DE102016111177A1 - Concrete reinforcement grid element, a method for its production, a knitting machine for its production and its use - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a concrete reinforcing grid element, in particular for reinforcing precast concrete parts, a method for its production, a knitting machine for its production and its use in building construction, road construction and / or bridge construction.

Description

The invention relates to a concrete reinforcing grid element, in particular for reinforcing precast concrete parts, a method for its production, a knitting machine for its production and its use in building construction, road construction and / or bridge construction.

Even today, the demand for concrete continues to rise. This material is characterized by very high compressive strengths after setting. At the same time, however, the tensile strength, mostly due to pore formation, significantly reduced. To compensate for this disadvantage, reinforcing elements made of steel are used in building and bridge construction in order to prevent cracking and to increase the service life of the stressed parts. Known manner are introduced here to steel beams in the still liquid concrete or submitted and potted with this.

However, the combination of concrete and steel proves to be highly susceptible to corrosion. The steel is chemically corroded by the surrounding concrete, so that over time, the tensile strength decreases again. In addition, the use of steel beams that they are always sufficiently enclosed by concrete, so that at all the absorption of the tensile stress can be made by the steel. This in turn has the disadvantage that this results in high thicknesses and high weights of the resulting concrete layers. This is particularly disadvantageous in building construction when it comes to load capacity in modern architecture. Furthermore, the steel beams have the disadvantage that they are usually rigid and immovable. Consequently, modern architectural forms, such as curves, can not be realized with the known reinforcing elements without complex shuttering.

Accordingly, it is the object of the present invention to provide a concrete reinforcing grid element which enables the formation of thinner and lighter concrete layers. Moreover, it is also an object of the present invention to provide a concrete reinforcing grid element, which at the same time also fully absorbs the tensile stress acting on the concrete and which also incorporates an improved adhesive bond with the concrete, has better bending tensile properties and higher thread withdrawal values.

Furthermore, it is also an object of the present invention to provide a production method for a concrete reinforcement grid element, which is inexpensive and fast executable.

In addition, it is also an object of the present invention to provide a knitting machine for the cost-effective production of concrete reinforcing grid element.

These objects are achieved according to the features of claim 1, of claim 7, and of claim 17.

The textile concrete reinforcing grid element according to the invention is formed at least by a first fiber layer and a second fiber layer, wherein the first fiber layer is formed from at least one weft bundle, which is laid in a meandering course in a first direction A, and wherein the second fiber layer of a plurality of spaced apart standing fiber bundles is formed and the standing fiber bundles are arranged in a direction B different from the first direction. Further advantageously, the two fiber layers are interconnected at their intersection points.

Fiber bundles advantageously mean at least one fiber, more preferably at least two fibers, even more advantageously a multiplicity of fibers, which are arranged parallel to one another and advantageously adjacent to one another as a bundle. For example, it is conceivable that a fiber bundle has a number of fibers in the range of 1 to 350,000. The stronger the fiber bundle is formed, the better is its power in the installed state, for example in a precast concrete part.

For the formation of the first fiber layer, it has proved to be advantageous to arrange at least one weft bundle running meandering. Meandering is advantageously understood to mean a course of the weft bundle in the concrete reinforcing grid element which has both straight sections and adjoining curved sections, the curved sections in turn transitioning into straight sections, etc.

The provision of the at least one weft fiber bundle is not intended to be limiting, so that it is also conceivable to provide a plurality of weft fiber bundles, for example two, three or four weft fiber bundles, advantageously arranged parallel to one another, in a meandering course. The more such weft bundles are provided, the more stable the concrete reinforcing grid element is formed and the higher force loads can be taken in the concreted state, for example in a precast concrete part, to avoid cracking. In the simplest case, the plurality of weft fiber bundles are formed parallel to each other and adjacent to each other. But it is also conceivable that, for example, two Although weft fiber bundles are arranged parallel to one another but spaced from one another. Such a complaint can be formed for example by additionally introduced binding fibers and / or spacer fibers in the form of pile threads. As a result, the concrete reinforcement grid element is then designed as a multiaxial concrete reinforcement grid element.

To form the second fiber layer, a plurality of standing fiber bundles are advantageously arranged parallel to one another and at a distance from one another.

In addition, the weft fiber bundles of the first fiber layer and the standing fiber bundles of the second fiber layer are arranged at a predeterminable angle from each other, so that a lattice structure with numerous passage openings, which can also be referred to as mesh results. In the simplest embodiment, the first fiber layer and the second fiber layer are arranged orthogonal to one another. This is of course not limiting, so that it is also conceivable that the second fiber layer is arranged at a predeterminable angle of not equal to 90 °. For example, it is conceivable that the second fiber layer is arranged offset at an angle of 45 ° and / or 60 ° to the first fiber layer.

The geometry of the passage openings results from the arrangement of the first fiber layer to the second fiber layer.

In the simplest embodiment, the weft fiber bundles of the first fiber layer are arranged perpendicular to the standing fiber bundles of the second fiber layer. This results in both the lattice structure of the straight arranged fiber bundles and this offset by 90 °, arranged straight portions of the weft fiber bundles, so that consequently result in rectangular and / or square passage openings. This orthogonal arrangement of the two layers to each other is particularly advantageous because this good stability and power absorption capability can be ensured.

In addition, the arrangement of the two layers to each other by the particular type of binding used, such as fringe, fringe with staggered filament, jersey, cloth, satin or velvet laying optionally as Einzellegung and / or as a double laying and / or optionally same or gegenlegig and / or optionally with rectilinear filament and / or staggered filament or the like.

But it is also conceivable to arrange the two fiber layers to each other at a different, predeterminable angle, so that, for example, a triangular, diamond-shaped, round, trapezoidal or other polygonal geometry of the passage openings is formed.

