DE102017000436A1 - Device and method for measuring movements - Google Patents

Abstract

Mobile measurement of the momentum transfer, measurement of the length of a movement of an object without reference surface, the movement may be human, animal or machine origin using at least one acceleration sensor. The measured movement is a temporal list of the positions, speeds and accelerations of the object in the location system in which the object is located.

Description

The invention relates to the time-resolved measurement of heights and lengths of motions from moving objects using an acceleration sensor. The movement is triggered by a human, for example, in martial arts in the sport of boxing. The aim is to detect locations of moving parts / objects, such as the location of the arm of a boxer in the case of human movements, for example, at any point in time as a distance to the starting point in a distance unit (e.g., meters).

A Martial Arts Fighter responds to external factors such as time, temperature or humidity.

By heat from the outside fatigued, for example, the fighter faster, clothing hinders the mobility and warms the fighter in addition.

The effect of temperature or humidity on the fighter causes changes in performance that would have had less or no effect on the fighter if external influences remained the same.

External impacts on the fighter by an opponent, however, are much more involved in the outcome of a competition.

Fighters learn to pay attention to movements of the opponent during the training and to react accordingly.

Through combat experience, a fighter develops and sharpens his sense of upcoming actions and reactions of his opponent, for example, by repetitive movements. Generally, this ability is called "instinct," "smelling," "flair," "feeling." All of these terms are subjective and yet everyone talks about it when one has one and the other does not. This refers to the hard hits that usually lead to "KO" - "knock out". The novelty / invention uses a logic based on physical performances "instinct", "smelling", "flair", "feeling". measures.

With combat experience and "instinct", the fighter is able to adapt to situations in good time.

The sum of the overall performance of a fighter is thus limited not only to, for example, reaction speed, impact speed, stroke hardness, coordination or endurance, but also to the recognition of the opposing movements and the optimal response to it.

It is therefore also of critical importance to change and adapt a fight course by understanding the opponent in relation to the first minutes of the fight.

To better understand the interaction of the opponents and the impact on the course of the fight three scenarios. It reacts fighter 1 on fighter 2. See picture 1

Scenario 1: Fighter 2 stands still.

Fighter 1 can therefore set a blow with his maximum strength. This scenario is similar to a car driving at 60km / h against a solid wall, destroying the car, but usually survives the driver. See picture 1 a)

Scenario 2: Fighter 2 moves away from Fighter 1.

Fighter 1 can set a blow, but this is not so intense and for a Ko. a punch at this speed would not be enough. Compared to road traffic, this would mean that a car with 60 km / h on an anticipatory driving car at 30 km / h. The destruction of the car fall in this case much smaller (if the accident is limited only to the start). See picture 1 b)

Scenario 3: Fighter 2 moves to Fighter 1.

Fighter 1 can now set a maximum intense blow. The impact intensity is composed of the maximum force of Fighter 1's strike and Fighter's movement 2.

See picture 1 c)

In boxing it often happens in this situation that the opponent Ko. goes. In the event of a car accident, this means transferring two cars, each with 60 km / h, to each other.

The destruction of the accident is immense and the chances of survival of the drivers low.

The hits from the fists of examples 1-3 of Fighter 1 were successful in all 3 cases.

Only the constant stroke hardness of Fighter 1 had a different effect on the Fighter 2 by the own movement speed of Fighter 2.

Physically, the impact intensity can be described with the impulse transmission. If the strike of Fighter 1 is against the Head of Fighter 2, then it is for the Ko. Fighter 2 decides how the momentum of the head changes. A good fighter transfers the entire impulse to the opponent when setting a blow. This means that he does not push on one hand and on the other hand, that the fist movement is immediately withdrawn at the same speed. Physically, the situation of the elastic shock results.

The change of the transmitting impulse on the head of fighter 2 results under momentum and energy conservation thus as follows:

Before the beat: $$\text{I\_1\_vor}\mathrm{=}\text{m\_1 * v\_1\_vor}\text{, I\_2\_vor}\mathrm{=}\text{* m\_2 v\_2\_vor}$$

Solution of elastic shock after blow for the head: $$\text{v\_2\_nach}\mathrm{=}\left(\text{m\_2 * v\_2\_vor}\mathrm{+}\text{m\_1 *}\left(\text{2 * v\_1\_vor}\mathrm{-}\text{v\_2\_vor}\right)\right)/\left(\text{m\_1}\mathrm{+}\text{m\_2}\right)$$

Here, m_1 is the moving mass of the fighter of fighter 1 and m_2 is the moving mass of the fighter's head 2. v_1_vor and v_2_vor are the speeds of fist and head, respectively.

Shortly after the strike, the fist has the same impulse back (v_1_nach = -v_1_vor) and the head has the velocity v_2_nach. l_ * are the corresponding impulses.

The change of the speed dV_2 and thus the criterion, whether it is the Ko. comes is thus: $$\text{dV\_2}=\text{v\_2\_nach}-\text{v\_2\_vor}=2\text{* * M\_1}\left(\text{v\_1\_vor}\mathrm{-}\text{v\_2\_vor}\right)/\left(\text{m\_1}\mathrm{+}\text{m\_2}\right)$$

So the relative speed (v_1_vor-v_2_vor) before the shot is decisive.

The greater the relative velocity, the harder the beat, especially in the case when the head is added to the fist, so v_1_vor * v_2_vor <0.

However, martial arts / bspw. Boxing is not as static as shown in the crash test.

