DE102009053138A1 - Electrically operated vehicle, has battery for storing electricity, and energy absorbing element provided in area directly surrounding battery or battery box for reducing kinetic energy of battery and/or vehicle during accidents - Google Patents
Electrically operated vehicle, has battery for storing electricity, and energy absorbing element provided in area directly surrounding battery or battery box for reducing kinetic energy of battery and/or vehicle during accidents Download PDFInfo
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- DE102009053138A1 DE102009053138A1 DE102009053138A DE102009053138A DE102009053138A1 DE 102009053138 A1 DE102009053138 A1 DE 102009053138A1 DE 102009053138 A DE102009053138 A DE 102009053138A DE 102009053138 A DE102009053138 A DE 102009053138A DE 102009053138 A1 DE102009053138 A1 DE 102009053138A1
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- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
- B60K1/04—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units of the electric storage means for propulsion
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
- B60L3/0007—Measures or means for preventing or attenuating collisions
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
- B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
- B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
- B60L50/64—Constructional details of batteries specially adapted for electric vehicles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
- B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
- B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
- B60L50/66—Arrangements of batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
- H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
- H01M50/218—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by the material
- H01M50/22—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by the material of the casings or racks
- H01M50/222—Inorganic material
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
- H01M50/218—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by the material
- H01M50/22—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by the material of the casings or racks
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- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
- H01M50/218—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by the material
- H01M50/22—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by the material of the casings or racks
- H01M50/229—Composite material consisting of a mixture of organic and inorganic materials
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
- H01M50/233—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by physical properties of casings or racks, e.g. dimensions
- H01M50/24—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by physical properties of casings or racks, e.g. dimensions adapted for protecting batteries from their environment, e.g. from corrosion
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
- H01M50/233—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by physical properties of casings or racks, e.g. dimensions
- H01M50/242—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by physical properties of casings or racks, e.g. dimensions adapted for protecting batteries against vibrations, collision impact or swelling
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
- H01M50/244—Secondary casings; Racks; Suspension devices; Carrying devices; Holders characterised by their mounting method
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
- H01M50/249—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders specially adapted for aircraft or vehicles, e.g. cars or trains
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
- B60K1/04—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units of the electric storage means for propulsion
- B60K2001/0455—Removal or replacement of the energy storages
- B60K2001/0494—Removal or replacement of the energy storages with arrangements for sliding
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
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- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Arrangement Or Mounting Of Propulsion Units For Vehicles (AREA)
- Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
Abstract
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Fahrzeug, vorzugsweise elektrisch betreibbares Fahrzeug mit einer Tragstruktur (1) mindestens einer Batterie (2) zur Speicherung elektrischer Energie, wobei die Batterie (2) oder ein die Batterie (2) umgebender Batteriekasten (3) über mindestens ein Fixierelement (4, 5a, 5b) mit der Tragstruktur (1) verbunden und/oder über das Fixierelement (4) in oder an der Tragstruktur (1) in Position gehaltert ist, und in dem die Batterie (2) oder den Batteriekasten (3) unmittelbar umgebenden Bereich mindestens ein Energieabsorbierelement (5) vorgesehen ist, das zur Vernichtung der kinetischen Energie der Batterie und/oder des Fahrzeugs im Crashfall dient, sowie ein Verfahren zur Aufnahme kinetischer Energie in einem eingetretenen oder kurz bevorstehenden Crashfall eines Fahrzeugs.The invention relates to a vehicle, preferably electrically operable vehicle having a support structure (1) of at least one battery (2) for storing electrical energy, the battery (2) or a battery box (3) surrounding the battery (2) via at least one fixing element (3). 4, 5a, 5b) is connected to the supporting structure (1) and / or is held in position via the fixing element (4) in or on the supporting structure (1), and in which the battery (2) or the battery box (3) directly surrounding area at least one Energieabsorbierelement (5) is provided, which serves to destroy the kinetic energy of the battery and / or the vehicle in the event of a crash, and a method for absorbing kinetic energy in a occurred or imminent crash case of a vehicle.