Further advantageously, the passage openings of a layer are all the same size. A distance between the fiber bundles to one another in the range from 0.5 cm to 50 cm, more advantageously in the range from 1 cm to 8 cm, has proved to be particularly advantageous. This distance of the fiber bundles from one another corresponds essentially to the edge length of the passage openings and / or their diameter. Due to the advantageous size of the passage openings in the range of 1 cm to 8 cm, it can be ensured that liquid material, such as concrete or asphalt, depending on its largest grain, can easily and quickly flow through the passage openings of the grid element. Thus, a quick processing of the liquid concrete can be ensured, in addition, also a good connection between concrete and concrete reinforcement grid element is achieved.

This is of course not to be understood as limiting, since the meshes in their geometry and size can also be formed differently within the concrete reinforcement grid element. An asymmetrical mesh geometry and / or size is advantageous if an increased bending force stress is to be accommodated in predeterminable sections of the concrete reinforcement grid element. This is advantageously realized by smaller mesh distances to each other.

The grating element according to the invention is further formed of fibers, advantageously of high-performance fibers with a high modulus of elasticity in the range of 160 to 320 GPa, more preferably in the range of 220 to 260, more preferably of 240 GPa. The fibers may be formed as mineral fibers such as glass fibers or wollastonite fibers. Furthermore, it is also conceivable to form the fibers as carbon fibers, polymer fibers, polyolefin fibers, such as polypropylene and / or polyethylene, aramid fibers, basalt fibers, (non) oxidic ceramic fibers, such as consisting of aluminum oxide or silicon carbide, natural fibers. Of course, this is not limiting, so that it is also conceivable to form the respective fiber bundles with a plurality of such high-performance fibers with a high modulus of elasticity, for example with a mixture of aramid fiber carbon fibers or a mixture of glass fiber carbon fibers, wherein advantageously the carbon fiber content in the range from 5% to 45% by weight. In the simplest case, the different fiber types of a respective fiber bundle are randomly distributed in the fiber bundle. However, it has also been shown for increased stability and improved tensile strength that a controlled arrangement of a core-shell structure is advantageous. In this case the carbon fibers are formed as a core, which is enclosed by the second type of fiber as a sheath.

The core of the concrete reinforcement grid element according to the invention is that the at least one weft fiber bundle of the first fiber layer is formed at least in lateral areas relative to the second fiber layer as laterally protruding fiber arcs, each fiber sheet has at least two attachment areas, at which the fiber sheets of the first fiber layer fixed with outer standing fiber bundles the second fiber layer are connected. The attachment is advantageously carried out by at least one at least partially formed coating at the intersections of standing fiber bundles and weft bundles in the loop area. Furthermore, a complete coating of concrete reinforcement grid element is conceivable. Alternatively, it is also conceivable to form only the loops and their attachment area coated, so that there is a solid, but flexible composite. Furthermore, as an alternative, it is conceivable to realize the attachment regions via additional binding threads, which allows a firm connection of loops and outer standing fiber bundles. Furthermore, other types of attachment are conceivable, such as fusing, welding or bonding by means of at least one adhesive material.

The regions of the first fiber layer projecting beyond the second standing fiber layer are formed continuously by the weft fiber bundle. This is advantageous since the meander-shaped course of the first fiber layer makes it possible to form laterally protruding, laterally protruding fiber arcs. It has now proved to be particularly advantageous to make these outwardly closed fiber sheets of the first fiber layer variable in size and / or outline.

Particularly advantageously, the fiber sheets are variably formed in their curvature and always form with the standing fiber bundle, with which they are firmly connected in mounting areas, only in these attachment areas common contact surfaces. The curved course of the fiber sheets themselves always an opening is formed by which the maximum curvature of each fiber sheet is spaced from the opposite standing fiber bundle. The provision of the fiber sheets, which advantageously laterally project beyond the second fiber layer, also serves to improve the absorption of force in a concrete state of the concrete reinforcement grid element in a precast concrete element as well as improved bending tensile properties and higher thread extraction values.

In this way it can further be ensured that when laying the concrete reinforcement grid element according to the invention, for example in a precast concrete part such as a concrete floor or a concrete wall, the outwardly closed areas of the first fiber layer can be used to fix the Betonbewehrungsgitterelements to the concrete reinforcement grid element before casting with concrete in to hold and fix the corresponding position. This is correspondingly necessary because the concrete reinforcing grid element according to the invention, which is also to be designated as a high-performance reinforced concrete reinforcing grid element, has a very low dead weight and easily floats in the liquid concrete.

Further advantageous embodiments will become apparent from the dependent claims.

In a further advantageous embodiment, the fiber sheets are formed as loops.

The loops are advantageously formed by the meander-shaped weft fiber bundle, which is advantageously designed as a continuous fiber bundle. It has also proven to be advantageous to make the loops variable in their diameter and / or outline. As a result, the concrete reinforcement grid element described here can be manufactured individually for each application, so that, for example, depending on the number of loops, the loop diameter or the loop thickness, the removal of the tensile load in the finished concrete part is adjustable. Loop inside diameters have proven to be particularly advantageous in the range from 0.5 cm to 12 cm, more advantageously from 2 cm to 6 cm. With this loop inner diameter particularly good bonding properties such as bending properties in the laid, concreted state are connected.

Consequently, there is an axial concrete reinforcement grid element with a mesh structure which has additional lateral, continuously formed loops. In the simplest case, the lateral arrangement of the loops is understood to mean that the loops are arranged in the same plane as the first fiber layer. The loops thus form an angle of 180 ° with the first fiber layer. But it is also conceivable that the loops are formed laterally offset from the first fiber layer at a predeterminable angle. For example, the loops can be arranged at a bent angle of +/- 90 ° with respect to the plane spanned by the first fiber layer. Angles of +/- 45 ° have proven to be particularly advantageous, since this likewise allows the tensile load absorption in a concrete state in a precast concrete element to be significantly increased.

The individual vote, it is also possible to arrange the loops all within a plane or even individually form each loop with a predeterminable bent angle.

In a further advantageous embodiment, the fiber sheets are U-shaped and / or drop-shaped. This is advantageous because the bonding properties with the concrete as well as the thread pull-out values and bending tensile properties can be markedly improved by this special geometric design of the fiber sheets.

