DE102017106211A1 - Vibronic measuring system for measuring a mass flow rate - Google Patents

Abstract

Vibronic measuring system for measuring a mass flow rate, m, of a fluid (FL1), in particular in a pipeline, in particular a gas, a liquid or a dispersion, comprising: - a, in particular by means of a microprocessor and / or a Digital measuring processor formed, measuring and operating electronics (ME), - as well as with the same measuring and operating electronics (ME) electrically coupled, esp. Also mechanically connected, converter device, - wherein the converter device (MW) comprises: - a a first, at least partially curved and / or at least partially straight, extending from an inlet-side first end (11a) to an outlet-side second end (11b) extending from a, in particular metallic, walled lumen (11 ') Pipe (11) provided therefor, at least from a partial volume of the fluid (FL1), starting from the inlet-side first end in the direction of the outlet side a second temperature-end coupled to the wall of the first tube, which is positioned less far from the first end (11a) of the first tube (11) as the first pipe (11) of the second end (11b) and provided therefor, a first measuring point temperature (θ1), namely a temperature of the wall of the first pipe at an inlet side formed by the same temperature sensor (71) and a first temperature measuring signal (θ1), namely a first electrical measuring signal representing the first measuring point temperature (θ1), in particular with an electrical signal voltage dependent on the first measuring point temperature and / or with an electrical signal current dependent on the first measuring point temperature - to change, - one, especially as the first temp Thermal sensor (71), thermally conductive with the wall of the first tube coupled, esp. The first temperature sensor (71) identical, second temperature sensor (72), --- less far from the second end (12b) of the first tube (12) is positioned as a first pipe (12) of the first end (12a) and which is intended to have a second measuring point temperature (θ2), namely a temperature of the wall of the first pipe at a temperature sensor (72). to detect and formed in a second Temperaturmeßsignal (θ2), namely a second Meßstellenentemperatur (θ2) representing the second electrical measurement signal, esp. With one of the same second Meßstellenentemperatur dependent electrical signal voltage and / or with an electrical signal current dependent on the same second measuring point temperature; - At least one, esp. Electrodynamic, vibration exciter (41) for exciting and maintaining mechanical vibrations of the first tube to an associated static rest position, esp. Of bending vibrations of the first tube about a first end with its second end imaginary connecting imaginary axis of vibration - an electrodynamic first vibration sensor (51) for detecting mechanical vibrations of the first pipe (11) positioned less far from the first end (11a) of the first pipe (11) than the second one End (11b) of the same first pipe (11) --- and adapted to detect vibration movements of the first pipe at an intake side first vibration measuring point formed by the same vibration sensor (51) and a first vibration signal (s1) representing the same vibration motion to generate - and at least one, esp. Electrodynamic and / or z a second vibration sensor (52) identical to a first vibration sensor (51) for detecting mechanical vibrations of the first pipe (11) positioned less far from the second end (11b) of the first pipe (11) than the first end (11a) Namely, the first pipe (11) --- and adapted to detect vibration movements of the first pipe at an outlet side second vibration measuring point formed by the same vibration sensor (52) and to output a second vibration signal (s2) representing the same vibration motion such that between the first oscillation signal (s1) and namely the second oscillation signal (s2) there exists a phase difference (Δφ) which is determined by both the mass flow rate, m, and a temperature difference between a second oscillation sensor (52) of the first vibration sensor (51) established esp. At least temporarily with a Änderungsgesc The measuring and operating electronics (ME) are connected to each of the first and second vibration sensors (51, 52) as well as to each of the first and second vibration sensors (51, 52) and second temperature sensors (71, 72) and also electrically connected to the at least one vibration exciter (41); - wherein the measuring and operating electronics (ME) are arranged to effect mechanical oscillations of the first tube (11) by means of an electrical Excitation signal (e1) to supply electric power to the at least vibration exciter (41); and wherein the measurement and operation electronics (ME) are arranged using each of the first and second vibration signals (s1, s2) as well as each of the first and second temperature measurement signals (θ1, θ2) comprise a mass flow sequence (X), namely a sequence of successive M, each time the mass flow rate, m, of the fluid currently representing M mass flow rate of a mass flowing through the converter device, at least for a reference mass flow rate (m), namely a predetermined, especially not more than 1 kg / h amount and / or kept constant mass flow rate , for example also laminar and / or with a Reynolds number of less than 1000 flowing through the first tube and / or a specific heat capacity (c) of more than 1 kJ · kg · Kund / or less than 4.2 kJ · kg · Proprietary, reference fluids, esp. A liquid or gas mass flow measurements (x → x) of the temperature difference (Δ9) are independent, esp. Such, --- that for at least one non-zero, but constant reference -Massendurchflußrate (m) temporally successively determined mass flow measurements (x → x) even at different, namely more than 1 K amount and / or less than 10 K amounts and / or over time with a spa deviate from one another by more than 1 K scattering and / or with a rate of change of more than 0.05 K / s time-varying temperature differences of not more than 0.01% of the same reference mass flow rate (m), --- and / or that represent a scale zero point of the measuring and operating electronics (ME), namely in each case in the case of a non-fluid flow) even at different, nevertheless more than 1 K amount and / or less than 10 K amounts and / or in time Course with a span of more than 1 K and / or less than 10 K scattering and / or with a rate of change of more than 0.05 K / s time-varying temperature differences less than 0.01 kg / h or less than 0, 01 kg / h differ from each other.

Description

The invention relates to a, in particular for measuring a physical measured variable of a fluid flowing in a pipeline vibronic measuring system.

In industrial measuring and automation technology, highly precise determination of measured values for at least one physical measured variable of a fluid flowing in a pipeline - for example a substance parameter, such as a density, and / or a flow parameter, such as a mass flow rate, of a gas Liquid or a dispersion - often vibronic, namely formed by a vibronic transducer device used measuring systems. In particular, in this case, such vibronic measuring systems have been established in which the transducer device comprises at least one tube having a lumen usually surrounded by a metallic wall, the same - from a inlet-side first end to an outlet-side second end extending - tube is arranged flowing from the first end towards the outlet end second end, through at least a part volume of the fluid to be measured and being vibrated during that time, and in which the transducer device serves both to actively energize and to evaluate mechanical vibrations of the tubes , For example, formed by at least one microprocessor, measuring and operating electronics is connected.

The respective measuring and operating electronics can also be electrically connected via corresponding electrical lines to a superordinate electronic data processing system, which is usually arranged remotely and usually spatially distributed, to which the measured values generated by the respective measuring system are connected by means of at least one of these according to carrying measured value signal in real time, for example, in real time, to be passed. Measuring systems of the type in question are also usually by means of a provided within the parent data processing system data transmission network and / or associated with appropriate electronic process controls, such as locally installed programmable logic controllers (PLC) or installed in a remote control room process control computers, where the be generated by means of the respective measuring system and digitized in a suitable manner and appropriately coded measured values. By means of such process control computers, the transmitted measured values can be further processed and used as corresponding measurement results, e.g. visualized on monitors and / or in control signals for other than field devices trained field devices, such. Solenoid valves, electric motors, etc., to be converted. Since modern measuring arrangements usually also directly monitored and / or configured from such host computers and can be controlled and / or configured in a similar manner via the aforementioned, usually with respect to the transmission physics and / or the transmission logic hybrid data transmission networks assigned to the measuring system operating data. Accordingly, the data processing system usually also serves to condition the measured value signal supplied by the measuring system in accordance with the requirements of downstream data transmission networks, for example suitably to digitize and optionally convert into a corresponding telegram, and / or evaluate it on site. For this purpose, electrically coupled evaluation circuits are provided in such data processing systems with the respective connecting lines, which pre-process and / or further process the measured values received from the respective measuring system and, if necessary, convert them appropriately. For data transmission serve in such industrial data processing systems at least in sections, especially serial, field buses, such. FOUNDATION FIELDBUS, RACKBUS-RS 485, PROFIBUS etc., or, for example, also networks based on the ETHERNET standard as well as the corresponding, generally comprehensive standardized transmission protocols. Alternatively or in addition, in modern measuring systems of the type in question, measured values can also be transmitted wirelessly to the respective data processing system. In addition to the evaluation circuits provided for the processing and conversion of the measured values supplied by the respectively connected measuring system, such higher-level data processing systems usually also supply the connected measuring systems with electrical power supply circuits which supply a corresponding supply voltage, possibly supplied directly by the connected fieldbus provide the respective electronics and drive the electrical lines connected thereto as well as the electrical currents flowing through the respective electronics. In this case, a supply circuit can, for example, be associated with exactly one measuring system or corresponding electronics and, together with the evaluation circuit assigned to the respective measuring system-for example, to a corresponding fieldbus adapter-in a common, e.g. be designed as DIN rail module trained, electronics housing. But it is also quite common to accommodate each supply circuits and evaluation circuits in separate, possibly spatially distant electronics housings and to wire together via external lines accordingly.

The structure and mode of operation of vibronic transducer devices of the type in question or of vibronic measuring systems formed therewith - for example, also designed as Coriolis mass flow rate measuring devices and / or also as density and / or viscosity measuring devices - are known to the person skilled in the art and for example in the US-A 2001/0037690 , of the US-A 2004/0031328 , of the US-A 2004/0187599 , of the US-A 2005/0125167 , of the US-A 2006/0161359 , of the US-A 2007/0119264 , of the US-A 2010/0242623 , of the US-A 2011/0113896 , of the US-A 2011/0146416 , of the US-A 2011/0265580 , of the US-A 2012/0073384 , of the US-A 2014/0060154 , of the US Pat. No. 4,768,384 , of the US-A 48 01 897 , of the US-A 50 24 104 , of the US-A 56 02 345 , of the US Pat. No. 5,796,012 , of the US-A 63 11 136 , of the US-B 75 49 319 , of the WO-A 01/29519 , of the WO-A 01/71290 , of the WO-A 02/097379 , of the WO-A 2005/031285 , of the WO-A 2009/134268 , of the WO-A 2012/018323 , of the WO-A 2012/033504 , of the WO-A 2013/092104 , of the WO-A 2014/151829 , of the WO-A 2015/135738 , of the WO-A 2015/135739 , of the WO-A 2015/165468 , of the WO-A 2016/058745 , of the WO-A 2016/059132 , of the WO-A 2015/156767 , of the WO-A 88/02853 , of the WO-A 94/21999 , of the WO-A 96/07081 , of the WO-A 98/52000 , of the WO-A 98/02725 or the WO-A 99/39164 shown. Accordingly, such a converter device has in each case one by means of at least one, for example electrodynamic, vibration exciter formed electro-mechanical exciter assembly which is set up Nutzschwingungen the at least one tube, namely mechanical vibrations with at least a predetermined oscillation frequency of the tube to a static rest position associated therewith, for example mechanical vibrations of the tube around a first end with its second end imaginary connecting imaginary first axis of vibration, to stimulate or maintain. Typically, this electrodynamic vibration exciter, namely by means of a permanent magnet fixed to the tubes and by means of a to another, for example, also flowed through, fixed tube and formed with the permanent magnet interacting exciter formed vibration exciter used. As useful vibrations of the tube are those vibrations that are suitable to induce in the flowing fluid of a mass flow rate (m) dependent Coriolis forces, possibly even those that are suitable in the flowing fluid of a viscosity (η) dependent friction or damping forces and / or which are capable of inducing inertial forces dependent on a density (p) in the flowing fluid. As a useful frequency, namely as the oscillation frequency of the useful oscillations in vibronic measuring systems of the type in question usually one of the fluid leading at least one tube inherent resonant frequencies selected, typically namely a resonant frequency of a bending vibration basic mode of at least one tube.

For detecting mechanical oscillations of the at least one pipe, not least also the useful vibrations and / or of Coriolis forces forced by the aforementioned Coriolis forces, the transducer devices used in vibronic measuring systems of the type in question also each have one by means of at least two, for example electrodynamic or optical, vibration sensors formed vibration sensor assembly which is adapted to at least two vibration signals, namely in each case a vibrational movements of the at least one pipe representing electrical measurement signal, for example, with a dependent of a speed of the vibration movements of the tubes or a corresponding vibration frequency electrical (signal) AC voltage to generate; this in particular in such a way that exists between the at least two vibration signals dependent on the mass flow rate phase difference or such that each of the at least two vibration signals having a frequency corresponding to a vibration frequency of the at least one tube signal frequency. The vibration sensing sensors of such transducer devices are spaced from each other in the flow direction at least one tube such that one of the vibration sensors is positioned less far from the first end of the tube to form an inlet side first vibration measuring location than the second end and the other the vibration sensor is positioned less far from the second end of the tube to form an outlet side second vibration measuring location than from the first end.

Transducer devices of the type in question furthermore typically each comprise a transducer housing having a cavity surrounded by a wall, for example a metallic wall, within which at least one tube including the components of the at least one vibration generator and the at least one vibration sensor in one of the above-described oscillations arranged so that, between one of the cavity facing inner surface of the wall of the converter housing and a lateral surface of the wall of the tube, namely a cavity facing the outer surface of the wall of the tube - usually with air or an inert gas filled - gap is formed. In addition, the respective measuring and operating electronics are typically housed within at least one comparatively robust, in particular impact, pressure, and / or weatherproof, electronic housing. The, for example, made of stainless steel or aluminum, electronics housing can be located away from the transducer device and with this via a flexible cable be connected; but it can also be arranged or fixed directly to the transducer device, for example, namely the aforementioned converter housing.

The measuring and operating electronics of such vibronic measuring systems are further adapted to receive and process each of the at least two vibration signals, for example to digitize and evaluate them. Specifically, the measuring and operating electronics, using the at least two oscillatory signals, repetitively generate a mass flow rate reading, namely a mass flow rate representative measure, or generate a mass flow rate sequence, namely, one using the at least two oscillatory signals Sequence of temporally successive, in each case the mass flow rate of the fluid currently representing mass flow measurements. In addition to the evaluation of the at least two vibration signals, the measuring and operating electronics of vibronic measuring systems of the type described above typically also serve to generate at least one, for example harmonic and / or clocked, drive signal for the at least one electro-mechanical vibration exciter. The same driver signal can be regulated, for example, with regard to a current intensity and / or a voltage level and / or a signal frequency.

When used in industrial measurement and automation vibronic measurement systems, the measuring and operating electronics is usually realized by means of one or more, possibly also as digital signal processors (DSP) designed microprocessors, such that the measuring and operating electronics, the respective Measured values for the at least one material or flow parameter are determined by numerical calculation of digital acquisition values obtained from measurement signals of the respective conversion device, for example, based on the at least two oscillation signals, and provide inform of corresponding digital values, in particular also in real time.

In converter devices of the type in question or vibronic measuring systems formed therewith, another (auxiliary) measured quantity which is important for the operation, not least also for the precise determination of the measured values for the at least one material or flow parameter, is also a converter temperature , which is suitable for characterizing a thermodynamic state of the converter device or its influence on the vibration characteristics of the converter device that are relevant for the measurement of the at least one mass or flow parameter (target temperature). In particular, the transducer temperature should be suitable, a dependence of the vibration characteristics of the at least one tube or the Schwingungsmeßsignale of a spatial temperature distribution within the transducer device measuring technology in one for the desired high accuracy, with the measured values for the at least one measured variable - not least the measured values for the mass flow rate determined by means of computer-based real-time calculation or else the density and / or the viscosity are to be able to be compensated to a sufficient degree. The same converter temperature is determined regularly in measuring systems of the type in question based on a detected on the wall of the at least one tube temperature. For detecting the tube temperature, such converter devices, such as, inter alia, in the aforementioned US Pat. No. 5,796,012 . US-A 2004/0187599 . US-A 2005/0125167 , of the WO-A 2009/134268 . WO-A 01/71290 . WO-A 98/52000 or WO-A 98/02725 Therefore, further shown one or more each by means of a disposed within the space, and therefore in operation not contacted by the contacted in the lumen of at least one tube temperature sensor, such as a platinum measuring resistor, a thermistor or a thermocouple, the respective temperature sensor each thermally conductive with the wall of the at least one tube and is electrically coupled to the measuring and operating electronics. The temperature sensor can be formed by means of a single temperature sensor or even by means of a plurality of such temperature-sensitive electrical or electronic components formed electrical circuits, such as in the form of a Wheatstone measuring bridge. The at least one temperature sensor is adapted to a corresponding to a temperature at a Temperaturmeßstelle formed by the respective temperature sensor Meßstellententemperatur in a corresponding Temperaturmeßsignal, namely a respective Meßstellenentemperatur representing electrical measurement signal, for example, with a nämlicher Meßstellentemperatur dependent electrical signal voltage and / or one of them Measuring point temperature dependent electrical signal current, to convert. Furthermore, the measuring and operating electronics can also be set up to generate measured values for the at least one measured variable using at least one temperature measuring signal generated by means of the converter device.

Experimental investigations on conventional transducer devices of the type in question have shown that not only, as, inter alia, in the above-mentioned WO-A 2009/134268 discusses with an on an inner side facing the lumen of an undesired lining infested wall, but also in their use for measuring the mass flow rate of fluids with a comparatively low, for example, in a range between 1 kJ · kg ^-1 · K ^-1 and 4.2 kJ · kg ^-1 · K ^-1 lying, specific heat capacity and / or when used in applications with a rapidly changing measuring point temperature, for example in spite of the inclusion of the aforementioned temperature measurement signal in the calculation of the mass flow measurement values, surprisingly high measurement errors, for example also of more than 0.05% or more than 1 kg / h, are occasionally observed as a result of a rapidly changing fluid temperature or as a result of abrupt metering can. Although for those in the WO-A 2009/134268 discussed cases the aforementioned temperature difference .DELTA..theta. is regularly formed larger than intact transducer device or with intact tube, esp. With not attacked by a covering wall, and otherwise the same boundary conditions, they can still assume a no longer negligible for the actually desired high accuracy measurement , In particular, such increased measurement errors have been found to be very hot (> 50 K) or very cold (-50 K) in applications with comparatively fast-flowing high viscosity oils, such as in environments with ambient temperature surrounding the transducer device the filling of storage tanks or fuel tanks on ships (Bunkering), at intermittently operated measuring points, such as in bottling plants, or in connection with the measurement of the mass flow rate in recurring with hot cleaning fluids fixed to clean (CIP - cleaning in place) or Sterilization (SIP - sterilization in place) procedural plants are detected. At a in the aforementioned WO-A 2016/058745 shown vibronic measuring system, the associated transducer device for reducing such measurement errors is tempered before the actual measurement, namely brought to a steady operating temperature corresponding to an expected during the actual measurement fluid temperature or a corresponding thermal equilibrium state, or is a liquid to be measured preconditioned suitably conditioned, for example, vented. This is done here by a corresponding recirculation of each fluid to be measured. The measuring system has an additional, yet complex valve control and additional supply or return fluid lines. Further investigations on such used or in the laboratory corresponding measurement conditions exposed conventional transducer devices have also shown that the vorbezeichnet phase difference between the at least two vibration signals despite constant mass flow rate and constant Meßstellentemperatur, thus even in the thermal equilibrium state transducer device or actually stationary measurement conditions in a considerable , namely, can spread the measurement accuracy significantly impairing measure; this in particular even at low Reynolds numbers (Re) of less than 1000 having, in particular laminar, or held constant at less than 1 kg / h, for example, zero, amounting mass flow rate fluid flows.