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Fahrzeug, vorzugsweise elektrisch betreibbares Fahrzeug mit einer Tragstruktur und mindestens einer Batterie zur Speicherung elektrischer Energie, wobei die Batterie oder ein die Batterie umgebender Batteriekasten über mindestens ein Fixierelement mit der Tragstruktur verbunden und/oder über das Fixierelement in oder an der Tragstruktur gehaltert ist.The invention relates to a vehicle, preferably electrically operable vehicle having a support structure and at least one battery for storing electrical energy, wherein the battery or a battery box surrounding the battery via at least one fixing element connected to the support structure and / or via the fixing element in or on the support structure is held.
Die
Die Druckschrift
Die Druckschrift
Bei den beschriebenen Batterien handelt es sich zudem um Batterien zur Stromversorgung der elektrischen Verbraucher eines Fahrzeugs. Die erfindungsgemäße Batterie dient primär zur elektrischen Energieversorgung eines elektrisch betreibbaren Elektro- oder Hybridfahrzeugs. Aktuell liegt die Energiedichte der hierfür eingesetzten Batterien (z. B. Blei-, NiMH, Li-FePO4- oder Li-Ionen-Akkumulatoren) noch weit unter einem Wert von 1 kWh pro Kilo Gewicht der Batterie, so dass eine entsprechen große Batteriemasse resultiert. Die Batterie dient dabei allein der Stromversorgung des Fahrzeugs und erfüllt trotz des hohen Gewichtes keine weiteren Zusatzfunktionen.The described batteries are also batteries for powering the electrical consumers of a vehicle. The battery according to the invention serves primarily for the electrical power supply of an electrically operated electric or hybrid vehicle. Currently, the energy density of the batteries used for this purpose (eg lead, NiMH, Li-FePO 4 - or Li-ion batteries) is still far below a value of 1 kWh per kilo weight of the battery, so that a correspondingly large battery mass results. The battery only serves the power supply of the vehicle and meets despite the high weight no additional functions.
Nachteilig am Stand der Technik ist, dass die Batterie oder der die Batterie umgebende Batteriekasten zum einen nur so innerhalb eines Fahrzeugs in Position gehalten wird, dass sich die Batterie aufgrund der bei einem Crash auftretenden Kräfte nicht verlagert und so vor Zerstörung weitgehend geschützt ist, oder zum anderen die Batterie so verlagerbar ist, dass diese lediglich gezielt aus dem Deformationsbereich des Fahrzeugs verbracht wird.A disadvantage of the prior art is that the battery or the battery box surrounding the battery box is kept only in such a position within a vehicle, that the battery is not displaced due to the forces occurring in a crash and is largely protected from destruction, or on the other hand, the battery is displaced so that it is only spent deliberately from the deformation range of the vehicle.
Vor diesem Hintergrund liegt der Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Fahrzeug anzugeben, in welchem die Batterie bzw. der Batteriekasten vor einer Beschädigung geschützt wird und gleichzeitig eine Verbesserung der Fahrzeug- bzw. Personensicherheit erfüllt ist.Against this background, the invention has for its object to provide a vehicle in which the battery or the battery box is protected from damage and at the same time an improvement in vehicle or personal safety is met.
Erfindungsgemäß wird diese Aufgabe dadurch gelöst, dass in dem die Batterie oder den Batteriekasten unmittelbar umgebenden Bereich mindestens ein Energieabsorbierelement vorgesehen ist, das zur Vernichtung der kinetischen Energie der Batterie und/oder des Fahrzeugs im Crashfall dient. Bei dem Batteriekasten handelt es sich vorzugsweise um ein Batteriegehäuse. Die erfindungsgemäße Anordnung von Energieabsorbierelementen im Bereich der Batterie oder des Batteriekastens ermöglicht es, den Teil der kinetischen Energie des Fahrzeugs über das mindestens eine Energieabsorbierelement aufzunehmen, der auf die Masse der Batterie bzw. des Batteriekastens entfällt.According to the invention, this object is achieved in that at least one energy absorbing element is provided in the area directly surrounding the battery or the battery box, which serves to destroy the kinetic energy of the battery and / or the vehicle in the event of a crash. The battery box is preferably a battery case. The inventive arrangement of energy absorbing elements in the region of the battery or the battery box makes it possible to absorb the part of the kinetic energy of the vehicle via the at least one energy absorbing element, which accounts for the mass of the battery or the battery box.