The hits are usually reduced or intensified by complex movement sequences.

For example. Rotations cause the upper body, Meidbewegungen, steps backwards or to the side to the successful weakening of the acceleration energy of the opponent.

These movements can also be a starting movement for an action at the same time.

Thus, a Meidbewegung / evasive movement often represent a sign of the coming attack. This approach of the opponent is constantly trained by combat experience.

Experiencing fighters have such a big advantage over beginners, as it becomes very clear what the opponent will do.

If the fighter is thus bad and can not reduce impact energy, or even worse, he moves in the blow to the opponent, which usually leads to heavy or hard hits.

Although the beating fighter can not increase his maximum power, he is able to reinforce the impact of his fist as described by good technical tactical experience.

Also a bad co-ordinate mobility of the opponent, can serve to strengthen the impact of one's own blows.

For an objective view of martial arts, such as boxing, the measurement of the static physical performance of fighters and thus not sufficient for the assessment.

The human being has a physical capacity which can be seen, for example, with published systems such as on the video platform "YouTube" of the companies "hykso" (Canada), "strike tec" (USA). Publications from the "Fraunhofer Institute (IIS)" and the "Institute for Applied Exercise Science (IAT)" (D) are also available on the Internet and can measure in part physical performance.

HBO (2012) publishes a patent, "PunchForce". United States Patent, 9,120,014 , Poppy seeds, September 1, 2015

However, these systems do not disclose the device and method of measuring "instinct" or impulse transmission as described herein without using a reference surface.

Through combat experience and an existing temporal and physical coordination, adjusted to the future movement of the opponent, the own energy plus the kinetic energy of the opponent can be transferred to the opponent himself. Thus, fist strikes or kicks are amplified and the impact on the opponent increased.

The novelty combines the fighting movements of both fighters for a review.

The novelty measures the individual and average achievements of the fighters like 1 and in 2 and prepares the data for third parties.

The novelty continues to measure and, for example, the energy supplied to the fighter 1 and thus directs its own energy against itself, see Figure 1 Fig. C.

The novelty makes this x value separated and, for example, visually for third.

The novelty can thus make available to the user and viewer another offer / service of the fighters for an evaluation.

In the past, this x value was called instinct and instinct.

In fact, this subjective x designation is a measured value that can be described as an impulse transmission and measures the novelty.

As far back as 3000 years ago, sports boxing was practiced by people in Egypt in order to determine the best in regulated competition. At that time was fought with only one blow hand and the other used for swearing.

1000 years later you will find illustrations of fighters and fighting gloves and a metal helmet.

The illustrations found in different epochs show the many different ways to fight. So there were fights where only blows to the opponent's head were allowed and fights were fought to the point of defenselessness or even to the death of the opponent.

