DE102009032033A1 - Hybrid foldable velomobile has axial arbors, wheel for managing arbors of drive wheels, turning mechanism, drive wheels, brake units, muscle drive and electric motors which work by batteries of accumulators - Google Patents

Abstract

The hybrid foldable velomobile has axial arbors (1), a wheel (5) for managing the arbors (2) of the drive wheels (3), a turning mechanism, drive wheels, brake units, a muscle drive and electric motors (4) which work by batteries (18) of the accumulators. The hybrid-foldable-velomobile has chairs which are placed beside each other right and left from the axis arbors. The chairs fold in direction of the axis arbors, when the hybrid foldable velomobile misses the common axle of the drive wheels. The inner legs of the chairs are fixed to the axial arbors of the velomobile.

Description

Velomobile, like the ecologically pure means of movement and the assumption of physical stress, is becoming more and more popular. There are a large number of types of Velomobile depending on destination, number of seats and so on. Not infrequently, the velomobiles are equipped with the electric motors and they are produced as standard, for example, Velomobile TWIKE [1].

Shortcomings of existing Velomobiles are - a small running distance at movement on electric motors and the small average speed at use of a muscular drive. As a rule, the two-seat velomobiles do not fold and fill up a lot of space at the bus stop. At last, velomobiles have the high value of manufacture, which brings its value to the value of the middle class car (as stated Velomobile TWIKE).

The stated deficiencies are solved by the features derived in the claims.

On 1 - 6 The examples of the appearance and the individual components of the Hybrid Folding Velomobile (HFV) are shown.

1 - HFV, the side view;

2 - HFV, the rear view;

3 - Overall view of the electric motor on the wheel;

4 - scheme of the drive HFV and the structure of the generator HFV;

5 - Blocking of the drive HFV.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

the axial bar;

2

the bar of the drive wheel 3 ;

3

Drive wheel;

4

Electric motor of the drive wheel 3 ;

5

managing wheel;

6

Fork of the managing wheel 5 ;

7

Hinge of the fork 6 of the managing wheel 5 ;

8th

Lever of diverting the managing wheel 5 ;

9

Control handle;

10

Deflection rod;

11

Lever of the deflection of the fork 6 of the managing wheel 5 ;

12

Lever of the brake HFV;

13

Rocking actuator HFV;

14

Pedal of the rocking lever 13 ;

15

Biegsamseil;

16

Pulley;

17

Electric generator;

18

Battery of accumulators;

19

Leg of the folding chair HFV;

20

Seat of the folding chair HFV;

21

Backrest of the folding chair HFV;

22

hard part of the roof HFV;

23

flexible envelope HFV;

24

Folding bars of rocking lever 13 ,

25

Plate of the electric motor on the wheel;

26

Electromagnet;

27

Pawl;

28

Ratchet wheel;

29

Fork of the wheel of the means of transport;

30

Elements of fastening of the plate 25 the electric motor on the wheel;

31

Skeleton in the form of the tube of the electro-insulating material;

32

Winding of the electric generator;

33

Rifle;

34

Magnet;

35

recurring feather;

36

Counter of the mounting of the recurring pen 35 ;

37

Bridge rectifier;

38

Control circuit of the electric motors 4 ,

Constructively, Velomobil is organized as follows:
The basis of the velomobile is the axial beam 1 ( 1 . 2 ). Front of the axial beam 1 fasten the hinge 7 the fork 6 of the managing wheel 5 , as well as the headlight (the headlight is not shown conditionally). On top of the fork 6 is the lever of the diversion 11 located by the hard deflection bar 10 with the lever 8th the diversion of the managing wheel 5 connected is. The lower end of the lever 8th the deflection is on the axial bar 1 HFV fixed in such a way that its upper end can move forward and backward. On the upper end of the lever 8th the diversion is the control handle 9 strengthened. On these are the elements of management of electric motors 4 established. Also front of the axial bar 1 are the folding beams 24 rocking lever 13 with the pedals 14 established. Here it is possible to use usual levers with pedals from a bicycle as rocking levers 13 with the pedals 14 use. On every folding beam 24 are two independent rocking levers 13 set up, and in the whole 4 rocking levers 13 are - two for the driver and two for the passenger. At every rocking lever 13 is the flexible rope 15 attached, the via the pulley 16 to the electric generator 17 is directed. That's Velomobil with four electric generators 17 each of which is equipped with its rocking lever 13 moved. If necessary, the rocking levers can 13 above the axes of the rocking extend and to use as the manual drive. In the back part of the axial bar 1 is the battery of the accumulators 18 and the inner legs of both folding chairs are attached. The outer legs of the folding chairs are on the bars of the drive wheel 3 attached. So the folding chairs are the force elements, the axial beam 1 and the bars of the drive wheel 3 connect to the common construction.

