Advantageously, the stator cooling device has a stator sleeve placed around the stator, preferably with stator cooling channels. For example, "stator cooling holes" should also be understood to mean "stator cooling holes".

Advantageously, the stator sleeve is designed as a heat exchanger ring.

According to another particular embodiment of the present invention can be provided that the drive / output shaft is mounted on both sides and the rotor rotatably on the drive / output shaft, this enclosing, is arranged.

Advantageously, the forced cooling device has rib-shaped and / or blade-like projections between the drive / driven shaft and the rotor. In general, z. B. a mechanical gas compressor, such as. As a turbine wheel, a propeller, a screw compressor, etc., are used.

The projections (cooling medium compressing components) are firmly connected in a particular embodiment with the or a stator housing.

Conveniently, the projections extend at an angle α in a range of 0 ° to 45 ° to the longitudinal axis of the cooling nozzle. Particularly preferred is the angle α about 10 °. About the angle and / or the distance of the projections / blades and / or the distance to the rotor or to the rotor sleeve, the cooling capacity can be adjusted. Advantageously, the rotor cooling device is designed as an open internal forced cooling device with a cooling medium inlet for supplying a cooling medium from the outside of the machine and a cooling medium outlet for discharging the cooling medium for passing through the rotor and optionally also the stator.

Alternatively it can be provided that the rotor cooling device is designed as a closed internal forced cooling device.

Expediently, the machine further comprises a stator cooling device connected downstream, preferably downstream of the rotor cooling device, preferably integrally therewith.

Likewise expediently, the stator cooling device has an external fluid cooling device, in particular a water cooling device.

Furthermore, it can be provided that the stator cooling device has a stator sleeve placed around the stator, preferably with stator cooling channels.

Finally, it can be provided that the stator sleeve is designed as a heat exchanger ring.

The present invention is based on the surprising finding that the efficiency of the rotating electrical machine can be increased by the special rotor cooling and / or special stator cooling.

At least in one particular embodiment, the rotary electric machine does not require a gearbox (gearless) and / or a clutch (clutchless) and / or no dedicated bearing.

• - eine rotierende elektrische Maschine, die ohne eigene Lagerung auf vorhandene freie Wellenenden einer anderen Maschine aufgesteckt werden kann und damit als magnetische Kupplung ohne direkte mechanische Verbindung wirkt,
• - eine rotierende elektrsiche Mschine, die zusätzlich auch ein mechanisches Getriebe ersetzen kann, und
• - eine rotierende Maschine, die diverse Kupplungsarten, wie. Z. B. Keilriemen, Sternkupplung etc., ersetzen kann, sodass damit mindestens zwei zusätzliche Lagerungen entfallen.

In particular embodiments, z. B. provided:

• - A rotating electrical machine that can be plugged without own storage on existing free shaft ends of another machine and thus acts as a magnetic coupling without direct mechanical connection,
• - a rotating electric machine, which can also replace a mechanical gear, and
• - a rotating machine, the various types of couplings, such as. For example, V-belt, star coupling, etc., can replace, so that accounts for at least two additional bearings.

• 1 eine rotierende elektrische Maschine gemäß einer ersten besonderen Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung mit der Option innere Gaskühlung über Zwangskühlung (ohne externen Lüfter) und ohne Wasserkühlung;
• 2 eine rotierende elektrische Maschine gemäß einer zweiten besonderen Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung mit der Option Trennhaube, innere Gaskühlung ohne externen Lüfter und ohne Wasserkühlung;
• 3 eine rotierende elektrische Maschine gemäß einer dritten besonderen Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung mit der Option einer geschlossenen inneren Zwangskühlung und integrierter Wasserkühlung;
• 4 eine rotierende elektrische Maschine gemäß einer vierten besonderen Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung mit der Option Wasserkühlung und innerer Kühlung mit Stutzen über Strahlungswärme;
• 5 eine rotierende elektrische Maschine gemäß einer fünften besonderen Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung mit der Option der Trennhaube ohne Rotorkühlung und der Stator-Wasserkühlung;
• 6 eine rotierende elektrische Maschine gemäß einer sechsten besonderen Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung;
• 7 eine rotierende elektrische Maschine gemäß einer siebten besonderen Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung;
• 8 eine Detailschnittansicht und zwei Schnittansichten entlang der Linie A-A' von einem Rotor einer rotierenden elektrischen Maschine gemäß weiteren besonderen Ausführungsformen der vorliegenden Erfindung; und
• 9 eine Schnittansicht und eine Schnittansicht entlang der Linie A-A' von einer Statorhülse einer rotierenden elektrischen Maschine gemäß einer weiteren besonderen Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung.