The U-shaped design of the fiber sheets represents the simplest embodiment. Each loop here has two legs, with which it is fixed to the adjacent standing fiber bundle in the attachment areas. Both legs are spaced apart by a curved base formed. Advantageously, the base and standing fiber bundles are arranged opposite one another and likewise spaced from each other by an opening. Particularly advantageous in the two legs formed symmetrically to each other. For improved tensile load absorption, the aspect ratio of leg to base in the ratio of 1.5: 1; 2: 1; 2.5: 1; 3: 1; 3.5: 1; 4: 1; 4.5: 1; 5: 1; 5.5: 1; or 6: 1 selected. Thus, the leg-base ratio also determines the size of the opening, more preferably its inner diameter. However, this is not limiting, as leg-to-base ratios of 1: 1.5; 1: 2; 1: 2.5; 1: 3; 1: 3.5; 1: 4; 1: 4.5; 1: 5; 1: 5.5 or 1: 6 are conceivable. All these ratios have in common that they form a sufficiently large opening between thighs, base and standing fiber bundles. Particularly advantageous sizes have been found for the inner diameter in the range of 0.5 to 12 cm.

A drop-shaped geometry of the loops is also advantageous for improved tensile load absorption and crack prevention in the concreted state. In this case, the attachment portions of the respective fiber sheet are arranged closer to each other than is the case in the U-shaped configuration of the loops. The formation of the loops as double loops, for example in the form of a standing "8" has proven by the additional fiber bundle crossing advantageous for crack prevention and power absorption.

In a further advantageous embodiment, at least one defect is formed between two adjacent fiber sheets of the first fiber layer. This alternating arrangement of the fiber sheets is conditioned when only one weft bundle, which is advantageously designed as a continuous fiber bundle, is used to form the fiber sheets. Already with the provision of this one weft fiber bundle and the resulting, alternating arrangement of the fiber sheets improved power absorption in the concreted state, for example in a precast concrete part, possible.

In a further advantageous embodiment, the textile concrete reinforcement grid element has at least one further, third fiber layer, which is arranged in a meandering pattern against the first fiber layer and the third fiber layer is formed at least in lateral areas relative to the second fiber layer as laterally protruding fiber arcs, each fiber sheet at least has two attachment areas at which the fiber sheets of the first fiber layer are fixedly connected to outer standing fiber bundles of the second fiber layer.

This is advantageous because it allows the above-described defects between two loops to be filled up so that a continuous loop formation is ensured. This additionally increases the stability of the concrete reinforcing grid element, so that even greater tensile stress can be dissipated in the finished concrete part and thereby cracking in concrete part itself is prevented.

For this purpose, first and third fiber layers are advantageously arranged alternately, parallel and spaced from one another. The formation of the loops of the first and third fiber layers may in the simplest case be the same, so that the loops formed by the first fiber layer and the loops formed by the third fiber layer have the same diameter and the same outline.

However, this is not to be understood as limiting, so that it is also conceivable to make the loops of the first fiber layer smaller than the loops of the third fiber layer or vice versa. As a result, a targeted Zugkraftabführung be achieved from the later concrete part.

Furthermore, it is conceivable that all three fiber layers are formed from the same type of fibers. But it is also conceivable that each of the three fiber layers is formed of a different type of fibers. For example, the first fiber layer can be made of glass fibers, the second fiber layer of polyolefin fibers and the third fiber layer of carbon fibers.

Depending on the choice of fiber concrete reinforcing grid element can be embedded directly uncoated after manufacture in liquid concrete and to reinforce this accordingly hardened state. Are the fibers used in the concrete reinforcement grid element out? Plastic fibers selected, for example, polyester fibers or polyolefin fibers, so the concrete reinforcement grid element produced therefrom can be laid directly uncoated.

In addition, for additional stabilization of the concrete reinforcement grid element described here is conceivable to form this coated. It is advantageous to use coatings, for example of plastic and / or silane-containing sizes. These coatings prove to be necessary when the concrete reinforcing grid element is formed, for example, only of glass fiber bundles. The glass fibers themselves have a low corrosion resistance in the liquid or hardened concrete, so that it requires an additional treatment in order to ensure the desired reinforcement properties for a long time.

The coating with at least one plastic and / or a silane-containing size results in a core-shell structure for the individual fiber bundles. The coating significantly reduces the susceptibility to corrosion of the concrete reinforcement grid element and at the same time maintains its flexibility and flexibility. The plastic coating and / or the application of the size is carried out as finishing step after the concrete reinforcement grid element has been laid in its desired size, mesh size and loop number and / or woven and / or knitted.

For an improved power dissipation in the finished concrete part, it has also proven to be advantageous, the loops coated several times and / or form with a thicker coating layer and / or sizing. As a result, it is possible to achieve a property improvement for the removal of force as well as for the improvement of the adhesive bond between loops and liquid concrete or hardened concrete.

Furthermore, it is conceivable to at least partially wrap the fiber bundles of the concrete reinforcing grid element with at least one fiber and / or fiber bundles, which react to an external application. In the raw state, this wrap is loose, so that the fibers of the fiber bundles are held, but not firmly fixed.

The at least one Umwindefaser and / or the Umwindefaserbündel reacts particularly advantageous to temperature changes. Thus, it is conceivable to form the inserted fiber (s) in such a way that they melt when the temperature is applied and then contract. In addition to melting, it is also conceivable that when the temperature is applied, the polymer chains, from which the inserted fiber (s) are composed, perform a contraction and transition from an elongated conformation into a tangle. This also affects their longitudinal extent. This will be shortened. Depending on the choice of polymer chains, this conformational change may be reversible or irreversible. Advantageously, the inserted Umwindefaser (s) of polypropylene and / or polyethylene are formed.

Another embodiment provides that the fiber (s) used can also be formed as monofilaments and undergo a chemical transformation by the temperature and the chemical material structure changes such that a shortening results particularly advantageously in longitudinal extension. This can be done for example by an additional polymerization.