At times, fights were fought in mixed forms of wrestling and fistfighting. In the games of the 23rd Olympiad of the early years in 688 v. Chr. Boxing was for the first time Olympic discipline. Around 400 BC In ancient Rome, the first battles took place in an area delimited by sticks, which could not be left. In the "centuries after the beginning of our era, it was quiet fistfighting, which was not least because in the year 393 AD, the event of the Olympic Games was suspended. Only in the 16th century illustrations of fist fights can be found again and in 1719 there was the first unofficial boxing world champion, the Londoner James Figg, who was originally a fencing instructor. He fought the title "Master of England" in a fistfight with his bare hands. Just one year after winning the title, he opened the first boxing school in London. Here mainly officers, students and gentlemen mastered the so-called "fencing with the natural poor" so still with their bare fists. James Figg was also the first boxing promoter, the first organizer to organize boxing matches for a fee. As boxing regained popularity, the first-spectacular death was not far away and on May 30, 1833, the first spectacular death occurred in a boxing match. The Irishman Simon Byrne and the Englishman James Burkle fought each other for three hours and fifteen minutes (at that time there was no limited number of laps) when the Irishman Byrne, hit by a heavy blow on the temple, collapsed and a few days later waking death from the coma no longer wakes up. After this tragic end, an unbelievable boxing match takes place in England, which was already announced as the "Battle of the Century" and kept the promise. The fight between a US-American and a Brit became completely out of control when the English champions threatened to lose the fight in the 37th round. The completely fanatical crowd stormed the ring and drove the American out of the ring and this had to run for his life. To curb the arbitrariness in the boxing ring at the time, two men named John Graham Chambers and John Sholto Douglas published the "Oueensbury Rules" in 1867 - a new kind of boxing rule. These included for the first time a round duration of 3 minutes and a pause time of 1 minute between the rounds and counting up to 10. Rules that are still valid in professional boxing today. The Queensbury Rules also prescribed the wearing of boxing gloves, but there was no limit on the number of laps. However, these rules became official in the US only in 1889 and so they continued to punch with their bare fists. In the USA, the first star was born in boxing heaven on October 15, 1858, in Roxbury, Massachusetts. John L. Sullivan, also called the "Strong Boy" from Boston. John Sullivan was the last great fighter of boxing with his bare fist. The previously considered unbeatable John Sullivan was counted on October 7, 1892 in New Orleans in the first half of the 21st round. With him, the boxing fight ended as a bar and saloon fight and the new era of boxing began, in which boxing became the high art of self-defense. The greatest fighter of the time was James Corbett, born on September 1, 1866 in San Francisco, also known as the "Gentleman Jim". He was a bank employee and made boxing acceptable as a sport. Even among the ancient peoples of ancient Russia, pugilism was one of the most widely used physical exercises and formed a traditional folk competition. Even then, a subdivision of fighters was made in ages. The fistfights were used in preparation for defending enemy enemies and increased steadfastness, valor, dexterity, and physical strength in general. Especially the development of the fist fight in Russia can be easily understood on the basis of historical documents, folk epics, legends and fairy tales. Thus, in history, the Church took a negative attitude towards the fist fights, seeing in them, as in all other popular amusements, the remnants of pagan customs. The church fought with all means against the fist fights, which even went so far in the Middle Ages that according to the church code people who participated in such amusements were excommunicated. However, since the church did not have the power to stop the fistfight, this kind of physical education developed further and was even led by Ivan IV as a duel of state jurisdiction. But the church did not refrain from its refusal of the fist fight and banned in 1551 in addition to the "Hellenic devilish games" and the fist fight. This prohibition continued in regulations of the secular authorities in the 17th century, which also tried by means of prohibition under the pretext of a violation of peace and order to restrict fistfights and their event. However, the fist fights continued despite the inhibition by the church and authorities, and so on 4 January 1914, the first public boxing competition was held in Moscow. From then on it went uphill with the cheers of the people for the sport of boxing and so already in 1915 the first competition conditions were issued. Here 8 weight classes were specified, the wearing of boxing gloves was prescribed and lap times and break times were determined. The development of boxing in Russia was now no longer shackled and so Soviet boxers could already participate in the end of 1925 for the first time in an international struggle, which ran in the following decades, more and less successful. In the former GDR there were no professional athletes and so boxing was limited to the amateur field. But even in the former Federal Republic of the professional field of boxing was until a few years ago not as pronounced as it is the case today. A young Brandenburg boxer became the man out of boxing as a sport made a cult. In just six years, as a boxing pro, Henry Maske managed to give boxing a different status in Germany, to make him a medium for a wide range of spectator clientele and to achieve the highest ratings in his last fight in a sold-out hall. Born in 1964, he began boxing at the age of six and in 1983 became the first GDR champion. Only two years later, he won the European Championships in Budapest and made the World Cup victory internationally known. In the years that followed he became Vice World Champion, European Champion and World Champion, but even more important was the victory at the 1988 Seoul Olympic Games. After opening the German borders in all directions, the boxer mask is now another challenge open and so Henry Maske has its first fight on May 9, 1990 as a professional boxer in London, which he still wins in the first round by a knockout victory. In the next few years, Henry Maske contests 31 professional fights, of which he wears 30 victories home. Only one defeat in over 6 years of professional boxing and yet everyone can still remember it today. On November 23, 1996, Henry Maske lost his alleged last fight against Virgil Hill in the Munich Olympiahalle. On March 31, 2007, 10 years after his lost fight against Virgil Hill, Maske punched against all predictions and good clues from friends and boxing experts again against Virgil Hill and won this clearly on points. Even today, Henry Maske is honored and celebrated by his many fans. Boxing is until today a sport which, like many other sports, is dependent on subjective human decisions. In martial arts and especially in boxing, referees and judges guide the competition and evaluate the competition according to rules and judgment. Subsequently, the ratings of individual judges are brought together and a verdict is pronounced. For several years, spot machines in boxing were used to support the judges until 2013. However, the point machines did not solve the subjective feeling of a judge to judge a fight.

In fencing it has been customary for many years to use an electric point machine. The electrical scoring was introduced in 1936 in competition with sword, with foil in 1957 and saber in 1988. The point machines in fencing are used objectively with pressure measurements and the opening and closing of electrical circuits.

Currently, Hykso of Canada and Strike Tec of America is developing a punch tracker to measure punches.

The technical description of the Fraunhofer Institute "IIS" is limited to a miniaturized, wireless and inductively chargeable sensor module, which is integrated in the boxing glove. The measurement of the acceleration and velocity of the impact in real time is described.

The stroke length is crucial for the evaluation of punches and kicks in martial arts. The measurement and determination of the movement length without reference surface is not only needed for the calculation of distances in martial arts. The respective length of the movement is in principle a measured value which is required for the speed measurement.

description

The novelty described in the patent allows in martial arts, for example, in boxing a similar objective solution of the point award as that in fencing.

The novelty helps in training and competition to measure skills such as stroke length, the coordination of movements, impact speed, reaction speed, impact hardness. In particular, the novelty measures the "instinct" of a fighter as the momentum transfer value.

The novelty continues to measure the number of hits and their quality individually or in total electronically.

Today's advertisements in the round breaks in television broadcasts must be content with the number of strokes and a percentage of hits, which were determined manually, per competition round. However, these objectively sounding data are subjective in the evaluation of quality of the blow, as well as the impact on the opponent.

Systems currently developed by companies such as "hykso" and "strike tec" provide information on the velocity of impact, the number of strokes and a measured value that represents the sum and power of the stroke as a single and summed value.

The quality of a punch in the box results, for example, from the reaction time to detect a chance to hit, the acceleration of the fist, which in turn depends on coordinative skills of the boxer, the required stroke length to reach the target, the stabilization during the hit and thus deriving the Energy into the ground or into the rotation.

The novelty measures the acceleration and determines the lay length without a reference surface. This also includes the use of a gyroscope that replaces the reference surface when used in hardware construction. The novelty gets by without this help and saves energy. See under drawings Fig. 2 Fig. C.

The possibilities of measuring the distance from image 2 are described below.

