DE102014003970A1 - Electric switch - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to an installation switching device (1) which is adapted to interrupt a current path, having a contact point (2) which is formed with a first and a second, in particular a stationary and a movable contact piece (3, 4), wherein the contact point (2) is closed when the contact pieces (3, 4) touch, and wherein the contact point (2) is open when the contact pieces (3, 4) do not touch, the installation switching device (1) with a Actuator mechanism (8a, 8b) is designed for opening and / or closing the contact point (2), wherein the contact point (2) is associated with an insulating closure device (5) which is formed with a number of overlapping lamellae (6, 7) in which, in a first closing position, the effective edges (71, 61) of the lamellae (6, 7) form the closed peripheral contour (91) of a passage opening (9a) through which the contact pieces (3, 4) are closed Contact contact (2) touch, form, wherein at an outgoing from the first closure position an opposite movement of the slats (6, 7) along a shift line (L), and thereby decreases the size of the passage opening (9) with increasing displacement until a second closure position is reached, in which the opening is completely closed and the contact pieces (3, 4) are spatially and electrically separated from each other on opposite sides of the slats (6, 7).

Description

The invention is based on an electrical switch, which is adapted to interrupt a current path, with at least one contact point, which is formed with a first and a second, in particular a fixed and a movable contact piece, wherein the contact point is closed, if touching the contact pieces, and wherein the contact point is open when the contact pieces do not touch, according to the preamble of claim 1.

The first and second contact piece may be a fixed and a movable contact piece. It can also be two movable contact pieces, which, however, may be limited by a stop in their mobility.

An electrical switch according to the preamble of the present invention may be a service switching device and used for switching operating currents or for switching off short-circuit currents in case of failure in electrical circuits. It works with one or more switching contacts, in which an arc is created by opening the contact point in a current-carrying circuit. Particularly large is the current to be disconnected in the event of a short circuit, and then the arc is particularly energetic. The magnetic field surrounding this arc, due to the Lorentz force and the respective geometry of the contact point, drives the arc from the open contact point via arc guide rails into a multi-plate chamber, also called a deion chamber. During this process, the short-circuit current is limited because an extended arc acts like a resistor in a circuit. In addition, in the multi-plate chamber between each sheet, the arc is divided into individual small partial arcs, whereby a high counter-voltage, a high anode-cathode voltage, arises and brings the short-circuit current to extinction.

What sounds like a simple process is actually very complicated, because an arc contains a very high level of electrical energy, which, once created, can be unpredictable and very destructive. Above all, if he stays in one spot with full intensity and acts on this longer time. Furthermore, the longer the arc takes to move out of the contact point, the higher the arc energy, and the slower the move-out makes it difficult to control and manage the arc energy.

During its arc run, the arc repeatedly carries material from housing parts or components of the switching device on its way into the arc extinguishing chamber (deion chamber), thereby contaminating the interior of the service switching device. This has an unfavorable effect on the insulation resistance and on the number of possible short-circuit disconnections or on the short-circuit switching capacity. Whether the arc reaches its intended destination is also dependent on a pressure wave generated by itself and the materials used and some other additional factors. If the arc does not succeed in reaching the deion chamber and remains on the track, it destroys the service switching device due to the ever-increasing energy released. Therefore, high efforts have been made in the development of circuit breakers to improve the short-circuit breaking capacity. This depends directly on the arc run, which runs out of the contact point, into the Deionkammer. This type of arc extinguishing always takes a finite time. The longer this takes, the more the load on the circuit breaker and the electrical system increases due to a higher let-through energy, which has a direct effect on the service life.

There are known electrical circuit breakers, in particular circuit breaker, in which insulating slats are inserted between the contact pieces of the contact point at the contact opening from one side or where the contacts slide themselves over an insulated blade to achieve an electrical separation of the contact point. There are also known designs in which, during the opening process of the contact point insulating cover caps are placed over the contact pieces.

In the known embodiments, however, the arc may initially lengthen over the still open side during insertion or over-squeezing the blade or the cap. As a result, the arc will first increase its energy, which, if present, is very difficult, too slow or impossible to control.

It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide an installation switching device in which the emergence of a switching arc at the opening of the contact point largely prevented and a conceived in the emergence switching arc is cut very early and quickly.

The object is achieved by an installation switching device with the features of claim 1.

According to the invention, the switch has adjustable insulating material elements which open the contact point and the contact pieces after opening can keep apart, and which can be used to open the contact point, the contacts apart and thereby narrow a resulting arc and cut.

The contact pieces are according to the invention pushed apart from the insulating material itself and then kept apart. This can be done very quickly, the separation process of the contact point can be ultra-fast, in the range of a few microseconds.

As a result, an arc can form only at a very early stage when the contact pieces are only a few microns apart, but it can not form as much as it would with a contact spacing of a few millimeters, as in conventional electrical switches , As a result, the arc that is created emanates absolutely harmlessly and extinguishes immediately after its formation. Thus, there is no tendency to weld the contact points. Due to the short time of the arc action, the life of the switch and its contact point or contact points is considerably increased. The resources of the switch downstream electrical system part, for. As cables, Verbindungsklemmstellen and consumers, etc., are better protected and spared in a pending short circuit, smaller l ² t or smaller transmission energy. This considerably increases the life of the equipment. The safety of an electrical system equipped with a switch according to the invention is increased in the event of a fault.

In a switch according to the invention eliminates the arc running, whereby the quality control and assurance in production considerably easier and corresponding additional costs are avoided. Because the influence of z. B. variations in material compositions, etc. is no longer so great.

The elimination of the arc run also eliminates the contamination of the contact areas by material removal, soot and carbon particles. This increases the insulation resistance after the separation of the contacts.

According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the adjustable insulating elements form an insulating closure device associated with the contact point, which is formed with a number of overlapping lamellae, wherein in a first closure position, the effective edges of the lamellae the closed circumferential contour of a through hole through which the contact pieces closed contact point make contact, wherein at an outgoing from the first closure position an opposite movement of the slats along a shift line, while the size of the passage opening decreases with increasing displacement until a second closure position is reached, in which the opening completely closed is and the contacts are spatially and electrically separated from each other on opposite sides of the slats.

