DE102017217004A1 - tank heater - Google Patents
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- DE102017217004A1 DE102017217004A1 DE102017217004.2A DE102017217004A DE102017217004A1 DE 102017217004 A1 DE102017217004 A1 DE 102017217004A1 DE 102017217004 A DE102017217004 A DE 102017217004A DE 102017217004 A1 DE102017217004 A1 DE 102017217004A1
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion
- F01N3/2006—Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating
- F01N3/2013—Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating using electric or magnetic heating means
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion
- F01N3/206—Adding periodically or continuously substances to exhaust gases for promoting purification, e.g. catalytic material in liquid form, NOx reducing agents
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion
- F01N3/206—Adding periodically or continuously substances to exhaust gases for promoting purification, e.g. catalytic material in liquid form, NOx reducing agents
- F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
- F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H9/00—Details
- F24H9/18—Arrangement or mounting of grates or heating means
- F24H9/1809—Arrangement or mounting of grates or heating means for water heaters
- F24H9/1818—Arrangement or mounting of electric heating means
- F24H9/1827—Positive temperature coefficient [PTC] resistor
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
- G05D23/00—Control of temperature
- G05D23/19—Control of temperature characterised by the use of electric means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
- G05D23/00—Control of temperature
- G05D23/19—Control of temperature characterised by the use of electric means
- G05D23/1927—Control of temperature characterised by the use of electric means using a plurality of sensors
- G05D23/193—Control of temperature characterised by the use of electric means using a plurality of sensors sensing the temperaure in different places in thermal relationship with one or more spaces
- G05D23/1931—Control of temperature characterised by the use of electric means using a plurality of sensors sensing the temperaure in different places in thermal relationship with one or more spaces to control the temperature of one space
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
- G05D23/00—Control of temperature
- G05D23/19—Control of temperature characterised by the use of electric means
- G05D23/20—Control of temperature characterised by the use of electric means with sensing elements having variation of electric or magnetic properties with change of temperature
- G05D23/24—Control of temperature characterised by the use of electric means with sensing elements having variation of electric or magnetic properties with change of temperature the sensing element having a resistance varying with temperature, e.g. a thermistor
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
- G05D23/00—Control of temperature
- G05D23/19—Control of temperature characterised by the use of electric means
- G05D23/30—Automatic controllers with an auxiliary heating device affecting the sensing element, e.g. for anticipating change of temperature
- G05D23/303—Automatic controllers with an auxiliary heating device affecting the sensing element, e.g. for anticipating change of temperature using a sensing element having a resistance varying with temperature, e.g. thermistor
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
- F01N2610/02—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being ammonia or urea
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
- F01N2610/10—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being heated, e.g. by heating tank or supply line of the added substance
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
- F01N2610/10—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being heated, e.g. by heating tank or supply line of the added substance
- F01N2610/105—Control thereof
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
- F01N2610/14—Arrangements for the supply of substances, e.g. conduits
- F01N2610/1406—Storage means for substances, e.g. tanks or reservoirs
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
- F01N2610/14—Arrangements for the supply of substances, e.g. conduits
- F01N2610/1486—Means to prevent the substance from freezing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01K7/00—Measuring temperature based on the use of electric or magnetic elements directly sensitive to heat ; Power supply therefor, e.g. using thermoelectric elements
- G01K7/16—Measuring temperature based on the use of electric or magnetic elements directly sensitive to heat ; Power supply therefor, e.g. using thermoelectric elements using resistive elements
- G01K7/22—Measuring temperature based on the use of electric or magnetic elements directly sensitive to heat ; Power supply therefor, e.g. using thermoelectric elements using resistive elements the element being a non-linear resistance, e.g. thermistor
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
- Control Of Resistance Heating (AREA)
- Resistance Heating (AREA)
Abstract
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Tankheizung für einen Reduktionsmitteltank eines SCR-Systems. Die Tankheizung weist mehrere elektrisch parallel geschaltete Kaltleiter auf. Bei einer ersten mittleren Temperatur (T) der Kaltleiter, die im Bereich von 30,0°C bis 70,0°C liegt, weisen die parallel geschalteten Kaltleiter einen ersten elektrischen Gesamtwiderstand (R) auf, der im Bereich von 1,40 Ω bis 1,60 Ω liegt.The invention relates to a tank heater for a reducing agent tank of an SCR system. The tank heater has several PTC thermistors connected in parallel. At a first average temperature (T) of the PTC thermistor, which is in the range of 30.0 ° C to 70.0 ° C, the parallel-connected PTC thermistors have a first total electrical resistance (R) in the range of 1.40 Ω to 1.60 Ω.