Für den Fall, dass das erfindungsgemäße Fahrzeug steht oder von einem anderen Objekt mit einer höheren Relativgeschwindigkeit getroffen wird, wirken die im Bereich der Batterie oder des Batteriekastens angeordneten Energieabsorbierelement vorteilhaft mit den an sich bekannten Crash-Management-Systemen des Fahrzeugs zusammen. Vorteilhaft kann der Bereich um die Batterie oder den Batteriekasten daher als weitere Deformationszone genutzt werden, sodass die an sich bekannten Crash-Management-Systeme erfindungsgemäß ergänzt werden bzw. geringer dimensioniert werden können.In the event that the vehicle according to the invention is stationary or is hit by another object with a higher relative speed, the energy-absorbing elements arranged in the region of the battery or of the battery box advantageously cooperate with the crash management systems of the vehicle known per se. Advantageously, the area around the battery or the battery box can therefore be used as a further deformation zone, so that the known crash management systems can be supplemented according to the invention or can be dimensioned smaller.
Das Energieabsorbierelement ist vorzugsweise als eine Kombination eines Zerspanungselements mit einem zugehörigen Zerspanungsgegenelement, Crashabsorber, Crashbox, Crashelement, Energieverzehrelement, Faltenbildungselement, Beulelement, Anprallelement, Element mit einer zellularen Struktur, Element mit einer Wabenstruktur, Metallschaum, Kunststoffschaum, GFK-Element, CFK-Element, Aramidfaser-Element, Wickelrohr, Druckkolben, ein Energieabsorbierelement mit einer im Wesentlichen kontinuierlich oder gradiert ansteigenden Energieaufnahme, ein Energieabsorbierelement mit einer im Wesentlichen konstanten Energieaufnahme oder eine Kombination der vorgenannten Möglichkeiten ausgebildet. Insbesondere ein polymerer Energieabsorber wie er in der
In einer vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung sind das mindestens eine Fixierelement und das mindestens eine Energieabsorbierelement als eine integrale Einheit ausgebildet. Das Energieabsorbierelement kann so ausgebildet sein, dass es die Batterie oder den Batteriekasten in der Tragstruktur in Position hält oder eine Verbindung zwischen Tragstruktur und Batteriekasten oder Batterie herstellt. Dies kann beispielhaft durch einen Formschluss erreicht werden indem die Energieabsorbierelemente direkt an der Batterie oder dem Batteriekasten anliegen und so in Position halten. Vorteilhaft wird durch diese Funktionsintegrität Bauraum und Gewicht eingespart.In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the at least one fixing element and the at least one energy-absorbing element are formed as an integral unit. The energy absorbing member may be configured to hold the battery or the battery box in place in the support structure or to make a connection between the support structure and the battery box or battery. This can be achieved by way of example by a form fit by the energy absorbing elements lie directly on the battery or the battery box and hold in position. Advantageously, space and weight are saved by this functional integrity.
Vorzugsweise sind das Fixierelement und die Tragstruktur einstückig miteinander verbunden. Insbesondere kann das Fixierelement im Kunststoff-Spritzguss an ein eine Tragstruktur bildendes Kunststoffbauteil mit angespritzt sein. Im Sinne der Erfindung kann das Fixierelement auch durch eine umgeformte Metallstruktur gebildet sein, die einstückig mit einer metallischen Tragstruktur verbunden ist.Preferably, the fixing element and the support structure are integrally connected to each other. In particular, the fixing element may be injection molded in plastic injection molding on a plastic component forming a support structure. For the purposes of the invention, the fixing element can also be formed by a deformed metal structure, which is integrally connected to a metallic supporting structure.
Das integrale Fixierelement kann auch als ein sogenanntes Hybridbauteil aus einem die Tragstruktur bildenden Metallbauteil, insbesondere einem Metallblech, und einem angespritzten Kunststoff-Fixierelement gebildet sein.The integral fixing element may also be formed as a so-called hybrid component of a metal component forming the support structure, in particular a metal sheet, and a molded plastic fixing element.