The seats 20 and the backrest 21 Folding armchairs are made of durable flexible material (for example, nylon) and do not impede folding of armchairs. The same material can coat itself between beams and the floor can form (up 1 . 2 conditionally not shown), the passengers protect against road dust, and also under the seats the place for storage of luggage during the journey appears.

On every bar 2 of the drive wheel 3 is the short axis of the drive wheel 3 and the electric motor 4 of the drive wheel, as well as the marker lights and tail lights (conditionally not shown) are fixed. Also, on the left bar 2 of the drive wheel 3 the lever 12 Brakes HFV strengthened. The hard part 22 Roofs is above the axial bars 1 HFV set up. If necessary, on it the small solar battery can be placed, and besides it is support for a flexible cover 23 HFV. The front top, back and side tops of a casing are made transparent (for example, from a transparent fine sheet of polyethylene), and the remaining part - from a colored waterproof flexible material, for example, nylon). The side panels of the flexible shell 23 can fold back for the landing and the exit of the passengers. Thereby HFV comfortably allows two people to drive.

Because the drive wheels 3 HFV are not connected by the general axis, so when folding the folding chair press the bars 2 along with the drive wheels 3 to the axial bar 1 , Then the dimensions HFV become close to the dimensions of the ordinary bicycle, what allows him and easily to preserve and to transport with the other transport. Therefore in the title of velomobile there is the word "Falt".

auflädt, die via den Steuerschaltung die Elektromotoren der Antriebsräder speist. Unterschied ist, dass in HFV die Elektrogeneratoren 17 von der menschlichen Kraft bewogen werden. Deshalb heißt Velomobil auch ”Hybride”.How to conclude 1 . 2 , as well as is from the description, the drive HFV is only with the electric generators 17 connected to the battery 18 Charge accumulators, and already from her - via the control circuit - the electric motors 4 drive wheels 3 work. It is similar to the linear hybrid scheme of the car: the internal combustion engine turns the electric generator, which is the battery

charging, which feeds the electric motors of the drive wheels via the control circuit. Difference is that in HFV the electric generators 17 be moved by the human power. That's why Velomobil is also called "Hybrid".

If to use in such velomobile the known electric motors (including wheel hub motors [2]) with power in hundreds of watts, more than a few kilowatts, then use of the specified hybrid scheme makes no sense, because in a short time one or two people can not Battery of accumulators charge for long journey. Therefore in a short trip it is necessary to stop for recharge of the battery of accumulators from an electric power supply or other source of electric power, despite existence on board of the velomobile of electric generators.

In mentioned Velomobile TWIKE lacks an electric generator, but there is the electric motor with power 5 kilowatts, and NiCd or LiIon batteries (at the voltage of 353 volts - which determines the large dimensions and weight of the battery of the accumulators one). It is enough to drive about 60 km with the maximum speed 85 kilometers per hour (driving on the human motive possible with the speed maximum 20 kilometers per hour). Next requires a stop for charging the battery of the batteries from an electrical network. For this reason, the producers do not recommend to drive on the highway, although the speed of the TWIKE does not hinder it. For longer runs more bulky, heavy and expensive accumulators are required, though that does not remove breaks for recharging of accumulators.

In order that the offered hybrid scheme became expedient, in Velomobil to use economical electric motors with high torque and sufficient speed of rotation, for example, "electric motors on a wheel» [3], [4].

The electric motor on the bike has the following features:
The electric motor feeds on the source of the pulse voltage.

A basis of the electric motor ( 3 ) is the plate 25 with a round opening in the center. The plate 25 is to the body of the vehicle (in the case of HFV - to the beam 2 of the drive wheel 3 ) consolidated.

In the central round opening of the plate 25 is the gear 28 located directly on the bike (in the case of HFV - on the drive wheel 3 ). Most convenient the gear for To strengthen a brake disk of a wheel, thus functions of a brake disk remain.

Along the circumference of the plate 25 are electromagnets 26 (in this example - 4 electromagnets). Every electromagnet 26 has a flat drive, which in the body of the plate 25 is located and with the latch 27 the gear 28 pushes. Features of electromagnets is strong reduction of thrust at increase in distance between the electromagnet and an armature, and also relatively small speed of electromagnets. Therefore, the armature travel is 2 mm, and the maximum frequency of the armature release is limited to 100 Hz. The drive of the latch 27 increases a run with 2 to 7 mm, as the step of teeth of a gear wheel 28 , At the diameter of the gear 28 in 60 mm and the specified step, on a bicycle will be placed: 60 × 3.14: 7 = 27 teeth.