Description
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft eine Tankheizung für einen Reduktionsmitteltank eines SCR-Systems.The present invention relates to a tank heater for a reducing agent tank of an SCR system.
Stand der TechnikState of the art
Es sind Verfahren und Vorrichtungen zum Betreiben einer Brennkraftmaschine, insbesondere bei Kraftfahrzeugen bekannt, in deren Abgasbereich ein SCR-Katalysator (Selective Catalytic Reduction) angeordnet ist, der die im Abgas der Brennkraftmaschine enthaltenen Stickoxide in Gegenwart eines Reduktionsmittels zu Stickstoff reduziert. Hierdurch kann der Anteil von Stickoxiden im Abgas erheblich verringert werden. Für den Ablauf der Reaktion wird Ammoniak benötigt, das dem Abgas zugemischt wird. Als Reduktionsmittel werden daher Ammoniak oder ammoniakabspaltende Reagenzien eingesetzt. In der Regel wird hierfür eine wässrige Harnstofflösung verwendet, die stromaufwärts des SCR-Katalysators in den Abgasstrang eingespritzt wird. Aus dieser Lösung bildet sich Ammoniak, das als Reduktionsmittel wirkt. Die wässrige Harnstofflösung, die kommerziell unter dem Namen AdBlue® erhältlich ist, besteht zu einem Drittel aus Harnstoff und zu zwei Dritteln aus Wasser. Sie weist einen Gefrierpunkt von - 11,5°C auf.Methods and apparatuses for operating an internal combustion engine, in particular in motor vehicles, are known, in whose exhaust gas area an SCR catalytic converter (selective catalytic reduction) is arranged, which reduces the nitrogen oxides contained in the exhaust gas of the internal combustion engine in the presence of a reducing agent to nitrogen. As a result, the proportion of nitrogen oxides in the exhaust gas can be significantly reduced. For the course of the reaction ammonia is required, which is added to the exhaust gas. Therefore, ammonia or ammonia-releasing reagents are used as the reducing agent. As a rule, an aqueous urea solution is used for this purpose, which is injected into the exhaust gas line upstream of the SCR catalytic converter. From this solution forms ammonia, which acts as a reducing agent. The aqueous urea solution which is commercially available under the name AdBlue ®, consists of one third of urea and two-thirds water. It has a freezing point of -11.5 ° C.
Bei niedrigen Temperaturen muss die Harnstofflösung im Reduktionsmitteltank des SCR-Systems aufgetaut werden. Hierzu kann eine Tankheizung vorgesehen sein, die als elektrische Heizung ausgeführt ist. Sie weist ein Metallprofil, zwei parallel geschaltete, elektrische Heizelemente und eine Kunststoffumspritzung auf, welche das Metallprofil und die Heizelemente von der korrosiven Wirkung der Harnstofflösung schützt. Die elektrische Kennlinie der Heizelemente ist nichtlinear und so gewählt, dass ausgehend von einem normalen Betriebspunkt bei steigenden Temperaturen der elektrische Widerstand ansteigt. Somit sinkt die Heizleistung. Im Heizfall soll möglichst viel Heizleistung an die Harnstofflösung abgegeben werden. Limitierende Faktoren sind der maximal zulässige Strom und die Temperaturlast auf die Kunststoffumspritzung.At low temperatures, the urea solution in the reductant tank of the SCR system must be thawed. For this purpose, a tank heater may be provided, which is designed as an electric heater. It has a metal profile, two electrical heating elements connected in parallel and a plastic coating which protects the metal profile and the heating elements from the corrosive effect of the urea solution. The electrical characteristic of the heating elements is non-linear and chosen so that, starting from a normal operating point with increasing temperatures, the electrical resistance increases. Thus, the heating power decreases. When heating, as much heating power as possible should be dissipated to the urea solution. Limiting factors are the maximum permissible current and the temperature load on the plastic coating.