The calculation bearing on an object of the invention is to improve a measurement accuracy of measuring systems of the aforementioned type so that the thus for flowing fluids with low specific heat capacity and / or with a significantly deviating from an ambient temperature fluid temperature and / or thus for Fluid flow measurements with mass flow rates determined to be low Reynolds numbers (<1000) or less than 1 kg / h reproducibly have a low measurement error, in particular of less than 0.05% and / or less than 1 kg / h ,

• • ein ein von einer, beispielsweise metallischen, Wandung umhülltes Lumen aufweisendes, sich von einem einlaßseitigen ersten Ende bis zu einem auslaßseitigen zweiten Ende erstreckendes erstes Rohr, das dafür vorgesehen bzw. eingerichtet ist, zumindest von einem Teilvolumen des Fluids, ausgehend vom einlaßseitigen ersten Ende in Richtung des auslaßseitigen zweiten Ende, durchströmt und währenddessen vibrieren gelassen zu werden;
• • einen thermisch leitend mit der Wandung des ersten Rohrs gekoppelten ersten Temperatursensor, der weniger weit vom ersten Ende des ersten Rohrs entfernt positioniert ist als vom zweiten Ende nämlichen ersten Rohres und der dafür vorgesehen bzw. eingerichtet ist, eine erste Meßstellentemperatur, nämlich eine Temperatur der Wandung des ersten Rohrs an einer mittels nämlichen Temperatursensors gebildeten einlaßseitigen ersten Temperaturmeßstelle, zu erfassen und in ein erstes Temperaturmeßsignal, nämlich ein die erste Meßstellentemperatur repräsentierendes erstes elektrisches Meßsignal, beispielsweise mit einer von nämlicher ersten Meßstellentemperatur abhängigen elektrische Signalspannung und/oder mit einem von nämlicher ersten Meßstellentemperatur abhängigen elektrischen Signalstrom, zu wandeln;
• • einen, beispielsweise gleichermaßen wie der erste Temperatursensor, thermisch leitend mit der Wandung des ersten Rohrs gekoppelten, beispielsweise zum ersten Temperatursensor baugleichen, zweiten Temperatursensor, der weniger weit vom zweiten Ende des ersten Rohrs entfernt positioniert ist als vom ersten Ende nämlichen ersten Rohres und der dafür vorgesehen bzw. eingerichtet ist, eine zweite Meßstellentemperatur, nämlich eine Temperatur der Wandung des ersten Rohrs an einer mittels nämlichen Temperatursensors gebildeten, von der ersten Temperaturmeßstelle entfernten und/oder auslaßseitigen zweiten Temperaturmeßstelle zu erfassen und in ein zweites Temperaturmeßsignal, nämlich ein die zweite Meßstellentemperatur repräsentierendes zweites elektrisches Meßsignal, beispielsweise mit einer von nämlicher zweiten Meßstellentemperatur abhängigen elektrische Signalspannung und/oder mit einem von nämlicher zweiten Meßstellentemperatur abhängigen elektrischen Signalstrom, zu wandeln;
• • wenigstens einen, beispielsweise elektrodynamischen, Schwingungserreger zum Anregen und Aufrechterhalten von mechanischen Schwingungen des ersten Rohrs um eine zugehörige statische Ruhelage, insb. nämlich von Biegeschwingungen des ersten Rohres um eine dessen erstes Ende mit dessen zweiten Ende imaginär verbindende gedachte Schwingungsachse;
• • einen, beispielsweise elektrodynamischen, ersten Schwingungssensor zum Erfassen von mechanischen Schwingungen des ersten Rohres, der weniger weit vom ersten Ende des ersten Rohrs entfernt positioniert ist als vom zweiten Ende nämlichen ersten Rohres und der dafür vorgesehen bzw. eingerichtet ist, Schwingungsbewegungen des ersten Rohrs an einer mittels nämlichen Schwingungssensors gebildeten einlaßseitige ersten Schwingungsmeßstelle zu erfassen und ein nämliche Schwingungsbewegungen repräsentierendes erstes Schwingungssignal zu generieren;
• • sowie wenigstens einen, beispielsweise elektrodynamischen und/oder zum ersten Schwingungssensors baugleichen, zweiten Schwingungssensor zum Erfassen von mechanischen Schwingungen des ersten Rohres, der weniger weit vom zweiten Ende des ersten Rohrs entfernt positioniert ist als vom ersten Ende nämlichen ersten Rohres und der dafür vorgesehen bzw. eingerichtet ist, Schwingungsbewegungen des ersten Rohrs an einer mittels nämlichen Schwingungssensors gebildeten auslaßseitige zweiten Schwingungsmeßstelle zu erfassen und ein nämliche Schwingungsbewegungen repräsentierendes zweites Schwingungssignal zu generieren, derart, daß zwischen dem ersten Schwingungssignal und nämlichem zweiten Schwingungssignal eine Phasendifferenz existiert, die sowohl von der Massendurchflußrate als auch von einer zwischen einer Temperatur des ersten Schwingungssensors und einer Temperatur nämlichen zweiten Schwingungssensors etablierten, beispielsweise zumindest zeitweise mit einer Änderungsgeschwindigkeit von mehr als 0,05 K/s zeitlich ändernden, Temperaturdifferenz abhängig ist.

To achieve the object, the invention consists in a vibronic measuring system for measuring a mass flow rate of, esp. In a pipeline, flowing fluid, esp. A gas, a liquid or a dispersion. The measuring system comprises a, in particular. By means of a microprocessor and / or a digital signal processor formed, measuring and operating electronics and electrically coupled with nämlicher measuring and operating electronics, esp. Also mechanically connected, converter device. The converter device comprises:

• • a first tube having a lumen surrounded by, for example, a metallic wall, extending from an inlet-side first end to an outlet-side second end, provided for at least a partial volume of the fluid, starting from the inlet-side first end in the direction of the outlet-side second end to be flowed through and vibrated while;
• A first temperature sensor coupled thermally conductively to the wall of the first pipe and positioned less far from the first end of the first pipe than the first pipe provided and adapted for the second end, a first measuring point temperature, namely a temperature of Wall of the first tube at one formed by the same temperature sensor inlet side first Temperaturmeßstelle to capture and in a first Temperaturmeßsignal, namely a first Meßstellentemperatur representing first electrical measurement signal, for example, with one of nämlicher first Meßstellentemperatur dependent electrical signal voltage and / or one of nämlicher first Measuring point temperature dependent electrical signal current, to convert;
• • A, for example, as well as the first temperature sensor, thermally conductively coupled to the wall of the first tube, for example, identical to the first temperature sensor, second temperature sensor, which is positioned less far from the second end of the first tube than the first end of the same first tube and the is intended or set up to detect a second measuring point temperature, namely a temperature of the wall of the first tube at a means formed by the same temperature sensor, remote from the first temperature measuring and / or outlet second temperature measuring in a second temperature, namely a second Meßstellentemperatur representing a second electrical measuring signal, for example, with a second measuring point temperature of the same dependent on the second electrical signal voltage and / or with one of the same second measuring point temperature dependent electrical signal current, to walk;
• • At least one, for example electrodynamic, vibration exciter for exciting and maintaining mechanical vibrations of the first tube to an associated static rest position, esp. Of bending vibrations of the first tube about an imaginary first imaginary axis of its first end imaginary connecting the imaginary axis;
• • a, for example, electrodynamic, first vibration sensor for detecting mechanical vibrations of the first tube, which is positioned less far away from the first end of the first tube than from the second end of the same first tube and which is provided or set for, oscillatory movements of the first tube to detect an inlet-side first vibration measuring point formed by means of the same vibration sensor and to generate a first vibration signal representing the same vibration movements;
• • and at least one, for example, electrodynamic and / or identical to the first vibration sensor, second vibration sensor for detecting mechanical vibrations of the first tube, which is positioned less far away from the second end of the first tube as from the first end of the same first tube and provided therefor or is arranged to detect vibration movements of the first pipe at an outlet side second vibration measuring point formed by the same vibration sensor and to generate a second vibration signal representing the same vibration vibration, such that a phase difference exists between the first vibration signal and the second vibration signal, both from the mass flow rate also established by a between a temperature of the first vibration sensor and a temperature identical second vibration sensor, for example, at least temporarily with a rate of change of more than 0.05 K / s time-varying, temperature difference is dependent.

The measuring and operating electronics of the measuring system according to the invention is electrically connected to each of the first and second vibration sensors as well as each of the first and second temperature sensors as well as to the at least one vibration exciter. On the one hand, the measuring and operating electronics are set up to supply electrical power to the at least vibration exciter by means of an electrical exciter signal for effecting mechanical vibrations of the first tube. On the other hand, the measuring and operating electronics are arranged, using both each of the first and second vibration signals and each of the first and second temperature measuring signals, a mass flow sequence, namely a sequence of temporally successive, in each case the mass flow rate of the fluid currently representing mass flow To generate measured values, such that at least for a reference mass flow rate, flowing through the converter device, for example, also laminar and / or with a Reynolds number of less than 1000 flowing through the first tube and / or a specific heat capacity of more than 1 kJ · kg ^-1 · K ^-1 and / or less than 4.2 kJ · kg ^-1 · K ^-1 , reference fluids, the mass flow rate measurements are independent of the temperature difference.

In addition, the invention also consists in the measuring system according to the invention for measuring an at least one physical quantity, esp. A density and / or viscosity and / or a mass flow rate and / or a Volumendurchflußrate, one, esp. In a pipeline, flowing fluid, esp of a gas, a liquid or a flowable dispersion.

According to a first embodiment of the invention, the mass flow measured values determined for the reference mass flow rate are independent of the temperature difference, in that for at least one non-zero but nonetheless constant reference mass flow rate successively determined mass flow measured values are also different, namely more than 1 K amounting to and / or less than 10 K and / or over time with a range of more than 1 K scattering and / or with a rate of change of more than 0.05 K / s time-varying temperature differences of not more than 0.01 % of reference mass flow rate differ,
According to a second embodiment of the invention, the mass flow measured values determined for the reference mass flow rate are independent of the temperature difference, in each case representing a scale zero point of the measuring and operating electronics, namely in each case in the case of a converter device through which no fluid flows or respectively for a reference mass flow rate of zero consecutively determined in time mass flow measurements even at different, yet more than 1 K amount and / or less than 10 K amounts and / or over time with a span of more than 1 K and / or less than 10 K scattering and / or with a rate of change of more than 0.05 K / s time-varying temperature differences less than 0.01 kg / h or less than 0.01 kg / h differ.

According to a third embodiment of the invention, the, for example liquid or gaseous, reference fluid has a specific heat capacity of more than 1 kJ · kg ^-1 · K ^-1 and / or less than 4.2 kJ · kg ^-1 · K ^-1 on.

According to a fourth embodiment of the invention, the reference fluid is a liquid, for example an oil or water.

According to a fifth embodiment of the invention, the reference fluid is a gas, for example air.

According to a sixth embodiment of the invention, the reference fluid is water, esp. With a fluid temperature of not less than 20 ° C.

According to a seventh embodiment of the invention, the reference fluid is an oil, esp. With a fluid temperature of not less than 20 ° C and / or with a viscosity of more than 10 ^-2 Pa · s (Pascal second).

According to an eighth embodiment of the invention, the reference fluid is an oil, for example having a fluid temperature of not less than 20 ° C and / or having a viscosity of more than 10 ^-2 Pa · s (pascal second) and is also provided that the Reference mass flow rate as a function of an amount | D | a nominal size of the converter device given in SI base unit for length (m = meter) is less than | D | · 10000 kg / h.

According to a ninth embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the reference fluid is a gas, esp. With a fluid temperature of not less than 20 ° C and / or air.

According to a tenth embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the reference fluid is a gas, for example having a fluid temperature of not less than 20 ° C and / or air, and is provided the reference mass flow rate as a function of an amount | D | a nominal size of the converter device given in SI base unit for length (m = meter) is less than | D | · 1000 kg / h.

According to an eleventh embodiment of the invention, the temperature difference established even with intact transducer device or intact first tube.

According to a twelfth embodiment of the invention, the temperature difference is greater on an inner side facing the lumen of an undesired lining infected wall than intact first tube, for example with not besiegeer wall of a wall.

According to a thirteenth embodiment of the invention, the measuring and operating electronics are set up to generate a phase difference sequence, namely a sequence of phase-successive phase-difference measured values representing the phase difference, using both the first oscillation signal and the second oscillation signal ,

According to a fourteenth embodiment of the invention, the measuring and operating electronics is adapted to generate a temperature difference sequence, namely a sequence of temporally successive, each representing the temperature difference temperature difference measured values using both the first temperature and the second Temperaturmeßsignals ,

According to a fifteenth embodiment of the invention, the measuring and operating electronics is adapted to generate a temperature difference sequence, namely a sequence of temporally successive, each representing the temperature difference temperature difference measured values using both the first temperature and the second Temperaturmeßsignals as well as under Use of the temperature difference sequence to monitor a functionality of the converter device, esp. Namely a functionality of the first tube.

According to a sixteenth embodiment of the invention, the measuring and operating electronics is adapted to generate a temperature difference sequence, namely a sequence of temporally successive, each representing the temperature difference temperature difference measured values using both the first temperature and the second Temperaturmeßsignals and using the temperature difference sequence to diagnose that the transducer device has a flow resistance that is different from an original flow resistance, in particular that the first tube has a flow resistance that is changed with respect to an original flow resistance

According to a seventeenth embodiment of the invention, the measuring and operating electronics is adapted to generate a temperature difference sequence, namely a sequence of temporally successive, each representing the temperature difference temperature difference measured values using both the first temperature and the second Temperaturmeßsignals and to generate an alarm using the temperature difference sequence, which signals only a limited functionality of the converter device, esp. Due to a comparison with an original flow resistance changed flow resistance of the first tube.

According to an eighteenth embodiment of the invention, the measuring and operating electronics is set up, the measuring and operating electronics set up using both the first temperature and the second Temperaturmeßsignals a Meßfluidtemperatur measured value, namely a temperature of a through the to generate the first pipe flowing fluid representing measured value.

According to a nineteenth embodiment of the invention, the measuring and operating electronics is adapted to generate, using at least one of the vibration signals as well as at least one of the temperature measurement signals, a density measurement value representing a density of the fluid.

According to a twentieth embodiment of the invention, the measuring and operating electronics are adapted to generate a viscosity reading representing at least one of the vibration signals and at least one of the temperature measurement signals, which represents a viscosity of the fluid.

According to a twenty-first embodiment of the invention, the measurement and operating electronics are adapted to generate a transducer temperature reading using both the first temperature measurement signal and the second temperature measurement signal, representing a transducer temperature that is different from both the first measurement location temperature and the second measurement temperature deviates from the second measuring point temperature, such that an amount of the same transducer temperature measured value corresponds to an arithmetic mean of the first and second Meßstellentemperaturen and / or a weighted average of the first and second Meßstellententemperaturen and / or represents an average tube wall temperature of the first tube. Further developing this embodiment of the invention, it is further provided that the measuring and operating electronics are configured to use the first temperature measuring signal, but not the second temperature measuring signal, and / or using the second temperature measuring signal, but not the first temperature measuring signal to an auxiliary temperature generate, which represents the converter device temperature at least approximately.

According to a twenty-second embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the measuring and operating electronics has a multiplexer with at least two signal inputs and at least one signal output, which multiplexer is set up, optionally, for example cyclically, to switch one of its signal inputs to the signal output in such a way in that a signal applied to the respective through-connected signal input is passed on to the signal output; and that the measuring and operating electronics having a, for example, a nominal resolution of more than 16 bits and / or with more than 1000 s ^- clocked amount ends sampling, analog-to-digital converter with at least one signal input and at least one signal output has, which analog-to-digital converter is adapted to an input signal to namely input analog input signal having a, for example, more than 1000 s ^- amounting, sampling rate and having, for example, more than 16 bits, digital resolution in a same input signal represent representative digital output signal and provide at the signal output. This refinement of the invention further provides that the at least one signal output of the multiplexer and the at least one signal input of the analog-to-digital converter are electrically coupled to one another; and that the first temperature sensor and the second Temperature sensor are each electrically connected to the multiplexer, such that the first Temperaturmeßsignal at a first signal input of the multiplexer and that the second Temperaturmeßsignal applied to a second signal input of the multiplexer. Thus, the output signal of the analog-to-digital converter at least temporarily represent exactly one of the two Temperaturmeßsignale or the measuring and operating electronics, the mass flow rate using the one of the two Temperaturmeßsignale representing output signal of the analog-to-digital Generate converter.

According to a twenty-third embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the first temperature sensor is positioned less far from the first end of the first tube than the second temperature sensor from the first end of the first tube.

According to a twenty-fourth embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the second temperature sensor is positioned less far from the second end of the second tube than the first temperature sensor from the second end of the first tube.

According to a twenty-fifth embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the first temperature sensor is positioned equidistant from the first end of the first tube as the second temperature sensor from the second end of the first tube.

According to a twenty-sixth embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the first temperature sensor is positioned equidistant from the second end of the first tube as the second temperature sensor from the first end of the first tube.

According to a twenty-seventh embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the first temperature sensor is positioned equidistant from a center of the first tube as the second temperature sensor.

According to a twenty-eighth embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the first temperature sensor and the second temperature sensor are identical in construction.

