DE102015201903A1 - Process for plastic joining by means of microwave radiation - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for plastic joining by means of microwave radiation (M), in which at least two components (2) of a vehicle electrical system for a vehicle are assembled, in each case by applying microwave radiation (M) to them and selectively in a respective joining region ( 20) are interconnected.

Description

The invention relates to a method for plastic joining by means of microwave radiation.

The joining of plastics by means of microwave radiation is known in principle. Here, two components, which are made of plastic, activated by means of microwave radiation and in particular materially connected to each other. It is possible to use either microwave-active plastics, which are in direct contact with each other, or alternatively to use an additional microwave-active adhesive, which is placed between the components and there serves as an activator for a bonding effect. In particular, due to the achieved material connection, such compounds are characterized by a particularly good tightness, which is particularly advantageous in the vehicle sector, since often sensitive vehicle components are exposed directly to the weather here.

The application of microwaves is usually carried out in a microwave oven, in which the components to be connected are inserted. The disadvantage here is that the components are acted upon as an assembly as a whole with microwave radiation and possibly their functionality is impaired or further attached to the components parts are even damaged. In particular, in the vehicle sector, there is also the problem that in a vehicle electrical system often components are interconnected, comprising conductive materials and / or electronic components. For example, a so-called power distributor for a vehicle comprises two housing parts, which are to be connected as tightly as possible, wherein electronics are already installed in the housing. In addition, also outgoing from the housing lines are arranged. These then typically each comprise at least one conductor made of an electrically conductive material. Exposing the entire array to microwaves in a microwave oven then potentially leads to flashovers on the conductive parts, possibly damage and a corresponding waste in the production.

In addition, the above-mentioned microwave ovens offer only a limited processing space. Especially in the electrical system area, however, often lines and cables, more specifically, their mostly made of plastic coats to each other or to connect with corresponding components, such as plug or sensor housings or bushings on housings. Due to the length of a corresponding cable, for example, several meters and its usually limp behavior, however, a processing in the closed space of a microwave oven is much more difficult. Furthermore, particularly bulky components, for example entire assemblies, require a correspondingly large space and thus lead to a particularly complex and expensive production.

Proceeding from this, it is therefore an object of the invention to provide a method in which at least two components of a vehicle electrical system for a vehicle in the simplest and most cost-effective manner by means of microwave radiation are connected as closely as possible.

The object is achieved by a method having the features of claim 1. Advantageous embodiments, developments and variants are the subject of the dependent claims.

For this purpose, in a method for plastic jointing by means of microwave radiation, at least two components of an electrical system for a vehicle, each made of a plastic, are assembled by applying microwave radiation to them and being connected to one another in a respective joining region in a spatially selective manner.

The advantages achieved by the invention are in particular that due to the location-selective connection of the two components and particularly large and complex geometries, i. more extensive arrangements of several components, so-called assemblies, are connected to one another in a particularly simple manner. The use of microwave radiation while a particularly dense connection is achieved, in particular without mechanically stressing the components, as is the case for example in ultrasonic welding. In comparison to friction welding, in particular the thermal stress of the components is particularly low.

The at least two components are for use in a vehicle electrical system of a vehicle and are, for example, cables, lines, hoses, insulation, housing, plug or sensor housing, veneers, panels or the like and in particular generally components of an assembly that is part of the electrical system. Such an assembly is for example a power distributor, a sensor arrangement or a fuse or relay box. Common to the components to be joined, that they are each at least partially or completely made of a plastic and a respective plastic portion to be connected to a plastic portion of another component. For example, a component is a conduit with a centrally-managed one Conductor made of a conductive material, such as copper or aluminum, which is surrounded by a plastic cable jacket. This is introduced, for example, in a housing through a bushing and should be attached as close as possible. In general, in particular at least one of the at least two components to an electrical and / or electronic part, which is not made of plastic, but for example, an electrically conductive material whose exposure to microwave radiation is usually disadvantageous, to be avoided and in particular by the site-selective joining also avoided. A component which is not made entirely of plastic and, for example, additionally comprises electronics or a conductor is also referred to as a mixing group.