Bei gegebener elektrischer Spannung stellt sich nach einiger Zeit ein Gleichgewicht zwischen der elektrischen Leistung ein und dem thermischen Vermögen diese Leistung an die Umgebung abzugeben. Dieses Gleichgewicht hängt vom Design des Metallprofils und vom Füllstand im Reduktionsmitteltank sowie von der Umgebungstemperatur ab. Die Tankheizung muss in vielen verschiedenen Betriebszuständen funktionieren und je nach Füllstand und Temperatur möglichst viel Heizleistung generieren, darf dabei aber die Kunststoffumspritzung nicht schädigen. Die nichtlineare Widerstandskennlinie wird deshalb so gewählt, dass die thermische Last auf die Kunststoffumspritzung nicht zu hoch ist.For a given electrical voltage, after some time, there will be a balance between the electrical power and the thermal power to deliver that power to the environment. This balance depends on the design of the metal profile and the level in the reducing agent tank as well as the ambient temperature. The tank heater must work in many different operating conditions and generate as much heating power as possible, depending on the level and temperature, but must not damage the plastic coating. The non-linear resistance characteristic is therefore chosen so that the thermal load on the plastic extrusion is not too high.
Offenbarung der ErfindungDisclosure of the invention
Die Tankheizung für einen Reduktionsmitteltank eines SCR-Systems weist mehrere, insbesondere zwei, elektrisch parallel geschaltete Kaltleiter auf. Kaltleiter, die auch als PTC-Widerstände oder PTC-Thermistoren (PTC = Positive Temperature Coefficient) bezeichnet werden, sind temperaturabhängige Widerstände. Sie weisen einen positiven Temperaturkoeffizienten auf und leiten bei tiefen Temperaturen den elektrischen Strom besser als bei hohen Temperaturen. Zur Verwendung als selbstregelnde Heizelemente in einer Tankheizung basieren die Kaltleiter insbesondere auf einem Keramikmaterial wie beispielsweise Bariumtitanat (BaTiO3).The tank heater for a reducing agent tank of an SCR system has several, in particular two, electrically connected in parallel PTC thermistor. PTC thermistors, which are also referred to as PTC resistors or PTC thermistors (PTC = Positive Temperature Coefficient), are temperature-dependent resistors. They have a positive temperature coefficient and conduct electricity at low temperatures better than at high temperatures. For use as self-regulating heating elements in a tank heater, the PTC thermistors are based in particular on a ceramic material such as barium titanate (BaTiO 3 ).
Die Parallelschaltung der Kaltleiter wird durch eine elektrische Kennlinie charakterisiert, in welcher der Gesamtwiderstand der parallel geschalteten Kaltleiter über ihrer mittleren Temperatur aufgetragen wird. Die mittlere Temperatur ist dabei der Mittelwert der Einzeltemperaturen der Kaltleiter. Um eine maximale Heizleistung im Heizfall zu erreichen und gleichzeitig sicherzustellen, dass die thermische Last auf die Kunststoffumspritzung nicht zu hoch ist, sind die Kaltleiter so ausgeführt, dass bei einer ersten mittleren Temperatur der Kaltleiter, die im Bereich von 30,0°C bis 70,0°C liegt, diese einen ersten elektrischen Gesamtwiderstand aufweisen, der im Bereich von 1,40 Ω bis 1,60 Ω liegt.The parallel connection of the thermistors is characterized by an electrical characteristic in which the total resistance of the parallel PTC thermistors is applied above their mean temperature. The average temperature is the mean value of the individual temperatures of the PTC thermistors. In order to achieve a maximum heating power in the heating case and at the same time to ensure that the thermal load on the plastic extrusion is not too high, the PTC thermistors are designed so that at a first average temperature of the PTC thermistors in the range of 30.0 ° C to 70 , 0 ° C, these have a first total electrical resistance, which is in the range of 1.40 Ω to 1.60 Ω.
