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DE102017006509A1 - Energy supply system using hydrogen - Google Patents

Energy supply system using hydrogen Download PDF

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Publication number
DE102017006509A1
DE102017006509A1 DE102017006509.8A DE102017006509A DE102017006509A1 DE 102017006509 A1 DE102017006509 A1 DE 102017006509A1 DE 102017006509 A DE102017006509 A DE 102017006509A DE 102017006509 A1 DE102017006509 A1 DE 102017006509A1
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Germany
Prior art keywords
energy
hydrogen
electrolyzer
storage
supply system
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DE102017006509.8A
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German (de)
Inventor
Wilfried Kolb
Robert Kratzer
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Priority to DE202017006617.3U priority Critical patent/DE202017006617U1/en
Priority to DE102017006509.8A priority patent/DE102017006509A1/en
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Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
    • C25B1/01—Products
    • C25B1/02—Hydrogen or oxygen
    • C25B1/04—Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D39/00—Closures arranged within necks or pouring openings or in discharge apertures, e.g. stoppers
    • B65D39/0052—Closures arranged within necks or pouring openings or in discharge apertures, e.g. stoppers made in more than one piece
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12G—WINE; PREPARATION THEREOF; ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES; PREPARATION OF ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES NOT PROVIDED FOR IN SUBCLASSES C12C OR C12H
    • C12G3/00—Preparation of other alcoholic beverages
    • C12G3/04—Preparation of other alcoholic beverages by mixing, e.g. for preparation of liqueurs
    • C12G3/06—Preparation of other alcoholic beverages by mixing, e.g. for preparation of liqueurs with flavouring ingredients
    • C12G3/07—Flavouring with wood extracts, e.g. generated by contact with wood; Wood pretreatment therefor
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12H—PASTEURISATION, STERILISATION, PRESERVATION, PURIFICATION, CLARIFICATION OR AGEING OF ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES; METHODS FOR ALTERING THE ALCOHOL CONTENT OF FERMENTED SOLUTIONS OR ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES
    • C12H1/00—Pasteurisation, sterilisation, preservation, purification, clarification, or ageing of alcoholic beverages
    • C12H1/22—Ageing or ripening by storing, e.g. lagering of beer
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C11/00—Combinations of two or more machines or pumps, each being of rotary-piston or oscillating-piston type; Pumping installations
    • F04C11/001—Combinations of two or more machines or pumps, each being of rotary-piston or oscillating-piston type; Pumping installations of similar working principle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C15/00—Component parts, details or accessories of machines, pumps or pumping installations, not provided for in groups F04C2/00 - F04C14/00
    • F04C15/0003—Sealing arrangements in rotary-piston machines or pumps
    • F04C15/0007—Radial sealings for working fluid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C2/00—Rotary-piston machines or pumps
    • F04C2/22—Rotary-piston machines or pumps of internal-axis type with equidirectional movement of co-operating members at the points of engagement, or with one of the co-operating members being stationary, the inner member having more teeth or tooth-equivalents than the outer member
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/46—Accumulators structurally combined with charging apparatus
    • H01M10/465—Accumulators structurally combined with charging apparatus with solar battery as charging system
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M16/00—Structural combinations of different types of electrochemical generators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M16/00—Structural combinations of different types of electrochemical generators
    • H01M16/003—Structural combinations of different types of electrochemical generators of fuel cells with other electrochemical devices, e.g. capacitors, electrolysers
    • H01M16/006—Structural combinations of different types of electrochemical generators of fuel cells with other electrochemical devices, e.g. capacitors, electrolysers of fuel cells with rechargeable batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
    • H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
    • H01M8/0656—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants by electrochemical means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J1/00—Circuit arrangements for DC mains or DC distribution networks
    • H02J15/50—
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/381—Dispersed generators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J4/00—Circuit arrangements for mains or distribution networks not specified as AC or DC
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other DC sources, e.g. providing buffering
    • H02J7/35—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other DC sources, e.g. providing buffering with light sensitive cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S10/00—PV power plants; Combinations of PV energy systems with other systems for the generation of electric power
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S10/00—PV power plants; Combinations of PV energy systems with other systems for the generation of electric power
    • H02S10/10—PV power plants; Combinations of PV energy systems with other systems for the generation of electric power including a supplementary source of electric power, e.g. hybrid diesel-PV energy systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S10/00—PV power plants; Combinations of PV energy systems with other systems for the generation of electric power
    • H02S10/20—Systems characterised by their energy storage means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/10—Batteries in stationary systems, e.g. emergency power source in plant
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
    • H01M2250/10—Fuel cells in stationary systems, e.g. emergency power source in plant
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
    • H01M2250/40—Combination of fuel cells with other energy production systems
    • H01M2250/402—Combination of fuel cell with other electric generators
    • H02J2101/24—
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02B90/10—Applications of fuel cells in buildings
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/36—Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis
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    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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Abstract