According to a twenty-ninth embodiment of the invention it is provided that the first temperature sensor is mechanically coupled in the same way with the wall of the first tube as the second temperature sensor.

According to a thirtieth embodiment of the invention, it is provided that, apart from the first temperature sensor and the second temperature sensor, the converter device has no further temperature sensor contacting the wall of the first tube.

According to a thirty-first embodiment of the invention it is provided that the first temperature sensor is thermally conductively coupled in the same way with the wall of the first tube as the second temperature sensor, esp. Such that a one of the wall of the first tube to the first temperature sensor and on to a heat flow counteracting the heat flow surrounding the first temperature sensor is the same as a heat flow counteracting a heat flow flowing from the wall of the first pipe to the second temperature sensor and further to an atmosphere surrounding the second temperature sensor.

According to a thirty-second embodiment of the invention it is provided that the first vibration sensor is thermally coupled in the same way with the wall of the first tube as the second vibration sensor; for example, such that a heat flow flowing from the wall of the first pipe to the first vibration sensor and further to an atmosphere surrounding the first vibration sensor is equal to a heat resistance from the wall of the first pipe to the second vibration sensor and further to the second vibration sensor surrounding atmosphere flowing heat flow counteracting thermal resistance.

According to a thirty-third embodiment of the invention, it is provided that a temperature sensor arrangement of the converter device formed by means of the first temperature sensor and by means of the second temperature sensor is axially symmetrical with respect to at least one imaginary intersecting, for example namely to a main axis of inertia of the first tube, symmetry axis.

According to a thirty-fourth embodiment of the invention, it is provided that an oscillation sensor arrangement formed by means of the first oscillation sensor and by means of the second oscillation sensor is mirror-symmetrical with respect to at least one imaginary intersecting, in particular parallel to a main axis of inertia of the first tube, imaginary axis of symmetry.

According to a thirty-fifth embodiment of the invention it is provided that the first temperature sensor is positioned equidistant from the first vibration sensor as the second temperature sensor of the second vibration sensor.

According to a thirty-sixth embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the first tube is mirror-symmetrical with respect to at least one tube imaginarily intersecting, esp. Namely coincident with a main axis of inertia tube imaginary axis of symmetry.

According to a thirty-seventh embodiment of the invention it is provided that the first tube, for example V-shaped or U-shaped, is curved.

According to a thirty-eighth embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the first tube is at least partially, for example predominantly or even completely, straight, for example circular-cylindrical.

According to a thirty-ninth embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the first tube is curved at least in sections, for example circular arc-shaped.

According to a fortieth embodiment of the invention it is provided that the wall of the first tube is at least partially, for example also predominantly or wholly, made of a material, such as e.g. a metal or alloy, of which a specific thermal conductivity is greater than 10 W / (m · K), and of which a specific heat capacity is less than 1000 J / (kg · K).

According to a forty-first embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the wall of the first tube consists of metal, for example an alloy containing iron and / or aluminum and / or chromium and / or titanium and / or zirconium and / or tantalum and / or nickel.

According to a forty-second embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the wall of the first tube is made of stainless steel.

According to a forty-third embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the first tube has a caliber that is more than 0.1 mm (millimeters).

According to a forty-fourth embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the first tube has a caliber that is more than 1 mm (millimeters).

According to a forty-fifth embodiment of the invention it is provided that a unwound tube length of the first tube is more than 300 mm.

According to a forty-sixth embodiment of the invention, the vibration exciter is set up, driven by the excitation signal, to stimulate or maintain mechanical vibrations of the first tube.

According to a forty-seventh embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the first temperature sensor is formed by means of a first temperature sensor, for example a platinum measuring resistor, a thermistor or a thermocouple, and a first coupling body which thermally conducts to the wall of the first pipe by means of a first temperature sensor , And that the second temperature sensor by means of - for example, a platinum measuring resistor, a thermistor or a thermocouple having and / or identical to the first temperature sensor - second temperature sensor and by means of a same second temperature sensor thermally conductively coupled to the wall of the second tube - for example, the first Same coupling body - second coupling body is formed. This embodiment of the invention further provides that the first coupling body, for example, completely, by means of a placed between the wall of the first tube and the first temperature sensor, esp. Both the outer surface of the wall and the first temperature probe contacting and / or metal oxide with Particles offset, plastic, for example, an epoxy resin or a silicone, and that the second coupling body, for example, completely, by means of a placed between the wall of the second tube and the second temperature sensor, esp. Both the outer surface of the wall and the second temperature sensor contacting and / or with metal oxide particles offset, plastic, such as an epoxy resin or a silicone is formed.

According to a forty-eighth embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the first temperature sensor, for example by means of a Wärmeleitklebers, to form the first coupling body materially, for example adhesively, is connected to the lateral surface of the wall of the first tube, and that the second temperature sensor, for example by means of a Wärmeleitklebers , is integrally connected to form the second coupling body, for example adhesively, with the lateral surface of the wall of the first tube.

According to a first development of the measuring system of the invention, this further comprises: a curved at least partially curved and / or at least partially extending from one, in particular metallic wall, lumen extending from an inlet-side first end to an outlet-side second end straight and / or the first pipe of the same and / or arranged parallel to the first tube, second tube, which is set up, esp. Simultaneously to the first tube, by a fluid, starting from the inlet side first end in the direction of the outlet side second end flows through and meanwhile, especially simultaneously and / or opposite to the first pipe, to be vibrated. The measuring system may also comprise an inlet-side first flow divider and an outlet-side second flow divider, wherein the first and the second tube may be connected to form flow-parallel connected flow paths to the, esp. Identical, flow divider, such that the first tube with the first end into a first flow opening of the first flow divider and with its second end into a first flow opening of the second flow divider, and in that the second pipe opens with its first end into a second flow opening of the first flow divider and with its second end into a second flow opening of the second flow divider , In addition, the flow dividers can each be an integral part of a converter housing of the converter device.

According to a second development of the measuring system of the invention, the latter further comprises: a converter housing having a cavity surrounded by a cavity, in particular a metallic wall, wherein at least the first tube is arranged within the cavity of the converter housing such that between one of the Cavity facing inner surface of the wall of the converter housing, a cavity facing the peripheral surface of the wall of the first tube, a gap is formed, and wherein the converter housing and the first tube are adapted, in the space, for example, a specific thermal conductivity of less than 1 W / (m (K) having fluid, for example, air or an inert gas to hold a fluid volume enveloping the first tube, such that the space facing the peripheral surface of the wall of the first tube to form a first interface of the first kind , namely an interface between a fluid and a fe Most phase are contacted by held in the space fluid.

According to a third embodiment of the measuring system of the invention, this further comprises: a, for example, the connection of the converter device to a fluid supplying line segment of a process line serviceable, inlet side first flange and a, for example, the connection of the converter device to a fluid again discharging line segment of a process line , outlet side second flange. Each of the connecting flanges, for example, also each have a sealing surface for fluid-tight or leak-free connection of the converter device with a respective corresponding line segment of a process line and a smallest distance between the same sealing surfaces can be one, for example, more than 250 mm and / or amounting to less than 3000 mm, Define installation length of the transducer device, for example, such that a pipe length-to-installation length ratio of the transducer device, defined by a ratio of unwound pipe length of the first tube to nämlicher installation length of the transducer device, more than 1.2 - esp. More than 1.4 -.

A basic idea of the invention is to take into account in the calculation of the mass flow rate measurement values a dependence of the phase difference between the at least two vibration measurement signals on an occasionally established temperature gradient along the at least one pipe; this in particular in such a way that the low measuring errors of less than 0.05% (of the true measured value) aimed for vibronic measuring systems of the type in question are also achieved for such - difficult or hitherto uncontrolled - measuring conditions in which between each two vibration measuring a temperature difference of more than 1 K occurs or in which the same temperature difference with a rate of change of more than 0.05 K / s changes over time.

The invention is based inter alia on the surprising finding that vorbezeichnet temperature gradients on the one hand, the vibration characteristics, not least the natural natural modes of the pipe, influence, and that, secondly, the aforementioned temperature differences to deviations between the nominally same, but naturally temperature-dependent transfer functions of each vibration sensors ( Temperature response), accompanied by a corresponding asymmetry between the vibration signals. Such, the phase difference between the Schwingungsmeßsignalen (co-) influencing, established along the at least one tube temperature gradients or established between the two vibration temperature differences can not only occur on an inner side facing the lumen of an undesirable coating infested wall, but surprisingly also intact transducer devices are observed for such measuring conditions in which an enthalpy of the fluid to be measured to a considerable extent deviates from an enthalpy of the completely intact wall of the tube and in which the kinetic energy of the fluid flow is relatively low, for example, for such measuring conditions in which Accordingly, for the fluid flow yields a Eckert number (Ec) with a comparatively low amount.

• 1 ein, insb. für die Verwendung in der industriellen Meß- und Automatisierungstechnik geeignetes, Meßsystem mit einer ein Wandler-Gehäuse aufweisenden Wandlervorrichtung und einer in einem - hier direkt am Wandler-Gehäuse befestigten - Elektronik-Gehäuse untergebrachten Meß- und Betriebs-Elektronik;
• 2 schematisch ein Ausführungsbeispiel für ein Meßsystem gemäß 1;
• 3a, 3b in perspektivischen Seitenansichten eine für ein Meßsystem gemäß 1 bzw. 2 geeignete Wandlervorrichtung;
• 4 in einer geschnittenen Seitenansicht eine für ein Meßsystem gemäß 1 bzw. 2 geeignete Wandlervorrichtung;
• 5a, 5b in unterschiedlichen geschnittenen Seitenansichten weitere Ausführungsbeispiele für, insb. für eine Wandlervorrichtung gemäß 3a, 3b bzw. ein Meßsystem gemäß 1 geeignete, Temperatursensoren;
• 6 schematisch ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel für ein Meßsystem gemäß 1; und
• 7 ein mittels einer Vielzahl diskreter Wärmewiderstände nach Art eines Ersatzschaltbildes gebildetes, der Erklärung von in einer Wandlervorrichtung gemäß 2 bzw. 3a, 3b bzw. 4, 5 fließenden Wärmströme bzw. entsprechender Temperaturabfälle innerhalb nämlicher Wandlervorrichtung dienendes Widerstandsnetzwerk.

The invention and further advantageous embodiments thereof are explained in more detail below with reference to exemplary embodiments, which are illustrated in the figures of the drawing. Identical parts are provided in all figures with the same reference numerals; if it requires the clarity or it appears otherwise useful, is omitted reference numerals already mentioned in subsequent figures. Further advantageous embodiments or developments, esp. Combinations initially only individually explained aspects of the invention will become apparent from the figures of the drawing as well as the dependent claims per se. In detail show:

• 1 a, especially for use in industrial measurement and automation technology suitable, measuring system with a converter housing having a converter device and a in one - mounted directly on the converter housing - electronics housing housed measuring and operating electronics;
• 2 schematically an embodiment of a measuring system according to 1 ;
• 3a . 3b in perspective side views one for a measuring system according to 1 or 2 suitable converter device;
• 4 in a sectional side view one for a measuring system according to 1 or 2 suitable converter device;
• 5a . 5b in different sectional side views of further embodiments of, esp. For a converter device according to 3a . 3b or a measuring system according to 1 suitable temperature sensors;
• 6 schematically a further embodiment of a measuring system according to 1 ; and
• 7 in the form of an equivalent circuit formed by a plurality of discrete heat resistances, the explanation of in a converter device according to 2 or 3a, 3b and 4, 5 flowing heat flows or corresponding temperature drops within tämlicher converter device serving resistor network.

In 1 schematically is a vibronic measuring system for measuring a mass flow rate m of, one - possibly a temporally and / or spatially variable Meßfluidtemperatur θ _FL1 - flowing fluid FL1 (measuring fluid), such as a gas, a liquid or a flowable dispersion, or for recurrently determining the same mass flow rate m currently representing mass flow measured values x _m shown schematically. The measuring system can also be set up to determine at least one further measured variable, for example a substance parameter, of the fluid FL. The same additional measured variable can be, for example, a density p, a viscosity η or else a measuring fluid temperature θ _FL1 of the fluid flowing, for example through a pipeline.

The measuring system comprises for this purpose a converter device MW for generating measuring signals which serve at least for the measurement of the mass flow rate, and a measuring and operating device which is electrically connected to the same converter device, especially during operation from externally via connection cable and / or by means of internal energy stores -Electronics ME for generating the measured values representing the measured variable (s) or for sequentially outputting such measured values x _m as a respectively valid measured value x _x (x _m → x _x ) of the measuring system at a corresponding measuring output, for example also in the form of digital readings and / or in real time.

The transducer device of the measuring system serves - as in 2 shown schematically or a synopsis of the 1 and 2 apparent - in particular to run during operation, a partial volume of the respective fluid FL1 to be measured or to be flowed through by namely fluid and to provide different measurement signals for each by means of the transducer device to be detected physical measures and for prevailing at different measuring points within the transducer measuring point temperatures. The converter device is therefor, inter alia, with at least one lumen enveloped by a wall 11 ' having, for example, at least partially curved and / or at least partially straight, first pipe 11 fitted. The wall of the pipe 11 can, as usual with transducer devices of the type in question be metallic, for example, namely, at least partially made of titanium, zirconium or tantalum or, for example, from a stainless steel. The pipe 11 extends, as in others 2 indicated by an inlet-side first end 11a to an outlet side second end 11b and is adapted to from a fluid, starting from the inlet-side first end 11a in the direction of the outlet-side second end 11b be flowed through and vibrated while. Furthermore, the tube 11 the converter device according to the invention at least partially straight, thus partially (hollow) cylindrical, for example, namely circular cylindrical, and / or at least partially curved, for example, namely arcuately curved, be formed. The pipe 11 can also be mirror-symmetrical with respect to at least one tube imaginary intersecting, for example, namely coincident with a main axis of inertia of the tube, each imaginary axis of symmetry, for example, namely V-shaped or U-shaped formed. According to a further embodiment of the invention it is further provided that the wall of the tube 11 at least proportionally - for example also predominantly or wholly - consists of a material of which a specific thermal conductivity λ10 greater than 10 W / (m · K) and a specific heat capacity cp10 less than 1000 J / (kg · K).

In the case of the converter device according to the invention or the measuring system formed therewith, the tube is 11 provided or set up, at least from a partial volume of the fluid FL1 in a flow direction, namely starting from the end 11a towards the end 11b to be flowed through and vibrated while; this in particular such that the tube 11 Useful vibrations, namely mechanical vibrations to make an associated static rest position, which are adapted to induce at least in the flowing fluid from its mass flow rate m dependent Coriolis forces. In addition, from the tube 11 executed useful vibrations also be suitable to effect in the fluid of its viscosity η dependent frictional forces and / or dependent on its density p inertial forces. Accordingly, for example, the transducer device may be formed as a vibration-type transducer useful as a constituent of a vibronic measurement system such as a Coriolis mass flowmeter, a density meter, and / or a viscosity meter.

As already indicated, the wall of the pipe can 11 For example, of a metal or a metal alloy, for example, titanium, zirconium or tantalum or a corresponding alloy thereof, a steel or a nickel-based alloy exist. It is further provided that the wall of the tube 11 according to a further embodiment of the invention each having a wall thickness s, which is more than 0.5 mm, and / or caliber D11 (inner diameter), which is more than 0.5 mm. Alternatively or in addition, the tube 11 and further dimensioned to have an inner diameter to wall thickness ratio D / s defined as a ratio of the inner diameter D of the tube to a wall thickness s of the wall of the tube that is less than 25: 1. According to a further embodiment of the invention it is further provided that the wall thickness of the pipe 11 less than 10 mm and / or the inner diameter D is less than 200 mm or that the tube 11 is such that the inner diameter to wall thickness ratio D / s is more than 5: 1. The pipe 11 can - as in converter devices of the type in question quite common - also in a converter housing 100 be housed in the converter device, such that - as well as in 4 and 5 each shown or from a synopsis of 1 . 2 . 4 and 5 readily apparent - the tube 11 is disposed within one and the same of a, for example, metallic and / or serving as an outer protective wall of the converter housing cavity of the converter housing and that between a same cavity facing inner surface 100 + the wall of the converter housing 100 , a lateral surface 11 # of the wall of the tube 11 , namely an outer surface of the wall of the tube facing the cavity 11 a gap 100 ' is formed. The pipe 11 as well as the same converter housing are here also set up in the space 100 ' a, for example, a specific thermal conductivity of less than 1 W / (m (K) exhibiting FL2 fluid, for example, namely air or an inert gas, to form the pipe 11 To keep enveloping fluid volume, such that the space facing the outer surface 11 # of the wall of the tube 11 forming a first interface 1111 first type, namely an interface between a fluid and a solid phase is contacted.

As in 2 indicated, the converter device MW may also be adapted to be used in the course of the fluid leading, formed for example as a rigid pipe, process line, namely, for example, to be mounted detachably with the process line. For this purpose, on the inlet side of the converter device, a first connection flange serving to connect the same to a line segment of the process line supplying the fluid FL1 13 and on the outlet side of the converter device, a second connection flange serving to connect to a line segment of the process line which discharges the fluid again 14 be provided. The connection flanges 13 . 14 can be quite common, as in converter device of the type in question or as in 2 indicated, possibly also end in the aforementioned transducer housing 100 integrated, namely be formed as an integral part of the converter housing. According to a further embodiment of the invention it is further provided that each of the connecting flanges 13 . 14 each having a sealing surface for fluid-tight and leak-free connection of the transducer device with a respective corresponding line segment of a process line, and in that also a minimum distance between the same sealing surfaces defining a fitting length L _MW of the converter device; this in particular in such a way that the same installation length L _{MW is} more than 250 mm and / or less than 3000 mm and / or in such a way that a tube length to installation length ratio L ₁₁ / L _{Mw of} the converter device, defined by a ratio of an unwound pipe length L _{11 of} the pipe 11 for the aforementioned installation length L _MW more than 1.2, for example, more than 1.4. The projected unwound pipe length L _{11 of} the pipe 11 (elongated length) may also be more than 300 mm, for example.

