DE102018007603A1 - "Device for distinguishing different substances in a mixture and for optically determining the temperature and location of the different substances in the mixture - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a device for distinguishing different substances in a mixture and for optically determining the temperature and location of the different substances in the mixture. The device comprises: - a means (4) for detecting the radiation intensity I1a of a radiation with the wavelength La which is emitted from a first location O1 of the mixture (20) and for detecting the radiation intensity I2a of a radiation with the wavelength La which is at least a second location O2 of the mixture (20) is emitted, wherein O2 differs from O1 and La is the wavelength of the spectral range SB1, - a means (5) for detecting the radiation intensity I1b of a radiation with the wavelength Lb emanating from the first location O1 of the mixture (20) is emitted and for detecting the radiation intensity I2b of a radiation with the wavelength Lb emitted by the second location O2 of the mixture (20), where Lb is the wavelength of the spectral range SB2, SB2 being different from SB1, and a means for determining whether different substances are present on O1 and O2.

Description

The invention relates to a device and a method for distinguishing different substances in a mixture and for optically determining the temperature and location of the different substances in the mixture. The invention further relates to the use of such a device.

High temperature melts, the z. B. arise in the production of steel or glass, are mostly mixtures of different substances, such as. B. steel and slag. For efficient process control, which is also intended to ensure the high quality of the end product (such as steel), it is important to record the temperature of the various substances in the high-temperature melt.

This is particularly the case with the production of liquid steel, in which slag is produced when melting scrap (e.g. in an electric arc furnace). In secondary metallurgical process control, slag is used for metallurgical reactions, as an absorber for non-metallic inclusions and as a protective layer between steel and the atmosphere.

Since very high temperatures are used in such processes, optical temperature determination is preferred. Because this is contact-free and low-wear. However, an optical temperature determination of a melt made of steel and slag is difficult because steel and slag have different emissivities. The optical temperature determination is based on the measurement of the radiation power P of the thermal radiation. This depends on the temperature T, but also on the emissivity ε, which is explained by the following relationships:

Hierbei ist:

• σ die Stefan-Boltzmann-Konstante,
• A die Oberfläche, von der die Strahlung ausgeht,
• T die absolute Temperatur.

The radiant power Ps of a black body is determined by the radiation law of Stefan and Boltzmann: $$\text{Ps}=\mathrm{\sigma }\times \text{A}\times {\text{T}}^{\mathrm{4th}}.$$

Here is:

• σ the Stefan-Boltzmann constant,
• A the surface from which the radiation originates,
• T is the absolute temperature.

mit Ps als Strahlungsleistung des schwarzen Körpers und P als Strahlungsleistung des realen Körpers. Damit wird die Strahlungsleistung realer Körper wie folgt berechnet: $$\text{P}=\mathrm{\epsilon }\times \mathrm{\sigma }\times \text{A}\times {\text{T}}^4.$$

Daher kann die Temperatur nicht ohne weiteres eindeutig bestimmt werden, wenn es in einem Gemisch verschiedene Stoffe gibt, die unterschiedliche Emissionsgrade aufweisen. Erschwerend kommt hinzu, dass der Emissionsgrad auch eine Funktion der Wellenlänge sein kann. Auf die Temperatur kann nur geschlossen werden, wenn der Stoff und sein Emissionsgrad an dem zu messenden Ort bekannt ist. Zudem kann sich bei dynamischen Vorgängen wie Spülen oder Abschlacken der Stoff am betrachteten Ort als Funktion der Zeit ändern.Since the black body is an idealized body, the emissivity ε is required for real bodies in order to be able to determine their radiation power. The emissivity characterizes the ability of the real body to emit radiation, whereby the following relationship applies: $$\mathrm{\epsilon }=\text{Ps / P}$$

With Ps as radiation power of the black body and P as radiation power of the real body. The radiation power of real bodies is calculated as follows: $$\text{P}=\mathrm{\epsilon }\times \mathrm{\sigma }\times \text{A}\times {\text{T}}^{\mathrm{4th}}.$$

Therefore, the temperature cannot easily be clearly determined if there are different substances in a mixture with different emissivities. To make matters worse, the emissivity can also be a function of the wavelength. The temperature can only be inferred if the substance and its emissivity are known at the location to be measured. In addition, with dynamic processes such as rinsing or slagging, the substance at the location under consideration can change as a function of time.