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Energieversorgungssystem (E), umfassend eine Einrichtung (1), welche mittels Sonnenenergie aus Wasser Wasserstoff erzeugt, einen Wasserstoffspeicher (5) zur Zwischenspeicherung des derart erzeugten Wasserstoffs sowie eine mit dem Wasserstoffspeicher (5) verbundene oder verbindbare Vorrichtung (6) zur Umwandlung des gespeicherten Wasserstoffs in Energie, gekennzeichnet durch eine Photovoltaikanlage (1) zur Erzeugung von Strom aus Sonnenenergie, einen Energiespeicher (2) zur Zwischenspeicherung des von der Photovoltaikanlage (1) erzeugten Stroms und durch einen Elektrolyseur (3) zur Erzeugung von Wasserstoff aus Wasser,wobei die Photovoltaikanlage (1) mit dem Energiespeicher (2), der Energiespeicher (2) mit dem Elektrolyseur (3) und der Elektrolyseur (3) mit dem Wasserstoffspeicher (5) verbunden oder verbindbar ist und wobei der Energiespeicher (2) und der Elektrolyseur (3) derart ausgelegt sind, dass die im Energiespeicher (2) bei entsprechender Sonneneinstrahlung tagsüber gespeicherte Energie ausreicht, um den Elektrolyseur (3) zwischen 12h und 24h unter Volllast zu betreiben.

Figure DE102017006509A1_0000
The invention relates to a power supply system (E), comprising a device (1) which generates hydrogen from water by means of solar energy, a hydrogen storage (5) for temporarily storing the hydrogen thus produced and a device (6) connected or connectable to the hydrogen storage (5). for converting the stored hydrogen into energy, characterized by a photovoltaic system (1) for generating electricity from solar energy, an energy store (2) for temporarily storing the electricity generated by the photovoltaic system (1) and by an electrolyzer (3) for generating hydrogen Water, wherein the photovoltaic system (1) with the energy storage device (2), the energy storage (2) with the electrolyzer (3) and the electrolyzer (3) with the hydrogen storage (5) connected or connectable and wherein the energy storage (2) and the electrolyser (3) are designed such that in the energy store (2) at a corresponding solar irradiation Energy stored during the day is sufficient to operate the electrolyzer (3) between 12h and 24h under full load.
Figure DE102017006509A1_0000

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Energieversorgungssystem gemäß den Merkmalen des Patentanspruchs 1.The invention relates to a power supply system according to the features of patent claim 1.

Dezentrale Energieversorgungssysteme haben die Aufgabe, Gebäude oder andere Objekte, die keinen Zugang zu einem öffentlichen Gas- oder Stromnetz haben, mit Energie zu versorgen.Decentralized energy supply systems have the task of supplying energy to buildings or other objects that do not have access to a public gas or electricity grid.

Bekannte Hausenergieversorgungssysteme von Inselnetzen oder zur Notstromversorgung sind in der Regel motorgestützte Systeme, die aus einem Brennstoff mechanische Energie durch Verbrennung erzeugen und diese in elektrische Energie umwandeln. Da solche Energieversorgungssysteme von einer Brennstoffzufuhr abhängig sind, ist eine autonome Energieversorgung eingeschränkt oder gar nicht möglich.Known domestic energy supply systems of isolated networks or for emergency power supply are usually motor-based systems that generate mechanical energy from a fuel combustion by combustion and convert it into electrical energy. Since such energy supply systems are dependent on a fuel supply, an autonomous power supply is limited or not possible.