The two components, more precisely their plastic regions, are connected to each other in particular only in partial regions, the so-called joining regions. In these, the components are connected by exposure to microwave radiation, the other areas of the components are in this case in particular not interconnected. The joining regions are advantageously freely designable, in particular with regard to their geometry, and thus can be adapted individually to the respective application. For example, a respective joining region is formed as one or more strips, as a continuous surface, for example circular or polygonal. In this way, a corresponding location-selective, i. in particular a merely local connection of the two components. In this case, microwave radiation is understood in particular to mean electromagnetic radiation having a frequency in the range from about 1 to 300 GHz.

Non-crosslinked thermoplastics are preferably used for the process. However, crosslinked or crosslinkable plastics, for example elastomers, are also suitable. Also plastic mixtures, so-called blends, as well as block copolymers, which are composed in particular of different types of monomers. A mixture of uncrosslinked and crosslinked plastics is also conceivable.

Preferably, the two plastics, in particular in the joining region are selected such that they are chemically similar, that is, at the molecular level have a similar structure as possible in order to achieve a particularly good connection. A connection is advantageously carried out by a material connection between the two plastics and is then particularly media-tight and robust. In the case of different plastics, which only have poor adhesion to one another, at least one of the plastics is preferably subjected to a pretreatment in order to achieve an improved material bond during subsequent bonding. A suitable pretreatment includes, for example, a chemical treatment for restructuring or modifying the molecular structure of the plastic to be treated at least in the joining region.

Preferably, at least one of the plastics is microwave active and is activated for joining in the joining region by microwave radiation. In this case, a microwave-active plastic is understood in particular as meaning a plastic which absorbs microwave radiation and in this way is in particular heatable. This heating then leads to a melting or melting of the plastic in the joint area and allows a material connection with another plastic, which is already in contact with the heated plastic or brought into contact after or during irradiation. Particularly suitable microwave-active plastics are, for example, polyamide (PA) and epoxy resin. For joining, the microwave-active plastic of the corresponding component in the joining region is then activated by microwave radiation and then pressed against the joining region of the other component in order to achieve a connection. Alternatively, the two components are stacked and subjected to microwave radiation, so that a joining takes place in the joint areas. In an expedient variant, both plastics are microwave-active, which makes the compound particularly stable in the joining regions.

In particular, in order to reduce excessive load on electrical and electronic parts of a mixing group or even to avoid altogether, the frequency of the microwave radiation is expediently varied over time. Since the electrical or electronic parts of different frequencies are usually affected to different degrees, that is to absorb more particularly at certain critical frequencies than other non-critical frequencies, the absorption of microwave radiation is advantageously reduced by a corresponding frequency shift during joining. A corresponding part is then acted upon only for a short compared to the entire duration of the irradiation time interval with critical frequencies and otherwise with uncritical frequencies. In particular, in assemblies having a plurality of different electrical and / or electronic parts to be protected and correspondingly critical frequencies, the proportion of microwave radiation absorbed by the parts is advantageously divided such that each part experiences only an acceptable level of critical radiation or less, and thereby protected from damage due to excessive absorption.

In a particularly preferred embodiment, at least one of the components is made both from a microwave-active plastic and from a microwave-transparent, that is, microwave-inactive plastic, the microwave-active plastic being arranged in the joining region of the component. In this embodiment, a location-selective joining of the two components is possible in a particularly simple manner, in particular also using a microwave oven, i. the irradiation not only of the joining area of the components. Activation then takes place only in the area in which the microwave-active plastic is arranged, that is to say in a location-selective manner in the joining areas. Outside the joint areas, however, only microwave-transparent plastic is arranged, which is not activated accordingly. Suitable microwaveable plastics are, for example, polypropylene (PP) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC). The component made of the two plastics is preferably produced in a so-called two-component process, wherein the word component in the context of the two-component process designates a plastic. Here, the two different plastics are arranged in particular such that the microwave active plastic is arranged only in the respective joining region. In a suitable development, both components are accordingly designed in this way.