The, for example, by means of at least one microprocessor and / or by means of a digital signal processor (DSP) formed, measuring and operating electronics ME turn, as in the 2 indicated, for example, in a single, possibly also chambered, electronics housing 200 be accommodated in the measuring system. Same electronics housing 200 can be formed depending on the requirements of the measuring system, for example, also impact and / or explosion proof and / or hermetically sealed. The meter electronics ME can, as well as in 2 schematically illustrated in the manner of a block diagram, a measuring signals of the converter device MW processing, for example by means of a microprocessor formed, measuring and evaluation circuit μC, which generates the corresponding measured values for the to be detected by the measuring system measured variable during operation. The measuring and evaluating circuit μC of the measuring and operating electronics ME can be realized, for example, by means of a microcomputer having at least one microprocessor and / or a digital signal processor (DSP). The program codes to be executed as well as the control of the respective measuring system useful operating parameters, such as setpoints for realized by means of the measuring and operating electronics controller or controller algorithms can - as well as in the 2 shown schematically - be persistently stored, for example, in a non-volatile memory EEPROM the measuring and operating electronics ME and the same when you start in a, for example, integrated in the microcomputer, volatile data memory RAM are loaded.

Moreover, the measuring and operating electronics ME can also be designed so that they in terms of the circuit structure of the one of the above-mentioned prior art, such as the US-B 63 11 136 , Known measuring and operating electronics or, for example, a transmitter of a part of the Applicant, for example, under the name "PROMASS 83F" offered Coriolis mass flow / density meter substantially corresponds.

The measured values x _x (x _m, x _ρ , x _η , x _θ ...) generated by the measuring and operating electronics ME can be displayed in the measuring system shown here, for example on site, namely directly at the measuring point formed by the measuring system become. To visualize generated by the measuring system measured values and / or optionally internally generated system status messages, such as an increased measurement inaccuracy or uncertainty signaling error message or a fault in the measuring system itself or at the measuring point formed by the measuring system signaling alarm, on-site can Measuring system, as well 2 indicated, for example, have a communicating with the measuring and operating electronics, possibly portable, display and control HMI, such as one in the electronics housing 200 behind a correspondingly provided window placed LCD, OLED or TFT display and a corresponding input keyboard and / or a touch screen. Advantageously, the, for example, also (re-) programmable or remote parameterizable, measuring and operating electronics ME also be designed so that they in the operation of the measuring system with this parent electronic data processing system, such as a programmable logic controller (PLC) , a personal computer (PC) and / or a workstation, via data transmission system, such as a fieldbus system, such as FOUNDATION FIELDBUS, PROFIBUS, and / or wirelessly, wireless, measurement and / or other operating data exchange, such as current measurements, system diagnostic values, System status messages or also the control of the measuring system serving settings. Furthermore, the measuring and operating electronics ME can be designed so that they from an external power supply, for example via the the aforementioned fieldbus system, can be fed. For this, the measuring and operating electronics ME, for example, have such an internal power supply circuit NRG for providing internal supply voltages U _N , which is fed during operation of a provided in the aforementioned data processing system external power supply via the aforementioned fieldbus system. Here, the measuring system may be formed, for example, as so-called four-wire device, wherein the internal power supply circuit of the meter electronics ME means of a first pair of lines with an external power supply and the internal communication circuit of the measuring and operating electronics ME by means of a second pair of lines with an external Data processing circuit or an external data transmission system can be connected. However, the measuring and operating electronics can also be designed so that they, as, inter alia, in the aforementioned US-A 2006/0161359 shown, by means of a, for example, configured as a 4-20 mA current loop, two-wire connection with the external electronic data processing system is electrically connected and is supplied with electrical energy and can transmit measured values to the data processing system, possibly also using HART Multidrop. For the typical case that the measuring system is provided for coupling to a fieldbus or other electronic communication system, the, for example, on-site and / or via communication system (re-) programmable, measuring and operating electronics ME to the a corresponding - for example, one of the relevant industry standards, such as the IEC 61158 / IEC 61784 compliant - communication interface COM have for data communication, for example, for sending measurement and / or operating data, thus the measured values representing the respective measured value to the already mentioned programmable logic controller (PLC) or a higher-level process control system and / or for receiving adjustment data for the measuring system. The electrical connection of the converter device to the measuring and operating electronics can be carried out by means of corresponding leads, which come from the electronics housing 200 , For example, via cable entry, in the converter housing 100 guided and at least partially also within the converter housing 100 are laid. The leads may be at least partially formed as at least partially covered by an electrical insulation conductors, eg inform of "twisted-pair" cables, ribbon cables and / or coaxial cables. Alternatively or in addition thereto, the connection lines can be formed, at least in sections, also by means of conductor tracks of, for example, a flexible or partially rigid and partially flexible, optionally also painted, printed circuit board. this also the aforementioned US-A 2001/0037690 or WO-A 96/07081 ,

To stimulate and maintain mechanical vibrations of the pipe 11 an associated static rest position - in particular of mechanical vibrations of the pipe 11 The transducer device furthermore has a vibration exciter which is formed by means of at least one, for example electrodynamic, that is, by means of a plunger coil or realized as a voice coil, around an imaginary axis of oscillation imaginarily connecting its respective first end with its respective second end 41 formed electro-mechanical exciter assembly E on.

For detecting mechanical vibrations of the pipe 11 Furthermore, the converter device comprises a first vibration sensor which is identical by means of at least one, for example electrodynamic and / or vibration generator 51 and by means of, for example, electrodynamic and / or to the vibration sensor 51 identical, second vibration sensor 52 formed sensor arrangement S. The vibration sensor 51 is designed to vibrate movements of the pipe 11 on a by means of the same vibration sensor 51 to detect formed inlet-side first vibration measuring and generate a same vibration oscillations representing first vibration signal s1, while the vibration sensor 52 is provided or set up, vibration movements of the tube 11 on a by means of the same vibration sensor 52 to detect formed outlet-side second vibration measuring and generating a same vibration oscillations representative second vibration signal s2; this in particular in such a way that between the vibration signal s1 and the vibration signal s2 one of which also has a mass flow rate through the pipe 11 flowing fluid (co-) dependent phase difference exists. For that, as well as in 2 indicated, the vibration sensor 51 less far from the end 11a of the pipe 11 positioned away from the end 11b and the vibration sensor 52 less far from the end 11b of the pipe 11 positioned away from the end 11a , esp. Such that the vibration sensor 51 equidistant from the end 11a is positioned remotely like the vibration sensor 52 from the end 11b , The so by means of the two vibration sensors 51 . 52 formed vibration sensor assembly may - as with converter device of the type in question quite common - also be, for example, mirror symmetric with respect to at least one converter device imaginary intersecting imaginary axis of symmetry, for example, with respect to both an inertial main axis of the tube 11 as well as to a main inertia axis of the pipe 12 parallel axis of symmetry. The vibration sensor 51 is according to a further embodiment of the invention in the same way thermally conductive with the wall of the at least one tube 11 like the vibration sensor 12 , in particular in such a way that a one of the Wall of the pipe 11 to the vibration sensor 51 and on to the vibration sensor 51 surrounding atmosphere flowing heat flow counteracting heat resistance is the same as a one from the wall of the pipe 11 to the vibration sensor 52 and on to the vibration sensor 52 surrounding atmosphere flowing heat flow counteracting thermal resistance.

For detecting measuring point temperatures prevailing within the converter device and for converting them into a respective temperature measuring signal, not least for compensating for a dependence of the aforementioned phase difference on one within the wall of the tube 11 in the flow direction established temperature gradient or one between a temperature of the vibration sensor 51 and a temperature of the vibration sensor 52 established, for example, at least temporarily with a rate of change of more than 0.05 K / s time-varying temperature difference Δθ, the inventive converter device comprises - as in 2 . 3a . 3b as well as in 4 5 and 5 respectively, and a mechanical, yet thermally conductive, to the wall of the tube 11 coupled first temperature sensor 71 as well as a mechanical, nevertheless thermally conductive also with the wall of the tube 11 coupled second temperature sensor 72 , The same temperature difference Δθ can be achieved with an intact converter device or intact tube 11 or, as in the aforementioned WO-A 2009/134268 discussed, especially in an on the lumen-facing inside of an undesirable coating infested wall occur. In the latter case, the temperature difference Δθ is regularly greater when the tube is intact 11 , in particular with wall not affected by a covering, and otherwise identical boundary conditions.

The temperature sensors 71 . 72 are also electrically connected to the measuring and operating electronics ME, for example, by two of the aforementioned electrical leads. The temperature sensor 71 is, as well as from the 2 3a respectively, less far from the first end 11a of the pipe 11 positioned away from the second end 11b same pipe 11 while the temperature sensor 72 , as well as out 2 or even out 3b visible, less far from the second end 11b of the pipe 11 positioned away from the first end 11a same pipe 11 ; this in particular in such a way that the temperature sensor 71 equidistant from the end 11a of the pipe 11 is positioned remotely like the temperature sensor 72 from the end 11b or that the temperature sensor 71 equidistant from the end 11b of the pipe 11 is positioned remotely like the temperature sensor 72 from the end 11a , Alternatively or in addition, the temperature sensor 71 for example, also equidistant from a center of the tube 11 be positioned remotely like the temperature sensor 72 , Furthermore, the two temperature sensors 71 . 72 also be positioned so that the temperature sensor 71 and the temperature sensor 72 as well as in 2 indicated or from a synopsis of 2 . 4 and 5 readily apparent, relative to a, for example, with a main flow direction of the converter device matching, imaginary longitudinal axis L of the transducer azimuthally - for example, the same in projection on a same longitudinal axis L as surface normal imaginary cross-sectional area - diametrically opposed to each other. In particular, the two temperature sensors 71 , 72 also be positioned or arranged so that one by means of nämlicher temperature sensors 71 , 72 formed temperature sensor assembly of the transducer device is axially symmetric with respect to at least one imaginary imaginary intersecting imaginary axis of symmetry, for example, one to a main axis of inertia of the tube 11 parallel imaginary symmetry axis. In addition, the temperature sensor 71 - as well as in 2 indicated - for example, the same distance from the vibration sensor 51 be positioned remotely as the second temperature sensor 72 from the vibration sensor 52 ,

The temperature sensor 71 In particular, it is intended or set up for this, a first measuring point temperature θ1, namely a temperature at a temperature sensor by means of the same 71 to be detected and to convert it into a first temperature measuring signal θ1, namely a first electrical measuring signal representing the first measuring point temperature θ1. In addition, the temperature sensor 72 provided or set up for this purpose, a second measuring point temperature θ2, namely a temperature at one by means of the same temperature sensor 72 to detect detected second temperature measuring point and in a second temperature measuring θ2, namely to convert the second measuring point temperature θ2 representing second electrical measurement signal. Each of the temperature measuring signals .theta.1, .theta.2 can, for example, be designed such that it has an electrical signal voltage which depends on the respective measuring point temperature .theta.1 or .theta.2 and / or an electrical signal current which is dependent on the same measuring point temperature. According to a further embodiment of the invention, the temperature sensor 71 in the same way thermally conductive with the wall of the tube 11 coupled like the temperature sensor 72 ; this, for example, such that a one of the wall of the tube 11 to the temperature sensor 71 and continue to a same temperature sensor 71 surrounding atmosphere flowing heat flow counteracting heat resistance is the same as a one from the wall of the pipe 11 to the temperature sensor 72 and continue to a temperature sensor 72 surrounding atmosphere flowing heat flow counteracting thermal resistance. Furthermore, it is provided that the temperature sensor 71 in the same way mechanically with the wall of the pipe 11 coupled is like the temperature sensor 72 , The temperature sensor 71 is according to another embodiment of the invention - as well as in 4 shown schematically - by means of one within the space 100 ' arranged first temperature sensor 711 as well as by means of a same temperature sensor 711 thermally conductive with the wall of the pipe 11 coupling first coupling body 712 educated. Similarly, the temperature sensor 72 as well as in 5 schematically represented by means also within the space 100 ' arranged - for example, to the aforementioned temperature sensor 711 identical - second temperature sensor 721 as well as by means of a same temperature sensor 721 thermally conductive with the wall of the pipe 12 coupling - for example, to the aforementioned coupling body 712 identical - second coupling body 722 be formed. Each of the two - the actual conversion of the to be detected (Meßstellen-) temperature in the respective measuring signal executing - temperature sensor 711 . 721 For example, each may be formed by means of a platinum measuring resistor, a thermistor or a thermocouple. Furthermore, each of the temperature sensors 711 . 721 with the respectively associated coupling body 712 respectively. 722 by means of a suitable cohesive connection, for example an adhesive connection or a soldering or welding connection, and / or by embedding in the respective coupling body 712 respectively. 722 be connected.

In order to achieve a mechanically strong and stable, yet thermally well conductive connection between the wall of the tube and the temperature sensor 71 this is according to another embodiment of the invention cohesively with the lateral surface 11 # of the wall of the tube 11 connected, for example, adhesive or by soldering or welding connection. For producing such a material connection between pipe 11 and temperature sensor 71 For example, a thermal adhesive, ie a plastic based on epoxy resin or based on silicone, for example, a silicone elastomers or a 1- or 2-component silicone rubber, as, inter alia, by the company. DELO Industrial Adhesives GmbH & Co KGaA, 86949 Windach , DE are traded under the name DELO-GUM® 3699 serve. The for connecting temperature sensor 71 and pipe 11 Plastic used may also be mixed with metal oxide particles in order to achieve the best possible heat conduction. Furthermore, it is also possible, the aforementioned coupling body 712 even - partially or wholly - made of plastic, for example, in such a way that between a temperature sensor 711 and wall placed or both the lateral surface 11 # of the wall and the temperature sensor 711 contacting, possibly also monolithic plastic molding as a coupling body 712 serves or the entire coupling body 712 from - for example, one or more layers on the wall of the tube 11 applied, thus between the wall of the tube 11 and the first temperature sensor 711 placed - plastic consists. In addition, the temperature sensor can also be used 72 equally cohesively with the lateral surface 11 # of the wall of the tube 11 be connected, for example, namely adhesively or by means of a soldering or welding connection. There is the coupling body 722 According to a further embodiment of the invention, at least partially, for example also predominantly, of a metal, thus the coupling body can 722 be made of a material of which a specific thermal conductivity λ2 greater than 10 W / (m · K) and / or of the material has a specific heat capacity cp722 is less than 1000 J / (kg · K), namely, from the same material as the coupling body 712 , Furthermore, the two above-mentioned coupling body 712 . 722 by appropriate selection of the actual materials used for their respective production in each case readily be formed so that the specific thermal conductivity λ722 a material of the second coupling body 722 equal to a specific thermal conductivity λ712 of a material of the coupling body 712 and / or the specific heat capacity cp722 of the material of the coupling body 722 equal to a specific heat capacity cp712 of the material of the first coupling body 712 is.

According to another embodiment of the invention is also the second coupling body 722 of the temperature sensor 72 at least partially made of a plastic or by means of a corresponding between the temperature sensor 721 and the wall of the pipe 11 placed plastic body formed. Alternatively or in addition, according to a further embodiment of the invention, both the coupling body 721 of the temperature sensor 71 - as well as in 6a indicated - by means of a between the wall of the tube 11 and the temperature sensor 721 placed, made of a metal or a metal alloy, such as a steel, existing disc and the coupling body 722 of the temperature sensor 72 - as well as in 6b indicated - by means of such between the wall of the tube 11 and the temperature sensor 721 placed to form of a metal or a metal alloy, such as a steel, existing disc. Each of the two aforementioned slices can be considered one of the lateral surface of the wall of the tube 11 each adapted passage opening having - for example, substantially annular or, as well as in 6a respectively 6b respectively, substantially rectangular - disc being formed, each on the tube 11 deferred, such that the disc is the same pipe 11 surrounds or one of the lateral surface of the wall of the tube 11 facing inner surface of the passage opening Namely lateral surface 11 # at least partially contacted. Each of the two aforementioned slices can, for example, also each as both coupling body 712 respectively. 722 of the temperature sensor 71 respectively. 72 or as part of, as well as an inlet or outlet side vibration node of mechanical vibrations of the tube 11 enforcing node plate or, for example, as a holder of the mentioned vibration sensor 51 or the likewise provided vibration sensor 52 serve.