Aus DE 10 2008 051 689 A1 ist ein Energieversorgungssystem bekannt, bei welchem unter Sonneneinstrahlung photochemisch Wasser in Wasserstoff und Sauerstoff umgewandelt wird. Der erhaltende Wasserstoff wird in einem Wasserstoffspeicher gespeichert und im Bedarfsfall in einer Brennstoffzelle in elektrische und thermische Energie umgesetzt. Problematisch hierbei sind die zu berücksichtigenden Dimensionen des Wasserstoffspeichers und der Vorrichtung zur photochemischen Umsetzung von Wasser in Wasserstoff um einen effektiven Betrieb des Energieversorgungssystems über einen Zeitraum von 24h, d.h. eines ganzen Tages inkl. Tages- und Nachtzeit zu gewährleisten.Out DE 10 2008 051 689 A1 an energy supply system is known in which photochemically water is converted into hydrogen and oxygen under solar radiation. The conserved hydrogen is stored in a hydrogen storage and converted into electrical and thermal energy in a fuel cell when needed. The problem here is the dimensions to be taken into account of the hydrogen storage and the device for the photochemical conversion of water into hydrogen to ensure effective operation of the power supply system over a period of 24h, ie a whole day incl. Daytime and nighttime.

Eine Schwierigkeit bei der Nutzung der Sonnenergie besteht darin, dass der Bedarf an Energie in dem zu versorgenden Gebäude in der Regel nicht mit dem Angebot der verfügbaren Sonnenstrahlung gedeckt werden kann.One difficulty with the use of solar energy is that the demand for energy in the building to be supplied can generally not be covered by the available solar radiation.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, ein Energieversorgungssystem zur Verfügung zu stellen, mit dem eine zuverlässige, tageszeitunabhängige brennstoffunabhängige Energieversorgung gewährleistet wird.The object of the invention is to provide an energy supply system with which a reliable, independent of time of day fuel-independent energy supply is ensured.

Diese Aufgabe wird mit dem Energieversorgungssystem gemäß den Merkmalen des geltenden Anspruchs 1 gelöst. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind Gegenstand von Unteransprüchen.This object is achieved with the energy supply system according to the features of the current claim 1. Advantageous embodiments of the invention are the subject of dependent claims.

Das erfindungsgemäße Energieversorgungssystem geht aus von einer Einrichtung, welche mittels Sonnenenergie aus Wasser Wasserstoff erzeugt, einen Wasserstoffspeicher zur Zwischenspeicherung des derart erzeugten Wasserstoffs sowie eine mit dem Wasserstoffspeicher verbundene oder verbindbare Vorrichtung zur Umwandlung des gespeicherten Wasserstoffs in Energie. Erfindungsgemäß sind eine Photovoltaikanlage zur Erzeugung von Strom aus Sonnenenergie, ein Energiespeicher zur Zwischenspeicherung des von der Photovoltaikanlage erzeugten Stroms und ein Elektrolyseur zur Erzeugung von Wasserstoff aus Wasser vorhanden, wobei die Photovoltaikanlage mit dem Energiespeicher, der Energiespeicher mit dem Elektrolyseur und der Elektrolyseur mit dem Wasserstoffspeicher verbunden oder verbindbar ist und wobei der Energiespeicher und der Elektrolyseur derart ausgelegt sind, dass bei entsprechender Sonneneinstrahlung die im Energiespeicher tagsüber gespeicherte Energie ausreicht, um den Elektrolyseur zwischen 12h und 24h unter Volllast zu betreiben.The energy supply system according to the invention is based on a device which generates hydrogen from water by means of solar energy, a hydrogen storage device for temporarily storing the hydrogen thus produced and a device connected or connectable to the hydrogen storage device for converting the stored hydrogen into energy. According to the invention, a photovoltaic system for generating electricity from solar energy, an energy storage device for temporarily storing the electricity generated by the photovoltaic system and an electrolyzer for generating hydrogen from water are present, wherein the photovoltaic system with the energy storage, the energy storage with the electrolyzer and the electrolyzer with the hydrogen storage connected or connectable and wherein the energy storage and the electrolyzer are designed such that with appropriate sunlight the energy stored in the energy storage during the day is sufficient to operate the electrolyzer between 12h and 24h under full load.

Durch die erfindungsgemäße Auslegung des Energiespeichers und des Elektrolyseurs ist sichergestellt, dass das Energieversorgungssystem kompakt und kostengünstig aufgebaut werden kann.The inventive design of the energy storage and the electrolyzer ensures that the power supply system can be compact and inexpensive.