Figure 2. Figure a) The distance of an object to a reference surface can be determined by an external observer applying a comparison measure. In the simplest case, this can be a meter measure.

Figure 2. Figure b) An object can determine its distance to a reference surface by actively sending a signal that is reflected from the reference surface. The object can also detect the reflected signal. The distance is determined from the transit time of the signal between object and reference surface. Technical implementations of this method are in the form of ultrasonic sensors or laser sensors that emit ultrasonic pulses or light pulses. Further technical implementations of this method are in the case of sonar at e.g. Ubooten, here is a sound pulse sent out.

Figure 2. Figure c) An object can determine a distance traveled by using sensors to determine its acceleration. Prerequisite for this is the knowledge of the orientation of the object to the outside world. This information can be determined via additional sensors. These may be gyroscopes that detect the change in rotation to a home position. Other sensors are e.g. Magnetic field sensors, which determines the local magnetic field in the three spatial directions. If the local magnetic field does not change, the orientation can also be determined with such sensors.

Figure 2. Figure d) An object can also detect a traveled distance if only one accelerometer is used. This is achieved according to this patent by setting the measured acceleration data in relation to the expected movement. If the movement data is divided into individual sections, depending on conspicuous data patterns, the movement can be determined section by section. All sections together make up the entire movement.

The novelty measures with at least one sensor, but advantageously in each case at least two attached sensors synchronously to a fighter in order to measure the actual performance of the fighter and thus separated without the pulse transmission value of an opponent.

The novelty can be combined with other sensors movements on the legs or trunk or measured separately to contribute to more complex evaluations of combat and thus the measurement of momentum transfer or the "instinct".

The novelty measures at least two attached sensors synchronously on the body of each fighter to measure the momentum transfer value of an object such as punching bag or an opponent separated over a defined time.

The novelty measures images or image series as well as camera images for the evaluation of motion sequences, which are to be inserted into the movement data for general data acquisition.

The novelty thus describes a system that sends the data visually in real time to users and third parties on mobile and stationary image systems such as smartphones or TV.

The sensors measure the positive and negative accelerations in the field.

At the end of the reaction time, the blow starts from the fist to the target. Touching the opponent's body slows down the blow.

Depending on the movement of the opponent, either way or away, the impact of the fist hits the target stronger or weaker.

In order to break down the energy or the impulse, deformations occur at the hit area as well as movements at the struck object or humans.

If the batting boxer is stable, the energy applied by him is already discharged downwards over the ground during the impact and thus in the favorable case. Thus, the stroke hardness of the boxer is increased.

If the hit opponent, for example, stable and eventually comes by a simultaneously desired action even against the beating boxer, summed up the impact hardness / impact and thus the momentum transfer value.

The point and referees take the subjectively understood negative accelerations as hits visually, but can only determine by reaction of the fighter hit conclusions on the hardness of the blow.

Reactions that trigger the movements of the hit fighter can also lead to misinterpretations and thus to wrong decisions due to wrong points awarded by the judges.

An assessment of how much the victim actually "plugged in" has been subjective since the introduction of the evaluation component human.

Signs of boxing or martial artist hits are individually different. Each boxer or fighter feels a pain, for example, in body parts differently. The reaction threshold is not decisive solely by the impact hardness. Precision of the hit on a certain point, expression of the existing physical Absorbtionsmasse or even the attitude to the fight decides on visible reactions of the fighter for the judges.

A single hard hit usually determines the entire competition in boxing. A variety of hard blows leads to injury and consequential damage.

Still, there is no general formula for "taking" strokes and what number seems harmful.

The novelty can provide important information for the protection of the fighter and not only from competitions.

It seems important to recognize the sum of the "taken" hits, including the training, to adapt to better conditions for the protection of the fighter and their conclusions in the rules of boxing.

The novelty of the impact length measurement without reference surface, as well as the very particularly advantageous momentum transfer value, not only provides new insights for martial arts.

All previous methods for length determination or distance measurement are based on objects that are outside the object to be measured. Here is a known example called the automobile. This determines its driven distance (odometer) about the movement of the tire on the road. Here an external object (road) is required to measure the distance of the object to be measured (car). Another possibility of distance measurement in the automobile is track recording by satellite-based position determination. Here, the outside necessary objects are the satellites.

In order to equip a moving object with a logic for measuring its movement, there are already known concepts of sensor technology.

Here is, for example, the distance measurement by means of ultrasound or laser called. This sensor sends out a signal (sound or laser pulse), which is reflected at a fixed reference surface. The length is determined from the transit time of the signal to the reference surface and back. This shows that these concepts also require an external object (reference surface) for the measurement.

These concepts also create two technical challenges. For one, the sensor must be directed to the reference surface. This is especially true for a non-uniform Movement (eg arm movement while running) is difficult to realize. On the other hand, a suitable reference surface must be present at a known position. In the case of human movement while walking this could be the ground, but this is not always such that the sound pulse (eg forest floor) or the laser pulse (wet ground, whereby the reflection is not directed back to the sensor) can be reflected. In addition, the soil allows only a measurement of the height, but not the measurement of the run track.

The use of an acceleration sensor for determining length-distance or position positions is therefore advantageous, since the measurement is based only on ubiquitous physical laws, the inertia.