Dieser erste elektrische Gesamtwiderstand ist im typischen Betriebsbereich einer Tankheizung, die in einem Temperaturbereich von - 30°C bis 128°C liegt, vorzugsweise der minimale elektrische Gesamtwiderstand der parallel geschalteten Kaltleiter. Die erste mittlere Temperatur wird in diesem Fall auch als Referenztemperatur bezeichnet, von der aus der elektrische Gesamtwiderstand bei Ansteigen der Temperatur steil ansteigt. Dies führt zu selbstregelnden Eigenschaften der Tankheizung, so dass diese bei Abweichungen von der Referenztemperatur durch Ansteigen des Gesamtwiderstandes wieder auf die Referenztemperatur zurückgeregelt wird. Auch wenn die Temperatur unter die Referenztemperatur sinkt, erfolgt ein Ansteigen des elektrischen Gesamtwiderstandes.This first total electrical resistance is in the typical operating range of a tank heater, which is in a temperature range of - 30 ° C to 128 ° C, preferably the minimum total electrical resistance of the parallel PTC thermistors. The first average temperature is also referred to in this case as the reference temperature, from which the total electrical resistance rises sharply as the temperature rises. This leads to self-regulating properties of the tank heater, so that these in case of deviations from the reference temperature by increasing the total resistance back to the reference temperature is back regulated. Even if the temperature drops below the reference temperature, there is an increase in the total electrical resistance.
Um über den gesamten Betriebsbereich der Tankheizung eine optimale Heizleistung zu erhalten, weist die Widerstandskennlinie vorzugsweise weitere im Folgenden beschriebene charakteristische Stützpunkte auf:In order to obtain an optimum heating power over the entire operating range of the tank heater, the resistance characteristic preferably has further characteristic support points described below:
Bei einer zweiten mittleren Temperatur der Kaltleiter, die im Bereich von 70,5°C bis 81,5°C liegt, weisen die parallel geschalteten Kaltleiter vorzugsweise einen zweiten elektrischen Gesamtwiderstand auf, der im Bereich von 1,40 Ω bis 1,60 Ω liegt. Da dieser Bereich deckungsgleich mit dem Bereich des ersten elektrischen Gesamtwiderstandes ist, ist als weitere Bedingung zu beachten, dass der zweite elektrische Gesamtwiderstand größer oder gleich als der erste elektrische Gesamtwiderstand ist.At a second average temperature of the PTC thermistors, which is in the range of 70.5 ° C to 81.5 ° C, the parallel-connected PTC thermistors preferably have a second total electrical resistance in the range of 1.40 Ω to 1.60 Ω lies. Since this region is congruent with the region of the first total electrical resistance, it is to be noted as a further condition that the second total electrical resistance is greater than or equal to the first total electrical resistance.
Bei einer dritten mittleren Temperatur der Kaltleiter, die im Bereich von 82,0°C bis 104,0°C liegt, weisen die Kaltleiter einen dritten elektrischen Gesamtwiderstand auf, der im Bereich von 1,48 Ω bis 1,82 Ω liegt. Da sich dieser Bereich mit dem Bereich des zweiten elektrischen Gesamtwiderstandes überschneidet, ist die weitere Bedingung zu beachten, dass der dritte elektrische Gesamtwiderstand größer als der zweite elektrische Gesamtwiderstand ist.At a third average temperature of the PTC thermistors, which is in the range of 82.0 ° C to 104.0 ° C, the PTC thermistors have a third total electrical resistance, which is in the range of 1.48 Ω to 1.82 Ω. Since this range overlaps the range of the second total electrical resistance, it is to be noted that the third total electric resistance is larger than the second total electric resistance.
Ein vierter elektrischer Gesamtwiderstand liegt im Bereich von 1,97 Ω bis 2,35 Ω. Dieser tritt bei einer vierten mittleren Temperatur der Kaltleiter auf, die im Bereich von 90,0°C bis 110,0°C liegt. Da sich dieser Temperaturbereich mit dem Bereich der dritten mittleren Temperatur überschneidet, ist als weitere Bedingung zu beachten, dass die vierte mittlere Temperatur größer als die dritte mittlere Temperatur ist.A fourth total electrical resistance is in the range of 1.97 Ω to 2.35 Ω. This occurs at a fourth mean temperature of the PTC thermistors, which is in the range of 90.0 ° C to 110.0 ° C. Since this temperature range overlaps with the range of the third average temperature, it should be noted as a further condition that the fourth average temperature is greater than the third average temperature.
