DE102009053101B4 - Turbocharger with a turbocharger housing and a receiving device for the rotor of the turbocharger - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a turbocharger with a turbocharger housing and a receiving device for the rotor of the turbocharger, wherein at least a portion of the turbocharger housing is formed longitudinally divided into at least two housing halves, wherein a receiving device for receiving a running gear of the turbocharger is provided with two radial plain bearings, which at at least one housing half can be fastened and is formed on its inside as a spacer sleeve for the two radial plain bearings.

Description

The invention relates to a turbocharger with a turbocharger housing and a receiving device for the running tool of the turbocharger, wherein the rotor comprises a shaft, a bearing assembly and at least one impeller, and wherein the housing of the turbocharger is formed longitudinally divided into at least two housing halves.

In general, a turbocharger consists of an exhaust gas turbine in an exhaust gas mass flow, which is connected via a shaft to a compressor in the intake tract. The turbine of the turbine is arranged in a turbine housing and the compressor of the compressor in a compressor housing. The shaft is in turn mounted in a bearing housing. In operation, the turbine wheel is driven by the exhaust gas mass flow and in turn drives the compressor wheel. The compressor compresses the intake air and supplies it to the internal combustion engine. Normally, the shaft is supported by a radial bearing assembly in the bearing housing. Due to fluid flows acting on the turbine wheel and the compressor wheel, strong axial forces can occur. Such axial forces can not be absorbed by the radial bearings in general. Therefore, at least one or two additional thrust bearings are normally provided to properly accommodate these axial forces.

Furthermore, the previous design of turbochargers provides individual housings, which are fastened together and sealed against each other. A new form of turbocharger housing now plans to divide the turbocharger housing in the longitudinal direction and not as previously transverse to its longitudinal axis. This new turbocharger housing is the subject of a separate patent application.

From the DE 197 58 642 C2 a turbine is known, which drives a compressor or a pump or a generator, wherein the throttling of the liquid or gaseous stream is effected by a change in the load state of the turbine. The rotor bearing is elastic. The turbine is constructed with the compressor or the pump in two- or multi-shell construction. A common shaft is rotatably mounted with two ball bearings in a bushing. The bushing has at its two ends on elastic rings which are fixed in corresponding grooves of a carrier.

From the US Pat. No. 2,860,827 A turbocharger is already known which has a turbocharger housing. This housing is formed in the longitudinal direction divided into two housing halves. Furthermore, a receiving device for receiving a running tool of the turbocharger is provided, which can be fastened to a housing half. The receiving device has an insert sleeve which receives a shaft and two radial plain bearings. Furthermore, the insert sleeve has a lubricant supply for the bearings of the radial sliding bearing. The lubricant supply is designed such that it can be connected to the lubricant supply of the turbocharger housing.

The object of the present invention is to provide a turbocharger with an improved intake device for a rotor of the turbocharger, wherein the turbocharger has a longitudinally divided into at least two housing halves turbocharger housing.

This object is achieved by a turbocharger with a turbocharger housing and a receiving device having the features of patent claim 1.

Accordingly, a turbocharger according to the invention is provided with a turbocharger housing, wherein at least a portion of the turbocharger housing is formed longitudinally divided into at least two housing halves, wherein a receiving device for receiving a running tool of the turbocharger is provided, which is attachable to at least one housing half, wherein the receiving device at least an insert sleeve which receives at least one shaft and two radial plain bearings, wherein the insert sleeve has at least one lubricant supply for both radial plain bearings of the radial bearing assembly, and wherein the lubricant supply of the insert sleeve is formed so that it is connectable to a lubricant supply of the turbocharger housing, and wherein the insert sleeve is formed on its inside as a spacer sleeve for the two radial plain bearings.

The turbocharger has the advantage that the receiving device with the running gear, d. H. the shaft and its storage, and in addition to the wheels, completely pre-assembled and then inserted into the housing halves. The receiving device can then be attached to one or both housing halves and with her in addition the running gear. In the hitherto closed formed turbocharger housings the running gear had to be threaded so to speak, it could not be pre-assembled.

Advantageous embodiments and modifications of the invention will become apparent from the dependent claims and the description with reference to the drawings.