In einer Ausführungsform der Erfindung können die Photovoltaikanlage mit dem Energiespeicher und dem Elektrolyseur verbunden sein, so dass bei Betrieb der Photovoltaikanlage der Energiespeicher und der Elektrolyseur gleichzeitig mit Strom versorgt werden. Mit anderen Worten, tagsüber bei Sonneneinstrahlung versorgt die Photovoltaikanlage den Energiespeicher und den Elektrolyseur gleichzeitig mit Strom.In one embodiment of the invention, the photovoltaic system can be connected to the energy storage and the electrolyzer, so that are supplied with power during operation of the photovoltaic system, the energy storage and the electrolyzer simultaneously. In other words, during the day when the sun is shining, the photovoltaic system supplies the energy storage and the electrolyzer with electricity at the same time.

In einer weiteren Ausführungsform der Erfindung kann ein Wärmespeicher vorhanden sein. Der Wärmespeicher kann dabei der Aufnahme der Abwärme des Elektrolyseurs dienen. Ferner kann der Wärmespeicher der Aufnahme der Abwärme der Vorrichtung zur Umwandlung des gespeicherten Wasserstoffs in Energie, welche z.B. eine Brennstoffzelle sein kann, dienen. Der Wärmespeicher kann hierbei z.B. ein Wasserspeicher sein. Zweckmäßig kann eine Wärmepumpe vorhanden sein, welche die in dem Wärmespeicher gespeicherte Wärme einem oder mehreren Verbrauchern zuführt. Bei den Verbrauchern kann es sich z.B. um das Brauchwasser- oder Heizungsnetz einer Gebäudeanlage handeln. Dadurch wird der Wirkungsgrad des erfindungsgemäßen Energieversorgungssystems verbessert.In a further embodiment of the invention, a heat accumulator may be present. The heat storage can serve to absorb the waste heat of the electrolyzer. Furthermore, the heat accumulator can absorb the waste heat of the device for converting the stored hydrogen into energy, which is e.g. a fuel cell can serve. The heat storage can in this case e.g. to be a water reservoir. Suitably, a heat pump may be present, which supplies the heat stored in the heat storage heat to one or more consumers. Consumers may be e.g. to act around the service water or heating network of a building complex. As a result, the efficiency of the power supply system according to the invention is improved.

In einer weiteren Ausführungsform kann die Photovoltaikanlage zusätzlich mit der Wärmepumpe verbunden sein. Dadurch ist es möglich, dass bei Betrieb der Photovoltaikanlage zusätzlich die Wärmepumpe mit Strom versorgt werden kann.In a further embodiment, the photovoltaic system may additionally be connected to the heat pump. This makes it possible that during operation of the photovoltaic system in addition, the heat pump can be supplied with power.

Es ist somit möglich, ein Energieversorgungssystem anzugeben, bei welchem die Photovoltaikanlage mit dem Energiespeicher, dem Elektrolyseur und der Wärmepumpe verbunden ist, so dass bei Betrieb der Photovoltaikanlage der Energiespeicher, der Elektrolyseur und die Wärmepumpe gleichzeitig mit Strom versorgt werden.It is thus possible to specify an energy supply system in which the photovoltaic system is connected to the energy store, the electrolyzer and the heat pump, so that when operating the photovoltaic system, the energy storage, the electrolyzer and the heat pump are supplied with electricity simultaneously.

In einer weiteren Ausführungsform der Erfindung kann ein Verdichter vorhanden sein zur Komprimierung des vom Elektrolyseur erzeugten Wasserstoffs. Dadurch kann sichergestellt werden, dass der vom Elektrolyseur erzeugte Wasserstoff unter einem maximal möglichen Druck dem Wasserstoffspeicher zugeführt werden kann. Der Verdichter kann zweckmäßig derart ausgelegt sein, dass der vom Verdichter erzielbare maximale Ausgangsdruck dem zulässigen Maximaldruck des Wasserstoffspeichers entspricht. Mit größerem zulässigen Maximaldruck des Wasserstoffspeichers und somit größerem Ausgangsdrucks des Elektrolyseurs kann die Größe des Wasserstoffspeichers bei konstanter Füllmenge reduziert werden. Dadurch kann das System kompakter aufgebaut werden. In a further embodiment of the invention, a compressor may be present for compressing the hydrogen produced by the electrolyzer. This can ensure that the hydrogen produced by the electrolyzer can be supplied to the hydrogen storage under a maximum possible pressure. The compressor may expediently be designed such that the maximum output pressure achievable by the compressor corresponds to the permissible maximum pressure of the hydrogen storage. With a larger permissible maximum pressure of the hydrogen storage and thus a larger outlet pressure of the electrolyzer, the size of the hydrogen storage can be reduced at a constant capacity. This allows the system to be made more compact.

