DE102015000833B3 - Device for coupled waste incineration and production of electrical energy - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention discloses a device (7) and a method for coupled waste incineration and production of electrical energy, which is designed as a compact unit. The device (7) has a refuse combustion chamber (3) having a combustion chamber inlet (31), a combustion chamber outlet (32) and a feed opening (9). Further, a pre-combustion chamber (2) adapted to operate with an auxiliary fuel and having an inlet (21) and an outlet (22), a gas turbine (4a), a compressor (4b) and a generator (5) are provided are mechanically coupled via at least one shaft rotatably. The compressor (4b) is upstream of the pre-combustion chamber (2) seen in the flow direction (S), and designed to suck in and compress ambient air. The combustor inlet (31) is connected to the outlet (22) of the precombustion chamber (2) and the combustor outlet (32) is directly connected to the gas turbine (4a).

Description

The present invention relates to a device for coupled waste incineration and production of electrical energy.

Waste, especially non-MSEE, is a serious environmental problem around the world. In emerging and developing countries, it is getting worse as a result of international trade, which means that waste-based disposable products are also consumed in such countries. The consequences there are water pollution, destruction of large areas by landfill, also with the consequence of the spread of disease, and air pollution by uncontrolled open combustion, in particular by NO _x - or SO _x emissions. In addition to the garbage problem, there are often power bottlenecks in emerging and developing countries; The power supply is - if at all - often only available for a few hours a day. In addition, rural areas are often cut off from the power grid and therefore either have no electricity or are forced to produce it by diesel generators themselves.

It is known that dry household waste has a comparatively high calorific value, which is in the range of 2.5 to 12 MJ / kg. In waste incineration plants must therefore be fired only in certain operating conditions (eg, when starting or at partial load). The heat generated in waste incineration is therefore used in conventional waste incineration plants in thermodynamic cycles. Usually, a grate firing is used, which is charged with household waste, there are also the auxiliary or Anfahrbrenner arranged. The flue gases are then routed to a conventional steam boiler, where superheated steam is supplied to operate a steam turbine that drives a power generator.

Such a system is not capable of being scaled down significantly due to the many system components, high pressures of several hundreds of bars, and high complexity. In waste incineration plants that generate electricity through a steam power plant process, therefore, it is all about centralized large-scale facilities. Such a waste incineration plant is in the EP 2 541 144 A1 described.

For the energetic use of household waste in smaller systems, various approaches are known. So will in the DE 20 315 416 U1 describes a system comprising a composting plant housed in a container, which is charged with biowaste and produces finished compost under the control of humidity, temperature and mixing. The finished compost is then mixed with paper waste and pressed in briquette form to be burned.

Out US 20120235423 A1 is a wood chimney incinerator known. There are adjacent to a combustion chamber, which is fed with the chopped wood, arranged heat exchanger through which a process fluid is passed, which can be gasified by the heat absorption in particular. The process fluid drives a turbo set to generate electrical energy. The device there is indeed a little smaller than the usual incinerators but still too large to economically burn small amounts; Also, the system complexity is relatively high due to the process fluid circuit.

In addition, small combustion devices are known in the medical field, but only serve the disposal of waste, for example, the germ killing, and have no power coupling.

Based on this prior art, it is an object of the present invention to provide a device for coupled waste incineration and power generation, which is suitable for the decentralized use for the combustion of small amounts in the range of a few kilograms of waste and which is characterized by a low system complexity and compact design ,

This object is achieved by a refuse incineration device having the features of independent claim 1.

Further developments are set forth in the subclaims.

The further object of providing a method for waste incineration and power generation is achieved by the method having the features of claim 10.

The inventive device for coupled waste incineration and recovery of electrical energy is designed as a compact unit. The apparatus includes a refuse combustor having a combustor inlet, a combustor exit, and a feed opening. Further, the apparatus has a pre-combustion chamber, which is provided for operation with an auxiliary fuel and has an input and an output. In addition, the device also comprises a gas turbine, a compressor and a generator, which are mechanically coupled in a rotationally fixed manner via at least one shaft. The compressor is upstream of the precombustion chamber as seen in the flow direction and adapted to suck and compress ambient air. The input of the refuse combustion chamber is connected to the output of the precombustion chamber and the output of the refuse combustion chamber is connected directly to the gas turbine.