In a suitable variant, a microwave-active coating is first applied as activator in at least one of the joining regions before being exposed to microwave radiation. In this way, it is advantageously possible to configure such components, which are not or only insufficiently microwave-active, microwave-active in a spatially selective manner. It is of particular advantage in this case in particular that components which are already connected by means of other methods can also be retrofitted in a particularly simple manner for the joining method by means of microwave radiation, in that the microwave-active coating is applied to these only in the respective joining region. In this way, the method can be particularly cost-effectively integrated into existing production processes. In addition, in particular, an adaptation of the joining areas is possible without having to change the component itself, by merely changing the type and / or dimensioning of the microwave-active coating. The coating is then adhered, printed, sprayed, laminated or applied in a similarly suitable manner, for example in the joining areas. Suitable materials are in principle all microwave-active plastics, but also non-plastics, which are microwave active.

Additionally or in one alternative, in at least one of the joining regions, a microwave-active bonding substance is suitably applied, for example a microwave-active adhesive. By means of this compound substance, it is then possible, in particular, to connect microwave-inactive plastics to each other in a spatially selective manner by applying the connecting substance in the intended joining region. Here are basically a variety of approaches conceivable:
Either the bonding agent is applied in one or both joint areas, then activated and finally the two components brought together, or the two components are brought together, with interposed compound and the entire package is exposed to microwave radiation. Generally, the compound serves as an activator, ie for the absorption of microwave radiation and corresponding heating of the surrounding, in particular microwave transparent plastics. Microwave-active adhesives, in particular based on the microwave-active plastics already mentioned above, are particularly suitable as compound.

In an advantageous embodiment, however, the microwave-active compound is a film of a microwave-active plastic. This is much easier to handle, especially compared to a microwave-active adhesive. In addition, the joining process is simplified in particular to the effect that the film is already provided in prefabricated form, in particular adapted to the joining areas. By this separate preparation also significantly reduced production times can be achieved in the production, whereby the process is overall very cost-effective.

In a suitable embodiment of the microwave active compound is a particular microwave-active, that is non-microwave active plastic, which is admixed with a microwave active additive. In this way, the selection of usable plastics for joining the two components is significantly increased. In particular, when joining components of microwave-inactive plastics, it is then possible to use the same plastic as a compound and form this only by the addition of the microwave-active additive as an activator to a microwave-active plastic. This makes it possible in a particularly simple manner to produce an optimal material connection between a microwave-active and a non-microwave-active plastic, the two plastics are chemically similar and differ only by the added additive.

Also useful is an embodiment such that at least one of the plastics is admixed with a microwave-active additive. For example, this admixture already takes place during the production of the component, more precisely its part made of plastic. Preferably, an admixture of the microwave-active additive takes place only in a location-selective manner, so that application of the entire component by means of microwave radiation only results in a location-selective activation. For example, based on the above-described two-component process, the component is manufactured from the same plastic, for example microwaveable polypropylene, but in different subregions once with and once without a microwave-active additive. In order to enable in particular a location-selective activation in a microwave oven, the microwave-active additive is preferably admixed only in the joining region.

Preferably, the above mentioned in connection with the connecting material and the plastic additive is non-metallic, whereby a particularly good corrosion protection for the respective component is ensured. When using metallic additives, these would possibly lead to corrosion in the component and corresponding damage or at least functional impairment of the component. Furthermore, particularly in the context of potentially existing electronics or cables present in conductors, such conductive additives are particularly unsuitable due to possible short circuits. As a non-metallic additive is particularly suitable carbon black, which is also particularly inexpensive. Also suitable, for example, carbon fibers or various pigments.

In a preferred variant, a location-selective exposure to microwave radiation is realized, in particular, by providing it in a location-selective manner by means of an antenna in that the antenna radiates only into a predetermined and limited spatial area. Accordingly, instead of a microwave oven surrounding the components, an antenna is used, which preferably can be moved freely to the component, for example in the form of a tool fastened to a robot arm. In this embodiment, the space limitation is then advantageously eliminated, so that components of any size and shape are joined together. Preferably, therefore, the microwave radiation is provided by a corresponding antenna, which is moved along the joining areas. In particular, this variant is also suitable for continuous processing or in a production line of series products. Also with regard to the connection of cables or cables to housings, activation by means of an antenna offers a particularly flexible solution, in which, in particular, irradiation of the conductors of the cables with microwave radiation is avoided by a corresponding orientation of the antenna.

