DE102009017917A1 - Shredder for use in earth mill for analyzing soil sample in agricultural field, has gap provided between roller and guide plate, where breath of gap is variable such that guide plate is elastically fastened at housing - Google Patents

Abstract

The shredder (2) has a rotatably driven roller (20) provided with a peripheral-sided toothing (23), and a gap (28) provided between the roller and a guide plate (24), where breath of the gap is variable such that the guide plate is elastically fastened at a housing (1). The guide plate is supported at the housing in an area of an end against force of a compression spring (25), where the end is turned towards a crushing mill (3). A gas pressure damper is arranged between the guide plate and the housing and fastened at the guide plate in an area of an end.

Description

The The invention relates to a pre-shredder for arrangement within a housing and above a grinder of a device for crushing soil samples, in particular from an analysis to be submitted to soil samples.

From the DE 41 38 456 A1 is a device for crushing soil samples (often called mill) with a hopper having a housing and a arranged below the chute in the housing grinder known.

Pollution, over-fertilization soils in agriculture and increasing pollutant load of acreage require both information about the nutrient content in the soil as well as over its Pollutant content to get. For meaningful measurement results To obtain individual soil samples, these must be after their Removal be prepared. In particular, the soil samples must be homogenized. Single batches of samples must be broken up and mixed, but without destroying the soil components or mix different batches together because this to a falsification of the later measurement results would lead. To crush the sample are at the known device two rotatably mounted rotary body provided with different peripheral speeds whose Turning directions are in opposite directions, so that a automatic collection of the sample material is enforced and a Manual refilling by means of a special tool superfluous becomes. The dimensionally stable counter body forms a rotating Housing wall, which by their own rotation also a has self-cleaning function. Due to different rotational speeds of the Both rollers should have an optimal mixing of the respective sample batch be achieved.

The Consistency of individual soil samples is very different. It is enough from a light, crumbly ground to a heavy, lumpy clay soil. It may be more or less large rocks added. While too big and hard pieces of clay have to be ground down To homogenize the soil sample, stones must not be crushed, because later to a falsification the result of the analysis. Hard soil samples lead to corresponding wear on the grinder, what will be exchanged after a certain period of use got to.

soil samples for agriculture will be after the fall harvest of a year necessarily made to shed light on to preserve the nutrients of the soil and nutrient deficiency by appropriate fertilization for the next To compensate for sowing in spring. In The corresponding analysis laboratories are then booming at this time and there must be a variety of earth samples for later Analysis processed. The residence time of a sample in the So mill must be as short as possible to one to ensure high throughput. The inevitable wear on the Grinder and the necessary replacement lead but at downtime, so the laboratories maintain their Capacity in peak times several earth mills at the same time, which not only leads to correspondingly high operating costs, but also overcapacity outside the harvest time leads.

From Based on this problem, the above-described Device can be improved by a pre-shredder.

to Problem solving is characterized by the pre-shredder by a rotationally driven, provided with a circumferential toothing Roller, a baffle and between the roller and the baffle provided gap whose width is thereby changed, that the baffle is resiliently attached to the housing is off.

By the arrangement of a pre-shredder will be rough clay chunks first crushed. The grinding work, which was subsequently carried out by the grinder must be reduced, which has a positive effect on the wear on the Grinder works. Due to the elastically yielding arrangement of Baffle ensures that stones from the pre-shredder not be ground but through the pre-shredder can be led and rejected.

Of the Pre-shredder smashes large clay clods and brings the earth sample already to a smaller "grain size", so that the sample batch in the adjoining grinder Milled faster to a defined grain size and can be homogenized with it. The wear on the Grinder will, because no too coarse clay lumps are crushed more need, reduced. The service life of the grinder is increased. At the same time, the residence time of the sample batch in the device also reduced by that gravity for sample transport is being used.

Between the pre-shredder and the grinder is preferably a tilted Strainer arranged with a defined mesh size, of which stones sorted out and as a result of gravity into a collecting container can slip.