By "compact unit" is meant herein that the essential technical equipment, ie at least the combustion chambers, the compressor and the turbine are arranged in a close local reference and in particular are not separated. Thus, a device is created that is mobile and can be assembled and disassembled with little effort. In the precombustion chamber according to the invention an auxiliary or auxiliary fuel is burned, which brings the refuse combustion chamber at startup to the required temperature in the range of at least 400 to 450 K. Depending on the composition, humidity and other properties of the refuse to be incinerated, a stationary operating state then arises in which no additional or auxiliary fuel needs to be added.

The gas turbine, the compressor and the generator are advantageously arranged coaxially and can be designed for cost reasons as a single shaft machine; it remains a different arrangement with split shafts, intermediate gears, etc. but possible. The totality of shaft, combustion chambers, compressor and gas turbine can also be referred to as a shaft engine. The running in the device process can be calculated neglecting occurring irreversibilities as a gas turbine process (Joule-Brayton process). This cyclic process consisting of adiabatic compression, isobaric heating, adiabatic expansion and isobaric compression is known to the person skilled in the art.

The device according to the invention is to be understood in particular as a "micro-waste incineration device" which has a high system integration, is easy to assemble and disassemble and can be easily maintained. By "micro" it is meant herein that the apparatus is designed for the incineration of garbage in the kilogram range, while large-scale incinerators have quite capacities of a few hundred tons per day. The spatial dimensions of the device according to the invention in any spatial direction are more than a few meters; typically about a maximum of 3 cubic feet or the size of a typical mid-range car. Thus, the device can be placed in almost any location.

The device is intended to be charged discontinuously with a certain comparatively small amount of waste.

As a result, the device according to the invention is technically minimalist and can therefore be manufactured and operated more cost-effectively than known waste incineration plants with steam power plant process. Particularly in developing countries with insufficiently developed infrastructure, the device according to the invention has the potential to significantly reduce environmental pollution, since the waste no longer has to be disposed of; their use contributes to the air pollution control, as with a controlled combustion at the very high temperatures as intended, less pollutants are released. In addition, the device advantageously generates electrical power during its operation, which enables a power supply, especially in remote areas, and reduces dependence on diesel generators. The usability of the land is increased because there no waste has to be dumped; the land can be used productively.

The main benefit of the device is the destruction of the waste, while the provision of electrical power is understood as a secondary benefit; For this reason, the device is not necessarily optimized for the highest possible current output; but it can be optimized to that effect. First and foremost, the device should be robust and inexpensive; The gas turbine and / or the compressor should therefore be understood as low-component available lowtec components.

In another embodiment, the garbage combustor may include a grid adjacent to the precombustion chamber. Alternatively or additionally, the garbage combustor may be sized to have a garbage capacity in a range of 1 to 1000 kg. The refuse combustion chamber can also be significantly smaller and, for example, a capacity of 10 to 300 kg or even only from 10 to 40 kg. The above amounts of refuse refer to a one-time filling of the refuse combustion chamber for burning. It will be appreciated that the apparatus according to the invention is intended for treating typical refuse quantities of a multi-person household or small village and not for waste removal on an industrial scale. The device is therefore suitable for use in a decentrally organized infrastructure; Transport can be reduced to a minimum.

In yet another embodiment, the apparatus may include a housing in which the garbage combustor, pre-combustion chamber, gas turbine, compressor, and generator are disposed. The housing then provides a continuous and fluid-tight flow path from the air inlets to the gas turbine.