Das Fixierelement kann eine Sollbruchstelle aufweisen, wobei die Sollbruchstelle so ausgebildet ist, dass sie bei Überlast durch eine definierte Mindestkraft bricht. Dadurch ist die Batterie oder der Batteriekasten in zumindest einer Raumrichtung frei beweglich. Die Überlast kann insbesondere dann Überschritten sein, wenn der Wert einer kritischen Beschleunigung der Batterie noch nicht erreicht ist. Die Masse der Batterie oder des Batteriekastens bleibt der Trägheit folgend in Position wenn das Fahrzeug sich im Stand befindet oder die Geschwindigkeit des erfindungsgemäßen Fahrzeugs geringer ist als die Geschwindigkeit des auf das Fahrzeug aufprallenden Objekts. Durch das Lösen der Fixierelemente kann durch die Wechselwirkung von Batterie oder Batteriekasten mit dem mindestens einen Energieabsorbierelement in Folge dessen die kinetische Energie des Fahrzeugs bzw. der Batterie oder des Batteriekastens abgebaut werden. Vorteilhaft wird z. B. bei einem Auffahrunfall auf ein stehendes erfindungsgemäßes Fahrzeug das gesamte Fahrzeug in Richtung der einwirkenden Kraft in seiner örtlichen Position verlagert (bei einem Heckaufprall beispielhaft nach Vorne) – die Batterie oder der die Batterie umgebende Batteriekasten bleibt der Trägheit folgend jedoch zunächst in Position. Die einwirkende Kraft führt dann zunächst zu einem Versagen der Sollbruchstelle des Fixierelements, so dass die Batterie oder der Batteriekasten zumindest in eine Raumrichtung frei beweglich wird. Das erfindungsgemäß im umgebenden Bereich der Batterie oder des Batteriekastens vorgesehene oder positionierte Energieabsorbierelement nimmt in Folge durch z. B. Verformungsarbeit die Energie des sich verlagernden Fahrzeugs auf indem die Batterie oder der Batteriekasten das Energieabsorbierelement verformt.The fixing element may have a predetermined breaking point, wherein the predetermined breaking point is designed so that it breaks under overload by a defined minimum force. As a result, the battery or the battery box is freely movable in at least one spatial direction. The overload can be exceeded in particular if the value of a critical acceleration of the battery has not yet been reached. The mass of the battery or battery box remains in inertia following position when the vehicle is stationary or when the speed of the vehicle according to the invention is less than the speed of the vehicle impacting object. As a result of the release of the fixing elements, the kinetic energy of the vehicle or of the battery or of the battery box can be reduced as a result of the interaction of the battery or battery box with the at least one energy-absorbing element. Advantageously, for. B. in a collision on a stationary vehicle according to the invention, the entire vehicle in the direction of the applied force in its local position shifts (in a rear impact exemplary forward) - the battery or the battery box surrounding the battery but the inertia following initially in position. The acting force then initially leads to a failure of the predetermined breaking point of the fixing, so that the battery or the battery box is free to move at least in one direction in space. The inventively provided in the surrounding area of the battery or the battery box or positioned energy absorbing decreases in sequence by z. B. deformation work the energy of the moving vehicle on by the battery or the battery box deformed the Energieabsorbierelement.
Prallt ein sich in Bewegung befindliches erfindungsgemäßes Fahrzeug auf ein stehendes oder sich mit einer geringeren Geschwindigkeit als das Fahrzeug fortbewegendes Objekt behält die Batterie oder der Batteriekasten der Trägheit folgend seine Bewegungsrichtung bei. Durch das Lösen der Fixierelemente kann durch die Wechselwirkung von Batterie oder Batteriekasten mit dem mindestens einen Energieabsorbierelement in Folge dessen die kinetische Energie des Fahrzeugs bzw. der Batterie oder des Batteriekastens abgebaut werden.If a vehicle according to the invention in motion collides with an object that is stationary or moving at a lower speed than the vehicle, the battery or battery box retains its direction of movement following the inertia. As a result of the release of the fixing elements, the kinetic energy of the vehicle or of the battery or of the battery box can be reduced as a result of the interaction of the battery or battery box with the at least one energy-absorbing element.