The antenna is a microwave antenna, and designed for example as a nozzle-shaped cavity, in which an outlet slot or an outlet opening is introduced, through which in turn the microwave radiation is emitted. By suitable choice of the geometry of the outlet opening, the antenna is also advantageously configured for the particular application. In this case, a radiation of microwave radiation in the directions not provided is avoided in particular by the fact that the cavity is surrounded in the manner of a waveguide of a metallic housing. Such provision of the microwave radiation by means of an antenna then offers a much more flexible and easier handling of the components in the joining process.

Preferably, the method in any of the above-described embodiments or combinations thereof is used to connect a conduit and a housing together. The housing here is in particular a plug or sensor housing, to which the line is added. In particular, a cable jacket of the line is connected to the housing. The connection is advantageously cohesively and in particular location-selective in such a way that during the joining no flashovers are generated by the conductor present in the line. In this way, damage to the arrangement is advantageously avoided.

In an expedient variant, two lines are connected to each other, more precisely their cable shells are joined together at the end by means of microwave radiation. The activation preferably takes place in the manner already described above. In an expedient development, a sleeve or grommet is used as an additional component, which surrounds the lines end and serves to cover and seal the connection point. This additional component is in particular a component in the sense already described.

In a suitable alternative, the two components are a line and a sealing piece and the line is initially provided with a functional element end and then sealed by means of the sealing piece. As a result, a particularly dense insulation or final insulation is achieved. The functional element is in this case first end, that is at a line end of the line attached, in particular fixed, for example crimped or soldered. By the sealing piece, the functional element is then fixed in particular also at the end of the line. The functional element is for example a cable lug, a contacting tab or a contact. The sealing piece is designed in particular in the manner of a sleeve, a spout or a hose, with an inner wall which is at least partially brought into contact with the cable sheath and is then connected to the cable sheath by application of microwave radiation. In a suitable development, the inner wall of the sealing piece is provided with a microwave-active adhesive, which hardens particularly quickly due to the microwave radiation and the two components, namely the line, more precisely the line end, and the functional element connects particularly media-tight.

In a suitable variant, one of the components is added by first casting it onto the other component and then curing it by means of the microwave radiation. This variant is particularly suitable for casting a sensor housing or Sensorverguss to a line, in particular sensor line such that a usually already connected to the line end sensor is directly shed and then cured by microwave radiation is spatially selective, creating a particularly strong connection of sensor housing and line is achieved , The same applies to a connector housing or other end part of a line.

Embodiments of the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to a drawing. In it show schematically:

1 an assembly of a vehicle electrical system in cross section,

2 a variant of the arrangement according to 1 .

3 the arrangement according to 1 in a supervision,

4 a variant of the arrangement according to 3 .

5 the arrangement according to 1 with alternative joining areas,

6 another module of a vehicle electrical system,

7 a potting arrangement for the preparation of the arrangement 6 .

8a and 8b in each case a further module of a vehicle electrical system,

9 an antenna in cross section, and

10 a production line.

In the 1 to 5 are each several components 2 shown an assembly 4 form, the components 2 each are at least partially made of a plastic and are joined together selectively by exposure to microwave radiation. For the module shown here 4 it is a power distributor, which is designed for use in a vehicle electrical system of a vehicle. In this case, the power distributor is used in particular the distribution of electrical power in the vehicle, not shown. The assembly 4 here includes a housing, with a housing shell 6 and a housing cover to be mounted thereon 8th , Im through the housing shell 6 enclosed interior is an electronics 10 arranged, which performs various switching tasks. The assembly 4 further includes in these incoming lines 12 , which are also components 2 represent the electrical system. The lines shown here 12 each have a centrally guided ladder 14 on which of a cable jacket 16 is surrounded. Furthermore, the lines 12 in each case via bushings 18 in the housing shell 6 into it and into the electronics 10 guided.

The assembly 4 should in particular be sealed so that no media, such as dirt or water, can penetrate into the housing interior during operation. This is the case cover 8th with the housing shell 6 connected by a method for plastic joining by means of microwave radiation M. The connection takes place here in joining areas 20 in which the two housing parts 6 . 8th lie together. In the in the 1 Shown embodiment, the connection is made such that the housing shell 6 and the housing cover 8th are initially set to each other and then acted upon by microwave radiation M. The connection is location-selective in such a way that the microwave radiation M only in the joining region 20 is applied, whereby in particular an irradiation of the electronics 10 as well as the leader 14 is avoided as clear 1 can be seen.