The housing can have approximately in a - upstream in the flow direction - the compressor air inlet openings, which are distributed over a housing circumference. Optionally, at least one vortex generator, for example an air guide plate, can be arranged at the air inlet openings. About the vortex generators the flow is preferably impressed a swirl around the flow direction, which supports both the combustion in the refuse combustion chamber and allows efficient flow of the blades of the gas turbine.

For filling, the housing may have a cover or flap which is opened to fill the garbage combustion chamber via the feed opening with garbage to be incinerated. It can even be provided that the passage cross-section of the air inlets can be regulated by means of flaps and / or that a second airflow path is provided by a housing bottom; Thus, the air supply can be optimally controlled, so that the combustion can always take place below the optimum air ratio.

The device according to the invention can also be easily transported through the housing; For this purpose, handles, hooks or rollers can be provided thereon, for example, so that the device can be moved either manually or by means of a crane or another mobile working machine or a car.

It can also be provided that the refuse incinerator is designed as a stand-alone unit with a vertical orientation of the shaft. Here, the housing may have approximately a stand base on which at least three feet are arranged.

"Device" means the entirety of the connected system components with full system integration; the air therefore flows in a vertical direction. Preferably, the air intake or the compressor is arranged below and the gas turbine further up. In this arrangement, a chimney effect is advantageously achieved, in which by the heating of the air in the garbage combustion chamber whose rise is achieved by natural convection, resulting in that fresh air from below (through the air inlet openings) is sucked. As a result, a higher pressure in the / the combustion chamber (s) can be achieved, resulting in an increased oxygen supply and thus higher combustion temperatures.

Furthermore, an electrical energy store, preferably an accumulator, which is electrically connected to the generator can be arranged in the housing. The electrical energy store is advantageously arranged in the base of the housing, so that the device has a low center of gravity and is stable. Further, an externally accessible socket can be arranged on the housing, which is electrically connected to the energy storage. Devices that are commonly used to charge batteries, such as a charge controller with reverse polarity protection, overtemperature monitor, etc. and / or a voltage converter with inverter, which brings the battery voltage to normal network level, can also be provided so that standard electrical appliances are operated at the socket can. Of course, the electricity generated must not be cached, it can also be consumed directly.

In addition, the precombustion chamber may be designed either for combustion of solid or liquid or gaseous fuels. For example, a pre-combustion chamber for burning solid fuel has a combustion grate, while the pre-combustion chamber for combustion of liquid or gaseous fuels has at least one burner, an injection nozzle and / or an injection valve for the fuel.

By solid fuel may be understood, for example, wood, coal, peat, coal, coke, etc.; Potential liquid / gas fuels can include gasoline, diesel, alcohol, methane, propane, butane and others be. The solid fuels can be supplied to the precombustion chamber as dust or fine granules or pellets, so that then a burner and no Feuerungsrost is provided.

In a development, the burner, the injection nozzle and / or the injection valve of the pre-combustion chamber can be connected to a fuel source via a line which is led through the housing to the outside. The fuel source can advantageously have a receptacle for a replaceable fuel tank as for a standard cartridge. As a standard cartridge come the very widespread piercing cartridges, as used in camping cookers and lamps, in question. The burner, the injection nozzle and / or the injection valve may in particular be arranged in relation to the garbage combustion chamber, that an optimal supply of heat to the garbage combustion chamber is made possible.

Furthermore, the gas turbine may be a multi-stage gas turbine, which preferably has at least one high-pressure part and one low-pressure part. Alternatively or additionally, the compressor via a transmission gear, such as a planetary gear to be coupled to the shaft. The gas turbine may, if deemed appropriate, also have more than two stages. By dividing the gas turbine into high-pressure and low-pressure parts, a better turbine efficiency can be achieved since the rotor / guide vanes can be better adapted to the prevailing flow rates and medium properties.