Like in the 4 5 and 5, respectively, each of the two temperature sensors is thermally connected to the pipe 11 coupled by the coupling body 712 of the temperature sensor 71 the lateral surface 11 # of the wall of the pipe 11 forming a first interface II21 of the second kind, namely an interface between two solid phases, as well as the coupling body 722 of the temperature sensor 72 the lateral surface 11 # of the wall of the pipe 11 contact to form a second interface II22 second type. Each of the two boundary surfaces II21, II22 in each case has one through the specific design of the respective coupling body 712 respectively. 722 Conditional, thus predetermined surface area. Accordingly acts thus - as well as in 7 represented by an equivalent circuit diagram for a resistor network formed by means of a plurality of discrete thermal resistances - a resulting from a between the interface II21 second type and the first temperature measuring temperature resulting difference ΔT1, nevertheless passing through the same interface II21 altogether and further flowing to the first temperature measuring heat flow Q1 with a the first temperature measuring thermally conductively connected - here namely primarily by heat conduction (Konduktion) certain- first thermal resistance R1 (R1 = .DELTA.T1 / Q1), and thus acts one of a between the interface II22 second type and the second temperature measuring temperature prevailing temperature difference .DELTA.T2 resulting nonetheless passing through the same interface II22 in total and continuing to the second temperature measuring point flowing heat flow Q2, one with the second temperature measuring thermisc h conductive connected - here also primarily by heat conduction certain - second thermal resistance R2 (R2 = .DELTA.T2 / Q2) against. To achieve the best possible thermal coupling of the temperature sensor 71 as well as the temperature sensor 72 to the wall of the pipe 11 is to reach each of the thermal resistances R1 and R2 or each of the temperature sensors 71 . 72 According to a further embodiment of the invention dimensioned so that each of the thermal resistances R1 and R2 is less than 1000 K / W, for example, namely less than 25 K / W. According to a further embodiment of the invention, the two aforementioned thermal resistances R1, R2 are further dimensioned so that a total condition R1 = R2 is satisfied, namely that both heat resistances R1, R2 are set up equal.

erfüllt, und/oder daß zumindest der Kopplungskörper 712 eine spezifische Wärmekapazität, die kleiner als 200 J / (kg · K), möglichst aber auch kleiner als 100 J / (kg · K), ist. Aufgrund des für Temperatursensoren der in Rede stehenden Art typischerweise angestrebten kompakten Aufbaus sowie der typischerweise verwendeten, nämlich thermisch gut leitfähigen Materialien besteht zudem auch ein enger Zusammenhang zwischen Wärmewiderstand und Wärmekapazität des jeweiligen Temperatursensors, derart, daß die jeweilige Wärmekapazität - mithin auch die vorbezeichnete Wärmekapazität C1 bzw. C2 - umso niedriger ausgebildet ist, je niedriger der jeweilige Wärmewiderstand gewählt ist. Dementsprechend kann durch die Bemessung der Wärmewiderstände R1, R2 der Kopplungskörper 712 bzw. 722 in der vorbezeichneten Weise somit zugleich auch erreicht werden, daß jeder der Temperatursensoren 71, 72 jeweils auch nur eine vergleichsweise geringe thermische Trägheit bezüglich der jeweiligen Rohrwandtemperatur ϑ₁₁, ϑ₁₂ aufweist bzw. jede der beiden Meßstellentemperaturen ϑ1, ϑ2 - wie angestrebt - jeweils rasch allfälligen Änderungen der jeweiligen Rohrwandtemperatur folgen kann, bzw. umgekehrt, daß jede der beiden Meßstellentemperaturen ϑ1, ϑ2 nicht oder allenfalls in nur geringem Maße von einer Änderungsgeschwindigkeit der Rohrwandtemperatur, nämlich einer Geschwindigkeit, mit der die jeweilige Rohrwandtemperatur zeitlich ändert, abhängig ist.To achieve that each of the temperature sensors 71 . 72 - as well as the one in 7 in each case only a comparatively small, and therefore negligible, thermal inertia, or each of the two measuring point temperatures θ1, θ2, respectively rapid changes of a respective first pipe wall temperature θ ₁₁ , namely one of the wall of the pipe 11 assumed local temperature can follow, or that, conversely, each of the two Meßstellenentemperaturen not or only to a small extent by a rate of change of the tube wall temperature θ ₁₁ , namely a speed at which the pipe wall temperature changes, is dependent, according to a further embodiment of the invention further provided, each of the coupling bodies 712 and 722 each form so that both the coupling body 712 as well as the coupling body 722 in each case a thermal capacity C1 or C2 is inherent which is less than 2000 J / K; this advantageously also so that the heat capacity C1 of the first coupling body 712 and the heat capacity C2 of the second coupling body 722 One condition $\frac{1}{1000}<\frac{\text{C}1}{\text{<figure-callout id="2" label="C" filenames="DE102017106211A1\_0017.png,DE102017106211A1\_0022.png" state="{{state}}">C</figure-callout>}2}\le 1$

fulfilled, and / or that at least the coupling body 712 a specific heat capacity which is less than 200 J / (kg · K), but if possible less than 100 J / (kg · K). Due to the typically desired for temperature sensors of the type in question compact design and the typically used, namely thermally highly conductive materials also exists a close relationship between thermal resistance and heat capacity of the respective temperature sensor, such that the respective heat capacity - and thus the aforementioned heat capacity C1 or C2 - the lower is formed, the lower the respective thermal resistance is selected. Accordingly, by dimensioning the thermal resistances R1, R2, the coupling body 712 respectively. 722 In the manner described above, therefore, also be achieved at the same time that each of the temperature sensors 71 . 72 each also has only a comparatively small thermal inertia with respect to the respective tube wall temperature θ ₁₁ , θ ₁₂ or each of the two measuring point temperatures θ1, θ2 - as desired - can each rapidly follow any changes in the respective tube wall temperature, or vice versa, that each of the two Meßstellentemperaturen θ1, θ2 not or at best in only a small amount Measures of a rate of change of the tube wall temperature, namely a speed with which the respective pipe wall temperature changes over time depends.

The between the inner surface 100 + the wall of the converter housing 100 and the lateral surfaces 11 #, 12 # of the walls of the tube 11 bw. of the pipe 12 formed gap 100 ' is also - as with transducer devices of the type in question quite common and as in 4 and 5 each schematically indicated by dotted hatching - with a, for example, a specific thermal conductivity λF of less than 1 W / (m · K), fluid FL2 for the purpose of forming a pipe 11 enveloping fluid volume filled. That in the space 100 ' held fluid FL2 or the fluid volume formed therewith has a further referred to as tube ambient temperature θ _FL2 , possibly also time-varying fluid temperature, at least temporarily from the measuring fluid temperature θ _FL1 by more than 1 K (Kelvin), esp. At least temporarily by more than 5 K, deviates. Accordingly, according to a further embodiment of the invention, the converter housing and the tube 11 set up, the same fluid FL2 in the space 100 ' to keep such a way that the space 100 ' facing jacket surface 11 # of the wall of the tube 11 with the formation of a second interface II12 of the first type of fluid FL2 kept in the intermediate space, and consequently the tube to that in the intermediate space 100 ' formed fluid volume is thermally coupled. For example, air or an inert gas, such as nitrogen or a noble gas, in particular helium, can serve as fluid FL2. As a result, there is also a gap 100 ' facing outer surface of the temperature sensor 71 forming a third interface 1113 first type (interface between a fluid and a solid phase) and a gap 100 ' equally facing outer surface of the temperature sensor 72 The temperature sensor is contacted to form a fourth interface II14 of the first type of fluid FL2 held in the intermediate space 71 as well as the temperature sensor 72 to the in the space 100 ' formed fluid volume thermally coupled, such that - as well as in 7 schematically shown - a temperature difference ΔT3 resulting from a temperature difference ΔT3 prevailing between the boundary surface II13 of the first type and the first temperature measuring point, namely total heat flow Q3 passing from the first temperature measuring point to the boundary surface II13 but nevertheless passing through the same boundary surface II13, thermally conductively connected to the first temperature measuring point; namely heat conduction occurring here by heat conduction as well as at interface II13 (convection) certain third heat resistance R3 (R3 = .DELTA.T3 / Q3) and one resulting from one between the interface II14 first type and the second temperature measuring temperature prevailing temperature difference .DELTA.T4, namely of the second Temperaturmeßstelle total to the interface II14 flowing, nevertheless through the same interface II14 total passing through heat flow Q4 a thermally conductively connected to the second temperature measuring - here eb if necessary by heat conduction and at the interface II14 occurring heat flow certain - fourth thermal resistance R4 (R4 = ΔT4 / Q4) counteract. Each of the thermal resistances R3 and R4 is advantageously sized to be less than 20,000 K / W, especially less than 10,000 K / W. To one compared to the thermal coupling to the pipe 11 weaker thermal coupling of the temperature sensor 71 or the temperature sensor 72 to the in the space 100 ' to achieve fluid volume, not least also to achieve that the thus detected each measuring point temperature θ1 and θ2 as immune to - possibly spatially different precipitating - rapid changes in the tube ambient temperature θ _FL2 is, or that the temperature sensors 71 . 72 with respect to the tube ambient temperature θ _FL2 possible greater thermal inertia than with respect to the tube wall temperature θ ₁₁ and θ ₁₂ , the temperature sensor 71 or is the temperature sensor 72 according to a further embodiment of the invention further formed so that the thermal resistance R3 and the thermal resistance R4 is more than 500 K / W, esp. More than 5000 K / W. According to a further embodiment of the invention, the two aforementioned thermal resistances R3, R4 are further dimensioned so that overall a condition R3 = R4 is satisfied, namely that both thermal resistances R3, R4 are set up equal.

In order to determine the heat resistance R3 on the one hand in the simplest possible way in advance, on the other hand but also the same thermal resistance R3 form so that its respective copies within a lot or a series of industrially manufactured converter devices of the type in question of converter device to converter device also have the least possible scattering, thus the transducer device is overall well reproducible, the temperature sensor 71 also a temperature sensor 711 thermally coupled to the fluid volume formed in the space coupling third coupling body, the same volume of fluid contacted to form the third interface II13 first type. Namely coupling body can at least partially, esp. Namely predominantly or entirely, consist of a material of which a specific thermal conductivity greater than the specific thermal conductivity λF held in the space FL2 fluid and / or greater than 0.1 W / (m · K) and a specific heat capacity is smaller than a specific heat capacity cpF of the fluid FL2 held in the space and / or smaller than 2000 J / (kg · K). In an advantageous way, that can Material of the aforementioned coupling body matched to the fluid FL2 held in the intermediate space may also be selected such that a ratio of the specific thermal conductivity of the same material to the thermal conductivity λF of the fluid FL2 held in the gap is greater than 0.2, and / or a ratio of the specific heat capacity the same material to the heat capacity cpF of the fluid FL2 held in the space is smaller than 1.5. The third coupling body can - for example, entirely - by means of a temperature sensor 711 of the temperature sensor 71 applied, for example, with metal oxide particles offset, plastic, such as an epoxy resin or a silicone, be formed. Alternatively or in addition, the same third coupling body, possibly also completely, by means of a on the temperature sensor 711 applied fabric tape, for example, a glass fiber fabric tape, or by means of a on the temperature sensor 711 applied sheet metal, such as a sheet metal strip made of stainless steel, be formed. In the same way, the temperature sensor can 72 by means of another, namely a temperature sensor 721 be formed thermally with the fluid volume formed in the space coupling fourth coupling body, which in the space 100 ' formed fluid volume to form the fourth interface 1114 first type contacted. The fourth coupling body can advantageously also be identical to the one previously described, the temperature sensor 711 thermally to the in the space 100 ' formed fluid volume coupling third coupling body of the temperature sensor 71 be educated. In a similar way is also inside the tube 11 Namely, at the inner surface facing the lumen thereof, thus guided by fluid FL1 guided in the lumen 11 + the wall of the same tube a fifth interface of the first kind formed, resulting in the tube wall temperature θ _{11 of} the tube 11 also of the measuring fluid temperature θ _{FL1 of} the momentarily in the lumen of the tube 11 located fluid FL1 is determined.

ein den Wärmewiderstand R1 bzw. R2 mitbestimmender- nämlich einen auf einen Wärmestrom aufgrund von Wärmeleitungsvorgängen bezogenen Temperaturabfall repräsentierender - Wärmeleitwiderstand quantifiziert werden, beispielsweise nämlich für eine Einheit K / W (Kelvin pro Watt) berechnet werden. In Kenntnis der Materialkennwerte der zur Herstellung der Temperatursensoren jeweils tatsächlich verwendeten Materialen sowie der tatsächlichen Form und Abmessung der vorbezeichneten, mittels der Temperatursensoren gebildeten Grenzflächen II13, II14, II21, II22 können auch die Widerstandswerte für die vorbezeichneten, die Wärmewiderstande R1, R2, R3, R4 jeweils mitbestimmenden Wärmeübergangswiderstände ausreichend genau festgelegt bzw. ausreichend genau vorab ermittelt werden. Alternativ oder in Ergänzung können die Wärmewiderstande R1, R2, R3, R4 bzw. entsprechender Wärmewiderstandsverhältnisse beispielsweise auch mittels an der jeweiligen Wandlervorrichtung durchgeführten Kalibriermessungen experimentell ermittelt werden.Each of the aforementioned thermal resistances R1, R2, R3 and R4 is - as already mentioned - each relevant or entirely by material properties, such as a specific thermal conductivity λ, and dimensions of the respective coupling body or the wall of the tube, such as one for each flowing therethrough heat flow respective effective length L _{th of} the respective coupling body and an area A _th of the same heat flow respective effective cross-sectional area of the respective coupling body, for example, the surface area of the respective interfaces II21, II22, and / or by corresponding material characteristics of the wall of the tube 11 or in the space 100 ' vorhalten fluid FL2, thus already defined only by at least approximately previously known, however, over a longer period of operation substantially invariable parameters. Thus, each of the thermal resistances R1, R2, R3, R4 can be determined sufficiently accurately in advance by means of the same parameters (λ, A _th , L _th ). be, for example, by experimental measurements and / or calculations. For example, based on the known relationship: $$R_{tH}=\frac{L_{eff}}{\lambda \cdot A_{eff}}$$

a Wärmeleitwiderstand the heat resistance R1 or R2 mitbestimmender- namely representing a heat flow due to heat conduction processes related - are quantified, for example, for a unit K / W (Kelvin per watt) are calculated. With knowledge of the material characteristics of the materials actually used for the production of the temperature sensors as well as the actual shape and dimension of the aforementioned interfaces II13, II14, II21, II22 formed by the temperature sensors, the resistance values for the aforementioned ones, the thermal resistances R1, R2, R3, R4 are each determined with sufficient heat transfer resistances sufficiently accurately or sufficiently accurately determined in advance. Alternatively or in addition, the thermal resistances R1, R2, R3, R4 or corresponding thermal resistance ratios can also be determined experimentally, for example, by means of calibration measurements carried out on the respective converter device.

On the one hand the temperature sensor 71 with the lowest possible thermal inertia with respect to temporal changes in the pipe wall temperature of the pipe 11 on the other hand, but also as good as possible thermal coupling of the temperature sensor 71 to reach the wall of the tube even with the most compact design is the coupling body 712 According to a further embodiment of the invention, at least partially - for example, predominantly or wholly - made of a material, namely a Wärmeleitkleber of which a specific thermal conductivity λ712 greater than a specific thermal conductivity λF held in the space FL2 fluid and / or greater than 1 W. / (m · K). Advantageously, the material of the coupling body 712 In this case, furthermore, chosen such that a ratio λ712 / λF of the specific thermal conductivity λ712 of the same material of the coupling body 712 to the specific thermal conductivity λF of the fluid FL2 held in the space is greater than 2, and / or that a ratio cp712 / cpF corresponds to a specific heat capacity cp712 of the same material the coupling body 712 to the heat capacity cpF of the fluid FL2 held in the space is smaller than 1.5, especially such that the specific heat capacity cp712 is smaller than a specific heat capacity cpF of the fluid held in the space. In addition, also the coupling body 722 of the temperature sensor 72 at least partially (or entirely) of the same material as the coupling body 712 of the temperature sensor 71 be manufactured to an equally low thermal inertia of the temperature sensor 72 with respect to temporal changes of the pipe wall temperature of the pipe 11 provide and an equally good thermal coupling of the temperature sensor 72 to the wall of the pipe 11 to reach. According to a further embodiment of the invention, it is further provided that the first temperature sensor and the second temperature sensor are identical, namely that both the temperature sensor and coupling body used for it as well as the thermal coupling of the aforementioned components with each other or to the pipe and in the Interspace vorgehaltene fluid are substantially equal.

For the purpose of processing or evaluating the aforementioned measuring signals generated by means of the converter device, the measuring and operating electronics ME, as well as in FIG 3 shown schematically, with each of the at least two vibration sensors 51 . 52 as well as with each of the two temperature sensors 71 . 72 as well as with the at least one vibration exciter 41 each electrically connected, for example, in each case by means of corresponding connecting wires. For the purpose of reducing the cost of the electrical connection of the temperature sensors of the converter device with the measuring and operating electronics ME or in order to enable easy wiring of the measuring and operating electronics ME with the same temperature sensors, the measuring and operating electronics ME, as well as in 6 According to a further embodiment of the invention, a multiplexer with at least two signal inputs and at least one signal output and one, for example, a nominal resolution of more than 16 bits and / or clocked with a more than 1000 s ^- amount sampling rate, analog-to-digital converter ADC with at least one signal input and at least one signal output. Namely multiplexer MUX is particularly adapted to optionally, for example, cyclically, turn on one of its signal inputs to the signal output, such that a signal applied to each through-connected signal signal is continued to the signal output, while the analog-to-digital converter ADC is adapted to implement an analog input signal applied to a signal input having a sampling rate f _A , for example more than 1000 s ^, and having a digital resolution N, for example of more than 16 bits, to represent a digital output signal representing a same input signal; Provide signal output. As well as 6 indicated, in addition, the at least one signal output of the multiplexer and the at least one signal input of the analog-to-digital converter are electrically coupled to each other and are the temperature sensor 71 and the temperature sensor 72 each electrically connected to the multiplexer MUX, such that the Temperaturmeßsignal θ1 at a first signal input of the multiplexer MUX and that abut the Temperaturmeßsignal θ2 at a second signal input of the multiplexer MUX. As a result, during operation, the output signal of the analog-to-digital converter ADC temporarily represents exactly one of the two temperature measurement signals θ1, θ2. Furthermore, the measuring and operating electronics ME can also be configured to generate the transducer temperature measured value using the same, one of the two Temperaturmeßsignale θ1, θ2 representing output signal of the analog-to-digital converter ADC.

The measuring and operating electronics ME is furthermore set up for the exciter arrangement E, for example its at least one oscillation exciter 41 to generate - for example, to a predetermined voltage level and / or to a predetermined current level and / or to a predetermined frequency - excitation signal e, which has the one excitation frequency, namely a frequency corresponding to the useful frequency, or for effecting mechanical vibrations of the tube 11 by means of the same electrical excitation signal e1 electrical power in the at least vibration exciter 41 feed. Namely excitation signal e1 is used in particular to feed the at least one vibration exciter controlled at least with the required for exciting or maintaining the Nutzschwingungen electric power, may accordingly have a (instantaneous) resonant frequency of the Nutzmodes, thus the useful frequency corresponding signal frequency. For example, the exciter signal e can simultaneously also have a multiplicity of sinusoidal signal components with signal frequency different from one another, of which one-such as a signal component dominating at least temporarily with respect to a signal power-has the signal frequency corresponding to the useful frequency.

Moreover, the exciter arrangement E is set up for this purpose, driven by the exciter signal e, mechanical vibrations of the at least one tube 11 to stimulate or maintain. The at least one vibration exciter converts one by means of the electrical excitation signal fed electrical excitation power in, for example, pulsating or harmonic, namely substantially sinusoidal, excitation forces that act accordingly on the pipe and thus actively stimulate the desired Nutzschwingungen. The - by conversion of fed into the vibration exciter electrical excitation power finally generated - excitation forces can thereby in the expert and in itself known manner, namely by means provided in the measuring and operating electronics ME, the exciter signal based on signal frequency and signal amplitude of at least a sensor signal on and via an output channel providing driver circuit are generated accordingly. For determining the instantaneous resonant frequency of the payload mode or for setting the signal frequency corresponding to the useful frequency for the exciter signal, a digital phase-locked loop (PLL) may be provided in the driver circuit, while a current magnitude of the exciter signal determining an amount of identical exciter forces, for example can be adjusted appropriately by means of a corresponding current regulator of the driver circuit. The measuring device electronics ME can be configured here, for example, to regulate the exciter signal in such a way that the useful oscillations have a constant, thus also of the density p or the viscosity η of each medium to be measured largely independent amplitude. To generate the aforementioned excitation signal can - as in such measurement and operating electronics quite common or as well as in 2 indicated - in the measuring and operating electronics ME also a corresponding, for example, designed as an independent electronics module, driver circuit Exc may be provided. The structure and the use of the aforementioned phase-locked loops for actively exciting vibrating elements of the type in question at a momentary resonance frequency is, for example, in US-A 48 01 897 described in detail. Of course, other suitable for adjusting the excitation energy or the exciter power, the expert in and of itself, for example, from the above-mentioned US-A 48 01 897 . US-A 50 24 104 , respectively. US-A 63 11 136 , known driver circuits are used.