In order for the wheel to make one revolution per second, it is necessary to put on the electromagnets pulses with frequency 27 Hertz rich. For the wheel with the diameter 26 Inch equals the distance per second: 26 × 2.54 × 3.14 ≈ 207.37 cm ≈ 2.074 m

At increase in frequency of impulses of one food in three times, the maximum frequency will not exceed 100 hertz, and the distance per second will become: 2.074 × 3 = 6.222 m

And the distance after an hour of movement will be: 6.222 × 3600 = 22399.2 m ≈ 22.4 km

Thus, at giving of impulses of one food to all electromagnets at the same time, and at a frequency to 100 hertz sufficient speed of movement of such vehicles as wheelchairs with an electric drive, electric bicycles, etc. can get. The torque of the electric motor determines the thrust of all four electromagnets. Consumed energy will be also maximum, but only tens of watts (in view of pulse nature of a diet, power consumption will become even less). If to translate electromagnets in a time of inclusion inclusion, energy consumption will decrease in 4 times - according to number of electromagnets, and the speed of rotation of a wheel will increase in 4 times and will make: 22.4 × 4 = 89.6 km / h.

The frequency of the armature movement of each electromagnet is still less than 100 hertz.

Well known - at the power of the engine in hundreds of kilowatts of the car Mersedes the speed reaches 200 km / h, but to support such speed - and a few kilowatts enough.

Therefore, the electric motor on the wheel is energetically advantageous:
At start, initial start and at ascent it is possible to apply a mode of simultaneous activation of all electromagnets, and at achievement it is necessary enough speed - to pass a mode of consecutive switching of electromagnets - at the same time becomes consumption of electric power minimal.

As the electromagnets in the electric motor on the wheel one can use is industrially producing products. As an example possible to consider electromagnets [5] - Art. 2150130. These electromagnets have the following characteristics:
D = 80 mm, H = 36 mm, weight = 1.2 kg, rated power = 15 W, U = 24 V, holding force = 2400 N.

In order to define a torque of the electric motor at a wheel with such electromagnets and with a gear wheel with a diameter of 60 mm, it is necessary to consider a coefficient which considers diameter of a gear wheel and loss at transformation of an armature run in a dog's run he in this case: (1 m: 0.06 m) × (7 mm: 2 mm) ≈ 58.

Then the torque of the drive wheel 3 at simultaneous activation of electromagnets of the specified type: (2400 N × 4) × 1 m: 58 ≈ 165.5 N · m - the power consumption is less than 60 watts,

For two wheels, the torque and power required are doubled: 331 N · m - the power consumption is less than 120 watts.

However, as it has been noticed earlier, the mode of simultaneous activation of all electromagnets is short, and a long operating mode is consequent switching on of electromagnets. Here, the average power consumption falls in 4 times, that makes the creation of the HFV expedient.

In the HFV have the rocking lever 13 with the pedals 14 used. This allows to remove so-called "dead spots", to simplify the construction and to allow to work independently with each pedal. The lever 13 with the pedal 14 thrusts forward from the driver's leg, and returns under the influence of the recurring spring 35 back. The power of the recurring spring 35 you can regulate if some fixings 36 at different distances along the axial bar 1 HFV are to be used. It is possible to use also the recurring springs 35 various forces (for athletes, ordinary people, children, etc.). Thus, the present drive is a peculiar trainer for the muscles of the legs (or hands - if the extension of the lever 13 to use, as it was earlier noticed).

The electric generator 17 has skeleton in the form of the tube made of the electro-insulating material on which the wrap 32 is designed. Inside the skeleton 31 go the flexible rope 15 on which the rifles 33 made of non-magnetic material. On the cans 33 with the same named poles outside are powerful permanent magnets 34 (For example, neodymium magnets) solidified. Along the axis of the cans 33 are the through holes for the reduction of air resistance when moving inside the frame 31 made.

mit den Brückengleichrichtern 37 verbunden, deren Ausgänge auf die Klemmen der Batterie der Akkumulatoren 18 sich vereinigt und angeschlossen sind, sowie sind mit Steuerschaltung 38 der Elektromotoren 4 verbunden. Dabei werden sich beide Elektromotore absolut synchron drehen und haben keine Notwendigkeit in die Synchronisationen. Der Zeiger auf

bedingt zeigt die äußerliche Einwirkung auf die Steuerschaltung 38 der Elektromotoren 4. Dabei gibt das Steuerschaltung 38 der Elektromotoren 4 die nährende Anstrengung in Form von den Impulsen des Stromes mit dem ständigen Impulsdauer, welche nicht von der Impulsfrequenz abhängt aus.When pressing on the lever 13 with the leg, the rope moves 15 with the cans 33 to the left, and when the lever is released 13 the rope moves 15 with the cans 33 under the effect of the recurring spring 35 to the right. The magnetic field lines cross the permanent magnets 34 the turns of the winding 32 and EMK different sign (because of change in the direction of movement of the magnets 34 ) appears. Since charging of the battery of the accumulators requires the rectifying voltage, the electric generators are 17