Finally, the gas turbine may have a fuel gas outlet, which is coupled to an exhaust line. Optionally, at least one heat exchanger through which a heat transfer medium can be conducted and / or at least one filter, preferably a pressure loss-optimized filter, can be arranged in the exhaust gas line. It is not possible to provide filters on the suction side in the area of the air inlet openings. The exhaust system can lead into a chimney, which can be formed directly behind the turbine, for example, as a diffuser. About an arrangement of a heat exchanger in the exhaust system, the waste heat of the gas turbine process can be used, for example for space heating or process heat; This combined heat and power (CHP) can be used to improve overall energy efficiency.

• a) Beschicken der Müll-Brennkammer über die Beschickungsöffnung mit einer vorbestimmten Menge Müll,
• b) so lange Verbrennen von Zusatzbrennstoff in der Vorverbrennungskammer bis in der Müll-Brennkammer eine vorbestimmte Betriebstemperatur herrscht, dadurch Entzünden und Verbrennen des Mülls,
• c) dabei kontinuierlich Ausleiten von Brenngasen aus der Müll-Brennkammer zu der Gasturbine, dadurch Antreiben der Gasturbine und dadurch über die Welle Antreiben des Kompressors und des Generators,
• d) dabei durch den Kompressor Ansaugen und Komprimieren von Umgebungsluft und der Vorverbrennungskammer Zuführen und durch den Generator Erzeugen von elektrischer Energie,
• e) kontinuierlich Ausführen der Schritte c) und d) bis die vorbestimmte Menge Müll verbrannt ist.

The inventive method for waste incineration and recovery of electrical energy is carried out using the apparatus described above. It includes the following steps:

• a) Charging the waste combustion chamber via the feed opening with a predetermined amount of waste,
• b) as long as burning of additional fuel prevails in the pre-combustion chamber until the waste-combustion chamber reaches a predetermined operating temperature, thereby igniting and burning the refuse,
• c) thereby continuously discharging fuel gases from the refuse combustion chamber to the gas turbine, thereby driving the gas turbine and thereby via the shaft driving the compressor and the generator,
• d) supplying by the compressor suction and compression of ambient air and the precombustion chamber and by the generator generating electrical energy,
• e) continuously performing steps c) and d) until the predetermined amount of refuse is burnt.

After the burnup is finished, the garbage combustor can be cleaned and prepared for the next burnup. The operating temperatures in the garbage combustor are at least 400 K, better 450 K and more, with higher combustion temperatures, such as in the range of 975 K, lead to a low-emission combustion and good efficiency.

It may optionally be provided when starting to "hold" the rotor (rotor blading) of the compressor first, d. h., To lock its rotational freedom, so that it acts as a stator and the flow in the precombustion chamber and the refuse combustion chamber imparting a twist; This blocking of the rotational degree of freedom can then be canceled again upon reaching the predetermined temperature of the refuse combustion chamber.

The additional fuel (eg piece of wood) is advantageously already ignited before it is added to the precombustion chamber; but it can also be arranged in a suitable ignition device.

About 170 Wh of electricity per kg of dry household waste can be generated by the process according to the invention; where the exact amount of electricity depends heavily on the composition and the moisture content of household waste.

Other embodiments as well as some of the advantages associated with these and other embodiments will become apparent from the following detailed description with reference to the accompanying drawings Figures clear and easier to understand. The figures are merely a schematic representation of an embodiment of the invention.

Showing:

1 a perspective view of the device,

2 a detailed view of the precombustion chamber for liquid or gaseous fuels,

3 a detailed view of the pre-combustion chamber for solid fuels,

4 a system diagram of the device,

5a , b pV and Ts diagrams of the Joule-Brayton process.

In the device according to the invention 7 , as in 1 shown, burned with the combined waste and electrical energy is generated, it is a compact unit in which all functionally relevant components are arranged contiguously. Unlike known power-driven waste incinerators, which are very large and complex devices that utilize the steam power plant process, the device of the present invention 7 technically puristic.

In the in 1 embodiment shown is a compact stand device, within which housing 70 in the flow direction S seen a compressor 4b , a precombustion chamber 2 , a garbage combustor 3 , and a two-stage gas turbine 4a is arranged. The entrance 21 the precombustion chamber 2 is with the compressor 4b connected and the output 22 the precombustion chamber 2 with the entrance 31 the garbage combustor 3 ,

The garbage, such as dry household waste, becomes the garbage combustor 3 discontinuously over the feed opening 9 fed, which is closed after loading with a flap.