Advantageously, the fiber (s) used are shrinkable formed by applying temperature. This allows a much cheaper production of the concrete reinforcement grid element than with known knitted fabrics of the prior art. Due to the formation of the thread elements of the spacer fabric as thermally reactive, the Umwindefaser (s) used can be selectively applied to an elevated temperature. As a result, the binder fibers (n) pull together in a controlled manner and guide the still loosely arranged fibers of the fiber bundles toward each other and ultimately fix them. Thus, an additional stabilization of the fiber bundles can be achieved. In addition, the surface is enlarged, so that the adhesive properties can be significantly improved with the material to be reinforced. For example, it is conceivable to form the binding fiber (s) from thermosensitive polymer, for example polyethylene and / or polypropylene.

This is not meant to be limiting, but merely as an advantageous embodiment. In addition to the thermosensitive thread elements thread elements are also included in the invention, which are pH-sensitive and / or pressure-sensitive and / or UV-sensitive and / or sound-sensitive and / or gas-sensitive, so that with the appropriate loading of the thread elements also their longitudinal extent changed, advantageously shortened.

• a. Vorlegen wenigstens eines ersten Schussfaserbündels in mäanderförmigem Verlauf um vertikal sich an oben erstreckende Bolzen einer Schussfaserführungskette zur Ausbildung einer ersten Faserlage als Faservorlage durch einen ersten Schusswagen;
• b. Fixieren des mäanderförmigen Verlaufs des Schussfaserbündels durch die sich vertikal nach oben erstreckenden, in ihrer Größe und/oder Durchmesser verändernden Bolzen;
• c. Transport der ersten Faserlage zum Wirkkopf hin;
• d. Durchführen eines Wirkprozesses mit Einbringen von Stehfaserbündeln als zweite Faserlage in Transportrichtung am Wirkkopf, wobei die eingebrachten Stehfaserbündel der zweiten Faserlage in einem vorbestimmbaren Winkel versetzt zur ersten Faserlage derart eingebracht werden, dass die erste Faserlage als Faserbögen teilweise seitlich über die zweite Faserlage übersteht und Einbringen von Bindefasern durch wenigstens einen Grundbarren, welche die beiden Faserlagen zur Ausbildung eines textilen Betonbewehrungsgitterelements sowohl an Kreuzungspunkten sowie an Befestigungsbereichen miteinander verbinden;
• e. Abziehen des entstandenen textilen Betonbewehrungsgitterelements von der Schussfaserführungskette mittels einem einfachen und/oder zweifachen Warenabzugssystem.

Furthermore, the present invention also relates to a method for producing a textile concrete reinforcement grid element according to at least one of the preceding claims, comprising at least the following steps:

• a. Presenting at least one first weft bundle in a meandering pattern about vertically extending upwardly extending bolts of a weft fiber guide chain to form a first Fiber layer as a fiber template by a first shotgun;
• b. Fixing the meandering course of the weft bundle through the vertically upwardly extending, changing in size and / or diameter bolt;
• c. Transport of the first fiber layer towards the knitting head;
• d. Performing a knitting process with introduction of standing fiber bundles as a second fiber layer in the transport direction at the knitting head, wherein the introduced standing fiber bundles of the second fiber layer offset at a predeterminable angle to the first fiber layer are introduced such that the first fiber layer as fiber arches partially protrudes laterally beyond the second fiber layer and introducing Binder fibers by at least one base bar, which connect the two fiber layers to form a textile concrete reinforcement grid element both at intersections and attachment areas together;
• e. Pulling off the resulting textile Betonbewehrungsgitterelements of the weft fiber guide chain by means of a simple and / or double fabric removal system.

As a particular core idea of the method described here, the first method step a) is to be seen, in which first the weft bundle, which is advantageously designed as a continuous weft fiber bundle, is presented in a meandering course through the first wagon and that advantageously transverse to the transport direction.

For this purpose, the weft bundle chain has a plurality of bolts, which are advantageously arranged in two mutually parallel but spaced-apart rows. Both rows extend in the transport direction and are to be understood as time-limiting elements. The two rows of bolts consequently span between them a surface portion in which the standing fiber bundles are introduced during the execution of the knitting process for forming the lattice structure. Particularly advantageously, each of the two outermost, introduced standing fiber bundles are spaced from the bolts, inserted between them or have with each bolt of both bolt rows on a common contact surface. In this arrangement, it is always ensured that only the weft bundles guided around the bolts are protruding laterally and that the standing fiber bundles are always acted upon between the two rows of bolts and / or that they are woven and / or inserted.

In addition, advantageously, in addition to the first fiber layer, another, meandering, weft bundle bundle is additionally presented as a third fiber layer opposite the first fiber layer. This serves for uniform formation of the fiber sheets, which protrude laterally the second fiber layer. Thus, an improved power combination with the liquid and / or hardened concrete as well as an improved force absorption in the finished precast concrete part can be provided.

Furthermore, it has proven to be advantageous, additional process step, if this is finished in a coating device after removing the textile Betonbewehrungsgitterelements. As a result, the corrosion resistance and the stability of the concrete reinforcement grid element can advantageously be improved if corrodible glass fibers are used. By coating, for example, a plastic coating and / or a silane-containing size can be understood.

In a further advantageous method step, the concrete reinforcement grid element is immersed in at least one plastic solution and / or plastic dispersion during the finishing step and / or pulled through. Foulard impregnation baths have proven to be particularly advantageous. This is of course not to be understood as limiting, so that it is also conceivable to provide other application possibilities, such as steaming, spraying instead of diving. Thermosetting, aqueous polymer dispersions, such as, for example, SBR, styrene-butadiene and / or acrylate coatings, are particularly advantageously used for the coating. In addition, solvent-containing or solvent-free polymer dispersions can also be used. Advantageously, the coatings are applied with a layer thickness of 10 nm to 1000 .mu.m, more preferably from 50 nm to 500 .mu.m.

Finally, it has also proved to be an advantageous, further method step if, following the finishing, the textile concrete reinforcing grid element is dried and / or finished. The drying is necessary in that the plastic coating and / or the sizing crosslinks and forms a stable and solid surface. The drying process is carried out by applying temperature and / or microwave radiation and / or UV radiation.

For confectioning cutting elements are advantageously provided which intersect the concrete reinforcement grid element in predeterminable sizes.