Further features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the appended claims and from the following description in which several embodiments are explained in detail with reference to the schematic drawings. Showing:

• 1 a rotating electrical machine according to a first particular embodiment of the present invention with the option of internal gas cooling via forced cooling (without external fan) and without water cooling;
• 2 a rotating electrical machine according to a second particular embodiment of the present invention with the option separation hood, inner gas cooling without external fan and without water cooling;
• 3 a rotary electric machine according to a third particular embodiment of the present invention with the option of a closed internal forced cooling and integrated water cooling;
• 4 a rotating electrical machine according to a fourth particular embodiment of the present invention with the option water cooling and internal cooling with nozzles over radiant heat;
• 5 a rotary electric machine according to a fifth particular embodiment of the present invention with the option of the separation hood without rotor cooling and the stator water cooling;
• 6 a rotary electric machine according to a sixth specific embodiment of the present invention;
• 7 a rotary electric machine according to a seventh particular embodiment of the present invention;
• 8th a detail sectional view and two sectional views along the line A-A ' from a rotor of a rotary electric machine according to other particular embodiments of the present invention; and
• 9 a sectional view and a sectional view taken along the line A-A ' of a stator sleeve of a rotary electric machine according to another particular embodiment of the present invention.

The in the 1 shown rotating electric machine 100 in Innenläuferausfiihrung for the conversion of mechanical energy into electrical energy or vice versa comprises a stator 2 and a rotor 4 inside the machine 100 , from the stator 2 is enclosed. The rotor 4 is cup-shaped. His bottom 4a is on a free shaft end 5a a drive / output shaft 5 plugged.

In addition, the machine points 100 a rotor cooling device on which a fixed hollow cooling nozzle 3 moving in the direction of the axis of rotation R of the rotor 4 extending from the open side of the cup-like rotor 4 into the cup interior extends into and from the rotor 4 opposite end 3a is connected or connectable with a cooling medium source (not shown) for supplying cooling medium, and a cooling medium outlet 19 for discharging the cooling medium to the outside of the machine 100 having. More specifically, the machine points 100 in this example a stator housing 1 from, over the Kühlmediumauslass 19 Cooling medium can be discharged to the outside of the machine. On the outside surface 3c that to the rotor 4 clever end 3b of the cooling nozzle 3 rib-like projections extend 7 for a forced cooling. By a relative movement between the rotor 4 and the projections 7 will that be in the 1 from the right into the cooling connection 3 directed cooling medium at the end of the cooling nozzle 3 in the gap 22 between the outer surface of the cooling nozzle 3 and the inner surface 4b of the rotor 4 sucked in and out of the cup-like rotor 4 in 1 pressed to the right. This can still be done by an impeller 8th That on the cooling neck 3 sits, be strengthened. The cooling medium then continues to move - as indicated by the arrows - through a gap 13 between the one with a magnetic bandage 15 provided outer surface 4c of the rotor 4 and the inner surface 2a of the stator 2 as well as parallel through a stator sleeve 9 in the outer area of the stator 2 to the cooling medium outlet 19 , There is thus a forced cooling of the rotor 4 and the stator 2 under supply of a cooling medium, such as. B. a cooling gas, from the outside. For this purpose, neither an external pump nor an external fan (or external fan) are used in this example. The magnetic bandage 15 contains permanent magnets. Due to the internal cooling, the permanent magnets of the magnetic bandage remain 15 cooled and can the gap 13 between the rotor 4 and the stator 2 be designed optimally regardless of the cooling requirements.