The invention avoids the disadvantages of the prior art. The passage opening, which is formed according to the invention by the effective edges of the slats, surrounds the closed contact point on all sides. During the transition from the first to the second closure position, the passage opening is reduced on all sides. This leaves the arc no possibility to length over an approximately open side of an insulating lamella, which is pushed between the contact pieces to length, since there is according to the invention no unilaterally open side. In the second closure position, the passage opening is completely closed on all sides for the passage of the contact pieces. The contact pieces are in the second closure position, after the opening operation of the contact point, in two mutually spatially and electrically isolated areas on all sides.

The contact system according to the invention can be used wherever operation or fault currents must be switched on or off, with change or DC and at all voltage levels.

In an advantageous embodiment, the insulating closure device according to the invention may be constructed in a similar manner as a diaphragm in a camera, for example as an iris diaphragm. An iris diaphragm is a variable aperture diaphragm. The aperture can be varied in such a way that, regardless of size, it is always nearly circular and the center remains constant. An iris diaphragm consists of several lamellae, which can be turned together inwards or outwards by a mechanism. Each lamella is mounted on an axle. All lamellas are connected to a ring via a further axis, so that they move together. The more slats are used, the better the opening remains approximated to the circular shape during the adjustment. For the purposes of the present invention, the principle of the iris diaphragm is to be modified in such a way that the lamellae overlap in the closed position and consist of an insulating material in order to achieve complete electrical and spatial separation of the contact pieces when the contact point is open.

According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the closure device with two overlapping and in a plane parallel to their broad sides along the displacement line formed oppositely displaceable lamellae, wherein a first lamella having a first lamellar passage opening and the second lamella having a second lamellar passage opening, wherein in the first closure position, the first and the second lamellar passage opening are superimposed to form the passage opening for the contact pieces, and wherein in the second closure position no overlap of the two lamella Durchgangsoffnungen is given more, so that thereby the passage opening for the contact pieces is completely closed.

When the contact point begins to open, an arc starts to form here as well. However, this can not expand and also not spread, since the insulating closure device with the passage opening surrounds the arc on all sides. The arc is according to the invention already in its formation phase because of the further overlapping of the slats shrinking through opening in the space between the contact pieces more and more narrowed or narrowed and then cut off in the sequence. The retraction of the slats in the space between the two contact pieces is done very quickly. Thus, extinguishing or cutting off the emerging arc of the arc can be achieved very quickly. When the fins fill the space between the contact pieces, an insulating spatial partition between the contact pieces is formed in an advantageous manner, so that a reignition of the arc is prevented.

An inventively provided slidable plate is a thin plate of insulating material. The fins are thin and shaped so that effective wedge-shaped edges of the closed peripheral contour of the passage openings of the fins are very close to the two contact pieces. Therefore, the contact point is initially opened by the interposition of the slats only a very small distance on the order of a few micrometers and the slats can very quickly from both sides simultaneously push to reduce the free space between the contact surfaces more and more until they are completely closed is. A slidable slat can already slide between the two contact pieces, if they have only a very small distance from each other, immediately after the beginning of the opening process and thus very fast, even if the arc is just in the initial stages of its creation.

If, according to the advantageous embodiment, the insulating closure device is formed with two displaceable lamellae, wherein both lamellae are displaceable in opposite directions, the two lamellae can slide simultaneously from two sides into the space between the two contact pieces and thereby the free space between the two contact pieces, in the The arc can arise, shrinking very fast. In the case of two displaceable lamellas, the reduction speed doubles with respect to an embodiment with only one displaceable lamella. The arc is thereby already narrowed and cut off during its formation of at least two sides. A stretching or lengths of the arc is thus safely avoidable.

The lamellae clearly overlap at the end of the movement when the closure formed by the closure device is completely closed, thus ensuring the electrical separation of the contact pieces from each other.

If the switch is an installation switching device with a short-circuit current release, then in the event of a short circuit, an actuator mechanism will ensure the rapid displacement of the fins. When thus initiated opening process, each contact piece is pushed back by an adjacent blade in their opposite to the other blade displacement by the wedge-shaped or ramp-shaped edges of the through hole in the opening direction, causing the contacts move away from each other. As a result, the two electrical contacts no longer touch and are spatially separated on all sides after the opening movement by the now overlapping insulating slats and electrically isolated. This position is called "open".

According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention extends at least a portion of the closed peripheral contour of the passage opening forming effective edges obliquely, in the form of a ramp or bevel, to the direction of displacement of the blade. When oppositely moving the slats in the space between the fixed and the movable contact piece presses the inclined portion of the effective edges in the form of a ramp or chamfer of this passage opening associated contact piece from the other contact piece to the opening of the contact point. The lamellae separate in this embodiment, in their opposite sliding movement towards each other to the contact pieces actively. The contact pieces are actively removed from each other by the collapse of the slats on the ramp function of bevel and spatially separated at the same time. The arc is thereby narrowed and cut off.

In other words, to the pressing apart of the contact pieces through the slats to facilitate the passage openings of the slats can be provided in the direction of displacement with ramps or ramps. These prevent blocking the movement process. At the same time the ramps cause a faster separation of the contact point, since in each case the front tip part of each ramp can be closer to the actual contact point than without a ramp. In other words, premature, rapid interposition of the oppositely displaceable lamellae in the passage opening can be supported and improved by a beveling, also called Anphasen, the peripheral contour of the through holes in the slats.

According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the closure device is formed with two overlapping lamellae, wherein a first lamella having a first lamellar passage opening and the second lamella having a second lamellar passage opening, wherein a lamella is fixed and the second lamella in a plane parallel to the broad sides of the slats along the displacement line is displaceable, so that thereby takes place an opposite displacement of the two slats relative to each other.

The movable contact pieces can be pressed against each other when the contact point is closed by the restoring force of contact pressure springs, such as permanently installed springs.

According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, a drive device for adjusting the insulating material is provided. The drive device may comprise a force storage drive or an electromagnetic drive.

The opposing displacement of the slats is then carried out by the drive device, for example by an energy storage device, wherein the drive device is released by a monitoring unit.

The word all-round spatial separation of the contacts means that a resulting arc during an opening process, in the case of z. B. a short circuit, has no way to continue to connect the contacts over a length of electrical. The lamellae form between the contact pieces a continuous insulating wall, which simultaneously during the opening process from all sides simultaneously reduces the opening between the contact pieces until it is finally completely closed, as in a diaphragm of a camera.

The lamellae are so wide on all sides that the arc voltage is not sufficient to circumvent them or to cause a rollover.