In einer weiteren Ausführungsform der Erfindung kann die Vorrichtung zur Umwandlung von Wasserstoff in Energie eine Brennstoffzelle sein. Es ist aber alternativ oder zusätzlich möglich, dass die Vorrichtung zur Umwandlung von Wasserstoff in Energie eine Vorrichtung zur Kraft-Wärme-Erzeugung ist. Damit kann mit dem erfindungsgemäßen System aus dem gespeicherten Wasserstoff Strom und/oder Wärme erzeugt werden und dadurch ein Energieversorgungssystem geschaffen werden.In a further embodiment of the invention, the device for converting hydrogen into energy may be a fuel cell. However, it is alternatively or additionally possible that the device for converting hydrogen into energy is a device for generating power and heat. Thus, with the system according to the invention, electricity and / or heat can be generated from the stored hydrogen, thereby creating a power supply system.

Die Erfindung wird im Weiteren anhand einer Figur näher erläutert.The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to a figure.

Die Figur zeigt das erfindungsgemäße Energieversorgungssystem E, das aus einer Photovoltaikanlage 1, einem Energiespeicher 2 zur Speicherung von Strom, einem Elektrolyseur 3 zur Erzeugung von Wasserstoff, einem Verdichter 4, einem Wasserstoffspeicher 5 und einer Vorrichtung 6 zur Umwandlung des gespeicherten Wasserstoffs in Energie. Die Vorrichtung 6 ist hierbei beispielhaft eine Kombination aus einer Brennstoffzelle und einer Anlage zur Kraft-Wärme-Kopplung. Ferner west das Energieversorgungssystem E einen Wärmespeicher 7 sowie eine Wärmepumpe 8 auf.The figure shows the energy supply system according to the invention e that from a photovoltaic system 1 , an energy storage 2 for storing electricity, an electrolyzer 3 to generate hydrogen, a compressor 4 , a hydrogen storage 5 and a device 6 to convert the stored hydrogen into energy. The device 6 Here is an example of a combination of a fuel cell and a plant for combined heat and power. Further west, the energy supply system e a heat storage 7 as well as a heat pump 8th on.

In einer Photovoltaikanlage 1 wird durch Sonnenenergie Strom erzeugt. Dieser Strom wird über eine Stromleitung S1 einem Energiespeicher 2 zugeführt und in dem Energiespeicher 2 gespeichert. Bei Bedarf, z.B. bei fehlender Sonneneinstrahlung, z.B. nachts oder tagsüber bei wolkenbedecktem Himmel wird der im Energiespeicher 2 gespeicherte Strom über eine Stromleitung S3 einem Elektrolyseur 3 zugeführt. In dem Elektrolyseur 3 wird mittels des Stroms Wasser in Wasserstoff und Sauerstoff gespalten. Zusätzlich ist die Photovoltaikanlage 1 über eine Stromleitung S4 direkt mit dem Elektrolyseur 3 verbunden, so dass der Elektrolyseur 3 direkt mit dem Strom der Photovoltaikanlage 1 betrieben werden kann, z.B. wenn die maximale Ladekapazität des Energiespeichers 2 erreicht ist.In a photovoltaic system 1 is generated by solar energy electricity. This stream is via a power line S1 an energy store 2 supplied and in the energy storage 2 saved. If necessary, eg in the absence of solar radiation, eg at night or during the day when the sky is cloudy, the energy store will be stored 2 stored electricity via a power line S3 an electrolyzer 3 fed. In the electrolyzer 3 is split by means of the flow of water into hydrogen and oxygen. In addition, the photovoltaic system 1 via a power line S4 directly with the electrolyzer 3 connected so that the electrolyzer 3 directly with the electricity of the photovoltaic system 1 can be operated, for example when the maximum charge capacity of the energy storage 2 is reached.