To start the garbage combustion process, first in the precombustion chamber 2 an auxiliary fuel, which may be solid, liquid or gaseous, burned to the garbage combustor 3 bring to operating temperature. Has the garbage combustor 3 their operating temperature (with dry household waste about 475 K), ignites the garbage and gives off heat. Fresh air can flow in from below; this has the case 70 Air inlets distributed over its circumference 8th through which the air to the compressor 4b can reach; when the rotor of the compressor 4b not yet spinning, the air is not yet in the precombustion chamber 2 It is pressed by the blading of the compressor 4b sucked, wherein the air flow can be imparted a twist.

Is the garbage combustor 3 to operating temperature, drive those out of their exit 32 Exiting flue gases directly the gas turbine 4a to, here's a high-pressure part 41a and a low pressure part 42a Has. About the mechanically rigid non-rotatable coupling of the rotor of the turbine 4a with the rotor of the compressor 4b Therefore, the compressor is driven, so sucked in fresh air and in the pre-combustion chamber 2 and from there to the garbage combustor 3 is pressed; by the resulting supply of an increased mass flow of oxygen, the combustion temperature in the garbage combustion chamber can be 3 further increase.

The wave, the turbine 4a and compressor 4b connects, runs in the longitudinal direction of the device seen concentrically through the refuse combustion chamber 3 and the precombustion chamber 2 it may be useful, so that the shaft does not come into contact with the combustion temperatures, the combustion chambers 2 . 3 as annular in cross-section form, ie, to provide in the middle, a "recess" for the passage of the shaft.

With the turbine 4a opposite end of the shaft 10 (please refer 2 and 3 ) is a generator, or more precisely the rotor of a generator connected, is generated over the stream. The generator is in the illustrated embodiment in a stand base of the housing 70 arranged. Batteries or rechargeable batteries are also provided for energy storage in this housing area. This arrangement helps that the device of the invention is very stable, since both generator and batteries are heavy components. The housing 70 also has three feet 71 ,

The shaft extends in the housing longitudinal direction and is in training of the device as a standing device a standing (vertical) shaft. By this construction, the device is also very space-saving set up. However, the main advantage of the upright orientation of the system components is a chimney effect, which ensures that through the natural convection by upward from the gas turbine 4a outgoing hot flue gases fresh air is sucked in from below; As a result, a higher combustion chamber pressure can be achieved, which leads to higher temperatures and thus to improved efficiency and to a cleaner thermal waste separation.

With the outlet 4a ' the gas turbine 4a , or their low-pressure part 42a , is the exhaust system 40 coupled, which is formed here only by a short piece of pipe. The exhaust gas system may also be longer in a non-figurative embodiment and, in particular, be designed as a diffuser. It is also possible to use CHP to arrange a secondary heat exchanger therein.

In the 2 and 3 are now partial views of the precombustion chamber 2 shown. The first variant for the use of liquid or gaseous fuels in the precombustion chamber 2 is in 2 shown. There are injectors, valves or burners 14 provided, via which the auxiliary fuel is supplied. The additional fuel comes over the line 15 from an external fuel source, such as a canister or a standard cartridge. The waste to be incinerated lies on the grate 13 the garbage combustor 3 on.

In the 3 shown second variant shows a pre-combustion chamber 2 for combustion of solid additional fuel 11 , The additional fuel 11 is already burning in the precombustion chamber 2 given and lies on the grate 12 on. Natural convection pulls the flue gases upwards and heats the garbage in the garbage combustion chamber 3 , whereby this is brought to operating temperature. The garbage to be incinerated is also on the grid here 13 on.