In an advantageous embodiment, the lamellae can also be inserted laterally displaceably into a housing wall, as a result of which they are guided and at the same time nested and thus also sealed or insulated.

Due to tolerances, narrow gaps between the slats may occur. These also represent a creepage and clearance for a pending arc, which is to be avoided or at least prolonged. According to an advantageous embodiment, insulating material may be incorporated in such gaps, for example in an advantageous embodiment in the form of insulating sealing lips. This ensures that an electrical connection between the contact points does not arise through a gap through the formation of ionized gases.

According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention coupling means are provided which converts the displacement movement of the slats along the slide line in a lift-off movement of the contact pieces from each other for the electrical and physical separation of the contacts. This is another way to achieve a forced separation of the contact pieces by an additional air gap by these stand in the opposite movement of the slats.

According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the coupling means comprise a ramp-shaped projection on the lamella and one with the respective lamella associated contact piece coupled, one-sided pivotally mounted lever, wherein the ramp-shaped projection in the longitudinal displacement of the lamella along the sliding line from the first in the direction of the second closure position towards the lever from the blade away pivoting applied. In this case, the coupling of the lever with the lamella can be done so that on the lever also a ramp-shaped Anformung is attached, which has a slope with a similar slope as the slope of the ramp-shaped Anformung on the lamella. Both ramp-shaped projections lie with their slopes to each other, the slopes can slide along each other. In a longitudinal displacement of the lamella associated with the lever ramp, sliding along the slope along, upwards, away from the lamella, from. Due to the one-sided pivotal mounting the evasive movement is converted upwards in a pivoting movement away from the lamella. The coupled to the lever contact piece is thus also pivoted away from the lamella, while it is lifted from the contact point, the contact point is opened, and it arises in addition to the insulating slats an insulating air gap.

Thus, according to this advantageous embodiment, the contact pieces can be lifted by the lamellae when the passage opening is closed by an additional ramp function in order to reinforce the galvanic separation. The resulting additional insulating air gap between the slats and the contact pieces creep currents are even better prevented.

According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention separation support means are provided which exert on the contacts in the opposite sliding movement of the slats along the displacement line from the first to the second closure position towards the contact pressure force directed against the contact pieces and thus support the separation of the contact pieces. The retraction of the slats between the contacts to their separation is facilitated. The separation assist means do not separate the contact pieces themselves. They only reduce the effective contact pressure force with which the contact pieces are pressed against each other, so that it is easier for the slats to push between the contact pieces and actually separate the contact pieces electrically and spatially from one another with their ramps.

According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention coupling means are provided which converts the sliding movement of the slats along the slide line in a lifting movement of the contact pieces from each other for the electrical and spatial separation of the contacts, wherein the coupling means additionally perform the function of the separation support means. The coupling means may advantageously be formed as described above. Then, the pivotally mounted lever may at least partially resilient properties in the manner of a spiral spring, the restoring spring force counteracts when pivoting the application of the lever away from the blade of the contact pressure force, whereby the function of the separation support means is met.

According to this advantageous embodiment of the invention, to a certain extent a further actuator mechanism is provided to support the contact separation. This further actuator mechanism comprises a mechanism, for example a spring, which counteracts the contact pressure of the contact pressure spring and thus reduces the contact pressure force during the contact separation. At the same time, the slats move in opposite directions and move between the contacts to lift them apart. Since the contact pressure force is reduced by the additional actuator mechanism, it is easier for the lamellae to bring about the separation of the contact pieces against the then only reduced contact pressure force. The force for opposing displacement of the slats towards each other can be assessed lower. Also, the wear of the slats is reduced, since the reduced contact pressure force causes a lower friction of the contact pieces on the slats in the forced separation of the contact pieces by the slats.

For even better suppression or prevention of arcing during the opening process, a further advantageous embodiment for the execution of the slats come into consideration. In this case, the formed as a ramp or chamfer part of the effective edges of the slats can be made of conductive resistance material to generate in the initial phase of the contact separation is still no arc, but still allow a limited short-circuit current flow. As a result, the current flow does not completely break off initially and initially there is no arc. Only when the ramp or chamfer of the slat has completely moved under the contact pieces, the nachrückende part of the slats changes into an insulating, non-conductive material section. Since at this time, the passage opening is already largely closed, an arc can form only with difficulty and the short-circuit current is completely interrupted or switched off. The electrical load on the ramps made of resistance material in the slats does not exceed their load limits, since the duration of the energy load is greatly limited by a very fast movement of the two slats in the second closure position inside.

In order to increase the creepage distance and creepage distance in this connection, when the fins are pushed further, a ramp can actively lift the contact pieces away from the lamella, as already described above, so that the contact pieces have a minimum distance to the lamella and no problems can arise due to leakage currents ,

According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the electrical switch is an installation switching device with an overcurrent and / or short-circuit current release and an actuator mechanism for opening and / or closing the contact point.

According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the switch is a contactor or a main switch or a circuit breaker or the contact point is in a gas-filled capsule comprises or the contact point is in a vacuum chamber comprises.

Further advantageous embodiments and improvements of the invention and further advantages can be taken from the subclaims.

Brief Description:

Figures and their description serve to better understand the device according to the invention. The figures are schematic representations of an embodiment of the invention. Articles and parts of objects that are substantially the same or similar or function the same or similar are given the same reference numerals.

Show it

1a , b in a stylized and schematic representation of a first embodiment of an insulating closure device according to the invention, in the first closed position, with the contact point closed; 2a shows the supervision, 2 B shows the longitudinal section AB,

2a , b in a stylized and schematic representation of the first embodiment of an insulating closure device according to the invention, during the adjustment from the first closure position; 1a shows the supervision, 1b shows the longitudinal section AB,

3a , b in a stylized and schematic representation of the first embodiment of an insulating closure device according to the invention, in the second closure position, with the contact point open; 3a shows the supervision, 3b shows the longitudinal section AB,

4a , b in a stylized and schematic representation of a second embodiment of an insulating closure device according to the invention, in the first closed position, with the contact point closed; 4a shows the supervision, 4b shows the longitudinal section AB,

5a b shows, in a stylized and schematic illustration, the second embodiment of an insulating closure device according to the invention, in the second closure position, with the contact point open; 5a shows the supervision, 5b shows the longitudinal section AB,

6a b shows, in a stylized and schematic representation, a third embodiment of an insulating closure device according to the invention, in the first closed position, with the contact point closed; 6a shows the supervision, 6b shows the longitudinal section AB,

7a in a stylized and schematic representation of the third embodiment of an insulating closure device according to the invention, in the second closure position, with the contact point open; 7a shows the supervision, 7b shows the longitudinal section AB,

8a b shows, in a stylized and schematic illustration, a fourth embodiment of an insulating closure device according to the invention, in the first closed position, with the contact point closed; 8a shows the supervision, 8b shows the longitudinal section AB,

9 in a stylized representation of an embodiment of a known service switching device according to the prior art, with closed contact point,

10 in a stylized representation of an embodiment of a service switching device according to the invention, with a closed contact point,

11 in a stylized representation of the embodiment according to 10 , with open contact point,

12 in a stylized and schematic representation of an embodiment of a closure device according to the invention with guiding the slats in pockets on the housing wall.