With pure air cooling is via the cooling nozzle 3 sucked in filtered air and leaves the machine 100 or the electric motor via the Kühlmediumauslass 19 ,

In this particular embodiment, the protrusions 7 and the impeller 8th firmly connected to the cooling nozzle. The cooling nozzle 3 is again exemplary with the stator housing 1 firmly and centered connected as well as in the rotatable rotor 4 guided. The stator housing 1 is again exemplified centered on a drive or driven housing 6 screwed.

The gap 13 Can be designed very flexible (small gap or thick-walled thermally insulating bandages), because no external rotor cooling is needed.

By dispensing with its own rotor bearing is the machine 100 (Electric motor / electric generator) very compact and inexpensive to produce and also less lossy.

The in the 2 shown machine 100 also has a cooling nozzle 3 with one to the rotor 4 open end 3b on. The cup-like rotor 4 However, by a correspondingly shaped, preferably non-ferritic, separation hood 12 hermetically sealed. In other words, by, for example, attaching the, preferably thin-walled, separating hood 12 the stator area is completely hermetically sealed. As a result, only the stator is due to the cooling medium 2 and the divider 12 directly cooled. The rotor 4 itself becomes only indirectly over the (cooled) separation hood 12 cooled. In addition, there is no forced cooling, but is the cooling medium, such. B. cooling gas, for example via a fan (not shown) in the machine and out of this out again. Accordingly, the projections are missing 7 and the impeller 8th from 1 , Optionally, a water cooling device 11 be provided with the advantage that then a small external cooling must be done via an external fan and the heat energy of the water can be used eg directly for heating purposes.

The in the 3 The embodiment shown has a rotor forced circulating air cooling (closed internal forced cooling) and an (integrated) stator water cooling. More specifically, the rotor cooling device has a fixed cooling nozzle 3 on, moving in the direction of the axis of rotation R of the rotor 4 extending from the open side of the cup-shaped rotor 4 extends into the cup inside and its end facing the rotor 3b is closed as well as on its outer surface 3c ribbed or blade-like projections 7 as well as an impeller 8th having. Just like the one in the 1 the embodiment shown is the impeller 8th at the level of the top edge of the side cup of the rotor 4 , As can be seen from the flow arrows in the 3 results, it is a closed cooling system and the cooling medium by a relative movement between the (rotating) rotor 4 and the projections 7 and the impeller 8th inside through rotor cooling holes 9a in the ground 4a of the rotor 4 and a gap (annular gap) between the cooling nozzle 3 and the rotor 4 axially along the inner surface 4b of the rotor, out of the rotor 4 out and then in the opposite direction by axially extending holes 9a in the stator sleeve 9 guided. After leaving the stator 2 the flow direction of the cooling medium reverses again and flows a part of the cooling medium in the gap 13 between the stator 2 and the rotor 4 and another part in the gap 22 between the rotor and the cooling pipe back. Through the water cooler 11 in the area of the stator sleeve 9 will allow that the cooling medium, for example cooling air, can be driven as "circulating air" cooled over the stator sleeve inside the machine and thus eliminating cooling air filtering.

The in the 4 embodiment shown has a rotor cooling by means of radiation (internal cooling via radiant heat) and without "circulating air" on. The cooling nozzle 3 is here as well as the water cooling device (eg cooling jacket) 11 preferably cooled with water, whereby a simple heat dissipation to other consumers (eg heating) is possible. The embodiment is suitable, for example, in a vacuum operation of the machine. A rotor cooling takes place via radiant heat between the rotor 4 and a cooling nozzle cooled, for example, with air or water 3 , Unlike the one in the 1 shown embodiment are then no projections 7 , no impeller 8th and no Kühlmediumauslass 19 needed. The cooling nozzle 3 is at his to the rotor 4 clever end 3b closed.

The in the 5 embodiment shown has no rotor cooling, but only a stator cooling and a separation hood 12 on that the rotor 4 completely surrounds and hermetically seals off. This application is very simple and comes with lower power density and the essential goal of hermetic separation to fruition. It can also make sense if, for example, the drive shaft 5 is relatively cold due to the application and thus takes over the cooling. However, its outer contour is not on the cup-shaped shape of the rotor 4 customized. More specifically, the includes in the 5 internal rotating rotor type electric machine for converting mechanical energy into electric power or vice versa a stator 2 a stator cooling device for cooling the stator 2 wherein the stator cooling device is an external water cooling device 11 includes a rotor 4 inside the machine 100 , from the stator 2 enclosed and rotationally fixed on or on a free shaft end 5a a rotatably mounted drive / output shaft 5 is attached so that the drive / output shaft 5 including the rotor 4 around a rotation axis R is rotatable, and a divider 12 , The Statorkühleinrichtung has next to the water cooling 11 one around the stator 2 placed stator sleeve 9 on.