4 shows the system diagram underlying the invention. reference numeral 1 denotes the supplied refuse to be incinerated and reference numerals 6 refers to the batteries for storing in the generator 5 generated electricity.

c_p,i:

pezifische Wärmekapazität, dP = 0

c_v,i:

spezifische Wärmekapazität, dV = 0

p_i:

Drücke [Pa]

T_i:

Temperaturen [K]

K_i:

Isentropenexponent

η_Verbr:

Verbrennungswirkungsgrad

V_Verbr:

Volumen der Müll-Brennkammer

M_luft:

Molare Masse Luft

R:

Universelle Gaskonstante

A calculation of the process as an idealized gas turbine process (Joule-Brayton) with air as the working medium (pV and TS diagrams see 5a , b) was carried out under the following assumptions: p ₁ , p ₄ = 100 kPa c _{p, air} = 1.004 kJ / kg · K p ₂ , p ₃ = 200 kPa c _{v, air} = 0.717 kJ / kg · K T ₁ = 293.15 K. K _air = 1.4 η _burn = 0.5 T ₃ = 850 K V _burn = 1 m ³ M _air = 28.97 g / mol R = 0.00831 kJ / mol · K With:

_{cp, i} :

specific heat capacity, dP = 0

cv _{, i} :

specific heat capacity, dV = 0

p _i :

Press [Pa]

T _i :

Temperatures [K]

_Ki:

isentropic

η _burn :

Combustion efficiency

V _burn :

Volume of the garbage combustion chamber

M _air :

Molar mass air

R:

Universal gas constant

berechnet werden. Hieraus ergibt sich für T₂ = 357,35 K und für T₄ = 697,29 K.The missing temperatures T ₂ and T ₄ can be related

be calculated. This results in T ₂ = 357.35 K and T ₄ = 697.29 K.

For the specific performance of the turbine applies w _turb = c _{v, air} (T ₃ - T ₄ ) and for the compressor w _comp = c _{v, air} (T ₂ - T ₁ )

The usable wave power w _net in the generator is then: w _net = w _turb - w _comp

The calorific value q _{household waste} is calculated by a weighted average of the calorific value of individual typical household waste components. The individual calorific values of household waste components and their weighting on the total composition of household waste are the following: q _{Organic waste} : 1,912 kJ / kg 35% q _plastic : 20,144 kJ / kg 30% q _textiles : 11,789 kJ / kg 3% q _{paper products} : 6440 kJ / kg 15% q _leather : 14,265 kJ / kg 2% q _rubber : 14,265 kJ / kg 5% q _wood : 9,310 kJ / kg 10% so that q _{household waste} amounts to 9,900 kJ / kg.

The combustion is described by the following formula: q _h = c _p · (T ₃ - T ₂ )

Since the specific power and the calorific value are known, the mass of the combustion air and the waste mass can now be calculated:

von ca. 6%.Assuming a combustion efficiency η _Verbr of 50%, which takes into account, in a first approximation, the fluctuating average calorific value of domestic waste due to fluctuating composition, this results in a thermal efficiency

of about 6%.

Claims (10)