with the bridge rectifiers 37 Connected, their outputs on plugs of the battery of accumulators 18 are united and connected, as well as are with control circuit 38 the electric motors 4 connected. Both electric motors will turn absolutely synchronously and have no need for synchronization. The pointer on

conditionally shows the external influence on the control circuit 38 the electric motors 4 , There is the control circuit 38 the electric motors 4 the nourishing effort in the form of impulses of a current with the constant pulse duration which does not depend on pulse frequency.

Pulse frequency and modes of operation of electromagnets is established by the driver thus regulating the speed of movement of HFV and the torque on its wheels.

The similar drive can also be used for electric bicycles, electric mopeds, etc.

If as the example use in HFV the batteries 18 To consider accumulators with 20.0 Ah (at the voltage U = 24 V), so 2 passengers can fully charge them for about 2 hours (if the battery is partially charged before the trip, so charging during the course of course requires shorter time ) on the condition that every electric generator 17 the power gives 60 watts. The direct current consumed by an electromagnet: 15 W: 24 V = 0.625 A,

But because the voltage source is impulsive, the average consumption of electrical energy is even less, for example, 0.5 A.

mit den gewöhnlichen Elektromotoren). Dann kann man mit der maximalen Geschwindigkeit fahren: 89,6 × 10 = 896 km. Two electric motors consume according to 1 A, that is, the capacity 20,0 Ah will suffice approximately on 20 hours of work of electric motors. Since the part of time goes to the start and the acceleration, as well as the ride on the climb, allow the real driving time with the maximum speed will be about 10 hours (which significantly exceeds the time of movement

with ordinary electric motors). Then you can drive at the maximum speed: 89.6 × 10 = 896 km.

After charging the battery 18 Accumulators, the ride will go without any muscle efforts. By a little clock, recovered, you can still work from the pedals. From such, the way, on indication of HFV it is possible to drive with considerable speed long distances, consuming, not dripping drops of fuel, damage of environment, and consuming moderate human forces.

Even the small power solar battery (about 50 watts) on the roof HFV is used for charging the battery 18 Accumulators enough. At the same time the physical load on the members of the team will decrease. Such velomobiles can become new ecologically pure means of transport for trips in the city, as well as for other trips.

The maximum torque and maximum speed of the electric motor on the wheel are divisible by the number of electromagnets. Therefore, there is the possibility to significantly increase the speed of movement HFV and the maximum torque. If to use more powerful electromagnets - it is possible to increase even more the torque. Combining performance and number of electromagnets, it is possible to get a torque in hundreds N · m, and the maximum speed - more than 200 km / h at relatively small energy consumption.

Of course, here it does not concern charging of accumulators only by human forces, but the size of a roof will allow to increase area and performance of solar batteries. In such a case, it will be difficult to cross the border between Velomobil and the fully-fledged electric vehicle.

Literatir.

• 1st TWIKE Center Benediktbeuern ( www.benediktbeuern.de)
• 2. Heinzmann GmbH @ Co. KG ( www.heinzmann.com )
• 3. Electric motor on the wheel, utility model no .: 20 2009 000 141.5, IPC B62M 7/12
• 4. Electric motor on the bicycle, application for a patent, file reference 10 2009 003 932.5, date: 05.01.2009.
• 5. Mannel Magnettechnik GmbH @ Co. KG ( www.mannel-magnet.info)

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited non-patent literature

• www.benediktbeuern.de) [0045]
• www.heinzmann.com [0045]
• www.mannel-magnet.info) [0045]

Claims (3)

Hybrid folding velomobile (HFV), which has the axial beam, the wheels of the driving wheels, the steering wheel and the mechanism of the turn, the drive wheels, the brake system, the muscle drive, electric motors that work from battery of the accumulators, as well as the armchairs located adjacent to each other to the right and left of the axial beam, characterized in that the common axis of the drive wheels HFV is absent, and the chairs fold in the direction of the axial beam, the inner legs of the chair being on the axial beam of the velomobile Fixed, but external legs of each chair are fixed on its beam of a driving wheel, to this beam the driving wheel is fixed on its axis, and the electric motor of a driving wheel HFV, at the same time the muscular drive moves electric generators, which charge the accumulator battery, which via the control circuit nourishes the electric motors, which turn the drive wheels. HFV on point 1, characterized in that electric motors in HFV are used «electric motors on a wheel». HFV according to the item 1, 2, characterized in that in HFV to use electric generators with the linear movement of the permanent magnet.

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