Therefore, an optical temperature determination of a high temperature melt made of different substances such. B. a liquid steel (e.g. when tapping in an electric arc furnace, when rinsing the pan or when pouring) with a pyrometer or infrared camera with a big error, because an optical differentiation of the different materials (e.g. steel and slag) difficult and often not clearly possible. Since the emissivity of slag is greater than the emissivity of steel in the IR spectral range, the radiation power of hot steel may be lower than that of colder slag. The measurement results of such a temperature measurement can therefore be misleading, which can have devastating consequences for the manufacturing process. In addition, single-color pyrometers have the disadvantage that they are only suitable for local temperature measurement on a material of known emissivity. A surface or precise temperature determination is therefore not possible. With the help of thermographic cameras, surface temperature distributions can be determined, which, however, relate to a global emissivity for the entire image.

The invention is therefore based on the object of providing a device and a method for distinguishing different substances in a mixture and for optically determining the temperature and location of the different substances in the mixture, which overcome the disadvantages in the prior art.

The invention is achieved by means of a device according to claim 1 and a method according to claim 12. Advantageous embodiments of the invention are contained in the respective subclaims and the description below.

The invention is based on the basic idea of determining the radiation intensity of at least two measurement locations of the mixture at least twice, the rays which are emitted by the measurement locations and have a wavelength of a first spectral range being recorded the first time, and the rays the second time are detected, which are emitted from the measurement sites and have a wavelength of a second spectral range that differs from the first spectral range. By comparing these at least four radiation intensities, it can be concluded whether the substances at the measurement sites in question are the same or different. The invention makes use of the fact that, as a rule, different substances also have different emissivities. In particular, emissivities of different substances may be the same or similar in one spectral range, but they may differ significantly in another spectral range.

In dynamic processes, both recordings are made at the same time.

The device according to the invention therefore comprises means for detecting the radiation intensity I1a a radiation with the wavelength La, which is emitted from a first location O1 of the mixture and for detecting the radiation intensity I2a radiation with the wavelength La which is emitted from at least a second location O2 of the mixture, O2 differing from O1 and La being the wavelength of the spectral range SB1.

Furthermore, the device comprises a means for detecting the radiation intensity I1b a radiation with the wavelength Lb, which is emitted from the first location O1 of the mixture and for detecting the radiation intensity I2b radiation with the wavelength Lb emitted by the second location O2 of the mixture ( 20th ) is emitted, where Lb is the wavelength of the spectral range SB2 and SB2 differs from SB1.

In addition, the device comprises a means for determining that different substances are present on O1 and O2, if I1a and I1b define a point that is essentially in a reference range R _S1 lies and I2a and I2b do not define a point in the reference range R _S1 is the reference range R _S1 is defined by pairs of values I _{S1, La, Ti} and I _{S1, Lb, Ti} , which establish an association between an intensity I _{S1, La, Ti} of radiation with the wavelength La, which is from the location O _{S1 of} the substance 1 is emitted with the temperature Ti and the intensity I _{S1, Lb, Ti} of radiation with the wavelength Lb, which is from the location O _{S1 of} the substance 1 is emitted with the temperature Ti, the pairs of values differing in that they are based on different temperatures Ti and / or if I2a and I2b define a point that is essentially in a reference range R _S2 lies and I1a and I1b do not define a point in the reference range R _S2 is the reference range R _S2 is defined by pairs of values which establish an association between an intensity I _{S2, La, Tj} of radiation with the wavelength La, which is from the location O _{S2 of} the substance 2nd is emitted with the temperature Tj and the intensity I _{S2, Lb, Tj} of radiation with the wavelength Lb emitted by the location O _{S2 of} the substance 2nd is emitted with the temperature Tj, the pairs of values differing in that they are based on different temperatures Tj. This means of detection can, for. B. be a computing unit. Part of it can e.g. B. an image processing unit. Radiation intensities are preferably recorded from a multiplicity of locations of the mixture, particularly preferably the radiation intensities are recorded so many locations that the entire surface of the mixture is recorded. The image processing unit can then create a first image of a specific color on the basis of the radiation intensities of radiation of a wavelength of a first spectral range. The image processing unit can also generate a second image of a different color on the basis of the radiation intensities of radiation of a wavelength of a second spectral range. These images preferably have the same pixel size and resolution, so that they can be compared pixel by pixel. Because z. B. The emissivities of different substances (e.g. steel and slag) are similar in one spectral range (e.g. in the spectral range of visible light), but differ significantly in a second spectral range (e.g. in the far infrared range), areas can be the same Substances are identified. The comparison can also be made purely by calculation. The device according to the invention therefore not only offers the advantage that the material distinction and temperature measurement can be carried out without contact (thus with little wear), but it can also be automated since, for. B. areas of different substances can be automatically recognized and this information for further automatic process control, z. B. can be used for the control of measured variables such as temperature.