In an alternative, the entire arrangement is acted upon by microwave radiation M and a location-selective joining takes place in that the housing parts 6 . 8th only in the joining areas 20 Microwave are active, that is, there is arranged a microwave active plastic or a microwave active additive. For this purpose, for example, in the joining areas 20 a microwave-active plastic arranged such that the respective housing part 6 . 8th is produced in a 2-component process, wherein only in the joint areas 20 a microwave active plastic is used. The not to a joining area 20 belonging areas are then made of a microwave-transparent plastic.

To illustrate an alternative method for joining components 2 , show the 2 in an exploded view, first the arrangement of 1 , wherein between the housing shell 6 and the housing cover 8th additionally a microwave active compound 22 is positioned. In the variant shown here, this is designed as a layer, optionally of a microwave-active plastic or a microwave-transparent plastic, which has been admixed with a microwave-active additive. The housing parts 6 . 8th are each made accordingly from a microwave-transparent plastic. The joining effect is then when exposed to microwave radiation M in particular by the mediating effect of the connecting substance 22 achieved. In other words: the compound 22 acts here as an activator for the Kunststofbeügen.

3 shows the arrangement of 1 and 2 in a plan view and without the housing cover 8th , Clearly recognizable here is the housing side 6 circumferential joining area 20 , which in particular is continuously formed and in this way a particularly good seal after assembly with the housing cover 8th guaranteed.

Another alternative to site-selective plastic joining is in 4 shown, which first the arrangement of 3 shows, where in the joining area 20 a microwave active compound 22 Applied in the manner of an adhesive. This is used when exposed to microwave radiation M as an activator for joining the components 2 , Instead of an adhesive, a microwave-active coating is used as an activator in an alternative, not shown here, previously in the joint areas 20 on the components 2 is applied.

The process is not based on the assembly of housing parts 6 . 8th limited, but rather particularly versatile, as in 5 illustrated variant illustrates. Here is also the arrangement of 1 to 4 but the components to be connected are shown 2 here in the executions 18 used cables 12 , It is in the joining areas 20 a particularly dense implementation 18 made by the respective cable sheath 16 with the housing shell 6 in the respective area of implementation 18 is joined together. The components to be assembled here 2 are therefore a respective cable sheath 16 and the housing shell 6 , Here, too, the joining takes place in a correspondingly location-selective manner. In particular, flashovers by applying the respective conductor 14 to avoid microwave radiation M, here the microwave radiation M is preferably irradiated site selective.

To clarify an alternative application of the method is in 6 an assembly 4 which is a sensor arrangement which is a sensor element 26 includes that to a conduit 12 is connected, which is a sensor line here. To achieve a particularly robust arrangement, the sensor element 26 in a sensor housing 28 shed. This consists for example of epoxy resin. In addition, a particularly tight transition between the cable jacket 16 the line 12 and the sensor housing 28 To achieve these two parts are in joining areas 20 put together by application of microwave radiation M. To clarify the production is in 7 the assembly 4 without sensor housing 28 shown. Rather, in the end of the line 12 and around the sensor element 26 around a mold 30 arranged, which as a mold for forming the sensor housing 28 serves. Alternatively, the mold is used 30 not just as a mold and remains as an outer housing on the assembly 4 , In this way, in particular a separate mold is saved and additional functions can be realized on the outer housing, such as holding or fastening elements, which are usually difficult to manufacture, in particular by casting. Furthermore, removal of adhesives is not necessary in this alternative. After encapsulation, the arrangement is then exposed to microwave radiation M, whereby the for the production of the sensor housing 28 used material hardens and in the joining areas 20 a cohesive connection with the cable jacket 16 formed. The arrangement achieved in this way is particularly robust and media-tight.

Also suitable is the method for connecting two lines 12 as exemplified in 8a is shown. These are the two lines 12 end merged at a junction that in 8a is indicated by a dashed line. The ladder 14 are then suitably contacted with each other and finally the conductor sheaths 16 Microwave radiation M interconnected.