Furthermore, the present invention relates to a knitting machine for producing a textile concrete reinforcement grid element, as described above, and / or for carrying out the method, as described above, comprising at least one Transport system with at least one weft fiber guide chain for transporting the first and / or third fiber layer towards a knitting head and / or transport of the textile concrete reinforcement grid element away from the knitting head, the weft fiber guide chain having a plurality of vertically upwardly extending bolts for guiding and / or fixing the at least one weft fiber bundle of the first and / or third fiber layer transverse to a transport direction, at least one wagon for presenting the at least one weft fiber bundle of the first fiber layer in a meandering course around the bolts of the weft fiber guide chain around as a fiber template, a knitting head for performing a knitting process, wherein the knitting head has a plurality of active elements to act from the individual fiber layers the textile concrete reinforcement grid element and / or to lay and / or weave and at least one fabric removal system for deduction of the textile concrete reinforcement grid element of de r weft fiber guide chain.

Of course, the embodiment described above execution of the weft fiber guide chain is not limited to a chain element, so that it is also conceivable, for example, a plastic belt or a plastic hinge with the appropriate bolt form and provide in the transport system.

The knitting machine has at least one transport system. In addition to the weft fiber guide chain, the transport system has at least one drive unit, for example a servomotor, by means of which the weft fiber guide chain is moved in the transport direction. The direction of transport is to be understood as meaning the direction in which the weft fiber guide chain runs in front of the knitting head and runs along this path after the knitting head.

The weft fiber guide chain has a plurality of bolts, which can also be understood as lateral boundaries of the weft fiber guide chain. The bolts are arranged in rows in the transport direction one behind the other.

If the at least one weft fiber bundle of the first fiber layer is then placed around the bolts of the weft fiber guide chain, then the fiber bows formed to the outside result, whereby the weft fiber bundle runs perpendicular to the transport direction in the surface area which is clamped purely by the two rows of bolts. The diameter and / or the outline of the fiber sheets thus depends on the shape of the respective bolt. The presentation of the at least one weft bundle is carried out with a wagon, advantageously with simultaneous movement of the weft fiber guide chain in the transport direction towards the knitting head.

The knitting head itself is arranged and provided for carrying out the knitting process. For this purpose, the knitting head on a variety of active elements, such as ground bar, fiber bundle stock, guide bar, combing comb and Vorbringerbarre on. During the knitting process, in addition to the first meander-shaped, laid fiber layer, the standing fiber bundles for forming the second fiber layer in the transport direction are advantageously introduced parallel to one another and at a distance from one another. For lateral formation of the fiber sheets of the first fiber layer, the standing fiber bundles are introduced to a maximum on the inside of the bolt in the transport direction.

For an additional stabilization of the first and second fiber layers to each other binding fibers are further introduced in the knitting process, which arrange first and second fiber layer at intersection points together. The fixation is advantageously carried out by firm entanglement of the two fiber layers with the binder fibers. The binding fibers are formed as individual fibers and / or as fiber bundles.

In a further advantageous embodiment, a second shotgun is further arranged for the meandering laying of another weft fiber bundle, wherein the two shot wagons are arranged in opposite directions to each other. This is advantageous since in this way first and third fiber layers are presented meandering around the bolts of the weft fiber guide chain, so that continuous fiber bows result and the defects between two fiber sheets of the first fiber layer are canceled and filled by a fiber sheet of the third fiber layer.

In a further advantageous embodiment of the knitting machine, the two shot-wagons are arranged on two separately trained wagon carriage guides, both shot-wagons being independent or dependent to move from each other. This is advantageous because the loop formation in the meander shape are not exactly opposite each other, but offset from each other. By opposing weft yarn is always alternately formed on the right and left a loop, so that and thus the flow of force is entered in a straight line. The forces are thus introduced over the entire width or over the entire length of the overlap in the weft fiber bundles and / or standing fiber bundles of a loop to the opposite.

In a further advantageous embodiment of the knitting machine, the latter has an online and / or downstream of the fabric removal system. Coating device for refining the concrete reinforcement grid element. The on-line provision of the coating device is advantageous since the concrete reinforcement grid element can be fed out of the knitting head directly after the knitting and / or weaving and / or weaving out of the coating device. As a result, work steps, costs and time can be saved and direct further processing can be ensured. However, this is not limiting, so that it is also conceivable to provide the coating device offline, and thus not as part of the knitting machine.

Advantageously, the coating device is designed as a 2- or multi-roll padder with impregnating bath, which also advantageously has two squeezing rollers or several squeezing rollers for controlled squeezing of the coating material from the coated concrete reinforcing grid element in addition to a dip bath containing the coating material. Furthermore, it is also possible to use a sanding system for applying sand to the at least partially liquid coating material, so that an increase in surface area is formed after the coating material has hardened and the adhesive bond to the concrete can be significantly increased.

Furthermore, it is conceivable to refine the concrete reinforcement grid element in that the coating device has at least one vapor deposition unit or spraying unit or doctor unit for applying the at least one plastic coating and / or silane-containing size.

Depending on the design of the concrete reinforcement grid element, however, it is also conceivable that it is removed from the weft fiber guide chain via a simple and / or double fabric removal system before being fed into the coating device. This is advantageous because a secure guidance of the webs is ensured by the fabric removal system in order to obtain a better quality and reproducible quality and consistent tension in the textile. The further transport into the coating device can take place, for example, with a further weft fiber guide chain, which is of the same design as the first weft fiber guide chain. However, other transport chain elements are conceivable.

In a further advantageous embodiment, the knitting machine further comprises a packaging unit, which has a drying system and / or cutting system and / or a goods winding system. Advantageously, the packaging unit is also arranged online and provided, for example, behind the coating unit or after the fabric removal system. If the knitting machine has an on-line coating unit, then a downstream drying system is advantageous in order to dry and harden the coating and / or the size. For this purpose, the drying system can advantageously have a heating element for applying the temperature of the concrete reinforcing grid element and / or a microwave source and / or a UV source. Especially with plastic coatings, radiation sources, such as microwave or UV, prove to be advantageous initiators for the necessary crosslinking and curing.