The reference range R _S1 is defined by pairs of values I _{S1, La, Ti} and I _{S1, Lb, Ti} . A first pair of values comprises the values I _{S1, La, T1} and I _{S1, Lb, T1} and a second pair of values the values I _{S1, La, T2} and I _{S1, Lb, T2} , etc. This means that the value pairs are different distinguish that they are based on a different temperature Ti. Ti is the respective temperature that is emitted by the location OS1. The same applies to R _S2 .

The determination of the value pairs takes place in particular on the basis of pure substances and the determined ones For example, values can be stored in a database so that they can be used to determine whether different substances exist at locations O1 and O2. It makes sense to map the value pairs in a Cartesian (preferably two-dimensional) coordinate system. The individual values of the value pairs (e.g. I _{S1, La, Ti} and I _{S1, Lb, Ti} ) are then coordinates. It is particularly advantageous to determine and map a large number of value pairs in order to define a particularly large reference range. The reference range can be displayed as a graph. This can e.g. B. by interpolation of the points defined by the pairs of values. For example, a pair of values I _{S1, La, Ti} and I _{S1, Lb, Ti} can define a point on the reference area shown as a graph R _S1 lies. Thus, for example, it can be shown in a simple manner that the intensities I _{S1, La, Ti} and I _{S1, Lb, Ti} and thus the location O1 of the substance 1 is to be assigned. The reference area must not only be a graph, but can also take up an area in a coordinate system. That is e.g. This is the case, for example, when fluctuations and tolerances are included in the reference range when determining the value pairs during the reference measurements.
In addition to the unambiguous identification of different substances of initially unknown temperature, the running steel can also be detected by means of the device according to the invention when the electric arc furnace or a pan is slagged. Slag tracking can also be detected when the electric arc is cut off. When washing the pan z. B. also a flushing head can be clearly identified by means of the invention. The invention therefore leads to cost savings.

The mixture comprises different substances. The substances in turn can be pure substances or also mixtures, both homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures being possible. For example, steel is an alloy and therefore a homogeneous mixture. However, steel itself can be a substance in a mixture of steel and slag, the latter being a heterogeneous mixture in many cases, since steel and slag are usually present in a mixture in several phases.

A location of the mixture from which the radiation in question is emitted means a point on the surface of the mixture at which the temperature is to be determined. Alternatively, it can be a surface section instead of a point; to determine the intensity of this surface section, z. B. the radiant power of this area can be divided by the area of this area. This place of the mixture can e.g. B. be determined by the resolution of the means for detecting the radiation intensity. The same applies to the locations of pure substances O _S1 for substance 1 and O _S2 for fabric 2nd , from which radiation is emitted for the reference measurements. The locations O1, O2, O _S1 and O _{S2 expediently have} the same or essentially the same area.

The radiation intensity from at least two locations is recorded. The radiation intensity is preferably recorded from as many locations as is necessary to cover the entire surface of the mixture or only a part of the surface of the mixture that is of interest.

In a preferred embodiment, the device has a means for identifying the substances at the locations O1 and O2 by comparison with reference intensities of the different substances. Before the substances are identified, reference values for pure substances can be determined by reference measurements. For example, the radiation intensity of, for example, pure steel and pure slag can be considered as a reference value. A large number of reference values are preferably available (for example stored in a database), which are then compared with the different substances in order to identify them (that is, to find out which substance it is). Measurement series of reference values are preferably recorded, the radiation intensity being considered as the measurement variable of the measurement series. So z. B. a series of measurements for the radiation intensity of z. B. steel or slag can be determined, the individual measurements of the measurement series differing in that they are carried out with different wavelengths and / or at different temperatures. Since the reference values are determined for pure substances, the emissivity of these substances is also known, which is why the substances in question can then be concluded in a mixture.