The invention comprises on the one hand a mobile unit consisting of at least one acceleration sensor, a computing unit and an energy unit. The mobile unit may also be provided with further components, e.g. a radio unit for data transmission (eg Bluetooth), a radio unit for data acquisition (eg NFC) or other input and output devices are combined. Furthermore, a combination with other removal methods, such as e.g. satellite-based position determination (for example GPS) or distance sensors, for example based on the emission of sound or laser pulses.

On the other hand, the invention comprises methods or logics in order to generate three-dimensional distance data from the raw data of an acceleration sensor. These logics are explained below.

Data of the sensor:

genannt, vor. Diese Daten werden in einem Zeitintervallt_speriodisch generiert. Bei aktuellen Beschleunigungssensoren istt_sin der Größenordnung von 1ms.The data of an acceleration sensor lie as a three-dimensional vector, in the following $\overrightarrow{A_S}$

called before. This data is generated periodically in a time interval _s . For current acceleration sensors, _{s is} on the order of 1 ms.

im Ortssystem des Sensors vorliegen, die zu ermittelnden Größen jedoch im Ortssystem, in dem sich auch das Objekt befindet, zu ermitteln sind.It should be noted that the data $\overrightarrow{A_S}$

present in the local system of the sensor, the quantities to be determined, however, are to be determined in the location system in which the object is located.

auch in Ruhe gemessen wird. Der gemessene Wert des Beschleunigungssensors ergibt sich daher wie folgt: $$\overrightarrow{A_S}=M_{E\to S}\overrightarrow{A}{\text{'}}_G+\overrightarrow{A_B}$$

In addition, gravity has an effect on the sensor, allowing acceleration $\overrightarrow{A}{\text{'}}_G$

also measured at rest. The measured value of the acceleration sensor therefore results as follows: $$\overrightarrow{A_S}=M_{e\to S}\overrightarrow{A}{\text{'}}_G+\overrightarrow{A_B}$$

ist der Beschleunigung, welche aufgrund der Bewegung vorliegt.Here, M _{E → S is} the matrix describing the rotation of the sensor to the ground and $\overrightarrow{A_B}$

is the acceleration that is due to the motion.

unabhängig von $\overrightarrow{A}{\text{'}}_G$

zu ermitteln. Jedoch ist die MatrixM_E→Sim allgemeinen unbekannt.The goal is so $\overrightarrow{A_B}$

independent of $\overrightarrow{A}{\text{'}}_G$

to investigate. However, the matrix M _{E → S} is generally unknown.

Determination of M _{E → S} :

In principle, there are two methods to determine M _{E → S.} On the one hand, a gyroscope can be used. On the other hand, the measured acceleration data can be set in comparison to the expected acceleration data of the movement. For this purpose, known motion patterns are compared with the current acceleration data.

The use of a gyroscope allows easy calculation of M _{E → S.} today Integrated circuit gyroscopes reflect the rotation relative to the home position. It is known to the person skilled in the art how a rotation can be converted into the form of a rotation matrix. However, today's integrated circuit gyroscopes have the disadvantage of consuming a lot of power and failing to achieve the required accuracy.

The determination of M _{E → S} based on known motion patterns assumes that a movement repeats itself. The movement does not have to be exactly the same, but the basic sequence of movements must be known. An example of this is the movement of the foot while walking. The procedure is as follows, first the foot is on the ground, then it is lifted in a rolling motion from the ground, to be then moved in a forward movement one step length forward. At the same time, the foot rotates, so that it can be unrolled when Wiederabsetzten. The individual phases are always present when walking, however, the time lengths of the individual phases can vary and the length, height and rotation movements that occur can vary.

die aktuelle Bewegungsphase ermittelt werden. Für das Beispiel des Gehens bedeutet dies, dass wenn der Fuß am Boden ist, ist keine zusätzliche Beschleunigung neben der Erdbeschleunigung vorhanden und die Beschleunigungsdaten bleiben von Zeitschritt zu Zeitschritt gleich. Anhand von derlei gearteten logischen Zusammenhängen die bei der Bewegung auftreten kann die Bewegungsphase erkannt werden.If these individual phases of the movement are known, it can be determined by striking or typical changes in the time course of the acceleration data $\overrightarrow{A_S}$

the current movement phase can be determined. For the example of walking, this means that when the foot is on the ground, there is no additional acceleration in addition to the gravitational acceleration and the acceleration data remains the same from one step to the next. On the basis of such kind of logical connections which occur during the movement, the movement phase can be recognized.

Advantageously, the combination with other sensors can be used. Here is, for example, the sensors for measuring the force distribution at the sole of the company NWTN Berlin called. This detects the loads on the foot and the distribution of forces. This results in each movement phase typical distributions of forces. When the foot is at rest, the load is distributed on three points (front foot and heel) in the foot.

Since it is also known how gravitation is directed in each movement phase in the local system of the sensor, the knowledge of the movement phase M _{E → S} results.