When in the 6 The embodiment shown is the drive / output shaft 5 about a respective camp 10 mounted on both sides (own storage). (In the 1 to 5 in contrast, the drive / output shaft via a (single) bearing 10 stored on one side.) In addition, the in the 7 shown machine 100 a forced-circulation forced-air cooling system (closed internal cooling) and a water cooling system. More specifically, the rotor cooling device similar to the embodiment in the 1 projections 7 and an impeller 8th on. However, there is no cooling nozzle 3 , The projections 7 and the impeller 8th are in the stator housing 1 fixedly mounted and with the stator housing 1 firmly connected. Similar to the one in the 3 shown embodiment - as characterized by the flow arrows - a cooling medium in the interior of the stator housing 1 Forcibly guided in a circle, the cooling capacity of the water cooling device 11 is delivered. The transfer of the cooling capacity to the circulating air via the holes 9a the stator sleeve 9 , which thus acts as a heat exchanger. The internal cooling is the outer water cooling device 11 downstream. The cooling device 11 includes a cooling jacket, if necessary, via the stator housing 1 The complete stator housing can be inverted and revolving around 1 cools.

The in the 7 embodiment shown also has a double-sided drive / output shaft 5 on (own storage). Via a cooling medium inlet 20 a cooling medium is supplied from the outside and via a Kühlmediumauslass 19 discharged to the outside again. Because of the projections 7 and the impeller 8th But again there is a forced cooling (eg, internal gas cooling (without external fans, etc.) and without water cooling).

8th left shows a detail view in section of a rotor 4 to illustrate possible designs of the rotor 4 or its rotor wall to increase the surface. For this he may have several, for example, axially extending rotor cooling holes 4d or have rotor cooling channels. In the right half of the 8th are two examples of a design of the rotor wall 4e shown. With a high rotor cooling requirement, a double-walled ( 8th far right) design. It then comes into play, if the drive shaft is due to the process 5 due to the application (eg steam turbine) introduces additional heat into the rotor. Due to a high surface area (possibly also multi-walled), the energy can then be transferred to the cooling medium more easily. Left next to the double-walled design is in the 8th the design with the rotor cooling holes 4 d shown.

Finally shows 9 a radial section view ( 9 left) from a stator sleeve 9 and an axial sectional view of the same along the line A-A ' ( 9 right). Clearly preferred are axially extending holes 9a to recognize (with only a few are marked). The stator sleeve 9 For example, it may be designed as a heat exchanger ring.

Incidentally, in general, the following should be noted: Basically, that at the same performance over higher speeds, the design and the weight of electric motors and electric generators can be significantly reduced at least according to particular embodiments of the present invention. For example, a 500 kW steam turbine at 20,000 rpm and a gearbox with a high-speed direct drive weighing approximately 5 to 10 tonnes will fall to approximately one tonne.

Another design criterion is the gap or air gap between the rotor and stator. This is usually in the order of 0.5 mm to 5 mm. At least in one particular embodiment of the present invention, rotor cooling in the gap is no longer needed. Thus, the gap can be tailored to the motor / generator requirements, which may result in additional options and efficiency improvements. The more compact design, however, makes it more complicated to integrate corresponding cooling systems. In electric drives, for example in electric cars, with the present invention, at least in particular embodiments, a significant weight and cost savings can be achieved because a more efficient cooling, in particular rotor cooling, is possible. In principle, higher speeds can be realized by mechanical gearboxes or special motors with electronic gearboxes (drives), but couplings often have to be used. At least in particular embodiments of the present invention can be dispensed with the clutch and / or storage in many cases, since at high speeds, the rotor can be designed very small and the storage of the existing machine (assembly) takes over the dual function. As a consequence, this results in an increase in efficiency of the complete platform with significantly reduced production costs.