It will be the 1a to 3b considered. These show a first embodiment of a closure device according to the invention 5 , The partial figures a each show the top view, the partial figures b show the longitudinal section along the section line AB. 1a and b show the closure device 5 in the first closing position. 3a and b show the closure device in the second closure position. 2a and b show the closure device in a transient position during the adjustment from the first closure position.

The closure device 5 is with two blades 6 . 7 educated. Each of the slats 6 . 7 is formed approximately as a rectangular thin plate of insulating material. The two slats 6 . 7 may slide along each other along a plane parallel to their broad side and in the direction of the displacement line L in this plane and overlap. You are in this plane parallel to their broad sides along the shift line L in opposite directions. The displacement direction is indicated by the arrows P1 and P2. The slat 6 has an approximately circular lamellar passage opening 9 , The slat 7 has an approximately circular lamellar passage opening 9 ' , In the first closing position after 1a , b are the two slats 6 . 7 positioned so that the first and second fins Through opening 9 . 9 ' lie one above the other. Both together form a passage opening 9a that the two slats 6 . 7 passes through and through the two contact pieces 3 . 4 can reach through.

The circular perimeter contour 61 the louver passage opening 9 in the lamella 6 represents the effective edge 61 the slat 6 dar. The circular peripheral contour 71 the louver passage opening 9 ' in the lamella 7 represents the effective edge 71 the slat 7 dar. The circular peripheral contour 91 the passage opening 9a through both slats 6 . 7 passing through the effective edges 61 and 71 educated.

The contact pieces 3 . 4 are shown schematically as cylindrical fingers with dome-shaped, facing each other ends. In 1a , b is the one of the two contact pieces 3 . 4 formed contact point 2 closed. The two contacts touch each other. The arrows P3, P4 indicate the effective direction of the contact pressure force, for example, each of a contact pressure spring on each of the two contact pieces 3 . 4 is exercised. In the embodiment shown here, each of the two contact pieces 3 . 4 a movable contact piece. There are also conceivable embodiments in which only one of the contact pieces 3 . 4 movable and the other are stationary. Likewise, the embodiment shown here is characterized, the two slats 6 . 7 are displaceable. There are also conceivable embodiments in which only one of the two slats is designed to be displaceable, and the other slat is fixed. But even with the longitudinal displacement of only one of the two slats results in the result of an opposite movement of the two slats 6 . 7 , against each other.

The slat 7 runs to the effective edge 71 , the circular peripheral contour of the through hole 9 ' , too pointed. Starting from the pointed shaped peripheral contour 71 the passage opening 9 ' has the slat 7 on each of the two opposite sides in the longitudinal direction of the lamella a bevel 72 . 72 which has a ramp-shaped widening in the longitudinal direction of the lamella 7 from the peripheral contour 71 starting up to the full thickness of the lamella 7 forms. The two chamfers 72 . 72 have different gradients here. That can, but does not have to be that way.

The slat 6 runs to the effective edge 61 , the circular peripheral contour of the through hole 9 , too pointed. Starting from the pointed shaped peripheral contour 61 the passage opening 9 has the slat 6 on each of the two opposite sides in the longitudinal direction of the lamella a bevel 62 . 62 ' which has a ramp-shaped widening in the longitudinal direction of the lamella 6 from the peripheral contour 61 starting up to the full thickness of the lamella 6 forms. The two chamfers 62 . 62 ' have different gradients here. That can, but does not have to be that way.

In the slat 7 is located at the interface with the lamella 6 towards an insulating sealing lip 73 , In the slat 6 is located at the interface with the lamella 7 towards an insulating sealing lip 63 , The two sealing lips 63 . 73 serve to create a small gap between the two lamellae 6 . 7 arises in the sliding plane to seal, so that in the case of a resulting arc no conductive arc gases can pass through this gap from one side to the other side of the slats.

It will now be the 2a and b is considered. Unlike the first closing position after 1a and b are the slats here 6 . 7 have already been moved a bit far in opposite directions, along the sliding plane between them and in the direction of the displacement line L. The effective edge 71 the slat 7 and the effective edge 61 the slat 6 have moved towards each other. As a result, the effective area of the passage opening 9a got smaller. And the bevel 72 the slat 7 is under the contact piece 3 drove and raised it, as well as the bevel 62 ' the slat 6 under the contact piece 4 drove and it has also lifted off. The two contact pieces 3 . 4 are due to the sliding movement through the two slats 6 . 7 separated from each other. Between the two contact pieces 3 . 4 is an arc 40 emerged. The arc has only the space of the through hole 9a at his disposal, he is otherwise from the slats 6 . 7 enclosed on all sides. The space of the passage opening 9a becomes smaller with increasing counter-rotating displacement of the slats.

Finally, the slats reach 6 . 7 the second closing position after the 3a and b. Here lies the lamellar passage opening 9 in the lamella 6 far next to the contact piece 4 , and the louver passage opening 9 ' in the lamella 7 is far away from the contact piece 3 and also far away from the louver passage 9 in the lamella 6 , The lamellar passage openings 9 and 9 ' have no more overlap. In the second closure position, therefore, there is no overlap of the two lamellar passage openings 9 . 9 ' given more, so that thereby the passage opening 9a for the contact pieces 3 . 4 is completely closed. The contact pieces 3 . 4 are completely electric and spatially separated. They are in different subspaces 41 . 42 , on both sides of the insulating lamellae 6 . 7 , The way from the contact piece 4 to each of the two through holes in the slats, so the creepage distance between the contact pieces 3 . 4 , is far enough to provide electrical insulation of the two contact pieces 3 . 4 to ensure safe. An arc resulting from the contact opening is thereby already narrowed and cut short after the beginning of its formation.