Calculation of location and speed:

(im Ortssystem des Sensors) bzw.: $$\overrightarrow{A}{\text{'}}_B=M_{S\to E}\overrightarrow{A_B}=M_{S\to E}\overrightarrow{A_S}-\overrightarrow{A}{\text{'}}_G$$

(im Ortssystem der Erde)If the rotation of the sensor to ground is known by the rotation matrix M _{E → S} , the acceleration resulting from the motion is as follows: $$\overrightarrow{A_B}=\overrightarrow{A_S}-M_{e\to S}\overrightarrow{A}{\text{'}}_G$$

(in the location system of the sensor) or: $$\overrightarrow{A}{\text{'}}_B=M_{S\to e}\overrightarrow{A_B}=M_{S\to e}\overrightarrow{A_S}-\overrightarrow{A}{\text{'}}_G$$

(in the local system of the earth)

Here, M _{S → E is} the inverse rotation matrix for M _{E → S.}

mit dem Velocity Verlet Algorithmus. Vorteilhaft ist die Verwendung folgender Variante: $$\overrightarrow{P}{\text{'}}_B\left(t\right)=\overrightarrow{P}{\text{'}}_B\left(t-t_S\right)+\overrightarrow{V}{\text{'}}_B\left(t-t_S\right)\ast t_S+\frac{1}{2}\ast \overrightarrow{A}{\text{'}}_B\left(t\right)\ast t_S^2$$

$$\overrightarrow{V}{\text{'}}_B\left(t\right)=\overrightarrow{V}{\text{'}}_B\left(t-t_S\right)+\frac{1}{2}\left(\overrightarrow{A}{\text{'}}_B\left(t-t_S\right)+\overrightarrow{A}{\text{'}}_B\left(t\right)\right)\ast t_S$$

The speed and the location result from the temporal integration of the values $\overrightarrow{A}{\text{'}}_B$

with the Velocity Verlet algorithm. The use of the following variant is advantageous: $$\overrightarrow{P}{\text{'}}_B\left(t\right)=\overrightarrow{P}{\text{'}}_B\left(t-t_S\right)+\overrightarrow{V}{\text{'}}_B\left(t-t_S\right)*t_S+\frac{1}{2}*\overrightarrow{A}{\text{'}}_B\left(t\right)*{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="t\; S"\; filenames="DE102017000436A1\_0032.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">t\; </figure-callout>}}_S^{}$$

$$\overrightarrow{V}{\text{'}}_B\left(t\right)=\overrightarrow{V}{\text{'}}_B\left(t-t_S\right)+\frac{1}{2}\left(\overrightarrow{A}{\text{'}}_B\left(t-t_S\right)+\overrightarrow{A}{\text{'}}_B\left(t\right)\right)*t_S$$

ergibt sich aus den Ort $\overrightarrow{P}{\text{'}}_B\left(t-t_S\right)$

welcher im vorherigen Zeitschritt sich ergeben hat, der Geschwindigkeit $\overrightarrow{V}{\text{'}}_B\left(t-t_S\right)$

welche im vorherigen Zeitschritt sich ergeben hat und der aktuellen Beschleunigung $\overrightarrow{A}{\text{'}}_B\left(t\right)\text{.}$

Die aktuelle Geschwindigkeit $\overrightarrow{V}{\text{'}}_B\left(t\right)$

ergibt sich aus $\overrightarrow{V}{\text{'}}_B\left(t-t_S\right)\text{,}$

der Beschleunigung $\overrightarrow{A}{\text{'}}_B\left(t-t_S\right)\text{,}$

welche im vorherigen Zeitschritt sich ergeben hat und $\overrightarrow{A}{\text{'}}_B\left(t\right)\text{.}$

The current location $\overrightarrow{P}{\text{'}}_B\left(t\right)$

arises from the place $\overrightarrow{P}{\text{'}}_B\left(t-t_S\right)$

which resulted in the previous time step, the speed $\overrightarrow{V}{\text{'}}_B\left(t-t_S\right)$

which resulted in the previous time step and the current acceleration $\overrightarrow{A}{\text{'}}_B\left(t\right)\text{,}$

The current speed $\overrightarrow{V}{\text{'}}_B\left(t\right)$

turns out $\overrightarrow{V}{\text{'}}_B\left(t-t_S\right)\text{.}$

the acceleration $\overrightarrow{A}{\text{'}}_B\left(t-t_S\right)\text{.}$

which resulted in the previous time step and $\overrightarrow{A}{\text{'}}_B\left(t\right)\text{,}$

$\overrightarrow{V}{\text{'}}_B\left(0\right)\text{,}$

$\overrightarrow{P}{\text{'}}_B\left(0\right)\text{,}$

werden auf Null gesetzt.The initial values $\overrightarrow{A}{\text{'}}_B\left(0\right)\text{.}$

$\overrightarrow{V}{\text{'}}_B\left(0\right)\text{.}$

$\overrightarrow{P}{\text{'}}_B\left(0\right)\text{.}$

are set to zero.

Optimization of results:

$\overrightarrow{V}{\text{'}}_B\left(t\right)\text{,}$

$\overrightarrow{P}{\text{'}}_B\left(t\right)$

auf die zu erwartenden Werte gesetzt, sodass im nächsten Zeitschritt wieder genau Ausgangsbedingungen vorliegen. Für das Beispiel des Gehens bedeutet dies, dass wenn der Fuß am Boden ist, hat der Fuß eine Geschwindigkeit und eine Beschleunigung von Null, des weiteren bleibt der Ort erhalten.Due to inaccuracies of today's acceleration sensors, the calculated location data can deviate far from the actual movement. The deviation of the movement can be reduced if the principal movement is known. If a known movement is detected in the movement, the data becomes $\overrightarrow{A}{\text{'}}_B\left(t\right)\text{.}$

$\overrightarrow{V}{\text{'}}_B\left(t\right)\text{.}$

$\overrightarrow{P}{\text{'}}_B\left(t\right)$

set to the expected values, so that in the next time step exactly initial conditions exist again. For the example of walking, this means that when the foot is on the ground, the foot has zero speed and acceleration, and the location remains.