In a preferred embodiment, the device has a means for localizing at least the locations O1 and O2. This means preferably comprises a computer unit which, for. B. locates the locations in question based on the data acquired by the radiation intensity detection means (which may be an infrared camera, for example). This can e.g. B. using a coordinate system or a grid arrangement of sensors in the detection means.

In a preferred embodiment, the device has a means for determining the temperature at the locations O1 and O2. Preferably, the temperature only needs to be calculated, for example, by means of a computer unit if the substance is known at the locations in question and thus the corresponding emissivity.

In a preferred embodiment, SB1 is the spectral range of visible light and SB2 is the spectral range of infrared radiation. SB2 is particularly preferably the spectral range of the far infrared radiation. The spectral range of the near infrared range from 780 to 1000 nm or from 1000 to 1800 nm is further particularly preferred. The spectrum of visible light is approximately 380 to 780 nm. The spectrum of far infrared radiation covers the range from approximately 7500 to 10000 nm.

This has proven to be particularly advantageous when determining the temperature of substances in a mixture which have similar emissivities in the visible range and have significantly different emissivities in the infrared range. An example of this is the steel-slag mixture. Because of these different emissivities, it is possible that despite different temperatures, the intensities of the substances in the area of IR light are approximately the same or differ only slightly. With a second measurement of the intensity in the range of visible light, a misinterpretation can be made, that of temperature equality due to the same or similar intensities I1a and I1b runs out, be prevented. Because due to the significantly different emissivities in the infrared range, the intensities differ I2a and I2b suffice from each other.

In a preferred embodiment, the means for detecting the radiation intensity I1a and I2a a camera with a spectral range SB1 and the means for detecting the radiation intensity I1b and I2b is a camera with the spectral range SB2. The spectral range SB2 is preferably the range of the infrared radiation, so that the corresponding camera is an infrared camera.

The device advantageously has a beam splitter, the device being designed in such a way that a beam that strikes the beam splitter is preferably evenly divided into a beam that is directed onto the means for detecting the radiation intensity I1a and I2a hits and a beam of the means for detecting the radiation intensity I1b and I2b meets. This has the advantage that the detection means receive essentially the same partial beam. The partial beams originate from a single beam that hits the beam splitter at exactly the same position. In this way it is possible to detect the intensity of a beam that is recorded at the same position and at the same time. Another alternative is to use two cameras, each with a lens and a detector for one spectral range (e.g. visible light range) and a detector for the IR range, which take pictures of the same image section at the same time. This enables the radiation intensities to be compared to reliable data and measurement errors to be avoided. This is an advantage in particular in the case of mixtures and substances which cannot be regarded as so-called Lambert radiators, ie the radiation they emit is direction-dependent. However, this directional dependency would lead to radiation intensities that would not be comparable.

In a preferred embodiment, the device has a lens, the device being designed in such a way that a beam which is emitted by an object to be measured first hits the lens and then the beam splitter. The objective offers the advantage that large areas or even the entire surface of the mixture can be captured and bundled in one beam.

In a preferred embodiment, the device has an imaging lens which is arranged such that a partial beam coming from the beam splitter first passes through the imaging lens and then onto the means for detecting the radiation intensity I1a and I2a meets. The device preferably has a further imaging lens, which is arranged in such a way that a partial beam coming from the beam splitter first passes the imaging lens and then onto the means for detecting the radiation intensity I1b and I2b meets.

In a preferred embodiment, the means for detecting the radiation intensity I1a and I2a as well as the means for recording the radiation intensity I1b and I2b a hyperspectral camera. The hyperspectral camera is at least one bispectral camera. A hyperspectral camera has the advantage that only one camera is required to record radiation intensities of different wavelengths. This enables a more compact device to be implemented.

The device is particularly suitable for distinguishing different substances in a mixture of melts at temperatures above 1000 ° C. and for optically determining the temperature and location of the different substances in the mixture, the mixture comprising substances which have the same or similarly large emissivities in a first spectral range (preferably the spectral range of visible light) and which have different or significantly different emissivities in a second spectral range (preferably in the infrared range).

The invention therefore also relates to a use of the device for distinguishing different substances in a mixture and for optically determining the temperature and location of the different substances in the mixture, the mixture comprising the substances steel and slag.