Der Elektrolyseur 3 ist über eine Wasserstoffleitung H1 mit dem Verdichter 4 verbunden. Der Verdichter 4 ist beispielhaft über eine Stromleitung S2 mit dem Energiespeicher 2 und über eine Stromleitung S5 mit der Photovoltaikanlage 1 verbunden. Selbstverständlich kann der Verdichter 4 auch nur über eine der beiden in der Fig. gezeigten Stromleitungen S2, S5 mit einer elektrischen Energiequelle 1, 2 verbunden sein.The electrolyzer 3 is via a hydrogen line H1 with the compressor 4 connected. The compressor 4 is an example of a power line S2 with the energy storage 2 and over a power line S5 with the photovoltaic system 1 connected. Of course, the compressor 4 also only via one of the two power lines shown in the figure S2 . S5 with an electrical energy source 1 . 2 be connected.

Der Verdichter 4 ist über eine Wasserstoffleitung H2 mit einem Wasserstoffspeicher 5 verbunden. Der Wasserstoffspeicher 5 ist beispielhaft zusätzlich über eine Wasserstoffleitung H4 mit dem Elektrolyseur 3 verbunden. So ist es möglich, bei nahezu entleertem Wasserstoffspeicher 5, den Wasserstoffspeicher 5 ohne Nutzung des Verdichters 4 zu befüllen. Der Ausgangsdruck des Elektrolyseurs 3 beträgt üblicherweise bis zu 30 bar. Somit ist es möglich, den Wasserstofftank 5 bis zu einem Druck, der dem Ausgangsdruck des Elektrolyseurs 3 entspricht, zu befüllen. Hierdurch wird eine effekive Nutzung der zur Verfügung stehenden Energie ermöglicht.The compressor 4 is via a hydrogen line H2 with a hydrogen storage 5 connected. The hydrogen storage 5 is an example by way of a hydrogen line H4 with the electrolyzer 3 connected. So it is possible with almost empty hydrogen storage 5 , the hydrogen storage 5 without use of the compressor 4 to fill. The outlet pressure of the electrolyzer 3 is usually up to 30 bar. Thus it is possible to use the hydrogen tank 5 up to a pressure equal to the outlet pressure of the electrolyzer 3 corresponds to fill. This allows an effective use of the available energy.

Der Wasserstoffspeicher 5 ist über eine Wasserstoffleitung H3 mit der Vorrichtung 6 zur Umwandlung des gespeicherten Wasserstoffs in Energie verbunden. Diese Vorrichtung 6 ist beispielhaft eine Kombination aus einer Brennstoffzelle 6a und einer Anlage zur Kraft-Wärme-Kopplung 6b. Die Vorrichtung 6 ist beispielhaft zusätzlich über eine Wasserstoffleitung H5 mit dem Elektrolyseur 3 verbunden. Dadurch ist es möglich, dass der vom Elektrolyseur 3 erzeugte Wasserstoff direkt in der Vorrichtung 6 in nutzbare Energie, z.B. Strom und/oder Wärme umgesetzt wird.The hydrogen storage 5 is via a hydrogen line H3 with the device 6 for converting the stored hydrogen into energy. This device 6 is an example of a combination of a fuel cell 6a and a plant for combined heat and power 6b , The device 6 is an example by way of a hydrogen line H5 with the electrolyzer 3 connected. This makes it possible for the electrolyzer 3 generated hydrogen directly in the device 6 is converted into usable energy, such as electricity and / or heat.

Das Energieversorgungssystem E kann, wie in Fig. gezeigt, einen Wärmespeicher 7 aufweisen, welcher über Wärmeleitungen W1, W2 mit dem Elektrolyseur 3 und der Brennstoffzelle 6a verbunden ist. Der Wärmespeicher 7 ist dabei dafür ausgelegt, die Abwärme des Elektrolyseurs 3 sowie der Brennstoffzelle 6a zu speichern. Dadurch können Wärmeverluste zusätzlich genutzt werden. Dies erfolgt über eine mit dem Wärmespeicher 7 verbundene Wärmepumpe 8. Die Wärmepumpe 8 ist dabei derart ausgelegt, die im Wärmespeicher 7 gespeicherte Wärme einem Verbraucher 9, z.B. einem Brauchwasser- oder Heizungsnetz zuzuführen. Die Wärmepumpe 8 ist dabei über eine Stromleitung S6 mit der Photovoltaikanlage 1 verbunden.The energy supply system e can, as shown in Fig., A heat storage 7 have, which via heat pipes W1 . W2 with the electrolyzer 3 and the fuel cell 6a connected is. The heat storage 7 is designed for the waste heat of the electrolyzer 3 as well as the fuel cell 6a save. As a result, heat losses can be used additionally. This is done via a with the heat storage 7 connected heat pump 8th , The heat pump 8th is designed in such a way that in the heat storage 7 stored heat a consumer 9 , eg to supply a service water or heating network. The heat pump 8th is via a power line S6 with the photovoltaic system 1 connected.

Mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Energieversorgungssystem E ist es somit möglich, dass im Sommer, bei hoher Sonneneinstrahlung, tagsüber die Photovoltaikanlage 1 den Energiespeicher 2 und den Elektrolyseur 3 mit Strom versorgt. Der vom Elektrolyseur 3 erzeugte Wasserstoff wird in einem Wasserstoffspeicher 5 gespeichert. Nachts, bei fehlender Sonneneinstrahlung, wird der Elektrolyseur 3 vom Energiespeicher 2 mit Strom gespeist. Der vom Elektrolyseur 3 erzeugte Wasserstoff kann im Wasserstoffspeicher 5 gespeichert werden. Dadurch ist es möglich, dass der Elektrolyseur 3 für einen Zeitraum von bis zu 24 h unter Volllast zur Erzeugung von Wasserstoff betrieben werden kann. Der im Energiespeicher 2 gespeicherte Strom ist hierbei ausreichend, um den am Ausgang A der Vorrichtung 6 geforderten Strombedarf zu decken.With the energy supply system according to the invention e It is thus possible that in the summer, with high solar radiation, the photovoltaic system during the day 1 the energy store 2 and the electrolyzer 3 powered. The one from the electrolyzer 3 Hydrogen generated is in a hydrogen storage 5 saved. At night, if missing Solar radiation, the electrolyzer 3 from the energy store 2 powered by electricity. The one from the electrolyzer 3 Hydrogen generated in the hydrogen storage 5 get saved. This makes it possible for the electrolyzer 3 for a period of up to 24 hours under full load to produce hydrogen. The energy store 2 Stored current is sufficient to the output A the device 6 to cover demanded electricity.

Im Winter, bei geringer Sonneneinstrahlung, wird der am Ausgang A der Vorrichtung 6 geforderten Strombedarf dadurch gewährleistet, dass der im Wasserstoffspeicher 5 gespeicherte Wasserstoff der Vorrichtung 6 zur Umwandlung des Wasserstoffs in elektrische und/oder thermische Energie zugeführt wird.In winter, in low sunlight, the at the output A the device 6 required power requirement thereby ensuring that in the hydrogen storage 5 stored hydrogen of the device 6 for converting the hydrogen into electrical and / or thermal energy is supplied.

BezugszeichenlisteLIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

11
Photovoltaikanlagephotovoltaic system
22
Energiespeicherenergy storage
33
Elektrolyseurelectrolyzer
44
Verdichtercompressor
55
WasserstoffspeicherHydrogen storage
66
Vorrichtung zur Umwandlung Wasserstoff in EnergieDevice for converting hydrogen into energy
6a6a
Brennstoffzellefuel cell
6b6b
Anlage zur Kraft-Wärme-KopplungPlant for combined heat and power
77
Wärmespeicherheat storage
88th
Wärmepumpeheat pump
99
Verbraucherconsumer
S1..6S1..6
Stromleitungpower line
H1..5H1..5
WasserstoffleitungHydrogen line
W1.2W1.2
Wärmeleitungheat conduction
AA
Ausgangoutput
Ee
EnergieversorgungssystemPower system

ZITATE ENTHALTEN IN DER BESCHREIBUNG QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

Diese Liste der vom Anmelder aufgeführten Dokumente wurde automatisiert erzeugt und ist ausschließlich zur besseren Information des Lesers aufgenommen. Die Liste ist nicht Bestandteil der deutschen Patent- bzw. Gebrauchsmusteranmeldung. Das DPMA übernimmt keinerlei Haftung für etwaige Fehler oder Auslassungen.This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Zitierte PatentliteraturCited patent literature

  • DE 102008051689 A1 [0004]DE 102008051689 A1 [0004]

Claims (8)