The measurement and operation electronics ME are further adapted to receive and process the two vibration measurement signals s1, s2 as well as the two temperature measurement signals θ1, θ2 and using both each of the two oscillation signals s1, s2 and each of the temperature measurement signals θ1 , θ2 is a mass flow rate reading X _m , namely a mass flow rate, m, through the pipe 11 and / or through the pipe 12 to generate the fluid flowing representing the measured value (x _x → x _m), and a mass flow sequence X _m, namely a sequence of such temporally consecutive, each of the mass flow rate, m, of the fluid instantaneously representing the mass flow measurement values x _{m, i.} This can - as with such measuring and operating electronics quite common or as well as in 2 indicated - in the measuring and operating electronics ME also a corresponding, possibly also with the aforementioned driver circuit Exc electrically connected, for example, as a separate electronic module ausgebildete and / or at least one microprocessor having, measuring and evaluation circuit μC be provided. In the measuring system according to the invention, the measuring and operating electronics ME is in particular provided or adapted to generate the aforementioned mass flow measurements x _{m, i} so that at least for a reference mass flow rate m _ref , namely a predetermined mass flow rate through the Converter fluid flowing reference fluid, for example, a liquid or a gas mass flow measurements x _{m, i} (x _{m, i} → x _{m, ref} ) of the aforementioned temperature difference Δθ between the two temperature measuring points are independent; this in particular in such a way that for at least a non-zero, nonetheless constant reference mass flow rate m _ref temporally successively determined mass flow measurements x _{m, i} (x _{m, i} → x _{m, ref} ) even with different - esp. namely, more than 1 K amount and / or less than 10 K amounts and / or time-varying with a range of more than 1 K scattering and / or temporally changing at a rate of change of more than 0.05 K / s -Temperaturdifferenzen Δθ not more than 0.01% of the same reference mass flow rate m _ref differ, and / or that in each case in the case of a non-fluid flow-through converter device successively determined in time mass flow measurements x _{m, i} (x _{m, i} → x _{m, ref} ) even with different - in particular more than 1 K amount and / or less than 10 K amounts and / or over time with a span of more than 1 K and / or r less than 10 K scattering and / or with a rate of change of more than 0.05 K / s time-varying - temperature differences less than 0.01 kg / h or less than 0.01 kg / h differ from each other.

The aforementioned reference mass flow rate m _ref, for example, during a (wet) calibration of the measuring system are adjusted with the reference fluid using a calibrated reference measuring system, for example prior to its delivery to a calibration of the manufacturer and / or also as inter alia also in the aforementioned WO-A 02/097379 shown in installation position on site. For the above-mentioned case, that the reference fluid mi is allowed to flow through the converter device at a reference mass flow rate _ref that is different from zero, the fluid flow can advantageously be laminar, not least for the purpose of establishing the aforementioned temperature difference Reference fluid advantageously with a Reynolds number (Re) of less than 1000 to be flowed through the transducer device. Accordingly, the aforementioned reference mass flow rate m _ref may be, for example, a mass flow rate not exceeding 1 kg / h and / or kept constant. For example, the reference mass flow rate m _ref but also be zero, so that the determined mass flow measurements x _{m, i} (x _{m, i} → x _{m, ref} → x _{m, ZERO} ) a scale zero point of the measuring and operating -Electronics ME represent. The reference fluid may be advantageously, not least for the purpose of establishing the aforementioned temperature difference, for example, a gas or a liquid having a specific heat capacity c _{p, ref} , which is more than 1 kJ · kg ^-1 · K ^-1 and / or less than 4.2 kJ · kg ^-1 · K ^-1 . and / or to be such a fluid having a fluid temperature of not less than 20 ° C in the tube 11 or the converter device formed therewith is initiated. Accordingly, the reference fluid may be, for example, an oil, in particular with a viscosity of more than 10 ^-2 Pa · s (pascal second). Particularly pronounced temperature differences Δθ can be determined in this case if the respective reference mass flow rate m _{ref is} dependent on an amount | D | of the specified nominal diameter of the converter device given in SI base unit for length (m = meter) is less than | D | · 10000 kg / h. However, reference fluid can also be, for example, water or, for example, also air, in which case significant temperature differences Δθ can already be established for reference mass flow rates m _ref of less than | D | · 1000 kg / h.

bzw. die Massendurchfluß-Meßwerte x_m,i so zu ermitteln, daß ein für die Referenz-Massendurchflußrate m_ref ermittelter Massendurchfluß-Meßwert x_m,ref zumindest eine nämlicher Polynomfunktion entsprechende Bedingung erfüllt. Im besondem kann die Meß- und Betriebs-Elektronik ME eingerichtet sein, vorbezeichnete Massendurchfluß-Meßwerte x_m,i so zu ermitteln, daß im Falle einer nicht von Fluid durchströmten Wandlervorrichtung bzw. eines nicht von Fluid durchströmten ersten Rohrs zeitlich aufeinanderfolgend ermittelte, insb. jeweils einem eine Massendurchflußrate m von Null (m_ref = 0) entsprechenden Skalen-Nullpunkt x_m,ZERO der Meß- und Betriebs-Elektronik ME repräsentierende, Massendurchfluß-Meßwerte x_m,i (x_m,i → x_m,ZERO) eine Bedingung: $$\begin{array}{ccc}{\text{C}}_0\cdot \mathrm{\Delta }\phi +{\displaystyle \sum _{\text{j}=0}^{\text{N}}{\text{K}}_{\text{j}}}\cdot {\left(\mathrm{\Delta }\vartheta \right)}^{\text{j}}={\text{C}}_0\cdot \mathrm{\Delta }\phi +{\displaystyle \sum _{\text{j}=0}^{\text{N}}{\text{K}}_{\text{j}}}\cdot {\left(\vartheta 1-\vartheta 2\right)}^{\text{j}}\le \mathrm{0,}\text{01kg/h}& \text{mit}& \text{j}=\mathrm{0,}\text{1}\text{,2}\text{,}\dots \text{N}\end{array}\text{,}$$

insb. nämlich eine Bedingung: $${\text{C}}_0\cdot \mathrm{\Delta }\phi +{\displaystyle \sum _{\text{j}=0}^{\text{N}}{\text{K}}_{\text{j}}}\cdot {\left(\mathrm{\Delta }\vartheta \right)}^{\text{j}}={\text{C}}_0\cdot \mathrm{\Delta }\phi +{\displaystyle \sum _{\text{j}=0}^{\text{N}}{\text{K}}_{\text{j}}}\cdot {\left(\vartheta 1-\vartheta 2\right)}^{\text{j}}\approx 0$$

erfüllen. Nämliche Temperaturdifferenz-Koeffizienten K_j können für das jeweilige Meßsystem vorab experimentell - etwa im Zuge der vorbezeichneten (Naß-)Kalibrierung des Meßsystems durch Einmessen des jeweiligen Meßsystems bei verschiedenen Temperaturdifferenzen und/oder verschiedenen (Referenz-)Masssendurchflußraten und/oder durch rechnerbasierte Simulationen - bestimmt werden, beispielsweise durch Anpassung der Polynomfunktion bzw. deren Temperaturdifferenz-Koeffizienten K_j an experimentell ermittelte Meß- und/oder Simulationsdaten, etwa nach der Methode der kleinsten Quadrate (KQ-Methode). Weiterführende Untersuchungen haben hierbei ergeben, daß für zahlreiche Anwendung die Anzahl der Temperaturdifferenz-Koeffizienten in der vorbezeichneten Polynomfunktion ohne weiteres auf N≤3 bzw. ein Polynomgrad dementsprechend auch auf zwei oder eins limitiert werden kann. Zudem konnte ferner festgestellt werden, daß es für die allermeisten Wandlervorrichtungen bzw. Wandlervorrichtungstypen genügen kann, die zunächst für eine einzelne Wandlervorrichtung stellvertretend experimentell ermittelten Temperaturdifferenz-Koeffizienten K_j der Polynomfunktion auf andere, baugleiche Wandlervorrichtungen zu übertragen, so daß nämliche baugleiche Wandlervorrichtungen einhergehend mit einer beträchtlichen Reduzierung des Kalibrieraufwandes bezüglich der Polynomfunktion nicht mehr erneut eingemessen werden müssen.According to a further embodiment of the invention, the measuring and operating electronics ME are set up to determine the mass flow measured values x _{m, i} based on the following polynomial function, namely N temperature difference coefficients K _j : $$\begin{array}{ccc}{\text{x}}_{\text{m}\text{, ref}}={\text{C}}_0\cdot \mathrm{\Delta }\phi +{\displaystyle \underset{\text{j}=0}{\overset{\text{N}}{\Sigma }}{\text{K}}_{\text{j}}}\cdot {\left(\mathrm{\Delta }\theta \right)}^{\text{j}}={\text{C}}_0\cdot \mathrm{\Delta }\phi +{\displaystyle \underset{\text{j}=0}{\overset{\text{N}}{\Sigma }}{\text{K}}_{\text{j}}}\cdot {\left(\theta 1-\theta 2\right)}^{\text{j}}& \text{With}& \text{j}=0\text{1}\text{2}\text{.}...\text{N}\end{array}\text{.}$$

to identify or the mass flow measurement values x _{m, i} so that a value determined for the reference mass flow rate m _ref mass flow measured value x _{m ref,} at least one polynomial function fulfilled nämlicher corresponding condition. In particular, the measuring and operating electronics ME can be set up to determine mass flow measured values x _{m, i in} such a way that, in the case of a non-fluid-flowed converter device or a first tube not flowed through by fluid, in particular time-sequentially determined, esp. in each case one of a mass flow rate m of zero (m _ref = 0) corresponding scale zero point x _{m, ZERO} the measuring and operating electronics ME representing mass flow measurements x _{m, i} (x _{m, i} → x _{m, ZERO} ) a Condition: $$\begin{array}{ccc}{\text{C}}_0\cdot \mathrm{\Delta }\phi +{\displaystyle \underset{\text{j}=0}{\overset{\text{N}}{\Sigma }}{\text{K}}_{\text{j}}}\cdot {\left(\mathrm{\Delta }\theta \right)}^{\text{j}}={\text{C}}_0\cdot \mathrm{\Delta }\phi +{\displaystyle \underset{\text{j}=0}{\overset{\text{N}}{\Sigma }}{\text{K}}_{\text{j}}}\cdot {\left(\theta 1-\theta 2\right)}^{\text{j}}\le 0\text{01kg / h}& \text{With}& \text{j}=0\text{1}\text{2}\text{.}...\text{N}\end{array}\text{.}$$

namely a condition: $${\text{C}}_0\cdot \mathrm{\Delta }\phi +{\displaystyle \underset{\text{j}=0}{\overset{\text{N}}{\Sigma }}{\text{K}}_{\text{j}}}\cdot {\left(\mathrm{\Delta }\theta \right)}^{\text{j}}={\text{C}}_0\cdot \mathrm{\Delta }\phi +{\displaystyle \underset{\text{j}=0}{\overset{\text{N}}{\Sigma }}{\text{K}}_{\text{j}}}\cdot {\left(\theta 1-\theta 2\right)}^{\text{j}}\approx 0$$

fulfill. The same temperature difference coefficients K _j can be determined experimentally for the respective measuring system in advance, for example in the course of the aforementioned (wet) calibration of the measuring system by measuring the respective measuring system at different temperature differences and / or different (reference) mass flow rates and / or by computer-based simulations. be determined, for example, by adaptation of the polynomial function or their temperature difference coefficient K _j to experimentally determined measurement and / or simulation data, such as the method of least squares (KQ method). Further investigations have shown that for many applications, the number of temperature difference coefficients in the above polynomial function can be limited to N≤3 or a polynomial degree correspondingly to two or one. In addition, it has also been found that it can be sufficient for the vast majority of converter devices or converter devices to first transfer the experimentally determined temperature difference coefficients K _{j of} the polynomial function to other, identical converter devices for a single converter device, so that the same identical converter devices are associated with a considerable reduction of the calibration effort with respect to the polynomial function no longer need to be re-measured.

Not least for the purpose of implementing the aforementioned polynomial function, the measuring and operating electronics ME according to a further embodiment of the invention is further adapted, using both the Temperaturmeßsignals θ1 and the Temperaturmeßsignals θ2 a temperature difference sequence x _{Δθ, i} , namely a sequence of the temperature difference Δθ representing temperature difference measured values x _{Δθ, i} , and / or the measuring and operating electronics ME are set up using both the oscillation signal s1 and the oscillation signal s2 in the person skilled in the art In known manner, a phase difference sequence x _{Δφ, i} , namely a sequence of time-sequential, each phase difference Δ _φ representing (conventional) phase difference measured values x _{Δφ, i} to generate. Using both the phase difference sequence X _{Δφ, i} and the temperature difference sequence X _{Δθ, i} , the aforementioned mass flow sequence X _m can be generated continuously, for example based on a computation rule corresponding to the aforementioned polynomial function: $$\begin{array}{ccc}{\text{x}}_{\text{m}\text{i}}={\text{C}}_0\cdot {\text{x}}_{\mathrm{\Delta }\phi \text{i}}+{\displaystyle \underset{\text{j}=0}{\overset{\text{N}}{\Sigma }}{\text{K}}_{\text{j}}}\cdot {\left({\text{x}}_{\mathrm{\Delta }\theta \text{i}}\right)}^{\text{j}}& \text{With}& \text{j}=\text{0}\text{,1}\text{2}\text{.}...\end{array}$$

The calculation of the respective (instantaneous) temperature difference measured value x _Δθ can be effected, for example, by means of the measuring and operating electronics ME at time intervals both on the basis of the temperature measuring signal θ1 a measuring point temperature θ1 representing the first measuring point temperature measured value and on the basis of Temperaturmeßsignals θ2 a Meßstellentemperatur θ2 representing the second Meßstellentemperatur measured value are generated, and that nämlicher temperature difference measured value x _{.DELTA..theta.} A simple numerical subtraction of the same both actually detected Meßstellentemperatur measured values. In addition, the measuring and operating electronics ME may also be arranged to use the temperature difference sequence X _{Δθ, i,} a functionality of the converter device, esp. That is, a functionality of the tube 11 to monitor; For example, by means of the measuring and operating electronics ME measuring and operating electronics using the temperature difference sequence X _{Δθ, i} diagnose whether or that the tubes 11 or the conversion device thus formed has a flow resistance which has changed compared to an original flow resistance or _, if necessary, also generates an alarm using the temperature difference sequence X _{Δθ, i} which signals a limited functionality of the converter device, for example as a result of the previously described change Flow resistance of the pipe 11 ,

berechneten - gewichteten Mittel der Meßstellentemperaturen ϑ1, ϑ2 entspricht. Die Berechnung des Wandlertemperatur-Meßwerts X_Θ kann z.B. in der Weise erfolgen, daß zunächst mittels der sowohl anhand des Temperaturmeßsignals θ1 einen die Meßstellentemperatur ϑ1 repräsentierenden ersten Meßstellentemperatur-Meßwert X₁ als auch anhand des Temperaturmeßsignals θ2 einen die Meßstellentemperatur ϑ2 repräsentierenden zweiten Meßstellentemperatur-Meßwert X₂ generiert werden, und daß nämlicher Wandlertemperatur-Meßwert gemäß einer von den Meßstellentemperatur-Meßwerten X₁, X₂ sowie von vorab ermittelten und in der Meß- und Betriebs-Elektronik ME abgespeicherten numerischen Festwerten α, β abhängigen Berechnungsvorschrift: $${\text{X}}_{\mathrm{\Theta }}\mathrm{=\alpha }\cdot {\text{X}}_{\mathrm{\theta }\text{1}}\mathrm{+\beta }\cdot {\text{X}}_{\mathrm{\theta }2}$$

bzw. $${\text{X}}_{\mathrm{\Theta }}=\frac{\mathrm{\alpha }\cdot {\text{X}}_{\mathrm{\theta }1}+\mathrm{\beta }\cdot {\text{X}}_{\mathrm{\theta 2}}}{\mathrm{\alpha }+\mathrm{\beta }}$$

ermittelt wird. Bei Verwendung von gleichzeitig lediglich zwei basierend auf den Temperaturmeßsignalen ermittelten Meßstellentemperatur-Meßwerten können die in vorbezeichneter Bedingung enthaltenen Festwerte α, β in vorteilhafter Weise auch so gewählt sein, daß sie im Ergebnis die Bedingung α + β = 1 erfüllt ist; dies im besonderen auch derart, daß die Bedingung α = β = 0,5 erfüllt ist, mithin die Meßstellentemperaturen ϑ1, ϑ2 mit jeweils gleichem Gewicht in das Meßergebnis eingehen bzw. der Wandlertemperatur-Meßwert X_Θ einem arithmetischen Mittelwert 0,5 · (ϑ1+ ϑ2) der Meßstellentemperaturen ϑ1, ϑ2 entspricht. Für den erwähnten Fall, daß die zwei Temperatursensoren 71, 72 baugleich sind und daß der Aufbau der Temperatursensoranordnung der Wandlervorrichtung achsensymmetrisch bezüglich der vorbezeichneten gedachten Symmetrieachse ist, repräsentiert der Wandlertemperatur-Temperaturmeßwert X_Θ dementsprechend eine mittlere Rohrwandtemperatur ϑ ₁₁ des Rohrs 11. Falls erforderlich, können die Festwerte α, β hierfür aber auch unter Abwandlung der vorbezeichneten Bedingung α = β = 0,5 so definiert sein - beispielsweise nämlich anhand von entsprechenden Kalibrationsmessungen an der Wandlervorrichtung feinjustiert werden -, daß der dadurch schlußendlich ermittelte Wandlertemperatur-Meßwert zumindest tatsächlich nämlicher mittlerer Rohrwandtemperatur ϑ ₁₁ des Rohrs 11 genauer entspricht als bei Anwendung nämlicher Bedingung α = β = 0,5.The measuring and operating electronics ME according to a further embodiment of the invention further adapted to generate (using the temperature measurement signal θ1 and the temperature measuring signal θ2 (recurring)) a transducer temperature measured value X _Θ which represents a transducer temperature θ _mw which is both differs from the measuring point temperature θ1 as well as the measuring point temperature θ2, but also from the aforementioned temperature difference Δθ, such that an amount of the same transducer temperature measured value X _Θ a - for example according to the formula: $\frac{\mathrm{\alpha }\cdot \mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="\theta "\; filenames="DE102017106211A1\_0017.png,DE102017106211A1\_0023.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">\theta </figure-callout>}\mathrm{1\; +\; \beta }\cdot \mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="\theta "\; filenames="DE102017106211A1\_0017.png,DE102017106211A1\_0022.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">\theta </figure-callout>}\mathrm{2}}{\mathrm{\alpha \; +\; \beta }}$