Das Fixierelement kann zudem automatisch von der Tragstruktur lösbar sein und die Batterie oder der Batteriekasten dadurch in zumindest einer Raumrichtung frei beweglich werden. Vorzugsweise ist zum automatischen Lösen des Fixierelements mindestens eine Sensorvorrichtung vorgesehen. Die Sensorvorrichtung kann zur Sensierung einer Gefahrensituation und/oder zur Sensierung des Vorliegens eines Crashfalls ausgebildet sein. Das Fixierelement kann als elektromagnetisches Element ausgebildet sein. Denkbar ist auch das Fixierelement als pyrotechnisches Element auszubilden. Weiterhin kann das Fixierelement über eine mechanische und/oder pneumatische Vorrichtung gelöst bzw. freigegeben werden.In addition, the fixing element can be automatically detachable from the supporting structure and the battery or the battery box can thereby be freely movable in at least one spatial direction. Preferably, at least one sensor device is provided for automatically releasing the fixing element. The sensor device can be designed to sense a dangerous situation and / or to sense the presence of a crash. The fixing element may be formed as an electromagnetic element. It is also conceivable to form the fixing element as a pyrotechnic element. Furthermore, the fixing element can be released or released via a mechanical and / or pneumatic device.
Die Sensorvorrichtung kann durch einen vorausschauenden Sensor, einen Beschleunigungssensor, einen Drucksensor, eine Kamera, einen Radarsensor, einen Aufprallsensor, einen faseroptischen Sensor, einen piezoelektrischen Sensor, einen Ultraschallsensor, einen Dehnratensensor, einen Umfeldsensor, eine Kombination der vorgenannten Sensorvorrichtungen oder durch jeden anderen aus dem Stand der Technik bekannten Sensor zur Aktivierung von z. B. Airbags, Gurtstraffern, Fußgängerschutz- oder vergleichbaren Schutzsystemen gebildet sein die ein bevorstehendes oder konkret eingetretenes Crashereignis detektieren. Weiterhin im Sinne der Erfindung kann das automatische Lösen des Fixierelements über ein Signal einer sog. Car-to-X (d. h. Car-to-Car bzw. Car-to-Infrastructure) Technologie erfolgen. Bezüglich der Funktion eines faseroptischen Sensors sei auf die Schrift
Vorteilhaft ist das Energieabsorbierelement und die Batterie oder der Batteriekasten zwischen 1 cm bis 50 cm, vorzugsweise zwischen 3 cm und 30 cm, weiter vorzugsweise zwischen 5 cm und 20 cm voneinander beabstandet. Die vorteilhafte Beabstandung sorgt im Crashfall des Fahrzeugs dafür, dass die Batterie oder der Batteriekasten in Richtung auf das Energieabsorbierelement zu beschleunigen kann und sich dabei vorteilhaft die zur Verfügung stehende absorbierbare kinetische Energie der Batterie oder des Batteriekastens erhöht.Advantageously, the energy absorbing element and the battery or the battery box between 1 cm to 50 cm, preferably between 3 cm and 30 cm, more preferably between 5 cm and 20 cm apart. The advantageous spacing ensures in the event of a crash of the vehicle that the battery or the battery box can accelerate towards the Energieabsorbierelement and thereby advantageously increases the available absorbable kinetic energy of the battery or the battery box.
Der Batteriekasten kann eine im Vergleich zum Energieabsorbierelement steife Struktur aufweisen. Die steife Struktur kann über die geometrische Ausbildung (Wanddicken, Versteifungsrippen, Sicken, etc.) und/oder über den gewählten Werkstoff des Batteriekastens erzielt werden.The battery box may have a stiff structure compared to the energy absorbing member. The rigid structure can be achieved via the geometric design (wall thicknesses, stiffening ribs, beads, etc.) and / or via the selected material of the battery box.
Der die Batterie umgebende Batteriekasten wird im Crashfall im Vergleich zu dem Energieabsorbierelement nur wenig oder gar nicht deformiert und schützt so die Batterie vor einer Beschädigung.The battery box surrounding the battery is little or not deformed in the event of a crash compared to the energy absorbing element and thus protects the battery from damage.