Ein fünfter elektrischer Gesamtwiderstand der Kaltleiter liegt im Bereich von 4,75 Ω bis 6,11 Ω. Dieser tritt bei einer fünften mittleren Temperatur der Kaltleiter im Bereich von 90,0°C bis 120,0°C auf. Da dieser Temperaturbereich den Temperaturbereich der vierten mittleren Temperatur vollständig einschließt, ist als weitere Bedingung zu beachten, dass die fünfte mittlere Temperatur größer als die vierte mittlere Temperatur ist.A fifth total electrical resistance of the PTC thermistors ranges from 4.75 Ω to 6.11 Ω. This occurs at a fifth average temperature of the PTC thermistors in the range of 90.0 ° C to 120.0 ° C. Since this temperature range completely encloses the temperature range of the fourth average temperature, it should be noted as a further condition that the fifth average temperature is greater than the fourth average temperature.
Ein sechster elektrischer Gesamtwiderstand der Kaltleiter liegt im Bereich von 11,10 Ω bis 32,10 Ω. Dieser tritt bei einer sechsten mittleren Temperatur der Kaltleiter auf, die im Bereich von 90,0°C bis 128,0°C liegt. Da dieser Temperaturbereich den Temperaturbereich der fünften mittleren Temperatur vollständig einschließt, ist als weitere Bedingung zu beachten, dass die sechste mittlere Temperatur größer als die fünfte mittlere Temperatur ist.A sixth total electrical resistance of the PTC thermistors is in the range of 11.10 Ω to 32.10 Ω. This occurs at a sixth average temperature of the PTC thermistors, which is in the range of 90.0 ° C to 128.0 ° C. Since this temperature range completely encloses the temperature range of the fifth average temperature, it is to be noted as a further condition that the sixth average temperature is greater than the fifth average temperature.
Es ist weiterhin bevorzugt, dass ein elektronisches Steuergerät eingerichtet ist, um eine Bestromung der Kaltleiter so zu steuern, dass in vorgegebenen Betriebszuständen der Tankheizung der Gesamtwiderstand der Kaltleiter gemäß einer temperaturabhängigen Kennlinie begrenzt wird. Bei den vorgegebenen Betriebszuständen handelt es sich insbesondere um einen leeren Reduktionsmitteltank und um eine Umgebungstemperatur, die einen vorgegebenen Schwellenwert überschreitet. Die Temperaturbegrenzung in diesen Betriebszuständen hat den Vorteil, dass die thermomechanische Last auf die Kaltleiter minimiert wird, wenn kein normaler Heizfall vorliegt.It is further preferred that an electronic control unit is set up to control energization of the PTC thermistor so that is limited in predetermined operating conditions of the tank heater, the total resistance of the PTC thermistor according to a temperature-dependent characteristic. The given operating states are, in particular, an empty reducing agent tank and an ambient temperature which exceeds a predetermined threshold value. The temperature limitation in these operating states has the advantage that the thermo-mechanical load on the PTC thermistors is minimized when there is no normal heating case.
Die in dem elektronischen Steuergerät hinterlegte Kennlinie ist vorzugsweise eine empirisch ermittelte Kennlinie, welche die Abweichung des tatsächlichen Verhaltens der Kaltleiter von ihrem theoretischen Verhalten abbildet. Insbesondere wurde diese Kennlinie ermittelt, indem ein theoretischer Wert des ersten elektrischen Gesamtwiderstandes mit einem Wert des ersten elektrischen Gesamtwiderstandes verglichen wurde, der in einem Betrieb der Tankheizung gemessen wurde. Dabei wird ausgenutzt, dass der erste elektrische Gesamtwiderstand als minimaler Gesamtwiderstand in der Widerstandskennlinie der Tankheizung für diese besonders charakteristisch ist.The characteristic stored in the electronic control unit is preferably an empirically determined characteristic curve which maps the deviation of the actual behavior of the PTC thermistors from their theoretical behavior. In particular, this characteristic was determined by comparing a theoretical value of the first total electrical resistance with a value of the first total electrical resistance measured in an operation of the tank heater. It is exploited that the first total electrical resistance as the minimum total resistance in the resistance characteristic of the tank heater is particularly characteristic of this.
Figurenlistelist of figures
Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung ist in den Zeichnungen dargestellt und wird in der nachfolgenden Beschreibung näher erläutert.
-
1 zeigt eine teilweise aufgeschnittene isometrische Darstellung einer Tankheizung gemäß einem Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung. -
2 zeigt ein Ersatzschaltbild einer Tankheizung gemäß einem Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung. -
3 zeigt in einem Diagramm eine Widerstandskennlinie einer Tankheizung gemäß einem Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung. -
4 zeigt in einem Diagramm zulässige Toleranzen bei der Wahl der Widerstandskennlinie gemäß3 .