calculated - weighted average of the measuring point temperatures θ1, θ2 corresponds. The calculation of the transducer temperature measured value X _Θ can be carried out, for example, by first using the temperature measuring signal θ1 a measuring point temperature θ1 representing first Meßstellentemperatur measured value X ₁ and on the basis of the Temperaturmeßsignals θ2 a Meßstellenentemperatur θ2 representing the second Meßstellentemperatur measured value X _{2 are} generated, and that the same transducer temperature measured value in accordance with one of the measuring point temperature measured values X ₁ , X ₂ as well as previously determined and stored in the measuring and operating electronics ME numerical fixed values α, β dependent calculation rule: $${\text{X}}_{\mathrm{\Theta }}\mathrm{=\; \alpha }\cdot {\text{<figure-callout id="1" label="X θ" filenames="DE102017106211A1\_0017.png,DE102017106211A1\_0023.png" state="{{state}}">X </figure-callout>}}_{\mathrm{\theta }}\mathrm{+\; \beta }\cdot {\text{<figure-callout id="2" label="X θ" filenames="DE102017106211A1\_0017.png,DE102017106211A1\_0022.png" state="{{state}}">X </figure-callout>}}_{\mathrm{\theta }}$$

respectively. $${\text{X}}_{\mathrm{\Theta }}=\frac{\mathrm{\alpha }\cdot {\text{<figure-callout id="1" label="X θ" filenames="DE102017106211A1\_0017.png,DE102017106211A1\_0023.png" state="{{state}}">X </figure-callout>}}_{\mathrm{\theta }}+\mathrm{\beta }\cdot {\text{X}}_{\mathrm{\theta 2}}}{\mathrm{\alpha }+\mathrm{\beta }}$$

is determined. When simultaneously using only two measuring point temperature measured values determined on the basis of the temperature measuring signals, the fixed values α, β contained in the aforementioned condition can advantageously also be selected such that, as a result, the condition α + β = 1 is fulfilled; this in the especially also such that the condition α = β = 0.5 is satisfied, hence the measuring point temperatures θ1, θ2, each having the same weight, are included in the measurement result or the transducer temperature measured value X _{Θ is} an arithmetic mean 0.5 × (θ1 + θ2) the measuring point temperatures θ1, θ2 corresponds. For the case mentioned, that the two temperature sensors 71 . 72 are identical and that the structure of the temperature sensor assembly of the converter device is axisymmetric with respect to the imaginary imaginary axis of symmetry, the transducer temperature measured temperature X _{Θ represents} accordingly a mean tube wall temperature θ _{11 of} the pipe 11 , If necessary, the fixed values .alpha., .Beta. For this purpose can also be defined as a modification of the aforementioned condition .alpha. =. Beta. = 0.5 - for example, be finely adjusted by means of corresponding calibration measurements on the converter device - that the converter temperature measured value determined as a result at least actually the same mean pipe wall temperature θ _{11 of} the pipe 11 more precisely than when using the same condition α = β = 0.5.

bzw. $${\text{X}}_{\mathrm{\Theta }\text{,FL}}=\frac{\mathrm{\alpha }\cdot {\text{X}}_{\mathrm{\theta }1}+\mathrm{\beta }\cdot {\text{X}}_{\mathrm{\theta 2}}}{\mathrm{\alpha }+\mathrm{\beta }}+{\text{K}}_{\text{FL}}$$

ermittelt werden, wobei nämlicher Koeffizienten K_FL eine Temperatur-Differenz zwischen der gemessenen Wandlervorrichtungstemperatur ϑ_MW und der zugleich auftretenden Meßfluidtemperatur B_FL1, insb. eine sich bei in thermischem Equilibrum befindlicher Wandlervorrichtung stets einstellende stationäre, mithin vorab bestimmbare Temperatur-Differenz, repräsentiert.For the other case mentioned, that the measuring system is also intended to measure the measuring fluid temperature θ _FL1 , the measuring and operating electronics ME is further adapted to occasionally also based on the two temperature measuring signals θ1, θ2 a measured fluid temperature measured value x _θ , which represents the same measurement fluid temperature θ _FL1 . The measured fluid temperature measured value x _θ can be determined, for example, in a very simple manner using a calculation method (cf. 5 ) 6 ) only by a, for example fixed predetermined, coefficient K _FL supplemented calculation rule. $${\text{X}}_{\mathrm{\Theta }\text{, FL}}=\mathrm{\alpha }\cdot {\text{<figure-callout id="1" label="X θ" filenames="DE102017106211A1\_0017.png,DE102017106211A1\_0023.png" state="{{state}}">X </figure-callout>}}_{\mathrm{\theta }}+\mathrm{\beta }\cdot {\text{X}}_{\mathrm{\theta 2}}+{\text{K}}_{\text{FL}}$$

respectively. $${\text{X}}_{\mathrm{\Theta }\text{, FL}}=\frac{\mathrm{\alpha }\cdot {\text{<figure-callout id="1" label="X θ" filenames="DE102017106211A1\_0017.png,DE102017106211A1\_0023.png" state="{{state}}">X </figure-callout>}}_{\mathrm{\theta }}+\mathrm{\beta }\cdot {\text{X}}_{\mathrm{\theta 2}}}{\mathrm{\alpha }+\mathrm{\beta }}+{\text{K}}_{\text{FL}}$$

The same coefficients K _{FL represent} a temperature difference between the measured transducer temperature θ _MW and the simultaneously occurring measured fluid temperature B _FL1 , in particular a steady-state, and thus pre-determinable, temperature difference which always occurs when the transducer device is in thermal equilibrium.

According to another embodiment of the invention, the measuring and operating electronics ME is further configured to use the temperature measuring signal θ1, but not the temperature measuring θ2 or using the temperature measuring θ2, but not the temperature measuring θ1 an auxiliary temperature X _{Θ, MW *} to generate, which represents the converter device temperature at least approximately. As a result, for example, even in the event that exactly one of the two temperature sensors 71 . 72 is defective and / or disconnected from the measuring and operating electronics ME, for example by breaking one of the aforementioned connecting lines, nevertheless a measured value for transducer temperature is determined and replaced instead of the transducer temperature measured value X _{Θ, MW} . Furthermore, the measuring and operating electronics ME can also be set up for this by using the temperature measuring signal θ1, but not the temperature measuring signal θ2 or by using the temperature measuring signal θ2, but not the temperature measuring signal θ1, a (further) auxiliary temperature measuring value X _{Θ, FL *} to generate, which at least approximately represents the Meßfluidtemperatur, as well as the same Hilfstemperaturmeßwert X _{Θ, FL *} optionally instead of the Meßfluidtemperatur measured value X _{Θ, FL issued as a} substitute. Alternatively or in addition, the measuring and operating electronics ME can also be set up for the aforementioned defect of one of the temperature sensors 71 . 72 or the aforementioned separation of one of the temperature sensors 71 . 72 be detected by the measuring and operating electronics ME and possibly to report, for example in the form of a maintenance message.

Furthermore, as already mentioned, the measuring system can furthermore be designed to measure a density and / or a viscosity of the medium, for example based on a useful signal component of at least one of the vibration signals and / or based on the excitation signal. For this purpose, the measuring and operating electronics ME according to a further embodiment of the invention is further configured, using at least one of the oscillation signal s1, s2 recurrently to generate a Frequenzmeßwert x _f , which has a frequency of mechanical vibrations of the tube 11 represents; this in particular in such a way that on the basis of the oscillation signal a useful frequency, namely a dependent of the measured variable to be measured oscillation frequency of Nutzschwingungen is determined and the Frequenzmeßwert x _{f represents the} same useful frequency. As useful frequency can - as already mentioned and as in vibronic Measuring systems of the type in question quite common - one of the fluid-carrying tubes each inherent resonant frequencies to be selected, for example, a resonant frequency of a Bieschwwingungsgrundmodes the tubes. In addition, the measuring and operating electronics ME according to a further embodiment of the invention is adapted to generate at least one further measured value using at least the Frequenzmeßwerts. The measured value generated by means of the frequency measurement value x _f can be, for example, a density measured value x _ρ representing the density p of the fluid FL1 and / or a viscosity measured value x _η representing the viscosity η of the fluid FL1. The measuring and operating electronics ME is according to a further embodiment of the invention also adapted to also the at least one density measured value X _ρ and / or the least one viscosity measured value x _η using both the temperature measuring signal θ1 generated by means of the converter device also to generate at least the temperature measuring signal θ2 generated by means of the converter device.

For compensating by the oscillating tube 11 If necessary, the converter device can also have a counter-oscillator vibrated in operation, for example the same, as opposed to the above-mentioned useful swayings, if necessary, as well as density-dependent transverse forces. Namely counter-oscillator, for example, by means of a solid rod or plate or for example by means of a pipe 11 identical and / or to the pipe 11 be formed parallel pipe. According to a development of the invention, the converter device is at least one lumen enveloped by a wall 12 ' having, for example, at least partially curved and / or at least partially straight second tube 12 fitted. Same pipe 12 extends, as in others 2 indicated by an inlet-side first end 12a to an outlet side second end 12b , The pipe 12 can - as well as in the 2 . 3a or 3b indicated or as the synopsis readily apparent - the tube 11 identical and / or to the first pipe 11 be arranged in parallel. According to a further embodiment of the invention is the same tube 12 further provided for, at least from a partial volume of the fluid FL1, starting from the end 12a towards the end 12b to be flowed through and vibrated while; this in particular in such a way that each of the example identical - tubes 11 . 12 is vibrated simultaneously and / or gegengleich. The at least two pipes 11 . 12 For example, the formation of serial flow paths may be fluidly connected to one another such that the tube 11 with his second end 11b to the first end 12a of the pipe 12 connected. The pipes 11 . 12 but can also - as in converter devices of the type in question quite common - be connected to one another fluid-conducting formation of two parallel flow paths. For the converter device according to another embodiment of the invention further comprises an inlet side first flow divider 20 ₁ and an outlet side second flow divider 20 ₂ , wherein both the second tube 11 as well as the pipe 12 under the formation of fluidically parallel flow paths to, for example, identical, flow divider 20 ₁ , 20 _{2 are} connected, such that the tube 11 with its end 11a in a first flow opening 20 _{1A of} the flow divider 20 ₁ and with its end 11b into a first flow opening 20 _{2A of} the flow divider 20 ₂ opens, and that the tube 12 with its end 12a in a second flow opening 20 _{1B of} the flow divider 20 ₁ and with the end thereof 12b into a second flow opening 20 _{2B of} the flow divider 20 ₂ opens. In this case can be attached to the attachment of additional temperature sensors on the pipe 12 possibly also be waived, so that the converter device except the two temperature sensors 71 . 72 no further on one of the pipes 11 . 12 attached has to have or have attached temperature sensors. For the other case mentioned above, that the pipes 11 . 12 inside a converter housing 100 can be both the flow divider 20 ₁ and the flow divider 20 ₂ each integral part of the same converter housing be approximately such that -wie in 2 schematically illustrated - by means of the flow divider 20 _1, a first end of the converter housing and by means of the flow divider 20 ₂ a remote from the first end of the converter housing second end of the converter housing are formed.

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

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Claims (31)

Vibronic measuring system for measuring a mass flow rate, m, of a fluid (FL1), in particular in a pipeline, in particular a gas, a liquid or a dispersion, comprising: - a, in particular by means of a microprocessor and / or a digital signal processor formed, measuring and operating electronics (ME); - As well as with the same measuring and operating electronics (ME) electrically coupled, esp. Mechanically connected, transducer device, - wherein the transducer device (MW) comprises: - a one of a, in particular metallic, wall enveloped lumen (11 ' ), from an inlet-side first end (11a) to an outlet-side second end (11b) extending, esp. At least partially curved and / or at least partially straight, first tube (11), which is provided for or at least from a partial volume of the fluid (FL1), starting from the inlet-side first end in the direction of the outlet-side second end, flows through and be vibrated while; a first temperature sensor (71) thermally conductively coupled to the wall of the first pipe, positioned less far from the first end (11a) of the first pipe (11) than the first pipe (11) of the first pipe (11b) ) and which is designed or set up to detect a first measuring point temperature (θ1), namely a temperature of the wall of the first tube at an inlet-side first temperature measuring point formed by the same temperature sensor (71) and in a first temperature measuring signal (θ1 ), namely a first electrical measuring signal representing the first measuring point temperature (θ1), in particular with an electrical signal voltage dependent on the first measuring point temperature and / or with an electrical signal current dependent on the first measuring point temperature; - A, in particular as the first temperature sensor (71), thermally conductively coupled to the wall of the first tube, esp. To the first temperature sensor (71) identical, second temperature sensor (72), - less far from the second end (12b) of the first pipe (12) is positioned remotely as a first pipe (12) of the first end (12a) and which is designed to have a second measuring point temperature (θ2), namely a temperature of the wall of the pipe first tube at a means of the same temperature sensor (72) formed, remote from the first Temperaturmeßstelle and / or outlet side second Temperaturmeßstelle to capture and in a second Temperaturmeßsignal (θ2), namely a second Meßstellenentemperatur (θ2) representing the second electrical measurement signal, esp one of the same second measuring point temperature-dependent electrical signal voltage and / or with one of nämlicher second Meßstellentemperatu r dependent electrical signal current, to convert; - At least one, esp. Electrodynamic, vibration exciter (41) for exciting and maintaining mechanical vibrations of the first tube to an associated static rest position, esp. Of bending vibrations of the first tube about a first end with its second end imaginary connecting imaginary axis of vibration ; - A, in particular electrodynamic, first vibration sensor (51) for detecting mechanical vibrations of the first tube (11), --- less far from the first end (11a) of the first tube (11) is positioned away from the second end (11b) Namely, the first pipe (11) --- which is adapted to detect vibration movements of the first pipe at an intake side first vibration measuring point formed by the same vibration sensor (51) and to transmit a first vibration signal (s1) representing the same vibration motion to generate; - And at least one, in particular electrodynamic and / or to the first vibration sensor (51) identical, second vibration sensor (52) for detecting mechanical vibrations of the first tube (11), - less far from the second end (11b) of first pipe (11) is positioned away from the first end (11a) of the same first pipe (11) --- and adapted to oscillate movements of the first pipe to an exhaust side second vibration measuring point formed by the same vibration sensor (52) and to generate a second oscillation signal (s2) representing the same oscillatory movements, such that a phase difference (Δφ) exists between the first oscillation signal (s1) and namely the second oscillation signal (s2), both from the mass flow rate, m, and from a between a temperature of the second vibration sensor (52) and a temperature of the first one Vibration sensor (51) established esp. At least temporarily with a rate of change of more than 0.05 K / s temporally changing, temperature difference (Δ9) is dependent; - wherein the measurement and operating electronics (ME) are electrically connected to each of the first and second vibration sensors (51, 52) as well as each of the first and second temperature sensors (71, 72) as well as to the at least one vibration exciter (41) ; - Wherein the measuring and operating electronics (ME) is arranged, for effecting mechanical vibrations of the first tube (11) by means of an electrical excitation signal (e1) to feed electrical power into the at least vibration exciter (41); - and wherein the measuring and operating electronics (ME) is arranged, using both each of the first and second oscillation signals (s1, s2) and each of the first and second temperature measuring signals (θ1, θ2) a mass flow sequence (X _m ), namely a sequence of mass flow rate measurement values (x _{m, i} ) currently representing the mass flow rate, m, of the fluid currently being present, such that at least for a reference mass flow rate (m _ref ), namely a predetermined, esp. Not more than 1 kg / h amount and / or held constant, mass flow rate of a flowing through the converter device, for example, also laminar and / or with a Reynolds number of less than 1000 flowing through the first tube and / or a specific Heat capacity (c _{p, ref} ) of more than 1 kJ · kg ^-1 · K ^-1 and / or less than 4.2 kJ · kg ^-1 · K ^-1 having reference fluids, especially a liquid or a gas that M flow rate measurement values (x _{m, i} → x _{m, ref} ) are independent of the temperature difference (Δ9), in particular such that --- for at least one non-zero but nonetheless constant reference mass flow rate (m _ref ) determined in chronological succession Mass flow measured values (x _{m, i} → x _{m, ref} ) even at different, namely accounting for more than 1 K and / or less than 10 K and / or in the time course with a spread of more than 1 K scattering and / or with a rate of change of more than 0.05 K / s time-varying, temperature differences of not more than 0.01% of the same reference mass flow rate (m _ref ) differ, --- and / or that a scale zero point of the measuring and Operating electronics (ME) representing, namely in each case in the case of a non-fluid flowed through converter device or in each case for a reference mass flow rate (m _ref ) of time sequentially determined Massendurc flow measurements ( _{Xm, ref} → xm _{, ZERO} ) even at different, yet more than 1 K amount and / or less than 10 K amounts and / or over time with a span of more than 1 K and / or less than 10 K scattering and / or with a rate of change of more than 0.05 K / s time-varying temperature differences less than 0.01 kg / h or less than 0.01 kg / h differ. Measuring system according to one of the preceding claims, - the measuring and operating electronics (ME) being arranged to determine the mass flow measured values ( _{Xm, i} ) in such a way that a mass flow rate determined for the reference mass flow rate (m _ref ) is obtained. Measured value ( _{Xm, ref} ) a condition: $$\begin{array}{ccc}{\text{x}}_{\text{m}\text{, ref}}={\text{C}}_0\cdot \mathrm{\Delta }\phi +{\displaystyle \underset{\text{j}=0}{\overset{\text{N}}{\Sigma }}{\text{K}}_{\text{j}}\cdot {\left(\mathrm{\Delta }\theta \right)}^{\text{j}}={\text{C}}_0\cdot \mathrm{\Delta }\phi +{\displaystyle \underset{\text{j}=0}{\overset{\text{N}}{\Sigma }}{\text{K}}_{\text{j}}\cdot {\left(\theta 1-\theta 2\right)}^{\text{j}}}}& \text{With}& \text{j}=\text{0}\text{,1}\text{2}\text{.}...\text{N}\text{.}\end{array}$$