With the use of a separating hood, new applications arise when gases or liquids have to be separated from the electric motor / electric generator safely or absolutely tight (for example, when one side has to be driven in a vacuum).

There will be many applications and as an example you can take small steam turbine platforms (up to approx. 5 MW). These are driven at speeds> 3000 rpm and therefore require a gearbox to feed into the 50 Hz power grid. To increase efficiency, the latest technology can also be used to feed the energy into the grid via high-speed motors with electronic gearboxes. However, this requires high performance couplings and costly bearings of the generator. At least according to particular embodiments of the present invention eliminates the clutch, transmission and engine storage and also the engine / generator volume is significantly reduced, which in total can lead to significant efficiency gains. Take, for example, a 500 kW steam turbine, the weight would be reduced from about 5 tons to <one ton.

The same applies to many applications with gases as fluid, such as refrigeration units, compressors, blowers, etc. As with the generator applications, the rotor (the rotor sleeve) performs a coupling function and eliminates the mechanical clutch, the gearbox and the engine mounting, which in total leads to a significant increase in efficiency.

In the case of variants with integral bearings, higher performance can be achieved due to the improved cooling conditions, which extends the potential applications.

The features of the invention disclosed in the foregoing description, in the drawings and in the claims may be essential both individually and in any desired combinations for the realization of the invention in its various embodiments.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

stator

2

stator

2a

palm

3

cooling columns

3a

The End

3b

The End

3c

outer surface

4

rotor

4a

ground

4b

palm

4c

outer surface

4d

Rotor cooling holes

4e

rotor wall

5

Drive (swelle) / output shaft

5a

shaft end

6

Drive / output housing

7

projections

8th

impeller

9

stator

9a

drilling

10

warehouse

11

Water cooler

12

separating hood

13

gap

13a

gap

14

gap

15

magnetic bandage

16

drilling

17

inner area

18

Rotor cooling channels

19

coolant outlet

20

Coolant inlet

21

stator cooling

22

gap

100

machine

R

axis of rotation

α

corner

Claims (30)