The device is also suitable for other mixtures, especially in manufacturing processes with high-temperature melts. Melting metallurgy with slag is also used, for example, in the production of silicon, glass, iron and non-ferrous metals. The emissivities of the different substances in such mixtures differ. Therefore, the use of the device according to the invention is particularly suitable for these mixtures and leads to precise temperature control, which is essential for the process control and thus for the product quality.

• - Erfassung der Strahlungsintensität I1a einer Strahlung mit der Wellenlänge La, die von einem ersten Ort O1 des Gemisches emittiert wird und zur Erfassung der Strahlungsintensität I2a einer Strahlung mit der Wellenlänge La, die von mindestens einem zweiten Ort O2 des Gemisches emittiert wird, wobei O2 sich von O1 unterscheidet und La Wellenlänge des Spektralbereichs SB1 ist,
• - Erfassung der Strahlungsintensität I1b einer Strahlung mit der Wellenlänge Lb, die von dem ersten Ort O1 des Gemisches emittiert wird und zur Erfassung der Strahlungsintensität I2b einer Strahlung mit der Wellenlänge Lb, die von dem zweiten Ort O2 des Gemisches emittiert wird, wobei Lb Wellenlänge des Spektralbereichs SB2 ist, wobei sich SB2 von SB1 unterscheidet,
• - Feststellung, dass an O1 und O2 unterschiedliche Stoffe vorliegen, wenn I1a und I1b einen Punkt definieren, der im Wesentlichen in einem Referenzbereich R_S1 liegt und I2a und I2b keinen Punkt definieren, der in dem Referenzbereich R_S1 liegt, wobei der Referenzbereich R_S1 durch Wertepaare I_S1,La,Ti und I_S1,Lb,Ti definiert ist, die eine Zuordnung herstellen zwischen einer Intensität I_S1,La,Ti einer Strahlung mit der Wellenlänge La, die von dem Ort O_S1 des Stoffes 1 mit der Temperatur Ti emittiert wird und der Intensität I_S1,Lb,Ti einer Strahlung mit der Wellenlänge Lb, die von dem Ort O_S1 des Stoffes 1 mit der Temperatur Ti emittiert wird, wobei sich die Wertepaare dadurch unterschieden, dass ihnen unterschiedliche Temperaturen Ti zu Grunde liegen, und/oder wenn I2a und I2b einen Punkt definieren, der im Wesentlichen in einem Referenzbereich R_S2 liegt und I1a und I1b keinen Punkt definieren, der in dem Referenzbereich R_S2 liegt, wobei der Referenzbereich R_S2 durch Wertepaare definiert ist, die eine Zuordnung herstellen zwischen einer Intensität I_S2,La,Tj einer Strahlung mit der Wellenlänge La, die von dem Ort O_S2 des Stoffes 2 mit der Temperatur Tj emittiert wird und der Intensität I_S2,Lb,Tj einer Strahlung mit der Wellenlänge Lb, die von dem Ort O_S2 des Stoffes 2 mit der Temperatur Tj emittiert wird, wobei sich die Wertepaare dadurch unterschieden, dass ihnen unterschiedliche Temperaturen Tj zu Grunde liegen.

The invention further relates to a method for differentiating different substances in a mixture and for optically determining the temperature and location of the different substances in the mixture, the method comprising the following steps:

• - Detection of the radiation intensity I1a a radiation with the wavelength La, which is emitted from a first location O1 of the mixture and for detecting the radiation intensity I2a radiation with the wavelength La which is emitted from at least a second location O2 of the mixture, O2 differing from O1 and La being the wavelength of the spectral range SB1,
• - Detection of the radiation intensity I1b a radiation with the wavelength Lb, which is emitted from the first location O1 of the mixture and for detecting the radiation intensity I2b radiation with the wavelength Lb emitted from the second location O2 of the mixture, where Lb is the wavelength of the spectral range SB2, where SB2 differs from SB1,
• - Determination that different substances are present on O1 and O2 if I1a and I1b define a point that is essentially in a reference range R _S1 lies and I2a and I2b do not define a point in the reference range R _S1 is the reference range R _S1 is defined by pairs of values I _{S1, La, Ti} and I _{S1, Lb, Ti} , which establish an association between an intensity I _{S1, La, Ti} of radiation with the wavelength La, which is from the location O _{S1 of} the substance 1 is emitted with the temperature Ti and the intensity I _{S1, Lb, Ti} of radiation with the wavelength Lb, which is from the location O _{S1 of} the substance 1 is emitted with the temperature Ti, the pairs of values differing in that they are based on different temperatures Ti and / or if I2a and I2b define a point that is essentially in a reference range R _S2 lies and I1a and I1b do not define a point in the reference range R _S2 is the reference range R _S2 is defined by pairs of values which establish an association between an intensity I _{S2, La, Tj} of radiation with the wavelength La, which is from the location O _{S2 of} the substance 2nd is emitted with the temperature Tj and the intensity I _{S2, Lb, Tj} of radiation with the wavelength Lb emitted by the location O _{S2 of} the substance 2nd is emitted with the temperature Tj, the pairs of values differing in that they are based on different temperatures Tj.