If no on-line coating unit is required, it can also be advantageously dispensed with a drying system. In this case, after the fabric removal system, only one cutting system and / or one goods wrapping machine follows. The control system is advantageous in order to assemble the concrete reinforcement grid element in predeterminable sizes. If this is not desired, the concrete reinforcement grid element can be rolled up in a roll-shaped manner on a goods winding installation in roll form, in order to be finally cut to size as needed.

Furthermore, the present invention provides a particularly advantageous transport system for a knitting machine described above and / or for transporting meandering fibrous webs and / or for transporting the textile concrete reinforcing grid element described above, comprising at least one weft fiber guide chain for transporting meandering fibrous webs and / or or the textile Betonbewehrungsgitterelements and at least one drive unit for controlling the advance speed of the Schussfaserführungskette in the transport direction, wherein the Schussfaserführungskette a plurality of vertically upwardly extending bolts for guiding and / or fixing the at least one weft bundle of the first and / or third fiber layer transverse to a transport direction having.

In a further advantageous embodiment, the bolts are arranged on and / or in the vicinity of the outer edges of the weft thread guide chain and advantageously form a limiting element.

In a further advantageous embodiment, the bolts are formed variable in diameter and / or outline. By changing the diameter and / or outline of the bolt, the size and / or the outline of the fiber bows guided around the bolts is also automatically changed. Thus, individual consideration can be given to the respective fields of application of the concrete reinforcement grid element and the fiber bows always be formed individually by the bolt change.

The bolts are advantageously made of metal and / or plastic. Metal has the advantage that the bolts have a long service life and only slight signs of wear. The formation of the plastic bolts, advantageously of at least one elastomer, is particularly suitable when the bolts are to be changed in size by air supply and / or air discharge. Due to the elastic and flexible design of the bolt whose size and / or outline can be changed by air supply and / or air discharge. In this case, however, it must always be ensured that the bolts have a certain inherent rigidity, so that the weft fiber bundle does not change the size and / or the outline of the bolts during the meandering laying. Such a change is made possible only by air supply and / or air removal.

Advantageously, the bolts in their starting position, that is, the unchanged size and / or the unchanged outline on an outer diameter in the range of 0.5 to 12 cm. Particularly advantageously, the outer diameter of the bolt is designed to be at least twice to ten times larger. In the simplest case, the outline of the bolt is round. This allows, for example, the above-described U-shaped and / or teardrop-shaped design of the loops. This is of course not to be understood as limiting, so that the bolts can also have a somewhat different outline, for example angular, ellipsoidal or polygonal. It should be noted that in one of approximately different training, the edges of the bolts are advantageously always rounded to protect the fiber bundles from damage or kinking.

In a further advantageous embodiment, the diameter and / or contour change of each bolt is pneumatically, mechanically, electronically or hydraulically adjustable. So it is conceivable that each bolt is expanded with, for example, an originally round cross-section, for example, by dividing in half and the two semicircular part pins are moved away from each other. In the simplest case, this movement can be made possible mechanically, for example by means of spring elements or toothed wheels, which can move the two semicircular part-bolts both away from one another and toward one another. In addition, it is conceivable to control these mechanical elements electronically. Alternatively, it is also conceivable to implement the outline change and / or size change of the bolts pneumatically or hydraulically. For this purpose, suitable pistons are advantageously provided.

In a further advantageous embodiment, the bolts are designed as clamping units. This is advantageous, since in this way the concrete reinforcing grid element is additionally kept stable during transport to the knitting head in and / or away from the knitting head. In addition, the bolts designed as clamping units also prove to be advantageous during the knitting process, since the meandering, at least one weft bundle, ie the fiber master, is held in position when the standing fiber bundles and / or the binding fibers are introduced during the knitting process be and be connected to the at least one weft bundle. Advantageously, the clamping effect results from the fact that after the meandering laying of the at least one weft bundle around the bolts, the bolts are widened in their size and / or in their outline and thus a clamping action and / or clamping action is formed.

Furthermore, the present invention also relates to the use of a concrete reinforcing grid element, as described above, as a flexible high performance reinforcement in road construction, building construction and / or bridge construction as well as for repair and / or reinforcement of precast concrete, plastic matrices for heavy duty components, asphalt pavements or earthen areas, such as slopes.

Moreover, the present invention also relates to the use of a concrete reinforcing grid element manufactured according to the method described above in road construction, building construction and / or bridge construction as well as for the repair and / or reinforcement of precast concrete parts, plastic matrices for heavy duty components, asphalt floors or earth areas, such as slopes.

Finally, the present invention also relates to the use of a concrete reinforcement grid element made with a knitting machine described above for use in road construction, building construction and / or bridge construction as well as repair and / or reinforcement of precast concrete, plastic matrices for heavy duty components, asphalt pavements or earth areas, such as heavy slopes.

Advantages and expediencies can be found in the following description in conjunction with the drawing. Hereby show:

1 a detail of a first embodiment of a concrete reinforcement grid element;

2 a plan view of another embodiment of a concrete reinforcement grid element;

3 a plan view of another embodiment of a concrete reinforcement grid element;

4 a plan view of another embodiment of a concrete reinforcement grid element;

5 a plan view of another embodiment of a concrete reinforcement grid element; and

6a a schematic side view of a knitting machine; and

6b a schematic plan view of the knitting machine 6a ,

In 1 is a section of a first embodiment of the concrete reinforcement grid element 1 shown. In a first direction A are the weft fiber bundles 2 arranged. In the embodiment shown here are each two weft fiber bundles 2 arranged parallel to each other and by binding fibers 4 spaced apart. The binding fibers are advantageous 4 designed as pile threads. It can also be seen that the weft bundles 2 both a straight area 6 as well as loops 8th exhibit. The loops are advantageous 8th over the attachment areas 10 with the standing in the direction B standing fiber bundles 12 firmly formed trained. Advantageous are other binding fibers 14 provided to the weft bundles 2 with the standing fiber bundles 12 to connect at their crossing areas.