Energieversorgungssystem (E), umfassend eine Einrichtung (1), welche mittels Sonnenenergie aus Wasser Wasserstoff erzeugt, einen Wasserstoffspeicher (5) zur Zwischenspeicherung des derart erzeugten Wasserstoffs sowie eine mit dem Wasserstoffspeicher (5) verbundene oder verbindbare Vorrichtung (6) zur Umwandlung des gespeicherten Wasserstoffs in Energie, gekennzeichnet durch eine Photovoltaikanlage (1) zur Erzeugung von Strom aus Sonnenenergie, einen Energiespeicher (2) zur Zwischenspeicherung des von der Photovoltaikanlage (1) erzeugten Stroms und durch einen Elektrolyseur (3) zur Erzeugung von Wasserstoff aus Wasser, wobei die Photovoltaikanlage (1) mit dem Energiespeicher (2), der Energiespeicher (2) mit dem Elektrolyseur (3) und der Elektrolyseur (3) mit dem Wasserstoffspeicher (5) verbunden oder verbindbar ist und wobei der Energiespeicher (2) und der Elektrolyseur (3) derart ausgelegt sind, dass die im Energiespeicher (2) bei entsprechender Sonneneinstrahlung tagsüber gespeicherte Energie ausreicht, um den Elektrolyseur (3) zwischen 12h und 24h unter Volllast zu betreiben.Energy supply system (E), comprising means (1) which generates hydrogen from water by means of solar energy, a hydrogen storage (5) for temporarily storing the hydrogen thus produced, and a device (6) connected or connectable to the hydrogen storage (5) for converting the stored energy Hydrogen in energy, characterized by a photovoltaic system (1) for generating electricity from solar energy, an energy store (2) for temporarily storing the power generated by the photovoltaic system (1) and by an electrolyzer (3) for generating hydrogen from water, the Photovoltaic system (1) with the energy storage (2), the energy storage (2) with the electrolyzer (3) and the electrolyzer (3) with the hydrogen storage (5) connected or connectable and wherein the energy storage (2) and the electrolyzer (3 ) are designed such that stored in the energy store (2) with appropriate sunlight during the day Energy sufficient to operate the electrolyser (3) between 12h and 24h under full load. Energieversorgungssystem nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Photovoltaikanlage (1) mit dem Energiespeicher (2) und dem Elektrolyseur (3) verbunden ist, so dass bei Betrieb der Photovoltaikanlage (1) der Energiespeicher (2) und der Elektrolyseur (3) gleichzeitig mit Strom versorgt werden.Energy supply system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the photovoltaic system (1) with the energy storage device (2) and the electrolyzer (3) is connected, so that during operation of the photovoltaic system (1) of the energy storage device (2) and the electrolyzer (3 ) are supplied with power at the same time. Energieversorgungssystem nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein Wärmespeicher (7) vorhanden ist zur Aufnahme der Abwärme des Elektrolyseurs (3) sowie der Abwärme der Vorrichtung (6) zur Umwandlung des gespeicherten Wasserstoffs in Energie.Energy supply system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a heat accumulator (7) is provided for receiving the waste heat of the electrolyzer (3) and the waste heat of the device (6) for converting the stored hydrogen into energy. Energieversorgungssystem nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine Wärmepumpe (8) vorhanden ist, welche die in dem Wärmespeicher (7) gespeicherte Wärme einem oder mehreren Verbraucher (9) zuführt.Energy supply system according to Claim 3 , characterized in that a heat pump (8) is provided which supplies the heat stored in the heat accumulator (7) to one or more consumers (9). Energieversorgungssystem nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Photovoltaikanlage (1) zusätzlich mit der Wärmepumpe (8) verbunden ist, so dass bei Betrieb der Photovoltaikanlage (1) die Wärmepumpe (8) zusätzlich mit Strom versorgt wird.Energy supply system according to Claim 4 , characterized in that the photovoltaic system (1) is additionally connected to the heat pump (8), so that during operation of the photovoltaic system (1) the heat pump (8) is additionally supplied with power. Energieversorgungssystem nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein Verdichter (4) vorhanden ist zur Komprimierung des vom Elektrolyseur (3) erzeugten Wasserstoffs.Energy supply system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a compressor (4) is provided for compressing the hydrogen produced by the electrolyzer (3). Energieversorgungssystem nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Vorrichtung (6) zur Umwandlung von Wasserstoff in Energie eine Brennstoffzelle ist.Power supply system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the device (6) for converting hydrogen into energy is a fuel cell. Energieversorgungssystem nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Vorrichtung (6) zur Umwandlung von Wasserstoff in Energie eine Vorrichtung zur Kraft-Wärme-Erzeugung ist.Power supply system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the device (6) for the conversion of hydrogen into energy is a device for power-heat generation.
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