The invention is described below with reference to the schematic figures of the drawings specified embodiments explained in more detail. Show it:

1 a sectional view of a turbocharger, wherein the turbocharger housing is divided into two housing halves in the longitudinal direction, the turbocharger having a receiving device according to a first embodiment of the invention;

2 a further sectional view through a turbocharger housing with a receiving device according to a variant of the first embodiment of the invention;

3 a sectional view through a turbocharger housing with a receiving device according to a second, not part of the invention associated embodiment; and

4 a sectional view through a turbocharger housing with a receiving device according to a third, not belonging to the invention embodiment.

In all figures, identical or functionally identical elements and devices have been provided with the same reference numerals, unless stated otherwise. Furthermore, the representation of the turbocharger in the following figures is shown purely schematically, not to scale and greatly simplified.

For the assembly of a type of turbocharger housing is useful, wherein at least a portion of the turbocharger housing is formed longitudinally divided into at least two housing halves, so that a radial insertion of the rotor tool is made possible. So far, the running gear is mounted axially in a bearing housing and threaded the components of the rotor so to speak. The housing is normally closed.

According to the invention, the rotor of a turbocharger, and its storage is received in a divided in the longitudinal direction in at least two housing halves turbocharger housing, as in the following 1 to 4 is shown by way of example. The running tool is preferably positioned to the contour of the flow-guiding surfaces. The turbocharger housing or at least one housing half can be at least partially or substantially completely integrated in an engine block of a connected internal combustion engine and / or in a corresponding cylinder head or cylinder heads of the internal combustion engine.

Furthermore, a receptacle for a respective sealing device is designed such that it has a certain concentricity to be tight and a predetermined certain game complies.

In 1 is initially a sectional view through a turbocharger 10 with a turbocharger housing 12 shown, which in the longitudinal direction, for example, in at least two housing halves 14 . 16 is executed divided. In the example in 1 has the turbocharger housing 12 a bearing housing 18 , a turbine housing 20 and a compressor housing 22 on, for example, all three housings are combined to form a housing and in two housing halves 14 . 16 are formed divided along the longitudinal direction. In the present case, the turbocharger housing 12 executed in the longitudinal direction, for example, divided in a horizontal plane, wherein the longitudinal axis 24 of the turbocharger housing 12 while lying in the horizontal plane. Basically, the turbocharger housing 12 but in each plane in the longitudinal direction in at least two housing halves 14 . 16 be formed divided. Furthermore, the longitudinal axis must be 24 can not be in this division level or cut them, for example, but they can do this basically.

In the present example, the turbocharger housing 12 optionally additionally at least partially tempered or cooled and / or heated executed. More specifically, in the 1 shown example, the area of the turbocharger housing 12 , z. B. the impeller housing 20 . 22 and / or the bearing housing 18 , an additional fluid jacket 26 on, in which a fluid, such. As water, can be performed to this area of the turbocharger housing 12 To cool and / or to heat, depending on function and purpose.

In the 1 shown housing halves 14 . 16 are attached to each other and sealed each other. For this purpose, for example, several holes for screwing the two housing halves 14 . 16 provided with each other (not shown). Furthermore, any other form of attachment may be provided which is suitable for the two housing halves 14 . 16 to connect with each other and a seal between the two housing halves 14 . 16 to enable or self-supply. For sealing the two housing halves 14 . 16 can, for example, a sealing device 28 provided which z. B. has at least one bead seal, an O-ring seal and / or an elastomeric seal. The seal, for example, the bead seal, is in a corresponding seal receptacle in a housing half 14 . 16 inserted, z. B. in a corresponding recess or groove. Likewise, for example, the bead seal simply directly between the two housing halves 14 . 16 are inserted, with the other non-sealed housing half surfaces preferably touching directly. The seal of the two housing halves 14 . 16 This is the subject of a separate patent application.

In 1 is in the bearing housing section 18 of the turbocharger housing 12 a wave 30 stored, on which as a turbine a turbine wheel 32 and a compressor wheel 34 are provided. The turbine wheel 32 is in the turbine housing section 20 and the compressor wheel 34 in the compressor housing section 22 of the turbocharger housing 12 arranged.