In a preferred embodiment, the method further comprises the identification of the substances at the locations O1 and O2 by comparison with reference values of the different substances. After identification of the substances at locations O1 and O2, the method particularly preferably comprises the step of determining the temperature at locations O1 and O2 with knowledge of the emissivities. The method preferably includes the localization of the locations O1 and O2. In a preferred embodiment of the method, the mixture comprises the substances steel and slag.

• 1 eine beispielhafte Ausführungsform der Erfindung,
• 2 eine zweite beispielhafte Ausführungsform der Erfindung,
• 3 ein zweidimensionales kartesisches Koordinatensystem umfassend zwei Referenzbereiche R_S1 und R_S2 .

The invention is explained with reference to the figures, the figures only showing exemplary embodiments of the device. In it shows

• 1 an exemplary embodiment of the invention,
• 2nd a second exemplary embodiment of the invention,
• 3rd a two-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system comprising two reference areas R _S1 and R _S2 .

The 1 shows an example of a device according to the invention 10th and a mixture 20th made of liquid steel and slag. The device has a lens 1 , a beam splitter 2nd and two means for detecting radiation intensities (detectors) 4th and 5 on. The first detector 4th detects radiation intensities of a wavelength in the spectral range of visible light. The second detector 5 detects radiation intensities of a wavelength in the infrared range. detector 4th and detector 5 have the same resolution. They record the radiation intensities of several locations of an object to be measured (mixture). Furthermore, this exemplary device has two imaging lenses 3rd on. Any imaging lens 3rd is a detector 4th , 5 assigned. The exemplary device also includes an image processing unit 6 .

2nd shows an alternative exemplary embodiment for a device having two cameras with different detectors.

Radiations from the mixture 20th are first emitted by means of the lens 1 bundled into a beam and the bundled beam becomes a beam splitter 2nd forwarded. There the beam is divided into two equal partial beams, the first partial beam being directed in the direction of the first detector 4th and the second partial beam in the direction of the second detector 5 is forwarded, the partial beams on an imaging lens 3rd and then hit the corresponding detector. The first detector 4th Then detects the radiation intensity of the radiation with a certain wavelength from the spectral range of visible light, that from several locations of the mixture 20th is emitted. The second detector 5 Then detects the radiation intensity of the radiation with a certain wavelength from the far infrared range, that from several locations of the mixture 20th is emitted. By means of image processing 6 the radiation intensities of the different wavelengths and locations can be compared or plotted against each other. Images of different colors are created using image processing 6 be compared pixel by pixel. Because the emissivities of steel and slag differ little in the visible light range and differ significantly in the infrared range, areas of different substances can be identified even without knowing the temperature. By comparing with reference measurements on pure substances, the associated substances can be assigned to the different areas. Knowing the substance (and thus the emissivity in a spectral range), the temperature can be inferred from the pixel brightness.

3rd shows a two-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system comprising two reference areas R _S1 and R _S2 .

The reference range R _S1 is defined by pairs of values I _{S1, La, Ti} and I _{S1, Lb, Ti} . A first pair of values comprises the values I _{S1, La, T1} and I _{S1, Lb, T1} and a second pair of values the values I _{S1, La, T2} and I _{S1, Lb, T2} , etc. This means that the value pairs are different distinguish that they are based on a different temperature Ti. Ti is the respective temperature that is emitted by the location OS1. In this example, three points of the reference range are highlighted. The same applies to R _S2 .