-
1 shows a partially cutaway isometric view of a tank heater according to an embodiment of the invention. -
2 shows an equivalent circuit diagram of a tank heater according to an embodiment of the invention. -
3 shows a diagram of a resistance characteristic of a tank heater according to an embodiment of the invention. -
4 shows in a diagram permissible tolerances in the choice of the resistance characteristic according to3 ,
Ausführungsbeispiele der ErfindungEmbodiments of the invention
Wie in
Die Kaltleiter
Die Toleranzbereiche ± ΔTi der mittleren Temperaturen Ti der Kaltleiter
Im normalen Heizfall der Tankheizung zeigt diese aufgrund der Auswahl der Kaltleiter
Dieses Lernen erfolgt mittels eines Faktors F, der gemäß Formel 2 berechnet wird:
Hierbei wird neben dem aus Tabelle 2 bekannten Gesamtwiderstand RGes_1 ein zuvor bei der Temperatur T1 gemessener tatsächlicher minimaler Gesamtwiderstand Rmess,min berücksichtigt. Dieser kann gemäß Formel 3 berechnet werden:
Hierbei bezeichnet U(T1), die bei der Temperatur T1 anliegende elektrische Spannung, Imax(T1) bezeichnet den bei der Temperatur T1 fließenden elektrischen Strom, der hier maximal ist, und
Claims (9)
Priority Applications (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102017217004.2A DE102017217004A1 (en) | 2017-09-26 | 2017-09-26 | tank heater |
| KR1020180111907A KR20190035533A (en) | 2017-09-26 | 2018-09-19 | Tank heater |
| GB1815529.1A GB2568587A (en) | 2017-09-26 | 2018-09-24 | Tank heater |
| CN201811115797.4A CN109555582A (en) | 2017-09-26 | 2018-09-25 | Storage tank heating device |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102017217004.2A DE102017217004A1 (en) | 2017-09-26 | 2017-09-26 | tank heater |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DE102017217004A1 true DE102017217004A1 (en) | 2019-03-28 |
Family
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102017217004.2A Withdrawn DE102017217004A1 (en) | 2017-09-26 | 2017-09-26 | tank heater |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| KR (1) | KR20190035533A (en) |
| CN (1) | CN109555582A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE102017217004A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2568587A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110456186A (en) * | 2019-07-22 | 2019-11-15 | 老肯医疗科技股份有限公司 | A kind of heater attenuation test system and test method |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102019214435A1 (en) * | 2019-09-23 | 2021-03-25 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Heating device |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102008044271B4 (en) * | 2008-12-02 | 2023-07-06 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Procedure for checking the function of an electrical heating device |
| US8978450B2 (en) * | 2010-07-22 | 2015-03-17 | Watlow Electric Manufacturing Company | Combination fluid sensor system |
| CN103635667B (en) * | 2011-07-07 | 2016-03-16 | 贝卡尔特公司 | Tank for selective catalytic reduction with heating element |
| DE102015201760A1 (en) * | 2015-02-02 | 2016-08-04 | Smk Systeme Metall Kunststoff Gmbh & Co. Kg. | Heater with mounted in a mounting element PTC heating element for a tank, in particular for a urea tank |
| DE102016203496A1 (en) * | 2016-03-03 | 2017-09-07 | Röchling Automotive SE & Co. KG | Electric heater with PTC element and electrical supply lines as Wärmeleitkörper and operating fluid tank with such a heater |
-
2017
- 2017-09-26 DE DE102017217004.2A patent/DE102017217004A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2018
- 2018-09-19 KR KR1020180111907A patent/KR20190035533A/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2018-09-24 GB GB1815529.1A patent/GB2568587A/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2018-09-25 CN CN201811115797.4A patent/CN109555582A/en active Pending
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110456186A (en) * | 2019-07-22 | 2019-11-15 | 老肯医疗科技股份有限公司 | A kind of heater attenuation test system and test method |
| CN110456186B (en) * | 2019-07-22 | 2021-11-26 | 老肯医疗科技股份有限公司 | Heater attenuation test system and test method |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN109555582A (en) | 2019-04-02 |
| KR20190035533A (en) | 2019-04-03 |
| GB201815529D0 (en) | 2018-11-07 |
| GB2568587A (en) | 2019-05-22 |
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