Advantageously, in this embodiment shown, a plurality of standing fiber bundles 12 in the direction B parallel to each other and also spaced from each other, so that there is a regular grid structure. Advantageous are standing fiber bundles 12 and weft bundles 2 arranged orthogonal to each other.

2 shows a plan view of another embodiment of a concrete reinforcement grid element 1 , wherein the same reference numerals as described above also correspond to identical components. In this plan view, the alternating formation of the loops 8th clear. It can be seen that the at least one weft bundle 2 has a meandering course, so that an alternating loop formation in the change from left to right caused. It can also be seen that between two mutually adjacent loops 8th one defect each 16 is trained. In addition, the in 2 shown top view that the introduced standing fiber bundles 12 be presented in the transport direction T and the at least one weft fiber bundle 2 transverse to the transport direction T is presented as a fiber template. The standing fiber bundles 12 are introduced in the transport direction T only during the knitting process itself.

3 shows another possible embodiment of a concrete reinforcement grid element 1 , wherein also here the same reference numerals as already stated above, also correspond to the same components. The concrete reinforcement grid element shown here 1 has both weft bundles 2 as well as standing fiber bundles 12 on, which laterally in loops 8th are arranged. In the 3 illustrated embodiment of the concrete reinforcement grid element 1 shows an evolution of the in 2 shown concrete reinforcement grid element 1 , This is advantageous, since thus particularly strong acting forces can be absorbed. The concrete reinforcement grid element 1 For example, can be prepared by first both weft fiber bundles 2 as well as standing fiber bundles 12 meandering and then fixing the loops 8th and / or the entire concrete reinforcement grid element 1 takes place, for example with a curable polymer dispersion, welding or gluing.

4 shows a plan view of another advantageous embodiment of a concrete reinforcement grid element 1 wherein the structure of the concrete reinforcement grid element 1 of the 2 corresponds, so the same reference number also correspond to the same components. In addition, the in 4 embodiment shown another way of finishing the concrete reinforcement grid element 1 in which the individual fiber bundles 2 . 12 with at least one other fiber bundle 18 at least partially wound. By this additional to winding the individual fiber bundles 2 . 12 its surface is built up or uneven, so that thereby an improved adhesion between the fiber bundles 2 . 12 and the liquid concrete (not shown) can be produced. The further fiber bundle 18 For example, it may be formed as Umwindefaserbündel and from the same fiber type, as above for the standing fiber bundles 12 and weft bundles 2 described, be selected.

In 5 is another embodiment of a concrete reinforcement grid element 1 shown here, in addition to the in 4 embodiment shown another fiber layer 20 extending diagonally to the first two fiber layers, formed from weft fiber bundles 2 and standing fiber bundles 12 , is provided. Advantageously results from this 3 , fiber layer 20 a multiaxial concrete reinforcement grid element 1 which has particular stability and force absorption, for example in the concrete state in precast concrete parts (not shown).

In 6A is a side view of a knitting machine 21 shown, which is composed of several units. When 1 , Unity indicates the knitting machine 21 the transport system 22 on which a weft fiber guide chain 24 has, at the sides of a plurality of bolts 26 one behind the other in series in the transport direction T are arranged. To create the meandering fiber backing of the weft bundles 2 are advantageous two shotguns 28 provided, which are arranged in opposite directions to each other and thus a continuous loop formation of the weft fiber bundles 2 around the bolts 26 can ensure around. The weft fiber guide chain 24 moves in the transport direction T to the knitting head 30 towards where the knitting process takes place and standing fiber bundles 12 as well as binding fibers 4 in the fiber template, formed from the standing fiber bundles 2 be introduced so that the Betonbewehrungsgitterelement described here 1 is trained. For this purpose, the knitting head 30 a plurality of active elements (not shown).

After the knitting head 30 and upon completion of the knitting process taking place there, the Betonbewehrungsgitterelement 1 be continued as a web in the transport direction T, ie of the knitting head 30 away in a subsequently arranged coating device 32 into which the surface finishing of the concrete reinforcement grid element 1 is performed. For example, the coating device 32 designed as a padding impregnation bath.

Following can continue a drying unit 34 be provided, which is designed for curing and crosslinking of the coating material. Subsequently, the assembly takes place in the further assembly unit 36 ,

All disclosed in the application documents features are claimed as essential to the invention, provided they are new individually or in combination over the prior art.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

 Concrete reinforcing mesh member

2

 Shutes

4

binder fibers

6

 straight range

8th

 loops

10

 fastening area

12

 Standing fiber bundles

14

 other binding fibers

16

 defects

18

 further fiber bundles

20

 further fiber layer

21

 knitting machine

22

transport system

24

 Fill fiber transmission chain

26

 bolt

28

 weft carriage

30

 active head

32

 coater

34

drying unit

36

 A confection unit

Claims (24)