Contraption ( 7 ) for coupled waste incineration and production of electrical energy, which is designed as a compact unit, comprising - a refuse combustion chamber ( 3 ), which has a combustion chamber inlet ( 31 ), a combustion chamber outlet ( 32 ) and at least one charging opening ( 9 ), and - a pre-combustion chamber ( 2 ), which is designed for operation with an additional fuel and an input ( 21 ) and an output ( 22 ), and - a gas turbine ( 4a ), a compressor ( 4b ) and a generator ( 5 ), which are mechanically non-rotatably coupled via at least one shaft, - wherein the compressor ( 4b ) in the flow direction (S) seen the pre-combustion chamber ( 2 ) and is adapted to suck in and compress ambient air, and wherein the combustion chamber entrance ( 31 ) with the output ( 22 ) of the precombustion chamber ( 2 ) and the combustion chamber outlet ( 32 ) directly with the gas turbine ( 4a ) connected is. Contraption ( 7 ) according to claim 1, characterized in that the refuse combustion chamber ( 3 ) - a rust ( 13 ) which is connected to the precombustion chamber ( 2 ) and / or is dimensioned to have a capacity of refuse in a range of 1 to 1000 kg, preferably in a range of 10 to 300 kg, most preferably in a range of 10 to 40 kg. Contraption ( 7 ) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the waste incinerator ( 7 ) a housing ( 70 ), in which the refuse combustion chamber ( 3 ), the precombustion chamber ( 2 ), the gas turbine ( 4a ), the compressor ( 4b ) and the generator ( 5 ) are arranged, wherein preferably the housing ( 70 ) in a direction of flow seen the compressor ( 2 ) upstream area air inlets ( 8th ), which are distributed over a housing circumference, and on which preferably at least one vortex generator, particularly preferably an air guide plate, is arranged, wherein the housing ( 70 ) a continuous flow path from the air inlet openings ( 8th ) to the gas turbine ( 4a ). Contraption ( 7 ) according to claim 3, characterized in that the waste incinerator ( 7 ) as a stationary device with a vertical orientation of the shaft ( 10 ) is formed and the housing ( 70 ) preferably has a base on which at least three feet ( 71 ) are arranged. Contraption ( 7 ) according to claim 4, characterized in that in the housing ( 70 ) an electrical energy store ( 6 ), preferably an accumulator ( 6 ), which is electrically connected to the generator ( 5 ), wherein preferably the energy store ( 6 ) in the base of the housing ( 70 ), and particularly preferably on the housing ( 70 ) is arranged externally accessible a socket which is electrically connected to the energy storage ( 6 ) connected is. Contraption ( 7 ) according to at least one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the precombustion chamber ( 2 ) - for burning solid fuels ( 11 ) and preferably a firing grate ( 12 ), or - is designed for the combustion of liquid or gaseous fuels, and preferably at least one burner, an injection nozzle and / or an injection valve ( 14 ) for the fuel. Contraption ( 7 ) according to claim 6, characterized in that the burner, the injection nozzle and / or the injection valve ( 14 ) of the precombustion chamber ( 2 ) via a line ( 15 ) passing through the housing ( 70 ) is guided to the outside, is / are connected to a fuel source, wherein preferably the fuel source has a receptacle for a replaceable fuel tank, preferably a standard cartridge. Contraption ( 7 ) according to at least one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that - the gas turbine ( 4a ) a multi-stage gas turbine ( 4a ), which preferably in each case at least one high-pressure part ( 41a ) and a low pressure part ( 42a ) and / or - the compressor ( 4b ) via a transmission gear, preferably via a planetary gear, with the shaft ( 10 ) is coupled. Contraption ( 7 ) according to at least one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the gas turbine ( 4a ) a fuel gas outlet ( 4a ' ) which is connected to an exhaust gas line ( 40 ) is coupled, wherein preferably in the exhaust line ( 40 ) is arranged at least one heat exchanger through which a heat transfer medium is conductive and / or in the exhaust line ( 40 ) at least one filter, preferably a pressure loss-optimized filter, is arranged. Method for waste incineration and production of electrical energy, using a device ( 7 ) according to at least one of claims 1 to 9, comprising the steps of: a) charging the garbage combustion chamber ( 3 ) via the charging opening ( 9 ) with a predetermined amount of waste, b) burning additional fuel in the pre-combustion chamber ( 2 ) in the garbage combustion chamber ( 3 ) there is a predetermined operating temperature, thereby igniting the refuse, c) while continuously discharging fuel gases from the refuse combustion chamber ( 3 ) to the gas turbine ( 4a ), thereby driving the gas turbine ( 4a ) and thereby over the wave ( 10 ) Driving the compressor ( 4b ) and the generator ( 5 d) thereby by the compressor ( 4b ) Suction and compression of ambient air and the precombustion chamber ( 2 ) Feeding and by the generator ( 5 ) Generating electrical energy, e) continuously performing steps c) and d) until the predetermined amount of refuse is burned.

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