Vorzugsweise ist der Batteriekasten aus einem faserverstärkten Werkstoff, weiter vorzugsweise einem glasfaser- und/oder kohlefaserverstärkten Werkstoff gebildet. Faserverstärkte Werkstoffe erreichen hohe Festigkeits- und Steifigkeitswerte und weisen dabei im Vergleich zu metallischen Werkstoffen ein geringeres Gewicht auf.Preferably, the battery box is formed of a fiber reinforced material, more preferably a glass fiber and / or carbon fiber reinforced material. Fiber-reinforced materials achieve high strength and stiffness values and have a lower weight compared to metallic materials.
In einer vorteilhaften Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist das mindestens eine Energieabsorbierelement an der Batterie oder an dem Batteriekasten befestigt. Im Sinne der Erfindung kann das Energieabsorbierelement auch direkt mit der Batterie oder dem Batteriekasten verbunden sein. Die Verbindung kann dabei lösbar, oder unlösbar ausgeführt sein. Vorzugsweise ist die Verbindung Kraft- und/oder Form- und/oder Stoffschlüssig ausgeführt. Ebenfalls im Sinne der Erfindung ist daher eine einstückige Ausbildung von Batterie oder Batteriekasten und dem Energieabsorbierelement.In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the at least one energy absorbing element is attached to the battery or to the battery box. For the purposes of the invention, the energy absorbing element can also be connected directly to the battery or the battery box. The connection can be made detachable, or insoluble. Preferably, the connection is executed force and / or shape and / or cohesive. Also within the meaning of the invention is therefore an integral construction of battery or battery box and the Energieabsorbierelement.
In dem vorgenannten Fall ist das Energieabsorbierelement und eine Anprallstruktur des Fahrzeugs zwischen 1 cm bis 50 cm, vorzugsweise zwischen 3 cm und 30 cm, weiter vorzugsweise zwischen 5 cm und 20 cm voneinander beabstandet. Die Anprallstruktur des Fahrzeugs wird dabei beispielhaft durch ein Strukturbauteil des Fahrzeugs gebildet. Im Sinne der Erfindung kann jedoch auch jegliche andere Struktur des Fahrzeugs als eine Anprallstruktur angesehen werden.In the aforementioned case, the energy absorbing member and an impact structure of the vehicle is spaced between 1 cm to 50 cm, preferably between 3 cm and 30 cm, more preferably between 5 cm and 20 cm. The impact structure of the vehicle is formed by way of example by a structural component of the vehicle. For the purposes of the invention, however, any other structure of the vehicle may be considered as an impact structure.
Die Gesamtmasse der Batterie oder des Batteriekastens mit der darin befindlichen Batterie kann im Bereich von 100 kg bis 800 kg, vorzugsweise zwischen 200 kg und 600 kg, weiter vorzugsweise zwischen 300 kg und 500 kg liegen.The total mass of the battery or battery box with the battery therein may be in the range of 100 kg to 800 kg, preferably between 200 kg and 600 kg, more preferably between 300 kg and 500 kg.
Vorzugsweise ist die Batterie bzw. die Batteriemasse im Bereich der Fahrzeugmitte, weiter vorzugsweise im Bereich des Unterbodens, weiter vorzugsweise im Bereich des Mitteltunnels des Fahrzeugs angeordnet. Gleiches gilt für einen die Batterie umgebenden Batteriekasten. Durch die zentrale Anordnung der Batterie bzw. der Batteriemasse in dem Fahrzeug wird neben eines optimierten Fahrzeugschwerpunkts vorteilhaftweise erreicht, dass die Batterie in alle Raumrichtungen, insbesondere in der horizontalen liegenden Ebene, gegen ein dort im Bereich der Batterie positioniertes Energieabsorbierelement prallen kann.The battery or the battery mass is preferably arranged in the region of the vehicle center, more preferably in the region of the underbody, more preferably in the region of the center tunnel of the vehicle. The same applies to a battery box surrounding the battery. Due to the central arrangement of the battery or the battery mass in the vehicle, in addition to an optimized center of gravity of the vehicle, it is advantageously achieved that the battery can bounce in all spatial directions, in particular in the horizontal plane, against an energy-absorbing element positioned there in the region of the battery.