A first embodiment according to the invention, as in 1 is shown, as a receiving device further as an insert sleeve 36 designated sleeve member before, which together with the assembled running gear, ie the shaft 30 , a radial bearing assembly 38 , the compressor wheel 34 and turbine wheel 32 , is inserted and, for example, optionally additionally secured by one or more pin elements and / or screws. The insert sleeve 36 According to the first embodiment of the invention has the advantage that they together with the completely assembled running tool in the housing halves 14 . 16 the longitudinally split turbocharger housing 12 can be inserted or for example in corresponding cylinder head halves (not shown) and / or the engine block in which one or both housing halves can be formed at least partially integrated.

In addition, on the insert sleeve 36 optionally additionally a thrust bearing assembly 48 or at least one thrust bearing 50 be attached as in the following 2 is shown by way of example. This has the advantage that the oil guide and the bearing tolerances can be optimally implemented and the position of the thrust bearing assembly 48 and the oil supply to each other can be determined better.

In the in 1 shown example, is a radial bearing assembly 38 in the insert sleeve 36 intended for storage of the shaft 30 in the radial direction. The radial bearing arrangement 38 has, for example, two radial plain bearings 40 on. However, it can also be any other type of radial bearings are provided, such as magnetic bearings, rolling bearings, etc .. The radial plain bearings 40 are in 1 for example, by a spacer sleeve 42 spaced apart in the insert sleeve 36 arranged. Basically, any other radial bearing arrangement 38 in the insert sleeve 36 be arranged. Furthermore, instead of a spacer sleeve 42 also the insert sleeve 36 on its inside as a spacer sleeve for the two radial plain bearings 40 be trained as in the following 2 is shown. The present invention is not limited to the specific example of a radial bearing arrangement in FIG 1 limited.

The insert sleeve 36 points as in 1 is shown, optionally additionally each at least one lubricant supply 44 for lubricant on at least one or both radial plain bearings 40 the radial bearing assembly 38 , wherein the lubricant supply 44 with the lubricant supply 46 of the turbocharger housing 12 connected is.

As in 1 is shown, the insert sleeve 36 with the wave 30 and at least one or both wheels 32 . 34 in the respective housing half 14 . 16 of the turbocharger housing 12 used.

The wave 30 forms, for example, a paragraph with a stop for the radial bearing assembly 38 , At the other end of the insert sleeve 36 is optionally additionally a thrust bearing assembly 48 provided, with at least one thrust bearing 50 , where the thrust bearing 50 for example, is designed as a thrust washer and on the insert sleeve 36 Depending on the function and purpose of use can be additionally attached, as in the following 2 is shown by way of example and purely schematically. For this purpose, the thrust bearing on the insert sleeve 36 For example, be attached by means of screwing and / or pinning, as needed. This can be the thrust bearing 50 and the insert sleeve 36 alternatively also together on the turbocharger housing 12 be fastened, for example by means of screwing and / or pinning (not shown).

Here, the thrust bearing 50 on one side optionally additionally z. B. by a socket element 52 be limited. The socket element 52 This may additionally on its outside at least one sealing device 54 have, for sealing z. B. of the bearing housing 18 opposite the compressor housing 22 , As a sealing device 54 are, for example, two piston ring seals in corresponding grooves on the outside of the female member 52 intended. As previously described, the insert sleeve 36 according to the first embodiment of the invention directly on the shaft 30 pre-assembled and then with the tool in the respective housing half 14 . 16 of the turbocharger housing 12 be inserted.

In 2 is a further sectional view of a longitudinal direction in at least two housing halves 14 . 16 split turbocharger housing 12 shown, wherein also as a receiving device, a sleeve member or an insert sleeve 36 is used according to the first embodiment of the invention.