Rotary electric machine (100) in internal rotor design for converting mechanical energy into electrical energy or vice versa, comprising: a stator (2), a rotor (4) in the interior of the machine (100) which is enclosed by the stator (2) and non-rotatably mounted on or rotatably mounted on a rotatably mounted drive / output shaft (5), so that the drive / output shaft (5) including the Rotor is rotatable about a rotation axis R, and a rotor cooling device designed to guide cooling medium along at least part of the inner surface and / or through at least a part of the interior of the rotor (4) for heat dissipation mainly by heat flow or in the vicinity of the inner surface of the rotor (4) to bring heat removal by thermal radiation. Machine (100) after Claim 1 , wherein the rotor (4) multi-walled, in particular double-walled, is designed. Machine (100) after Claim 1 or 2 wherein the rotor cooling device comprises at least two rotor cooling channels (18). Machine (100) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the drive / output shaft (5) has a free shaft end (5a) and the rotor (4) is plugged or plugged onto the free shaft end (5a). Machine (100) after Claim 4 , wherein the rotor (4) is cup-shaped. Machine (100) after Claim 5 , wherein the bottom (4a) of the cup-shaped rotor (4) is designed to be plugged onto the free shaft end (5a). Machine (100) according to one of Claims 4 to 6 wherein the rotor cooling device further comprises a fixed hollow cooling stub (3) extending in the direction of the axis of rotation R of the rotor (4) extending from the open side of the cup-like rotor (4) into the interior of the cup and facing away from the rotor (4) End (3a) is connected or connectable to a cooling medium source for supplying cooling medium, and a cooling medium outlet (19) for discharging the cooling medium to the outside of the machine. Machine (100) after Claim 7 wherein the rotor (4) facing end (3b) of the cooling nozzle (3) is open and on the outside of the cooling nozzle are rib or blade-like projections (7) for a forced cooling. Machine (100) after Claim 8 , wherein the projections (7) extend at an angle α in a range of 0 ° to 45 ° to the longitudinal axis of the cooling nozzle (3). Machine (100) after Claim 8 or 9 , wherein the rotor (4) facing end (3b) of the cooling nozzle (3) is closed. Machine (100) after Claim 8 or 9 wherein the rotor (4) facing end (3b) of the cooling nozzle (3) is open and the machine has a separating hood (12) which hermetically separates the rotor (4) from the stator (2) and between the rotor (4 ) and the cooling nozzle (3) so that the cooling medium does not reach the rotor (4) but the separating hood (12). Machine (100) according to one of Claims 4 to 6 wherein the rotor cooling means further includes a fixed cooling stub (3) extending in the direction of the axis of rotation R of the rotor (4) extending from the open side of the cup-like rotor (4) into the cup interior and its rotor-facing end (3b) closed is and on its outer surface (3c) rib or blade-like projections (7) for a forced cooling has. Machine (100) after Claim 12 , wherein the projections (7) extend at an angle α in a range from 0 ° to 45 ° to the longitudinal axis of the cooling nozzle (3). A machine (100) according to any one of the preceding claims, further comprising stator cooling means for cooling the stator. Machine (100) after Claim 14 , wherein the Statorkühleinrichtung the rotor cooling device is connected downstream. Machine (100) after Claim 14 or 15 wherein the stator cooling device is formed integrally with the rotor cooling device. Machine (100) according to one of Claims 14 to 16 wherein the stator cooling device comprises an external fluid cooling device, in particular a water cooling device (11). Machine (100) according to one of Claims 14 to 17 wherein the stator cooling device comprises a stator sleeve (9) placed around the stator (2), preferably with stator cooling channels. Machine (100) after Claim 18 wherein the stator sleeve (9) is designed as a heat exchanger ring. Machine (100) according to one of Claims 1 to 19 , wherein the drive / output shaft (5) is mounted on both sides and the rotor (4) rotatably on the drive / output shaft (5), this enclosing, is arranged. Machine (100) after Claim 20 wherein the forced cooling device has rib and / or blade-like projections (7) between the drive / output shaft (5) and the rotor (4). Machine (100) after Claim 21 , wherein the projections (7) extend at an angle α in a range of 0 ° to 45 ° to the longitudinal axis of the cooling nozzle (3). Machine (100) according to one of Claims 20 to 22 wherein the rotor cooling device is designed as an open internal forced cooling device with a cooling medium inlet (20) for supplying a cooling medium from the outside of the machine and a cooling medium outlet (19) for discharging the cooling medium for passing the rotor (4) and optionally also the stator (2) is. Machine (100) according to one of Claims 20 to 22 wherein the rotor cooling device is designed as a closed internal forced cooling device. Machine (100) after Claim 24 , wherein it further comprises a, preferably the rotor cooling device downstream, preferably integrally formed, stator cooling device. Machine (100) after Claim 25 wherein the stator cooling device comprises an external fluid cooling device, in particular a water cooling device (11). Machine (100) after Claim 25 or 26 wherein the stator cooling device comprises a stator sleeve (9) placed around the stator (2), preferably with stator cooling channels (21). Machine (100) after Claim 27 wherein the stator sleeve (9) is designed as a heat exchanger ring. Rotary electric machine (100) in Innenläuferausfiihrung for the conversion of mechanical energy into electrical energy or vice versa, comprising a stator (2), a stator housing (1), a stator cooling device comprising a stator sleeve (9) fixedly connected to the stator for cooling the stator (2) and an optional (2) water cooling device (11), comprising a cooling jacket (11) for cooling the stator housing (1) and indirectly also the stator sleeve (9) or the stator (2), a rotor (4) in the interior of the machine (100), which is enclosed by the stator (2) and non-rotatably mounted on a rotatably mounted drive / output shaft (5) or is arranged so that the drive / output shaft (5) including the rotor ( 4) is rotatable about a rotation axis R, and - A separating hood (12) which hermetically separates the rotor (4) from the stator (2), wherein the drive / output shaft (5) has a free shaft end (5a) and the rotor is plugged or plugged onto the free shaft end (5a) and cup-shaped, preferably wherein the stator sleeve (9) stator cooling channels (21). Machine after Claim 29 wherein the stator sleeve (9) is designed as a heat exchanger ring.

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