To the elastically yielding storage of To achieve baffles, this is in the region of its grinder end facing preferably against the force of a spring, in particular preferably a compression spring, supported on the housing. The other end of the baffle may be firmly connected to the housing.

Instead of a spring can be between the baffle and the housing also arranged a gas spring or the like be.

The Width of the gap is preferably adjustable. The attitude the gap width can be done by means of a screw. If the screw is arranged concentrically within the compression spring, the required Reduced installation space. At the same time, the screw can also be used for pretensioning the compression spring can be used.

Advantageous it is when the baffle in its lower part of the peripheral contour the toothing or the roller is adjusted, so that the gap to an arcuate channel of substantially constant Width is.

The Grinder consists of a drivable drum with a plurality radially projecting cam and a rigid in the housing attached, with individual cams cooperating, toothed comb and is characterized by the fact that both the cams and the Teeth of the comb, based on the radial direction of the drum, are conical. It is due to the conical design possible to adjust drum and comb relative to each other, so that wear can be compensated without that the gap width between the cams and the teeth changed the comb by adjusting.

If the housing at least three-piece with two horizontal Partial joints is formed and within the first parting the Storage of the roller of the pre-shredder and within the second Teilfuge the storage of the drum of the grinder is provided these parts are easily and quickly accessible and can if necessary, quickly replaced, which reduces downtime reduced the device. In addition, arise through the horizontal housing division no nests, in which themselves Soil can accumulate so that no cleaning areas arise, which would necessarily lead to downtime, because, of course, parts of a sample batch not with the next Sample batch may be mixed.

The Storage of the drum and the roller is preferably by rolling bearings educated.

Around the ground sample is easy to remove is preferably below the grinder one accessible from the outside Chamber, in particular preferably formed by a drawer is provided.

Below The drawer is a container for sieved Stones and coarse clay lumps provided, the much larger as the sample drawer is and only emptied from time to time too will need.

With Help a drawing is an embodiment of the Invention will be described in more detail below.

It shows:

1 the perspective view of a mill;

2 a side view of the earth mill;

3 the section along the line III-III according to 2 ;

4 the side view of the upper part of the mill;

5 the view according to arrow V after 4 ;

6 the section along the line VI-VI after 4 ;

7 the section along the line VII-VII according to 5 ;

8th the section along the line VIII-VIII 5 ;

9 the side view of the drum of the grinder;

10 the view of the grinder according to arrow X after 9 ;

11 the detail marked with XI 10 ;

12 a perspective view of the drum;

13 the item marked XIII 10 ;

14 the item marked XIV 15 ;

15 the top view of the drum and the comb of the grinder;

16 the view according to arrow XVI 15 ,

The so-called Erdmühle ground crushing device consists of the housing 1 on one with the door 10 lockable cabinet 13 is attached. Inside the case 1 are the pre-shredder 2 and below the pre-shredder 2 provided grinder 3 arranged. Above the case 1 is the funnel 4 provided, a suction nozzle 14 to which a suction fan can be connected to when filling the soil samples into the hopper 4 to extract dust that has formed. Below the grinder 3 is in the closet 13 a drawer 8th provided, in which the crushed soil sample is collected. Inside the cabinet 13 is the collection container 9 intended for sieved stones and large clay lumps. The drive of the pre-shredder 2 and the grinder 3 takes place via the electric motor 7 and a belt transmission. In the case 1 is below the electric motor 7 an insertion opening 15 for the sieve 16 intended. At the Cabinet 13 are four eyelets 12 provided where the mill can be lifted and transported.

The housing 1 is over two horizontal part joints 5 . 6 divided into three parts. In the plane of the parting line 5 is the toothed roller 20 of the pre-shredder 2 stored. In the plane of the parting line 6 is the one with conical cams 31 provided drum 30 of the grinder 3 stored. Between the pre-shredder 2 and the grinder 3 is an inclined sieve 17 arranged with a mesh size of about 1 cm. Stones and clay chunks that the pre-shredder 2 have passed and are greater than 1 cm, slip through the vertical channel 18 in the collection container 9 , Through the horizontal parting lines 5 . 6 and the resulting possible simple storage of the roller 20 or the drum 30 becomes a smooth inner wall of the housing 1 achieved so that no dirt nests form, in which parts of a soil sample can accumulate, so that eliminates cleaning after grinding a sample.