Textile concrete reinforcement grid element ( 1 ), which is formed at least by a first fiber layer and a second fiber layer, wherein the first fiber layer of at least one weft fiber bundle ( 2 formed in a meandering course in a first direction (A), and wherein the second fiber layer of a plurality of spaced apart standing fiber bundles ( 12 ) is formed and the standing fiber bundles ( 12 ) are arranged in a direction (B) different from the first direction (A), characterized in that the at least one weft bundle ( 2 ) of the first fiber layer at least in lateral areas relative to the second fiber layer as laterally projecting fiber sheets (US Pat. 8th ), each fiber sheet ( 8th ) at least two attachment areas ( 10 ) on which the fiber sheets ( 8th ) of the first fiber layer fixed to outer standing fiber bundles ( 12 ) of the second fiber layer are connected. Textile concrete reinforcement grid element according to claim 1, characterized in that the fiber sheets ( 8th ) as loops ( 8th ) are formed. Textile concrete reinforcing grid element according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the fiber sheets ( 8th ) Are U-shaped and / or drop-shaped. Textile concrete reinforcement grid element according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that between two mutually adjacent arranged fiber sheets ( 8th ) of the first fiber layer at least one defect ( 16 ) is trained. Textile concrete reinforcing grid element according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the textile concrete reinforcing grid element ( 1 ) has at least one further, third fiber layer, which is arranged in a meandering course opposite to the first fiber layer and the third fiber layer at least in lateral areas relative to the second fiber layer as laterally projecting fiber sheets ( 8th ) is trained, each ( 8th ) Fiber web has at least two attachment regions at which the fiber sheets of the first fiber layer are fixedly connected to standing fiber bundles (US Pat. 12 ) of the second fiber layer are connected. Textile concrete reinforcing grid element according to claim 5, characterized in that the fiber sheets ( 8th ) of the third fiber layer in the defects ( 16 ) of the first fiber layer are arranged. A method of producing a textile concrete reinforcement grid element according to at least one of the preceding claims, comprising at least the following steps: a. Presenting at least one first weft fiber bundle ( 2 ) in a meandering pattern around vertical upwardly extending bolts ( 26 ) a weft fiber guide chain ( 24 ) for forming a first fiber layer as a fiber template by a first firing carriage ( 28 ); b. Fixing the meandering course of the weft fiber bundle ( 2 ) by the vertically upwardly extending, in size and / or diameter-changing bolt ( 26 ); c. Transport of the first fiber layer to the knitting head ( 30 ); d. Performing a knitting process with insertion of standing fiber bundles ( 12 ) as a second fiber layer in the transport direction (T) at the knitting head ( 30 ), wherein the introduced standing fiber bundles ( 12 ) of the second fiber layer offset at a predeterminable angle to the first fiber layer are introduced such that the first fiber layer as fiber sheets ( 8th ) partially protrudes laterally beyond the second fiber layer and introducing binding fibers ( 4 ) by at least one base bar, which the two fiber layers for forming a textile concrete reinforcement grid element ( 1 ) at intersections as well as at attachment areas ( 10 ) connect with each other; e. Peeling off the resulting textile concrete reinforcement grid element ( 1 ) from the weft fiber guide chain ( 24 ) by means of a simple and / or double fabric removal system. A method according to claim 7, characterized in that in addition to the first fiber layer at the same time further, meandering weft bundle ( 2 ) is presented as a third fiber layer gegenlegig to the first fiber layer. A method according to claim 7, characterized in that after the removal of the textile Betonbewehrungsgitterelements ( 1 ) this in a coating device ( 32 ) is refined. Method according to claim 9, characterized in that the concrete reinforcement grid element ( 1 ) is dipped into and / or pulled through at least one plastic solution and / or plastic dispersion during the refining step. A method according to claim 19, characterized in that after finishing the textile concrete reinforcing grid element ( 1 ) is dried and / or confectioned. Knitting machine ( 21 ) for producing a textile concrete reinforcement grid element according to at least one of the preceding claims and / or for carrying out the method according to one of claims 7 to 11, comprising a. at least one transport system ( 22 ) with at least one weft fiber guide chain ( 24 ) for transporting the first and / or third fiber layer to a knitting head ( 30 ) and / or for transporting the textile concrete reinforcement grid element ( 1 ) of the knitting head ( 30 ), whereby the weft fiber guide chain ( 34 ) a plurality of vertically upwardly extending bolts ( 26 ) for guiding and / fixing the at least one weft fiber bundle ( 2 ) of the first and / or third fiber layer transversely to a transport direction (T); b. at least one shotgun ( 28 ) for presenting the at least one weft fiber bundle ( 2 ) of the first fiber layer in a meandering course around the bolts ( 26 ) the weft fiber guide chain ( 24 ) around as a fiber master; c. a knitting head ( 30 ) for performing a knitting process, wherein the knitting head ( 30 ) has a plurality of active elements in order to obtain from the individual fiber layers the textile concrete reinforcing grid element ( 1 ) to act and / or to lay and / or to weave; and d. at least one fabric removal system for the withdrawal of the textile concrete reinforcement grid element from the weft fiber guide chain ( 24 ). Knitting machine according to claim 12, characterized in that furthermore a second shotgun ( 28 ) is arranged for meandering laying another weft fiber bundle, wherein the two shot carts ( 28 ) are arranged in opposite directions to each other. Knitting machine according to claim 13, characterized in that the two shotguns ( 28 ) are arranged on two separately trained wagon carriage guides, both shotguns are to move independently or dependent on each other. Knitting machine according to claim 12, characterized in that it further comprises an on-line coating device (15) in front of the fabric removal system ( 32 ) for refining the concrete reinforcement grid element ( 1 ) having. Knitting machine according to claim 12, characterized in that these before and / or after the Fabric removal system furthermore a packaging unit ( 36 ) comprising a drying system ( 34 ) and / or cutting system and / or a Warenwickelanlage. Transport system for a knitting machine ( 21 ) according to at least one of the preceding claims and / or for the transport of meandering fibrous webs and / or for the transport of the textile concrete reinforcing grid element according to at least one of the preceding claims, comprising at least one weft fiber guide chain ( 24 ) for transporting meandering fibrous webs and / or the textile concrete reinforcing grid element and at least one drive unit for controlling the advance speed of the weft fiber guide chain (US Pat. 24 ) in the transport direction (T), wherein the weft fiber guide chain ( 24 ) a plurality of vertically upwardly extending bolts ( 46 ) for guiding and / or fixing the at least one weft fiber bundle ( 2 ) of the first and / or third fiber layer transversely to a transport direction (T). Transport system according to claim 17, characterized in that the bolts ( 26 ) at and / or near the outer edges of the weft fiber guide chain ( 24 ) are arranged. Transport system according to claim 7, characterized in that the bolts ( 26 ) are formed in diameter and / or contour changeable. Transport system according to claim 8, characterized in that the diameter and / or outline change of each bolt ( 26 ) is pneumatically, mechanically, electronically or hydraulically adjustable. Transport system according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the bolts ( 26 ) are designed as clamping units. Use of a grid element according to at least one of claims 1 to 6 as a flexible high-performance reinforcement in road construction, building construction and / or bridge construction. Use of a grid element produced by the method according to at least one of claims 7 to 11 in road construction, building construction and / or bridge construction. Use of a grid element manufactured with a knitting machine according to at least one of claims 12 to 16 in road construction, building construction and / or bridge construction.

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