It will now be the 4a , Federation 5a , b is considered. These show an embodiment of the invention, in which coupling means are provided which control the sliding movement of the slats 6 . 7 along the sliding line L in a lifting movement of the contact pieces 3 . 4 from each other for electrical and spatial separation of the contacts converts. As a result, a forced separation of the contacts in the opposite displacement of the slats 6 . 7 in a sense through the slats 6 . 7 self-initiated, not by a separate actuator mechanics and not by the actuator mechanics that the slats 6 . 7 drives. This is another possibility, a forced separation of the contacts 3 . 4 in the opposite movement of the slats 6 . 7 to reach.

The coupling means comprise a ramp-shaped Anformung 50 . 50 ' at the lamella 7 . 6 and one with the respective lamella 7 . 6 assigned contact piece 3 . 4 coupled, one-sided in a pivot axis 52 . 52 ' pivotally mounted lever 51 . 51 ' , In the longitudinal displacement of the lamella 6 . 7 along the sliding line L on the second closure position towards the ramp-shaped Anformung 50 . 50 ' the lever 51 . 51 ' giving away from the slat.

4a , b shows the state in the first closed position, 5a , b shows the state in the second closing position, the lever 51 . 51 ' is due to the ramp-shaped Anformung 50 . 50 ' been pivoted.

The coupling of the lever 51 . 51 ' with the slat 6 . 7 done so that on the lever 51 . 51 ' also a ramp-shaped Anformung 53 . 53 ' attached, which is a slope 54 . 54 ' with a slope similar to the slope of the ramp-shaped Anformung 50 . 50 ' at the lamella 6 . 7 Has. Both ramped formations 50 . 53 ; 50 ' . 53 ' lie with their slopes to each other, the slopes can slide along each other. With a longitudinal displacement of the lamella 6 . 7 gives way to the lamella 6 . 7 connected ramp 50 . 50 ' Sliding along the slope, upwards, from the lamella 6 . 7 away, out. Due to the one-sided pivotable mounting on the pivot axis 52 . 52 ' The evasive movement will move upwards in a pivotal movement away from the lamella 6 . 7 implemented. That with the lever 51 . 51 ' coupled contact piece 3 . 4 is thus also from the lamella 6 . 7 swung away, and it gets it from the contact point 2 lifted, the contact point 2 will be opened.

It will be the 6a , Federation 7a , b is considered. In the embodiment of the invention shown there are separation support means 55 present, which in the opposite sliding movement of the slats 6 . 7 along the displacement line L from the first to the second closure position towards the contact pressure P3, P4 opposing force F, F 'on the contact pieces 3 . 4 exercise and thus the separation of the contact pieces 3 . 4 support. The retraction of the slats 6 . 7 between the contact pieces 3 . 4 to their separation is facilitated. The separation support means 55 separate the contact pieces 3 . 4 not yourself. They only reduce the effective contact pressure force with which the contact pieces 3 . 4 pressed against each other, making it the fins 6 . 7 then easier, between the contact pieces 3 . 4 to crowd and with their chamfers 72 . 62 ' the contact pieces 3 . 4 actually separate electrically and spatially from each other.

In the embodiment of the invention described above, in which coupling means are provided which control the sliding movement of the slats 6 . 7 along the sliding line L in a lifting movement of the contact pieces 3 . 4 from each other for electrical and spatial separation of the contacts 3 . 4 implements are the coupling agents 51 . 51 ' designed so that they additionally perform the function of the separation support means. The pivotally mounted lever 51 . 51 ' has at least partially resilient properties in the manner of a spiral spring 55 , Their restoring spring force F, F 'when pivoting due to the application of the lever 51 . 51 ' away from the slat 6 . 7 the contact pressure force counteracts, whereby the function of the separation support means is met. The separation support means here is the part of the lever which has a resilient property 51 . 51 , It can also be the whole lever 51 . 51 ' be formed in the manner of a cantilevered leaf spring.

It will now be the 8a , b is considered. In the embodiment shown here, to suppress or prevent arcing during the opening operation, the part formed as a ramp or bevel is formed 56 . 56 ' the effective edges of the slats 6 . 7 made of conductive resistive material, so as not to generate an arc in the initial phase of contact separation, but still allow a limited short-circuit current flow. As a result, initially the current flow does not completely break off during the contact separation and initially no arc is produced. Only when the ramp or bevel 72 . 62 ' the slat 6 . 7 completely under the contacts 3 . 4 is moved, the moving part of the slats changes into an insulating, non-conductive material section. Since at this time the Passage opening is already mostly closed, an arc can be difficult to form and the short-circuit current is completely interrupted or turned off. The electrical load on the ramps made of resistance material in the slats does not exceed their load limits, since the duration of the energy load is greatly limited by a very fast movement of the two slats in the second closure position inside.

It will now be the 12 considered. Here is an embodiment of the invention is shown in which the slats 6 . 7 between each two laterally from the housing wall 57 . 57 ' inwardly projecting webs 58 . 59 . 58 ' . 59 ' slidably inserted. This causes the slats 6 . 7 , guided and at the same time nested and therefore also electrically sealed against each other better. The air and creepage distance between the subspaces 41 , above the slats 6 . 7 , and 42 , below the slats 6 . 7 , is thereby enlarged.

It will be the 9 to 11 considered. The 9 shows in a schematic and stylized representation of an insight into a known service switching device 1' , It is a circuit breaker. Such circuit breakers are known in principle. The other functional assemblies and their functional interaction largely correspond to those known in the prior art, see for example the DE 10 2009 006 863 A1 ,

Such a service switching device is for example a circuit breaker, a residual current circuit breaker, a motor protection switch or the like. Such service switching devices are set up and are used to leave a current path, which is passed through the device between two terminals, closed during normal operation under nominal conditions, and to interrupt it in the event of a fault, especially in the event of a short circuit. A short-circuit current is present when the current flowing through the current path inside the device suddenly rises to a multiple of the rated current. An installation switching device according to the invention therefore has a Stromüberwachungs- and tripping device to detect the presence of a short-circuit current and to cause a corresponding interruption of the current path by opening the contact point. For this purpose, an installation switching device according to the invention has an actuator mechanism. The actuator mechanism is a mechanical arrangement that can act on the movable contact piece so that the movable contact piece is removed from the fixed or, in the case of two movable contact pieces, from the opposite second movable contact piece and thus the contact point is opened. In this case, arrangements such as a mechanical rear derailleur or an impact armature arrangement or the like are subsumed under the term actuator mechanics.