The determination of the value pairs takes place in particular on the basis of pure substances and the determined values can, for example, be stored in a database so that they can be used in determining whether different substances are present at the locations O1 and O2. It makes sense - as in 3rd happen - a mapping of the pairs of values in a Cartesian coordinate system. The individual values of the value pairs (e.g. I _{S1, La, Ti} and I _{S1, Lb, Ti} ) are then coordinates. It is particularly advantageous to determine and map a large number of value pairs in order to define a particularly large reference range. The reference range can be displayed as a graph. This can e.g. B. by interpolation of the points defined by the pairs of values. For example, a pair of values I _{S1, La, Ti} and I _{S1, Lb, Ti} can define a point on the reference area shown as a graph R _S1 lies. Thus, for example, it can be shown in a simple manner that the intensities I _{S1, La, Ti} and I _{S1, Lb, Ti} and thus the location O1 of the substance 1 is to be assigned. The reference area must not only be a graph, but can also take up an area in a coordinate system. That is e.g. This is the case, for example, when fluctuations and tolerances are included in the reference range when determining the value pairs during the reference measurements.

Claims (19)

Device (10) for differentiating different substances of a mixture (20) and for optically determining the temperature and location of the different substances in the mixture (20), comprising - means (4) for detecting the radiation intensity I1a of a radiation with the wavelength La, which is is emitted at a first location O1 of the mixture (20) and for detecting the radiation intensity I2a of a radiation having the wavelength La which is emitted by at least a second location O2 of the mixture (20), O2 differing from O1 and La wavelength of the spectral range SB1 is - means (5) for detecting the radiation intensity I1b of radiation with the wavelength Lb emitted by the first location O1 of the mixture (20) and for detecting the radiation intensity I2b of radiation with the wavelength Lb emitted by the second Location O2 of the mixture (20) is emitted, where Lb is the wavelength of the spectral range SB2, where SB2 differs from SB1 To determine that different substances are present at O1 and O2 if I1a and I1b define a point that is essentially in a reference area R _S1 and I2a and I2b do not define a point that is in the reference area R _S1 , the reference area R _S1 is defined by pairs of values I _{S1, La, Ti} and I _{S1, Lb, Ti} , which establish an association between an intensity I _{S1, La, Ti} of radiation with the wavelength La, which depends on the location O _{S1 of} the substance 1 and the temperature Ti is emitted and the intensity I _{S1, Lb, Ti of} a radiation with the wavelength Lb which is emitted from the location O _{S1 of} the substance 1 at the temperature Ti, the pairs of values differing in that they are based on different temperatures Ti , and / or if I2a and I2b define a point which lies essentially in a reference range R _S2 and I1a and I1b do not define a point which lies in the reference range R _S2 , the reference range R _S2 being defined by pairs of values which establish an association between an intensity I _{S2, La, Tj} of radiation with the wavelength La, which originates from the location O _{S2 of} the substance 2 is emitted with the temperature Tj and the intensity I _{S2, Lb, Tj of} a radiation with the wavelength Lb which is emitted from the location O _{S2 of} the substance 2 with the temperature Tj, the pairs of values differing in that they are based on different temperatures Tj. Device (10) after Claim 1 , comprising a means of identifying the substances at locations O1 and O2 by comparison with reference values of the different substances. Device after Claim 1 or 2nd comprising a means for localizing the locations O1 and O2 and / or for determining the size of the area of the mixture in which the substance 1 is located and / or for determining the size of the area of the mixture in which the substance 2 is located. Device (10) according to one of the preceding claims, comprising a means for determining the temperature at the locations O1 and O2. Device (10) according to one of the preceding claims, comprising a means for detecting the temporal profile of I1a, I1b, I2a, I2b, size of the area of the mixture in which the substance 1 is located, the size of the area of the mixture in which the substance 2 is located and / or the temperature at the locations O1 and O2. Device (10) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein SB1 is the spectral range of visible light and SB2 is the spectral range of infrared radiation. Device (10) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the means (4) for detecting the radiation intensity I1a and I2a is a camera with a spectral range SB1 and the means (5) for detecting the radiation intensity I1b and I2b is a camera with the spectral range SB2 , preferably with one lens each. Device (10) according to one of the preceding claims, comprising a beam splitter (2), the