In the insert sleeve 36 is a radial bearing arrangement 38 taken up for storage of the shaft 30 in the radial direction. The radial bearing arrangement 38 also has z. B. two radial plain bearings 40 on, with the insert sleeve 36 at the same time formed as a spacer sleeve, for positioning the two bearings. In the insert sleeve 36 Furthermore, an additional lubricant supply 44 to one or both radial plain bearings 40 are provided, which with a corresponding lubricant supply 46 of the turbocharger housing 12 or a housing half 14 connected is. Optionally in addition to the radial bearing arrangement 38 also a thrust bearing assembly 48 be provided, which, for example, at least one thrust bearing 50 , z. B. in the form of a thrust washer. The thrust bearing 50 in 2 is greatly simplified and shown purely schematically. As in 2 is indicated, at least one thrust bearing 50 for example, in addition to the insert sleeve 36 be fastened, for example by means of screwing and / or pinning. For this purpose, the thrust bearing 50 z. B. on a collar portion 56 the insert sleeve 36 attached. Basically, the insert sleeve 36 at one or both ends such a collar portion 56 have, wherein the collar portion 56 may be elastic or flexible or stiff. In at least one elastic or flexible collar sections 56 can the insert sleeve 36 between a recording 58 of the turbocharger housing 12 be clamped. The collar sections 56 but can also be omitted. In this case, the thrust bearing 50 also directly on the turbocharger housing 12 be additionally fastened by screwing and / or pinning.

The insert sleeve 36 has the advantage that it together with the completely assembled running gear in the housing halves 14 . 16 of the turbocharger housing 12 or, for example, in a cylinder head or in an engine block (not shown) can be inserted, wherein a screwing can be omitted. In addition, there is a damping of the sleeve surrounding the oil or lubricant.

In 3 is further a sectional view through a turbocharger housing 12 with a bearing bridge 60 as a receiving device for supporting the running gear of the turbocharger 10 according to a second, not belonging to the invention embodiment shown.

There is a bearing bridge 60 shown, which on one or both sides in each case at least one tab 62 or a projection for attachment to the turbocharger housing 12 having. The bearing bridge 60 is doing on a housing half 14 the longitudinally split turbocharger housing 12 fastened, for example by means of screwing and / or pinning. In the example in 3 is the camp bridge 60 z. B. by screws 64 on the housing half 14 . 16 attached. Between the camp bridge 60 and the case half 14 . 16 of the turbocharger housing 12 is there, as in 3 further shown is the wave 30 of the turbocharger 10 taken with a bearing assembly, here z. B. a radial bearing assembly 38 , The radial bearing arrangement 38 has, for example, two radial plain bearings 40 on. In this case, at least one or both radial plain bearings 40 the radial bearing assembly 38 through the camp bridge 60 added.

Alternatively, each radial plain bearing in its own bearing bridge 60 be recorded.

The respective bearing bridge 60 is, for example, after inserting the shaft 30 with the two wheels, turbine wheel 32 and compressor wheel 34 and the radial bearing assembly 38 and / or thrust bearing assembly 48 in a housing half 14 of the turbocharger 10 , on this case half 14 attached to additionally secure the running gear thereto.

The bearing bridge 60 and with her the tool is here, as described above, on the housing half 14 fastened for example by means of screwing or pinning. By the bearing bridge 60 preferably together with the turbocharger housing 12 or the associated housing half 14 is provided with a pinning or screwing or is processed accordingly, results in a bearing support for the respective bearing assembly, which has a high concentricity and positional fidelity, even after reassembly. Another advantage of this embodiment is that there are no interruptions of the bearing surfaces by a seal, which otherwise the sliding film z. B. a sliding bearing assembly would interfere. Also, this lubricant flow is optimally designed.

In 4 is a sectional view through a further longitudinally in at least two housing halves 14 . 16 split turbocharger housing 12 shown. According to this third, not belonging to the invention embodiment, this is a bearing block as a receiving device 66 used to mount the rotor of the turbocharger 10 ,

As in 4 is shown, the bearing block 66 together with the mounted tool in one of the housing halves 14 the longitudinally split turbocharger housing 12 attached. Alternatively, the bearing block 66 be attached for example in a cylinder head and / or an engine block, z. B. are screwed, in which z. B. at least one housing half 14 . 16 is at least partially integrated.