in particular a condition: $${\text{x}}_{\text{m}\text{, ref}}={\text{C}}_0\cdot \mathrm{\Delta }\phi +{\displaystyle \underset{\text{j}=0}{\overset{\text{N}}{\Sigma }}{\text{K}}_{\text{j}}\cdot {\left(\mathrm{\Delta }\theta \right)}^{\text{j}}}$$

satisfied with N ≤ 3; and / or - wherein the measuring and operating electronics (ME) is adapted to determine the mass flow measurement values ( _{Xm, i} ) so that in the case of a non-fluid flowed by a converter device or a first tube not flowed through by fluid time-sequentially determined, especially in each case a mass flow rate (x _{m, i} → x _{m, ZERO} ) corresponding to a mass flow rate (m) of zero corresponding scale zero point ( _{Xm, ZERO} ) of the measuring and operating electronics (ME) One condition: $${\text{C}}_0\cdot \mathrm{\Delta }\phi +{\displaystyle \underset{\text{j}=0}{\overset{\text{N}}{\Sigma }}{\text{K}}_{\text{j}}\cdot {\left(\mathrm{\Delta }\theta \right)}^{\text{j}}={\text{C}}_0\cdot \mathrm{\Delta }\phi +{\displaystyle \underset{\text{j}=0}{\overset{\text{N}}{\Sigma }}{\text{K}}_{\text{j}}\cdot {\left(\theta 1-\theta 2\right)}^{\text{j}}}}\le \text{0}\text{, 01kg / h}$$

satisfy with j = 0,1,2, ... N; and or. - wherein the measuring and operating electronics (ME) is arranged to generate at least one of the vibration signals (s1, s2) and at least one of the Temperaturmeßsignale (θ1, θ2) a density measurement (X _ρ ), the one Density of the fluid (FL1) represents; and / or - wherein the measuring and operating electronics (ME) is arranged to generate a viscosity measured value (X _η ) using at least one of the vibration signals (s1, s2) and at least one of the temperature measuring signals (θ1, θ2) representing a viscosity of the fluid (FL1); and / or - wherein the measurement and operating electronics (ME) is adapted, using both the first temperature measurement signal (θ1) and the second temperature measurement signal (θ2), a measurement fluid temperature measurement, namely a temperature of one through the first tube to generate measured value representing flowing fluid. Measuring system according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the reference fluid is water, esp. With a fluid temperature of not less than 20 ° C, is. Measuring system according to one of Claims 1 to 2 wherein the reference fluid is an oil, especially having a fluid temperature of not less than 20 ° C and / or having a viscosity greater than 10 ^-2 Pa · s (pascal second). Measuring system after Claim 3 or 4 wherein the reference mass flow rate (m _ref ) _depends on an amount | D | a caliber (D) of the first pipe given in SI basis unit for length (m = meter) is less than | D | · 10000 kg / h. Measuring system according to one of Claims 1 to 2 wherein the reference fluid is a gas, esp. With a fluid temperature of not less than 20 ° C and / or air. A measuring system according to the preceding claim, wherein the reference mass flow rate (m _ref ) _depends on an amount | D | a caliber (D) of the first pipe given in SI basis unit for length (m = meter) is less than | D | · 1000 kg / h. Measuring system according to one of the preceding claims, - Wherein the temperature difference (Δ9) established even with intact transducer device or intact first tube; and or - Wherein the temperature difference (.DELTA.9) is designed to be larger in an on an inner side facing the lumen of an undesired lining infected wall than intact first tube, esp. With not besiegeer wall of a covering. A measuring system according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the measuring and operating electronics (ME) are adapted to use a temperature difference sequence (X _{Δθ, i} ) using both the first temperature measuring signal (θ1) and the second temperature measuring signal (θ2). namely _, to generate a sequence of temperature-difference measured values (x _{Δθ, i} ) representing one another in time, each time representing the temperature difference (Δ9). Measuring system according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the measuring and operating electronics (ME) are set up using a phase difference sequence (x _{Δφ, i} ), using both the first oscillation signal (s1) and the second oscillation signal (s2), namely to generate a sequence of time-sequential, each phase difference (Δφ) representing phase difference measured values (x _{Δφ, i} ). Measuring system according to claims 9 and 10, wherein the measurement and operating electronics (ME) are adapted to generate the mass flow sequence (X _m ) using both the phase difference sequence (X _{Δφ, i} ) and the temperature difference sequence (X _{Δθ, i} ) , in particular based on a calculation rule: $${\text{x}}_{\text{m}\text{i}}={\text{C}}_0\cdot {\text{x}}_{\mathrm{\Delta }\phi \text{i}}+{\displaystyle \underset{\text{j}=0}{\overset{\text{N}}{\Sigma }}{\text{K}}_{\text{j}}\cdot {\left({\text{x}}_{\mathrm{\Delta }\theta \text{i}}\right)}^{\text{j}}}$$

with j = 0, 1, 2, .... Measuring system according to Claim 9 or 11 - wherein the measuring and operating electronics (ME) is adapted to monitor, using the temperature difference sequence (X _{Δθ, i} ), a functionality of the converter device, in particular a functionality of the first tube; and / or - wherein the measuring and operating electronics (ME) is arranged to diagnose, using the temperature difference sequence (X _{Δθ, i} ), that the converter device has a flow resistance which is changed with respect to an original flow resistance, in particular in that the first tube has a flow resistance which is changed with respect to an original flow resistance; and / or - wherein the measuring and operating electronics (ME) is adapted to generate using the temperature difference sequence (X _{Δθ, i} ) an alarm that signals a limited functionality of the converter device, esp. Due to a compared to an original flow resistance changed flow resistance of the first tube. Measuring system according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the first temperature sensor (71) is located less far from the first end (11a) of the first tube (11) than the second temperature sensor (72) from the first end (12a) of the first tube (12); and or wherein the second temperature sensor (72) is located less far from the second end (12b) of the second tube (12) than the first temperature sensor (71) from the second end (11b) of the first tube (11); and or - wherein the first temperature sensor (71) is positioned equidistant from the first end (11a) of the first tube (11) as the second temperature sensor (72) from the second end (12b) of the first tube (12); and or - wherein the first temperature sensor (71) equidistant from the second end (11b) of the first tube (11) is positioned as the second temperature sensor (72) from the first end (12a) of the first tube (12); and or - wherein the first temperature sensor (71) is positioned equidistant from a center of the first tube as the second temperature sensor (72); and or - Wherein the first temperature sensor and the second temperature sensor are identical in construction; and or - Wherein the first temperature sensor is mechanically coupled in the same way with the wall of the first tube as the second temperature sensor; and or - wherein the first temperature sensor (71) is positioned equidistant from the first vibration sensor (51) as the second temperature sensor (72) from the second vibration sensor (52); and or - Wherein the transducer device except the first temperature sensor and the second temperature sensor has no further contacting the wall of the first tube temperature sensor; and or - Wherein the first temperature sensor is coupled in the same way thermally conductive with the wall of the first tube as the second temperature sensor, esp. Such that a one of the wall of the first tube to the first temperature sensor and further to a surrounding the first temperature sensor atmosphere flowing heat flow counteracting thermal resistance is the same as a thermal resistance flowing from the wall of the first tube to the second temperature sensor and further to an atmosphere surrounding the second temperature sensor; and or in which the first temperature sensor, in particular by means of a heat-conducting adhesive, is connected to the outer surface of the wall of the first tube in a material-locking, in particular adhesive manner, to form the first coupling body, - And wherein the second temperature sensor, esp., By means of a Wärmeleitklebers, to form the second coupling body cohesively, esp. Adhäsiv, with the lateral surface (11 #) of the wall of the first tube is connected. Measuring system according to one of the preceding claims, - wherein the first vibration sensor is thermally conductively coupled in the same way with the wall of the first tube as the second vibration sensor, in particular such that one of the wall of the first tube to the first vibration sensor and on to a the first vibration sensor surrounding atmosphere flowing heat flow counteracting heat resistance is equal to a heat flowing from one of the wall of the first tube to the second vibration sensor and further to an atmosphere surrounding the second vibration sensor heat flow; and or - wherein an oscillation sensor arrangement formed by means of the first oscillation sensor (51) and by means of the second oscillation sensor (52) is mirror-symmetrical with respect to at least one imaginary intersecting axis, in particular parallel to a main axis of inertia of the first tube; and / or - wherein the vibration exciter (41) is set up, driven by the exciter signal (e1), to stimulate or maintain mechanical vibrations of the first tube. Measuring system according to one of the preceding claims, - wherein the first tube is mirror-symmetrical with respect to at least one of the tube imaginary intersecting, esp. Namely coincident with a main axis of inertia tube coincident, imaginary axis of symmetry; and / or - wherein a temperature sensor arrangement of the converter device formed by means of the first temperature sensor (71) and the second temperature sensor (72) is axisymmetric with respect to at least one imaginary axis intersecting the converter device, namely an axis of inertia of the first tube; and / or - wherein the first tube (11), in particular V-shaped or U-shaped, is curved; and / or - wherein the first tube (11) is at least partially, in particular predominantly, straight, especially circular cylindrical; and / or - wherein the first tube (11) is curved at least in sections, in particular circular arc-shaped; and / or - wherein the wall of the first tube consists at least partially, in particular predominantly or wholly, of a material, in particular a metal or an alloy, of which a specific thermal conductivity, λ10, is greater than 10 W / (m · K ), and of which a specific heat capacity, cp1, is less than 1000 J / (kg · K); and / or - wherein the wall of the first tube (11) consists of metal, in particular an alloy containing iron, aluminum, chromium, titanium, zirconium, tantalum and / or nickel; and / or - wherein the wall of the first tube (11) is made of stainless steel; and / or - wherein the, in particular liquid or gaseous, reference fluid has a specific heat capacity (c _{p, ref} ) of more than 1 kJ · kg ^-1 · K and / or less than 4.2 kJ · kg ^-1 · K ^-1 has; and / or - wherein the first tube (11) has a caliber (D11) which is more than 0.1 mm (millimeters), in particular more than 1 mm; and / or - wherein a developed tube length, L ₁₁ , of the first tube (11) is more than 300 mm. A metering system according to any one of the preceding claims, further comprising: an esb. Having a lumen (12 ') surrounded by a metallic wall, extending from an inlet-side first end (12a) to an outlet-side second end (12b). at least partially curved second and / or at least partially straight and / or the first tube (11) and / or the first tube (11) arranged parallel, second tube (12), which is set up, esp. Simultaneously to the first tube of a fluid, starting from the inlet-side first end in the direction of the outlet-side second end, flows through and during which, in particular simultaneously and / or opposite to the first tube, to be vibrated. Measuring system according to the preceding claim, further comprising: an inlet side first flow divider (20 ₁ ) and an outlet side second flow divider (20 ₂ ), wherein the first and the second tube (11, 12) to form fluidically parallel flow paths to the, esp. identical, flow divider (20 ₁ , 20 ₂ ) are connected, such that the first tube (11) with its first end (11 a) in a first flow opening (20 _1A ) of the first flow divider (20 ₁ ) and with its second end ( 11 b) in a first flow opening (20 _2A ) of the second flow divider (20 ₂ ) opens, and that the second tube (12) with its first end (12 a) in a second flow opening (20 _1B ) of the first flow divider (20 ₁ ) and with its second end (12b) opens into a second flow opening (20 _2B ) of the second flow divider (20 ₂ ). Measuring system according to one of the preceding claims, further comprising: a converter housing (100) having a cavity, in particular a metallic, wall, - Wherein at least the first tube is disposed within the cavity of the converter housing, such that between one of the cavity facing inner surface (100+) of the wall of the converter housing and a cavity facing jacket surface (11 #) of the wall of the first tube a gap (100 ') is formed, - And wherein the converter housing and the first tube are adapted for, in the space (100 ') a, esp. A specific thermal conductivity of less than 1 W / (m (K) exhibiting, fluid (FL2), especially air or an inert gas to hold a fluid volume enveloping the first tube, such that the clearance facing surface (11 #) of the wall of the first tube (11) forms a first interface (1111) of a first kind, an interface between a fluid and a solid phase, is contacted. Measuring system according to claims 17 and 18, wherein both the first flow divider (20 ₁ ) and the second flow divider (20 ₂ ) are each an integral part of the converter housing, in particular such that by means of the first flow divider (20 ₁ ) a first End of the converter housing and by means of the second flow divider (20 ₂ ) a remote from the first end of the converter housing second end of the converter housing are formed. Measuring system according to one of the preceding claims, further comprising: - a, esp. The connection of the converter device to a the fluid (FL1) supplying line segment of a process line serving, inlet side first connecting flange (13) - and one, esp. The connection of the converter device to a fluid (FL1) again discharging line segment of a process line , outlet-side second connecting flange (14). Measuring system according to the preceding claim, - wherein each of the connecting flanges (13, 14) each have a sealing surface for fluid-tight or leak-free connection of the converter device with a respective corresponding line segment of a process line, and wherein a smallest distance between the same sealing surfaces one, esp. More as a 250 mm amount and / or less than 3000 mm amounts, installation length, L _MW , the converter device defined. A measuring system according to the preceding claim, wherein a pipe length to fitting length ratio, L ₁₁ / L _MW , of the transducer device defined by a ratio of a length of unwound pipe, L ₁₁ , of the first pipe (11) to fitting length, L ₁₁ , of the transducer device , more than 1.2 - in particular more than 1.4 - amounts to. Measuring system according to one of the preceding claims, - wherein the first temperature sensor (71) by means of a, in particular a platinum measuring resistor, a thermistor or a thermocouple having, first temperature sensor (711) and by means of a nämlichen first temperature sensor (711) thermally conductively coupling to the wall of the first tube first coupling body (712) is formed, - And wherein the second temperature sensor (72) by means of a, esp. A platinum measuring resistor, a thermistor or a thermocouple having, second temperature sensor (721) and by means of a same second temperature sensor (721) thermally conductively coupled to the wall of the second tube second Coupling body (722) is formed. Measuring system according to the previous claim, - Wherein the first temperature sensor (711) and the second temperature sensor (712) are identical in construction; and or - Wherein the first coupling body (712) and the second coupling body (722) are identical in construction; and or - Wherein the first coupling body, esp. Wholly, by means of a placed between the wall of the first tube and the first temperature sensor, esp. Both the lateral surface (11 #) of the wall and the first temperature sensor contacting and / or metal oxide particles, Plastic, in particular an epoxy resin or a silicone, is formed, - And wherein the second coupling body, esp. Wholly, by means of a placed between the wall of the second tube and the second temperature sensor, esp. Both the lateral surface (12 #) of the wall and the second temperature sensor contacting and / or offset with metal oxide particles , Plastic, esp. An epoxy resin or a silicone is formed. Measuring system according to one of the preceding claims, - wherein the measuring and operating electronics (ME) comprises a multiplexer having at least two signal inputs and at least one signal output, which multiplexer (MUX) is arranged for selectively, esp. Cyclically, one of its signal inputs to turn on the signal output, such that a signal applied to each through-connected signal input is continued to the signal output; - and wherein the measuring and operating electronics (ME), in particular a nominal resolution of more than 16 bits having and / or with more than 1000 s ^-. Clocked amount ends sampling, analog-to-digital converter (ADC) having at least one signal input and at least one signal output, which analog-to-digital converter is adapted to a signal applied to nämlichem signal input analog input signal with a, in particular more than 1000 s ^-. amount ends, sampling rate, f _a, and a, More than 16 bits totaling, digital resolution, N, to represent in a same input signal representing digital output signal and provide the signal output. Measuring system according to the preceding claim, - wherein the at least one signal output of the multiplexer and the at least one signal input of the analog-to-digital converter are electrically coupled to each other; - And wherein the first temperature sensor (71) and the second temperature sensor (72) are each electrically connected to the multiplexer (MUX), such that the first Temperaturmeßsignal (θ1) at a first signal input of the multiplexer (MUX) and that the second Temperaturmeßsignal (θ2) are applied to a second signal input of the multiplexer (MUX). Measuring system according to the preceding claim, wherein the output signal of the analog-to-digital converter (ADC) temporarily represents exactly one of the two temperature measuring signals (θ1, θ2). Measuring system according to the preceding claim, wherein the measuring and operating electronics (ME) are adapted to measure the mass flow rate using the output signal of the analog-to-digital converter (ADC) representing one of the two temperature measuring signals (θ1, θ2). to generate. A metering system according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the metering and operating electronics (ME) are adapted to generate a transducer temperature reading representative of a transducer temperature using both the first temperature measurement signal (θ1) and the second temperature measurement signal (θ2) which deviates from both the first measuring point temperature (θ1) and the second measuring point temperature (θ2) such that an amount of the same transducer temperature measured value is an arithmetic mean of the first and second measuring point temperatures (θ1, θ2) and / or weighted average corresponds to first and second measuring point temperatures (θ1, θ2) and / or a mean pipe wall temperature ( θ ₁₁ ) of the first tube (11). Measuring system according to one of the preceding claims, - wherein the measuring and operating electronics (ME) is adapted to generate an auxiliary temperature measured value which at least approximately represents the converter temperature using the first temperature measuring signal (θ1), but not the second temperature measuring signal (θ2); and or - wherein the measuring and operating electronics (ME) is adapted to generate using the second temperature measuring signal (θ2), but not the first temperature measuring signal (θ1) an auxiliary temperature, which at least approximately represents the converter temperature. Use of a measuring system according to one of the preceding claims for measuring an at least one physical measured variable, in particular a density and / or a viscosity and / or a mass flow rate and / or a volumetric flow rate, of a fluid, especially in a pipeline, in particular a fluid Gas, a liquid or a flowable dispersion.

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