Vorteilhafterweise wird so in der Mitte bzw. im unteren Bereich kinetische Energie in den Energieabsorbierelementen abgebaut, so dass die Verformungswege der weiteren Sicherheits- und Crash-Management-Systeme (z. B. Stoßfängersysteme oder Seitenaufprallsysteme) verringert werden. Ein erfindungsgemäßes Fahrzeug weist daher insbesondere in dem besonders kritischen Fall eines Seitenaufpralls einen wesentlich verbesserten Insassenschutz auf, da der beispielhaft an der B-Säule des Fahrzeugs zur Verfügung stehende Verformungsweg zur Energieaufnahme durch Verformung der Karosseriestruktur in nur geringem Maße beansprucht werden muss. Die Eindringtiefen eines anprallenden Objekts in die Fahrgastzelle hinein wird durch die beschriebene Erfindung quasi in das Innere des Fahrzeugs verlagert und daher in besonders vorteilhafter Weise verringert, sodass sich die Verletzungsgefahr für die Fahrzeuginsassen erheblich reduziert. Ein weiterer Gesichtspunkt ist weiterhin der verringerte Reparaturaufwand durch eine Reduzierung der Verformungswege und damit Verbunden der Verringerung der Gefahr einer kostenintensiven Beschädigung von Strukturteilen wie beispielsweise des Längsträgers oder des Querträgers. Insgesamt können die weiteren Stoßfängersysteme des Fahrzeugs geringer dimensioniert werden was weitere Vorteile hinsichtlich einer Gewichtseinsparung und eines ästhetischeren Erscheinungsbildes des Fahrzeugs bietet.Advantageously, in the middle or in the lower region, kinetic energy is dissipated in the energy-absorbing elements, so that the deformation paths of the further safety and crash management systems (eg bumper systems or side impact systems) are reduced. A vehicle according to the invention therefore has a significantly improved occupant protection, particularly in the particularly critical case of a side impact, since the deformation path available for the energy absorption by way of example on the B-pillar of the vehicle must be claimed to only a small extent by deformation of the body structure. The penetration depths of an impacting object into the passenger compartment is virtually displaced by the described invention into the interior of the vehicle and therefore reduced in a particularly advantageous manner, so that the risk of injury to the vehicle occupants is considerably reduced. Another aspect is still the reduced repair costs by reducing the deformation paths and associated with reducing the risk of costly damage to structural parts such as the longitudinal member or the cross member. Overall, the further bumper systems of the vehicle can be made smaller, which offers further advantages in terms of weight saving and a more aesthetic appearance of the vehicle.
Die Erfindung beschreibt ferner ein Verfahren zur Aufnahme kinetischer Energie in einem eingetretenen oder kurz bevorstehenden Crashfall eines Fahrzeugs, gekennzeichnet durch folgende Schritte:
- – Lösen mindestens eines Fixierelements, welches eine Batterie oder einen die Batterie umgebenden Batteriekasten im normalen Fahrbetrieb in einer vorgegebenen Position in oder an dem Fahrzeug hält, wobei das Lösen des Fixierelements über das gezielte Versagen mindestens einer Sollbruchstelle des Fixierelements und/oder durch ein automatisches Lösen des Fixierelements und/oder durch das Überschreiten eines definierten Schwellenwertes der Fahrzeugbeschleunigung erfolgt,
- – Abbau kinetischer Energie der Batterie (
2 ) oder des Batteriekastens (3 ) durch eine Wechselwirkung mit einem, vorzugsweise im Bereich der Batterie (2 ) oder des Batteriekastens (3 ) angeordneten, Energieabsorbierelement (5 ) und/oder - – Abbau kinetischer Energie des Fahrzeugs durch eine Wechselwirkung mit einem, vorzugsweise im Bereich der Batterie (
2 ) oder des Batteriekastens (3 ) angeordneten, Energieabsorbierelement (5 ).