8b shows an alternative in which initially a functional element 46 end to a line 12 is attached and then by means of a sealing piece 48 Media tight is fixed. In the embodiment shown here is the functional element 46 a cable lug at the stripped end of the line 12 on their ladder 14 is crimped. The seal piece 48 is here tubular and end around the cable jacket 16 as well as the functional element 46 arranged around. By application of microwave radiation then takes place here in the annular joining region 20 a media-tight connection of the sealing piece 48 with the cable jacket 16 , The connection takes place in particular in the radial direction.

9 shows in cross section an embodiment of an antenna 32 which is suitable for carrying out said method. The antenna 32 is designed in the manner of a nozzle and emits the microwave radiation M only in a predetermined direction in a certain space area. In essence, the antenna includes 32 to a cavity 34 , in the over a microwave connection 36 Microwave radiation M is fed from a microwave generator, not shown here. The cavity 34 acts in the manner of a waveguide, with an opening 38 from which the microwave radiation M emerges. In this way, a location-selective loading of components 2 possible with microwave radiation M. Accordingly, it is also possible, even components 2 that are also outside the joining area 20 are made of a microwave-active plastic, only in the joining area 20 To apply microwave radiation M and assemble accordingly. This is the antenna 32 in a suitable manner to the respective joint area 20 introduced.

10 shows an example of a production line 40 in which an assembly 4 two components 2 includes that in a joining area 20 be joined together. This includes the production line 40 a robot arm 42 to which an antenna 32 is attached as a tool. In this way, the here relatively bulky assembly needs 4 not cumbersome to move or be positioned in a correspondingly large-sized microwave oven, but the plastic joining is done in a simple manner by appropriately moving the antenna 32 through the robot arm 42 , As a result, the method for plastic jointing by means of microwave radiation is also suitable in particular for series and mass production; for example, the assembly becomes 4 via a conveyor 44 first into the working area of the robot arm 42 then performed the joining, finally the assembly 4 transported away and the process on a subsequent module 4 repeatedly executed.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

2

component

4

module

6

shell

8th

housing cover

10

electronics

12

management

14

ladder

16

cable sheath

18

execution

20

joining area

22

jointing substance

26

sensor element

28

sensor housing

30

mold

32

antenna

34

cavity

36

microwave connection

38

opening

40

production line

42

robot arm

44

Conveyor

46

functional element

48

sealing piece

M

microwave radiation

Claims (16)

Method for plastic joining by means of microwave radiation (M), in which at least two components each made from a plastic material ( 2 ) of a vehicle electrical system for a vehicle by being subjected to microwave radiation (M) and site-selectively in a respective joining area ( 20 ). Method according to the preceding claim, characterized in that at least one of the plastics is microwave active and for joining in the joining area ( 20 ) is activated by microwave radiation (M). Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the microwave radiation (M) has a frequency which is varied over time. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one of the components ( 2 ) is made of a microwave-active plastic and a microwave-transparent plastic, wherein the microwave-active plastic in the joining area ( 20 ) of the component ( 2 ) is arranged. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that before the application of microwave radiation (M) first in at least one of the joining areas ( 20 ) a microwave active coating is applied as an activator. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in at least one of the joining regions ( 20 ) a microwave active compound ( 22 ) is applied. Method according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the microwave-active compound ( 22 ) is a film of a microwave active plastic. Method according to one of the two preceding claims, characterized in that the microwave active compound ( 22 ) is a plastic, which is admixed with a microwave active additive. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one of the plastics is admixed with a microwave-active additive. Method according to the preceding claim; characterized in that the microwave active additive only in the joint area ( 20 ) is mixed. Method according to one of claims 8 to 10, characterized in that the additive is non-metallic and in particular carbon black. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the microwave radiation (M) by means of an antenna ( 32 ) is selectively provided by the antenna ( 32 ) radiates only in a given and limited space. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least two components ( 2 ) a line ( 12 ) and a housing ( 6 . 28 ), whereby the line ( 12 ) to the housing ( 6 . 28 ) is added. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least two components ( 2 ) one line each ( 12 ), and the lines ( 12 ). Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the two components ( 2 ) a line ( 12 ) and a sealing piece ( 48 ) and the line ( 12 ) end first with a functional element ( 46 ) and then by means of the sealing piece ( 48 ) is sealed. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that one of the components ( 2 ) by appending them first to the other component ( 2 ) is poured and then cured by means of microwave radiation (M).

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