If, in the case of a short-circuit current, the contact point is opened, this results in a switching arc between the two contact pieces which are separated from one another.

In a today known circuit breaker a pending short circuit on the impact of the contact point is turned off. This creates an arc. The magnetic field surrounding this arc drives the arc out of the open contact point via arc guide rails provided in an arc extinguishing chamber. This is usually a formed from stacked quenching plates arc splitter stack, also denominated as a multi-plate chamber, also referred to as Deionkammer. The arc passes through the multi-plate chamber, then it goes out. In the multi-chamber, the arc is divided into a series of successive partial arcing, it is also said that he is stretched. The result is a so-called anode-cathode case per sheet. During this process, the short-circuit current is limited because an arc stretched in this sense, ie many arcs in series, acts as an increased resistance in a circuit.

An arc contains a great deal of electrical energy, which, once created and uncontrolled, can be unpredictable and destructive.

With each arc run, the arc carries material on its way and soils the inside of the circuit breaker. This has a negative effect on the insulation resistance and on the total number of possible short circuits. Whether the arc reaches its intended destination is also dependent on a pressure wave created by itself, the materials used, and the geometric conditions.

If it fails to extinguish the arc quickly enough, it can stop and destroy the installation switchgear.

The short-circuit breaking capacity of a service switching device, from which the invention proceeds, is dependent on the arc running. The better the arc curve is controlled or predetermined and the faster the arc can be extinguished, the higher the short-circuit breaking capacity.

Although an embodiment of the invention is based on such a circuit breaker. However, the scope of the invention is not limited thereto. The pad environment may be different from the manner indicated in the circuit breaker manner. The person skilled in the art knows the conceivable possibilities and will use them depending on the application. For example, the invention can also be applied to switching devices with a double contact point, for example with a contact bridge, as used in particular for circuit breakers or motor protection switches use.

The service switching device 1' has a housing 11 from an insulating material. The housing 11 has a front front 12 on which a switch knob 13 pivotally protrudes for manual switching of the device. On a mounting side 14 becomes the service switching device 1' mounted on mounting rails in an installation distributor, for example on standard profile rails. For this purpose, usually fastening devices are provided, but not shown here.

On the narrow sides 15 . 16 there are access terminals 17 . 18 for connecting connecting leads, not shown here. Inside the service switching device 1' runs between the two access terminals 17 . 18 the current path, its current flow in the service switching device 1' monitored and switched.

The current path runs from the one access terminal 17 to a thermal release comprising a bimetallic strip 19 which it flows through and thus directly heated. From the free end of the bimetallic strip 19 carries a movable wire 20 the current path to a pivotally mounted movable contact lever 21 , which at its free end the movable contact piece 4 the contact point 2 wearing. From the fixed contact piece 3 the contact point 2 The current path continues via guide rails 25 . 26 and via the trip coil of an electromagnetic bumper armature assembly 8b to the second access terminal 18 ,

If the contact point 2 is opened at a short-circuit current in the current path, it is formed between the fixed and the movable contact piece 3 . 4 an arc. This commutates on arc guide rails 25 . 26 Make it an arc splitter package 27 to lead. There it is divided into a series of partial arcs and made to extinguish.

The device also has a mechanical rear derailleur 8a that with the bimetallic bimetal 19 , the movable contact lever 21 and the bumper armature assembly 8b can interact. This interaction takes place via mechanical active connections, which are - in principle known - mechanical lever arrangements over which forces and movements are transmitted. In the figures, the active compounds by dashed active connecting lines 28 - 33 shown schematically and stylized.

When the device is switched on by hand, the switch-on swivel movement of the switch knob will be activated 13 along a first operative connection line 28 on the rear derailleur 8a transfer. If the latching point of the derailleur 8a is latched, the rear derailleur acts 8a then along a second operative connection line 29 so on the contact lever 21 one that pivots counterclockwise and the contact point 2 closes. When the device is turned off by hand, the turn-off swinging motion of the switch knob becomes 13 along the first operative link 28 so on the rear derailleur 8a transmit that the latching point of the derailleur 8a unlatched. Along a third operative line 30 becomes the contact lever 21 then released by a return spring (not shown) in a clockwise direction to the opening of the contact point 2 to be pivoted.

If in case of overcurrent, the bimetallic strip 19 turns to the left, counterclockwise, so it acts along a fourth operative line 31 on the rear derailleur 8a for unlatching of its Verklinkungsstelle, whereupon then along the third active connection line 30 the contact lever 21 is released to rotate by the return spring (not shown) in a clockwise direction to the opening of the contact point 2 to be pivoted.

In the case of a short-circuit current, the impact armature system acts 8b on the one hand along a fifth operative connection line 32 directly on the contact lever 21 in order to beat this quickly, on the other hand along a sixth operative line 33 on the rear derailleur 8a for unlatching of its latching point and thus the permanent keeping open of the contact point 2 , The fifth active connection line 32 is often realized by a so-called striker, the under a caused by the short-circuit current magnetic force against the contact lever 21 is beaten.

The 10 and 11 show with the reference number 1 the further development of the invention in 9 described installation switching device 1' , 10 shows the state when the contact point is closed, 11 shows the state when pressed apart by the slats contact pieces. The invention Service switching device 1 has no more arc splitter stack, also no arc guide rails. The contact point 2 is an insulating closure device 5 assigned as they are in the 1 to 8th has been shown and described.

The impact anchor system 8b here forms the drive device for the slats 6 . 7 the closure device 5 , In the event of a short circuit pushes the impact anchor system, indicated by the active connecting lines 34 . 35 , very fast the slats 6 . 7 between the contacts, pushes them apart and then keeps them separated. An arc can be formed only briefly in the initial stage and is immediately from the lamellae 6 . 7 cut off.

About the handle 13 and the rear derailleur 8a the contact point can still be operated by hand.

About the bimetallic strip 19 in conjunction with the rear derailleur 8a the contact point can still be opened at a longer overcurrent.

Because of the arc-cutting effect of the closure device according to the invention in the formation phase, it can also be referred to as an arc scissors.