In the in 4 shown example, the bearing block 66 an opening 68 on, in which the shaft 30 of the turbocharger 10 and Z. B. a bearing assembly is receivable. The bearing assembly is z. B. a radial bearing assembly 38 , which two radial bearings 40 having at least one or both radial bearings in the opening 68 of the bearing block 66 with the wave 30 are receivable. The bearing block 66 will with the wave 30 and the bearing assembly on a housing half 14 of the turbocharger housing 12 attached. For this purpose, the housing half 14 a corresponding recording 70 or depression in which the bearing core 66 is recorded. Furthermore, the bearing block 66 at least one tab on one or both sides 62 on, with which the bearing block 66 on the housing half 14 is fastened, for example by means of screwing and / or pinning. In the in 4 example shown is the bearing block 66 with his flaps 62 or protrusions on each side of the housing half 14 by screws 64 screwed. This allows the running gear with the bearing block 66 very easy in the case half 14 inserted and attached to it. It can be the wave 30 with the radial bearing arrangement 38 with a bearing block 66 or more bearing blocks on the housing half 14 be attached, with each bearing block 66 For example, at least one camp, here z. B. a radial sliding bearing 40 , picks up.

This embodiment has the advantage that the machining for the respective bearing support in only one component, here the bearing block 66 , must be made, since there is no separation of the bearing point. This has the further advantage that no offset can occur. Another advantage of the bearing block 66 is that a high concentricity can be achieved. In addition, one of the housing halves 14 Independent bearing processing in the solution with the bearing block 66 advantageous.

The invention, as previously exemplified by the 1 and 2 Furthermore, as described in 1 and 2 is shown, a thrust bearing assembly 48 exhibit. The thrust bearing assembly 48 has at least one thrust bearing 50 , z. B. in the form of a thrust washer, wherein the thrust bearing 50 on the insert sleeve 36 and / or on the housing half 14 . 16 of the turbocharger housing 12 provided or can be additionally attached. This has the advantage that the thrust bearing assembly 48 outside the housing halves 14 . 16 mounted and then with the tool together in the housing halves 14 . 16 can then be inserted.

The embodiments described above for mounting the running gear in a turbocharger housing 12 , have the advantage of allowing independent machining of the housing halves 14 . 16 , the cylinder head halves or the engine block is possible. In addition, on the insert sleeve 36 optionally additionally a thrust bearing 50 provided or additionally attached, whereby the lubricant supply and the bearing tolerances can be optimally implemented and the position can be better determined to each other.

The representation of the turbocharger in 1 with the storage of its shaft and elements, such as the insert sleeve and the bearing assemblies, etc. is purely exemplary. The invention is not limited to this specific embodiment, as in 1 and also in 2 is shown.

Claims (6)

Turbocharger ( 10 ) with a turbocharger housing ( 12 ), wherein at least a portion of the turbocharger housing ( 12 ) in the longitudinal direction in at least two housing halves ( 14 . 16 ) is formed, wherein a receiving device for receiving a running gear of the turbocharger ( 10 ) is provided, which on at least one housing half ( 14 . 16 ), and wherein the receiving device at least one insert sleeve ( 36 ) having at least one shaft ( 30 ) and two radial plain bearings ( 40 ), wherein the insert sleeve ( 36 ) at least one lubricant supply ( 44 ) for both radial plain bearings ( 40 ) of the radial bearing arrangement ( 38 ) and the lubricant supply ( 44 ) of the insert sleeve ( 36 ) is designed such that it is provided with a lubricant supply ( 46 ) of the turbocharger housing ( 12 ) is connectable, characterized in that the insert sleeve ( 36 ) on its inside as a spacer sleeve for the two radial plain bearings ( 40 ) is trained. Turbocharger according to claim 1, characterized in that the insert sleeve ( 36 ) at one or both ends a collar portion ( 56 ), wherein at least one collar portion ( 56 ) is elastic or stiff. Turbocharger according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the insert sleeve ( 36 ) on the turbocharger housing ( 12 ) is attachable. Turbocharger according to claim 3, characterized in that the insert sleeve ( 36 ) on the turbocharger housing ( 12 ) can be fastened by means of screwing and / or pinning. Turbocharger according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one thrust bearing ( 50 ) of a thrust bearing assembly ( 48 ) on the insert sleeve ( 36 ) and / or at least one housing half ( 14 . 16 ) of the turbocharger housing ( 12 ) is attachable. Turbocharger according to claim 5, characterized in that at least one thrust bearing ( 50 ) of a thrust bearing assembly ( 48 ) on the insert sleeve ( 36 ) and / or at least one housing half ( 14 . 16 ) of the turbocharger housing ( 12 ) can be fastened by means of screwing and / or pinning.

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