- - Solve at least one fixing element which holds a battery or a battery box surrounding the battery in a predetermined position in or on the vehicle during normal driving, wherein the release of the fixing on the targeted failure of at least one predetermined breaking point of the fixing and / or by an automatic release the fixing element and / or by exceeding a defined threshold value of the vehicle acceleration,
- - Reduction of kinetic energy of the battery (
2 ) or the battery box (3 ) by an interaction with one, preferably in the region of the battery (2 ) or the battery box (3 ), energy absorbing element (5 ) and or - - Reduction of kinetic energy of the vehicle by an interaction with a, preferably in the range of the battery (
2 ) or the battery box (3 ), energy absorbing element (5 ).
Vorzugsweise erfolgt das automatische Lösen des Fixierelements dabei in Abhängigkeit zu einer Sensierung einer bevorstehenden Gefahrensituation oder durch Sensierung des eingetretenen Crashfalls.Preferably, the automatic release of the fixing takes place in dependence on a sensing of an imminent danger situation or by sensing the occurred crash case.
Ausführungsbeispieleembodiments
Im Folgenden wird die Erfindung anhand einer lediglich ein Ausführungsbeispiel darstellenden Zeichnung erläutert. Es zeigen schematisch:In the following the invention will be explained with reference to a drawing showing only one embodiment. They show schematically:
In den Figuren werden gleiche oder funktionsgleiche Elemente mit den gleichen Bezugszeichen versehen.In the figures, identical or functionally identical elements are provided with the same reference numerals.
Die
Die Batterie
Die
Die
Die
Das in
In diesem Beispiel ist der Batteriekasten
In der
Idealerweise wird der kritische Beschleunigungswert bis zum Abbau einer kritischen Energie aufrecht erhalten um so den erforderlichen Bauraum S für den Energieabbau möglichst klein zu halten. Durch die Zerspanung des Zerspanungsgegenelements
In einer nicht näher dargestellten weiteren Ausführungsform befinden sich die Zerspanungselemente
Alternativ ist denkbar, den polymeren Energieabsorber (Zerspanungsgegenelement
Grundsätzlich ist die Erfindung nicht auf die dargestellten und beschriebenen Ausführungsformen beschränkt. Insbesondere die Kombination von einzelnen Komponenten der Ausführungsformen zu einer neuen Ausführungsform und die Auswahl irgendeines der unter Anspruch 2 beschriebenen Energieabsorbierelemente ist in diesem Erfindungszusammenhang denkbar aber auch hier nicht beschränkend.In principle, the invention is not limited to the illustrated and described embodiments. In particular, the combination of individual components of the embodiments to a new embodiment and the selection of any of the energy absorbing elements described in
ZITATE ENTHALTEN IN DER BESCHREIBUNG QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION
Diese Liste der vom Anmelder aufgeführten Dokumente wurde automatisiert erzeugt und ist ausschließlich zur besseren Information des Lesers aufgenommen. Die Liste ist nicht Bestandteil der deutschen Patent- bzw. Gebrauchsmusteranmeldung. Das DPMA übernimmt keinerlei Haftung für etwaige Fehler oder Auslassungen.This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.
Zitierte PatentliteraturCited patent literature
- DE 19961853 C1 [0002] DE 19961853 C1 [0002]
- DE 19726192 A1 [0003] DE 19726192 A1 [0003]
- DE 10038718 A1 [0004] DE 10038718 A1 [0004]
- DE 20220575 U1 [0010, 0044] DE 20220575 U1 [0010, 0044]
- EP 1646534 B1 [0017] EP 1646534 B1 [0017]
Claims (15)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102009053138A DE102009053138A1 (en) | 2009-11-05 | 2009-11-05 | Electrically operated vehicle, has battery for storing electricity, and energy absorbing element provided in area directly surrounding battery or battery box for reducing kinetic energy of battery and/or vehicle during accidents |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102009053138A DE102009053138A1 (en) | 2009-11-05 | 2009-11-05 | Electrically operated vehicle, has battery for storing electricity, and energy absorbing element provided in area directly surrounding battery or battery box for reducing kinetic energy of battery and/or vehicle during accidents |
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|---|---|
| DE102009053138A1 true DE102009053138A1 (en) | 2011-05-12 |
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| R003 | Refusal decision now final |
Effective date: 20130608 |