The novelty misses movements of lengths in everyday life, for example, when sleeping, at work, leisure or sports. Sleep has been tracked for a few years now with wearables such as bracelets, watches, etc. From this the makers claim to be able to determine the quality of sleep.

In working life, steps are counted by movement and by means of logic and algorithms.

In most cases, the wearable's / bracelets or smartphones only count similar repetitive movements. Thus, actually no steps are counted. Only in comparison with a GPS and gyroscope steps are logically confirmed or measurable by the distances traveled and distances. In fact, fast motion is often indistinguishable from slow motion because the motion length and temporal resolution are not measured.

Wearable's installed in the shoes as in Adidas "miCoach", "speed cell" measures the steps where they arise.

A measurement of the stride length as described in the novelty does not exist.

Due to physical and psychological requirements such as height, physique or also coordinative abilities and motivations, humans have an individual capability. The movement patterns are similar in repetitive length and speed / temporal resolution. Diseases, such as the connective and support system, lead to very specific movement patterns in the movement of a sequence of movements.

This makes man individually unique in his capacity and practice of action. In order to measure this capacity and exercise of the action, the novelty described here is necessary.

The novelty can be equipped with other solutions such as, for example, with a timer in everyday life, for example, in martial arts. This is for example when boxing at the level of the wrist and thus opposite to the target area of a boxing glove. The timer can be used as a sound or advantageously as a vibration alarm application. The timer can advantageously mark the laps and pauses. But also map the entire training and herald or end sprints or special punches, combinations, assault or defense.

The timer can furthermore advantageously start the time measurements and / or display them for third parties and thus provide measurements for reaction times in, for example, different beats such as the command or punch / hand combinations. For this the vibration alarm transmitter starts by controlling the respective hand with a signal.

The prerequisite for this is that at least one novelty is attached to the upper extremities. Advantageously, further synchronously measuring systems, as described in novelty, be attached to the body. Thus, it is possible coordination-demanding movements, such as the footwork or rotations of the upper body during the movements and these not only in boxing to measure.

The novelty finds errors in temporally necessary harmonic movements, such as to strike a blow or to react correctly in one fell swoop.

The timer can advantageously use one or more signal transmitters as a sound or light signal for a signal for the vibration alarm transmitter.

Thus, the timer can use a variety of signals for the design of the training.

With the help of the timers, the trainer can make individual demands in training with several athletes without having to be loud at the training site, or having to rip through time and place.

When punching in martial arts is the negative acceleration / hit, far higher than the acceleration to bridge the distance from A to B towards the opponent.

In sports and especially in martial arts you need high acceleration values to surprise the opponent, or just to be faster than the defense and their choice of means.

In sports, techniques such as the punches in boxing over years or even decades practiced in order to perform the demanding movements in no time in combat can.

A punch consists of differently separated movements.

The stretching of the arm, leading the shoulder forward, the rotation of the hip, the displacement of the body forward, the extension and rotation of the ankle also via the hip joint should be mentioned.

These movements create a movement length from A to B of the fist, which hits the target in the optimal state shortly before the absolute stretching phase.

The novelty measures the movement length without reference surface as well as the momentum transfer value.

If the movement did not take place optimally, ie in time and in length, the stroke does not have the value that would be optimally achievable.

For example, the athlete tries in boxing by "go into the man" to shorten the distance to reduce the impact force of the opponent and thus reduce stroke hardness.

The novelty measures the time and length running situation of both athletes / fighters and can show them directly in real time in the recordings / television / video.

The armstrings of a boxer tire as well as the entire organism during boxing. These individual changes in positive as well as negative acceleration, as well as the reaction times over the time of training or competition measures the novelty.

Today, in live broadcasts, the number of hits and hits are counted manually. In the ring breaks statistics are visually presented to the viewer, which should show an objectivity.

The novelty measures the performance potential that was achieved in the training, the potential that is shown live / real in the competition, the "instinct" as a momentum transfer value and can also determine the performance drop during training or competition, conclusions about existing reserves and a forecast on the Create Battle History.

The novelty is thus presented as in online games, on the one hand predictable, on the other hand, however, more exciting, as far more objective information on presumptive assessment of an athlete's fighter are available.

Advantageously, the novelty can be produced as a repetitive and standardized design to fulfill its tasks. A holder for insert / attach in boxing gloves, boxing bandages or sports products such as shoe, tennis rackets, sabers, golf clubs, utensils for horse racing, football, hockey sticks, as a therapeutic agent in bandages, orthoses, etc. can be easily implemented in such solutions.

The small size of a simple handle for charging the novelty is necessary. The novelty uses advantageously this a mobile usable design for different applications. However, it can also be attached to the wrist or glove, foot, upper body by means of skin glue, adhesive tapes, bandages, velcro or bandages, as in martial arts.

Advantageously, the novelty can be charged wirelessly.

The evaluation unit provides the data for at least one user. Advantageously, however, is a worldwide comparison of all users.

A stationary variant which displays the results of measurement suburb is part of the novelty. Advantageously, however, the novelty is mobile.

The novelty has different acceleration sensors available for the respective application.

Thus, the selection of the existing hardware, the necessary different ranges are served.

The measuring range is the maximum measured value range and the resolution of the measured values. In boxing, for example, high-resolution acceleration data is needed to determine the lay length. Upon impact, a maximum range of measurement is needed to capture the high acceleration values.