device being designed in such a way that a beam that strikes the beam splitter (2) is preferably evenly divided into a beam that is directed onto the means ( 4) for detecting the radiation intensity I1a and I2a and a beam which strikes the means (5) for detecting the radiation intensity I1b and I2b. Device (10) after Claim 8 , The device having a lens (1), the device being designed in such a way that a beam which is emitted by an object to be measured first strikes the lens (1) and then the beam splitter (2). Device (10) after Claim 9 comprising an imaging lens (3) which is arranged such that a partial beam coming from the beam splitter first passes the imaging lens (3) and then meets the means (4) for detecting the radiation intensity I1a and I2a and / or having an imaging lens (3 ) which is arranged such that a partial beam coming from the beam splitter (2) first passes the imaging lens (3) and then hits the means (5) for detecting the radiation intensity I1b and I2b. Device (10) according to one of the Claims 1 to 6 , wherein the means for detecting the radiation intensity I1a and I2a and the radiation intensities I1b and I2b is a hyperspectral camera, in particular a bispectral camera or color camera. Use of the device (10) according to one of the preceding claims for differentiating different substances of a mixture (20) and for optically determining the temperature and location of the different substances in the mixture (20), the mixture (20) the z. B. includes the materials steel or iron, non-ferrous metals, silicon, glass and slag. A method for differentiating different substances in a mixture (20) and for optically determining the temperature and location of the different substances in the mixture (20), comprising - detecting the radiation intensity I1a of a radiation with the wavelength La which emanates from a first location O1 of the mixture (20 ) is emitted and to detect the radiation intensity I2a of a radiation with the wavelength La which is emitted from at least a second location O2 of the mixture (20), O2 being different from O1 and La being the wavelength of the spectral range SB1, - Detection of the radiation intensity I1b a radiation with the wavelength Lb which is emitted from the first location O1 of the mixture (20) and to detect the radiation intensity I2b of a radiation with the wavelength Lb which is emitted from the second location O2 of the mixture (20), where Lb wavelength of the spectral range is SB2, with SB2 being different from SB1, - finding that O1 and O2 are different Substances are present if I1a and I1b define a point that is essentially in a reference area R _S1 and I2a and I2b do not define a point that is in the reference area R _S1 , the reference area R _{S1 being represented} by pairs of values I _{S1, La, Ti} and I _{S1, Lb, Ti is} defined, which establish an association between an intensity I _{S1, La, Ti} of radiation with the wavelength La, which originates from the location O _{S1 of} the substance 1 is emitted with the temperature Ti and the intensity I _{S1, Lb, Ti of} a radiation with the wavelength Lb, which is emitted from the location O _{S1 of} the substance 1 with the temperature Ti, the pairs of values differing in that different temperatures Ti and / or if I2a and I2b define a point that lies essentially in a reference range R _S2 and I1a and I1b do not define a point that lies in the reference range R _S2 , the reference range R _S2 being defined by value pairs, which establish an association between an intensity I _{S2, La, Tj of} a radiation with the wavelength La which is emitted from the location O _{S2 of} the substance 2 with the temperature Tj and the intensity I _{S2, Lb, Tj of} a radiation with the wavelength Lb , which is emitted from the location O _{S2 of} the substance 2 at the temperature Tj, the pairs of values differing in that they are based on different temperatures Tj. Procedure according to Claim 13 , comprehensive identification of substances at locations O1 and O2 by comparison with reference values of the different substances. Procedure according to Claim 14 , after identifying the substances at locations O1 and O2, the temperature at locations O1 and O2 is determined. Procedure according to one of the Claims 13 to 15 comprising locating the locations O1 and O2 and / or determining the size of the area of the mixture in which the substance 1 is located and / or determining the size of the area of the mixture in which the substance 2 is located. Procedure according to one of the Claims 13 to 16 , wherein the mixture (20) z. B. includes the substances, steel or iron, non-ferrous metals, silicon, glass and slag. Procedure according to one of the Claims 13 to 17th , with the time profile of I1a, I1b, I2a, I2b, the size of the area of the mixture in which the substance 1 is located, the size of the area of the mixture in which the substance 2 is located and / or the temperature at the Locations O1 and O2 is detected. Procedure according to one of the Claims 13 to 18th , whereby the point in time at which substance 1 first appears in substance 2 is recorded.

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