It is understood that the representation of the use of a closure device according to the invention in the 10 and 11 is meant only as an example and in no way limiting. The inventive principle of the arc scissors can be used for all types of voltage, voltage levels, types of frequencies, frequency levels, types of currents and current levels. For this purpose, it may be necessary to constructively adapt the size, design, release mechanisms, drives, air and creepage distances, etc.

• • ein sehr schneller Abschaltvorgang und infolge dessen eine sehr niedrige Durchlassenergie und ein niedriger Durchlassstrom,
• • aufgrund der Schnelligkeit der erfindungsgemäßen Verschlussvorrichtung gutes Schaltvermögen auch von Kurzschlussströmen mit sehr steilem Stromanstieg, wie es z. B. bei der Speisung aus einer Gruppe von Batterien für z. B. Rechenzentren der Fall ist, im Betriebs- oder Fehlerfall,
• • gutes Schaltvermögen aller Stromarten wie z. B. Gleich- oder Wechselströme im Betriebs- oder Fehlerfall,
• • gutes Schaltvermögen aller Spannungsebenen wie z. B. Klein-, Nieder-, Mittel-Hochspannung im Betriebs- oder Fehlerfall,
• • höhere Kontaktlebensdauer durch weniger Verschleiß aufgrund der niedrigen Durchlassenergie und des niedrigen Durchlassstroms,
• • Entlastung des ganzen Gerätes aufgrund geringerer Wärmeentwicklung, geringeren Druckes und geringerer Verschmutzung aufgrund der niedrigen Durchlassenergie und des niedrigen Durchlassstroms,
• • Entlastung der gesamten nachgeschalteten elektrischen Anlage aufgrund geringerer Durchlassenergie, also eine höhere Energiebegrenzung,
• • selektives Verhalten gegenüber vorgeschalteten Schutzschaltern (z. B. Schmelzsicherungen, Leistungsschalter oder Leitungsschutzschalter, etc.) kann erzielt werden, da diese viel träger sind,
• • selektives Verhalten zu nachgeschalteten Schutzschaltern, indem ein zusätzlicher Nebenstrompfad parallel zum Hauptstrompfad installiert wird, welcher bei Öffnung bzw. Trennung des Hauptstrompfades noch eine vorbestimmt gesteuerte Zeit einen begrenzten Fehlerstrom aufrechterhält, um den nachgeschalteten Schutzorganen vorrangig das Auslösen zu ermöglichen,
• • mehr Eigensicherheit für das Gerät selbst und alle nachgeschalteten elektrischen Komponenten, da die vielen Einflüsse, die sich aus dem Lichtbogenlauf ergeben, weniger ins Gewicht fallen,
• • Produktionserleichterung durch den Wegfall vieler Einflüsse, die einen Lichtbogenlauf behindern,
• • Geringe Verlustleistung der erfindungsgemäßen Verschlussvorrichtung, durch Unterbindung von Kohlenstoffablagerung auf den Kontaktstücken 3, 4 im Bereich der Kontaktstelle 2, durch den selbstreinigenden Effekt der Reibwirkung der Rampen 72, 62' der Lamellen 6, 7 welche die Kontaktstücke 3, 4 beim Schließ- und Öffnungsvorgang berühren.

Due to the arrangement according to the invention of an insulating closure device at the contact point or at the contact points, there are, inter alia, the following advantages:

• A very fast turn-off operation and consequently a very low let-through energy and a low forward current,
• • due to the rapidity of the closure device according to the invention good switching capacity and short-circuit currents with very steep current increase, as z. B. in the supply of a group of batteries for z. B. data centers is the case, in case of operation or error,
• • good switching capacity of all types of current such. B. DC or AC currents in case of operation or error,
• • good switching capacity of all voltage levels such. B. low, low, medium high voltage in case of operation or error,
• Higher contact life due to less wear due to low transmission energy and low forward current,
• • Relief of the whole device due to lower heat generation, lower pressure and less pollution due to the low let-through energy and the low forward current,
• • relief of the entire downstream electrical system due to lower let-through energy, so a higher energy limit,
• • selective behavior compared to upstream circuit breakers (eg fuses, circuit breakers or circuit breakers, etc.) can be achieved as they are much more sluggish,
• Selective behavior to downstream circuit breakers by installing an additional bypass path in parallel with the main circuit path, which maintains a limited fault current for a predetermined period of time upon opening or disconnecting the main circuit, to allow the downstream protection devices primarily to trip;
• • more intrinsic safety for the device itself and all downstream electrical components, since the many influences resulting from the arc run are of less importance,
• • Facilitation of production due to the elimination of many influences that hinder an arc run,
• Low power loss of the closure device according to the invention, by inhibiting carbon deposition on the contact pieces 3 . 4 in the area of the contact point 2 , due to the self-cleaning effect of the friction effect of the ramps 72 . 62 ' the slats 6 . 7 which the contact pieces 3 . 4 touch during closing and opening.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

Service switching device

1'

Service switching device

2

contact point

3

first contact piece

4

second contact piece

5

insulating closure device

6

lamella

7

lamella

8a

Actuator mechanism, rear derailleur

8b

Actuator mechanics, impact anchor

9

Fin through hole

9 '

Fin through hole

9a

Through opening

11

casing

12

front front

13

toggle switch

14

mounting side

15

narrow side

16

narrow side

17

access terminal

18

access terminal

19

thermostatic bimetal

20

braid

21

movable contact lever

25

Arc guide rail

26

Arc guide rail

27

Arc splitter stack

28

first operative connection line

29

second operative connection line

30

third active connection line

31

fourth operative connection line

32

fifth active connection line

33

sixth active connection line

34

seventh operative connection line

35

Eighth operative connection line

40

Electric arc

41

subspace

42

subspace

50

ramp-shaped formation

50 '

ramp-shaped formation

51

pivotally mounted lever

51 '

pivotally mounted lever

52

swivel axis

52 '

swivel axis

53

ramp-shaped formation

53 '

ramp-shaped formation

54

slope

54 '

slope

55

Separation support means, spiral spring

55 '

Separation support means

56

Part of conductive resistance material

56 '

Part of conductive resistance material

57

housing wall

57 '

housing wall

58

web

58 '

web

59

web

59 '

web

61

effective edge of the lamella 6

62

bevel

62 '

bevel

63

sealing lip

71

effective edge of the lamella 7

72

bevel

72 '

bevel

73

sealing lip

91

Circumferential contour of the passage opening

L

displacement line

P1

arrow

P2

arrow

P3

Arrow, contact pressure force

P4

Arrow, contact pressure force

F

restoring force

F '

restoring force

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• DE 102009006863 A1 [0077]