The novelty can also be equipped with a heart rate monitor due to your different position on the body. Existing wearable devices that have appropriate acceleration sensors can be upgraded with the novelty by implementing appropriate software in the device / wearable.

For the blind, the novelty can serve as navigation and determination of distance to objects and interactions.

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• US 9120014 [0043]

Claims (19)

Mobile measurement of the momentum transfer, measurement of the length of a movement of an object without reference surface, the movement may be human, animal or machine origin using at least one acceleration sensor. The measured movement is a temporal list of the positions, speeds and accelerations of the object in the location system in which the object is located. The measurement of the momentum transfer and the length of a movement without a reference surface Claim 1 is characterized in that at least one acceleration sensor, a computing unit, at least one alarm transmitter, a power unit, a data storage unit, an image output unit, a timer unit and a radio unit is used. The mobile measurement of movement after Claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that it can be attached to any body parts or moving objects of human, animal or machine bodies. It is advantageous that the mobile measurement of movement in garments such as, socks, stocking, headband, hat, shoe, glove, worn jewelry and valuables such as rings, bracelets and watches, watches like Rolex, Tagheuer or Swatch, Smartbands such as Fitbit or Jawbone, smartwares such as Apple or LG, or else products for sports-therapeutic and medical purposes such as bandages, bandages, plasters, flat tape, tape and sports goods or aids for sports such as boxing gloves or bandages, oars, Golf or tennis rackets, cane for ice hockey, hockey, ski pole, spear, baton, etc. can be integrated. The mobile measurement of a movement according to any one of the preceding claims is characterized in that the current position and the current speed, and particularly advantageously the traveled length of the movement of the object and the momentum transfer value at which the unit is mounted, can be determined. The mobile measurement of the movement according to one of the preceding claims is characterized in that the current phase of a repetitive movement is detected. Repeatedly this means that the sequence of the phases of a movement are the same and the movement is similar, the exact movement in terms of location and time is not absolutely necessary. The mobile measurement of the movement according to one of the preceding claims is characterized in that the current position is detected within the movement phase. The mobile measurement of the movement of one of the preceding claims is characterized in that inaccurate measurement results due to insufficient accuracy of today's acceleration sensors with the knowledge of the current phase of motion can be optimized. The mobile measurement of the movement according to one of the preceding claims is characterized in that a continuous measurement of the location and the speed of an object is possible. The mobile measurement of the movement according to one of the preceding claims is characterized in that further derived measured variables can be determined from the sequence of movements. a. In a repetitive motion, the number of movement sequences can be determined. As an example, the counting of strokes, steps, kicks, the counting of turns (eg the bicycle crank) called. b. A sequence of movements can be compared to an ideal movement. An example is the detection of movement restrictions of rehabilitation patients by means of movements on fitness equipment. The mobile measurement of the movement according to one of the preceding claims is characterized in that further derived physical measured variables can be determined. a. By knowing the mass of the moving object, the following physical measured variables can be determined, for example: force (mass * acceleration) and momentum (mass * velocity), or power (force * velocity) and potential energy (gravitation * mass * location). b. By knowing the power consumption of the moving object, the following physical measured variables can be determined, for example: converted energy (number of repetitive movements * power consumption (example cycling) or location * power consumption (pull of a rubber band)) The mobile measurement of the movement according to one of the preceding claims is characterized in that further derived physical measured variables can also be determined in other dependencies, apart from the temporal dependency. For example. The force can be determined as a function of the speed (measurement of the braking force of an automobile as a function of speed). The invention is characterized in that the method measures the pulse transmission value. The invention is characterized in that the method measures the length of a movement without a reference surface. The invention is characterized in that the method synchronously measures the momentum transfer value from at least one respective attached sensors on an object and / or fighter to measure the actual performance of the fighter and measures it over a defined time. The invention is characterized in that the method synchronously attaches the pulse transmission value to at least two attached sensors to the body of each fighter to separately measure the momentum transfer value of an object such as sandbag or an opponent over a defined time. The invention is characterized in that the method moves the momentum transfer value of a stationary, but advantageously mobile object, such as with at least one measuring unit on or in an object, measuring a speed, measuring the temporal resolution of a movement, synchronizing at least two measuring units of a single object eg human, synchronization of at least one measuring unit of different objects, eg at least one other human being, measuring of reaction times on actions and actions, measuring of reaction times on signaling by means of internal and / or external timers. The invention is characterized in that the method comprises a pulse transmission value and the length of a movement of an object without a reference surface, such as measured on fists, feet, hips, torso of a human, or attached or used sports equipment such as boxing gloves, boxing boots or bandages in martial arts Sports and sports equipment such as sword fencing, athletics such as running shoes or baton, tennis or golf rackets, quilting or dumbbells, top and bottom jerseys, therapeutic and medical devices such as tape, bandages, orthoses or prostheses, caps, gloves, Socks, jewelry such as rings, watches, chains of a human being, as well as smart devices such as smartphones, smartwatches, SmartTV measures. The invention is characterized in that the method measures a pulse transmission value as well as the length of a movement of an object and its publications of data via information and imaging platforms, social networks, radio and television stations. The invention is characterized in that the method for displaying pulse transmission values, movement data, such as the temporal resolution of each hit a fight in training or everyday in stroke length, stroke hardness and speed, number of strokes, divided or in sum of the blows of leadership and Punching hand as well as divided into periods such as rounds in boxing, which measure and represent the decrease or increase of performance data during a time sequence as described in the novelty.

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