Claims (15)

Electric switch ( 1 ) arranged to interrupt a current path, having at least one contact point ( 2 ), with a first and a second, in particular a fixed and a movable contact piece ( 3 . 4 ), the contact point ( 2 ) is closed when the contact pieces ( 3 . 4 ) and the contact point ( 2 ) is open when the contact pieces ( 3 . 4 Do not touch, characterized in that the switch comprises adjustable insulating elements which open the contact point and can hold apart the contacts after opening, and which can disperse the contact pieces to open the contact point and thereby narrow a resulting arc and cut. Electric switch ( 1 ), according to claim 1, characterized in that the adjustable insulating elements one of the contact point ( 2 ) associated with insulating closure device ( 5 ), which with a number of overlapping lamellae ( 6 . 7 ), wherein in a first closure position the effective edges ( 71 . 61 ) of the slats ( 6 . 7 ) the closed peripheral contour ( 91 ) a passage opening ( 9a ), through which the contact pieces ( 3 . 4 ) with closed contact point ( 2 ), wherein at an outgoing from the first closure position an opposite movement of the slats ( 6 . 7 ) along a displacement line (L), and thereby the size of the passage opening ( 9 ) decreases with increasing displacement and the slats ( 6 . 7 ) press the contact pieces apart, thereby narrowing and cutting off a resulting arc until a second closure position is reached, in which the contact pieces of the slats ( 6 . 7 ) are pressed apart and the opening is completely closed and the contact pieces ( 3 . 4 ) spatially and electrically separated on opposite sides of the slats ( 6 . 7 ) are located. Electric switch ( 1 ) according to claim 2, characterized in that the insulating closure device is similar in construction to an iris diaphragm comprising a plurality of blades whose effective edges form an approximately circular peripheral contour of the through hole and which are rotatable together towards or away from each other via an adjustment mechanism, wherein the Through hole regardless of the size of almost circular and its center remains stationary, wherein the lamellae are made of an insulating material and overlap in the second closure position, whereby the passage opening completely closed in the second closure position and thus a complete electrical and spatial separation of the contacts when open Contact point is reached. Electric switch ( 1 ) according to claim 2, characterized in that the closure device with two overlapping and in a plane parallel to their broad sides along the displacement line (L) in opposite directions sliding slats ( 6 . 7 ), wherein a first lamella ( 6 ) a first louver passage opening ( 9 ) and the second lamella ( 7 ) a second louver passage opening ( 9 ' ), wherein in the first closure position, the first and the second louver passage opening ( 9 . 9 ' ) lie over one another to form the passage opening ( 9a ) for the contact pieces, and wherein in the second closure position no overlap of the two lamellar passage openings ( 9 . 9 ' ) is given more, so that thereby the passage opening ( 9a ) is completely closed for the contact pieces. Electric switch ( 1 ) according to claim 2, characterized in that the closure device with two overlapping lamellae ( 6 . 7 ), wherein a first lamella ( 6 ) a first louver passage ( 9 ) and the second lamella ( 7 ) a second louver passage opening ( 9 ' ), wherein a lamella is fixed and the second lamella is displaceable in a plane parallel to the broad sides of the lamellae along the displacement line (L), thereby resulting in an opposite displacement of the two lamellae relative to each other, wherein in the first closure position, the first and the second louver passage ( 9 . 9 ' ) lie over one another to form the passage opening ( 9a ) for the contact pieces, and wherein in the second closure position no overlap of the two lamellar passage openings ( 9 . 9 ' ) is given more, so that thereby the passage opening ( 9a ) is completely closed for the contact pieces. Electrical switch according to claim 2, characterized in that at least a portion of the closed peripheral contour of the passage opening forming effective edges extends obliquely to the direction of displacement of the lamella, in the form of a ramp or chamfer ( 72 . 62 . 62 ' ), so that in the opposite movement of the slats ( 6 . 7 ) the oblique section ( 62 . 62 ' . 72 ) of the effective edges of the through hole associated contact piece presses from the other contact piece to the opening of the contact point away. Electrical switch according to claim 2, characterized in that coupling means are provided which control the sliding movement of the slats ( 6 . 7 ) along the sliding line (L) in a lift-off movement of the contact pieces ( 3 . 4 ) to each other electrical and spatial separation of the contact pieces ( 3 . 4 ). Electric switch according to Claim 7, characterized in that the coupling means have a ramp-shaped projection ( 50 ) on the lamella ( 6 . 7 ) and one with the respective lamella ( 6 . 7 ) associated contact piece ( 4 . 3 ) coupled, one-sided pivotally mounted lever ( 51 ), wherein the ramp-shaped Anformung ( 50 ) in the longitudinal displacement of the blade ( 6 . 7 ) along the sliding line (L) from the first towards the second closing position towards the lever ( 51 ) of the lamella ( 6 . 7 ) on the way giving away. Electrical switch according to claim 2, characterized in that separation support means ( 55 ) are present, which in the opposite sliding movement of the slats ( 6 . 7 ) along the displacement line (L) from the first to the second closure position towards the contact pressure force (P3, P4) opposing force (F, F ') on the contact pieces ( 6 . 7 ) and thus the separation of the contact pieces ( 3 . 4 ) support. Electric switch according to claim 9, characterized in that coupling means are provided which control the sliding movement of the slats ( 6 . 7 ) along the sliding line (L) in a lift-off movement of the contact pieces ( 3 . 4 ) from each other for the electrical and spatial separation of the contact pieces ( 3 . 4 ), the coupling means additionally having the function of the separation support means ( 55 ) exercise. Electric switch according to claim 6, characterized in that in the form of a ramp or chamfer ( 72 . 62 . 62 ' ) formed part of the effective edges of the slats ( 6 . 7 ) consists of conductive resistance material. Electric switch according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a drive device for adjusting the insulating material is provided. Electric switch according to claim 12, characterized in that the drive device comprises a power storage drive or an electromagnetic drive. Electrical switch according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the switch is an installation switching device with an overcurrent and / or short-circuit current release and an actuator mechanism ( 8a . 8b ) for opening and / or closing the contact point is. Electric switch according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the switch is a contactor or a main switch or a circuit breaker or the contact point is included in a gas-filled capsule or the contact point is included in a vacuum chamber.

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