Under the grinder 3 is one over the drive 19 powered vibrating screen 16 arranged. The mesh size of the vibrating screen 16 corresponds to the required particle size of the subsequently analyzed soil sample. Below the vibrating screen 16 is a funnel 40 arranged in the drawer 8th empties. The drive of the roller 20 of the pre-shredder 2 and the drum 30 of the grinder 3 as well as the drive 19 for the vibrating screen 16 via the engine 7 and from the drive pulleys 41 . 42 . 43 . 44 and the drive belt 45 . 46 . 47 existing belt transmission.

The pre-shredder 2 consists of the one with a rough toothing 23 provided roller 20 that have one in rolling bearings 22 mounted shaft 21 is driven, the radial to the roller 20 spaced baffle arranged 24 and the gearing 23 cleaning, drum-shaped brush 26 , The baffle 24 is with its upper end against the inner wall of the housing 1 attached. With its opposite, the grinder 3 facing end is the baffle 24 via a compression spring 25 or a gas spring 25a movable against the housing 1 supported. In 6 is to support the baffle 24 one over a screw 27 prestressable compression spring 25 shown in 3 is to support the baffle 24 a gas spring 25a shown. By this configuration, the baffle 24 relative to the roller 20 movable. Hard clay lumps or stones can be added to the pre-shredder 2 This will happen unhindered, where they are not through the roller 20 be destroyed, but the baffle 24 evades and the width B of the channel 28 increased. These then fall on the sieve 17 and slip, if they are larger than the mesh size, from there into the channel 18 , Pre-shredded pieces smaller than the mesh size of the sieve 17 are falling through this into the grinder 3 , About the screw 27 can the distance of the baffle 24 to the roller 20 or their teeth 23 be set. The lower end of the baffle 24 is the circumferential contour of the roller 20 adapted, so that a bow-shaped channel 28 with a substantially constant width B sets.

The grinder 3 consists of the drum 30 , the circumferentially with several rows of conically tapered radially outward cams 31 is provided, and the radially spaced from the drum 30 arranged comb 33 , a series of teeth 34 having tapered outwardly. As 8th shows, the drum becomes 30 over with the drive pulley 44 connected shaft 32 driven. The tapered teeth 34 of the comb 33 grab in the gaps 36 between the conically radially outwardly tapered cams 31 the drum 30 , As 12 recognize, are the cams 31 arranged offset in adjacent rows R to each other. The gap between two cams 31 a row R is wider than the width of a tooth 23 of the comb 20 , so that between the meshing cams 31 and teeth 23 sets a gap width of approx. 10 mm. Through this gap, stones or large pieces of clay, passing through the mesh of the sieve 17 fallen, fall through. You then get to the sieve to be described in more detail below 16 and from there into the collection container 9 ,

The bearing of the shaft 32 lies in the plane of the horizontal parting line 6 , The comb 33 is at his the sieve 17 facing end obliquely fend trained (see. 6 ), allowing sample material along the inner wall 35 of the comb 33 towards the cams 31 / teeth 34 slips and is crushed there by the interlocking rows of teeth.

The cams 31 and the teeth 34 are subject to unavoidable wear, resulting in an increase in the gap between the intermeshing cams 31 and teeth 34 on the crest 33 leads. To compensate for this wear, the drum 30 and the comb 33 slidably arranged to each other. Preferably, the comb 33 in the direction of the rigidly mounted roller 30 be delivered. Due to the conical design of the cams 31 and teeth 34 and thus inevitably a taper in the interdental spaces of adjacent cams 31 and teeth 34 in a row, the adjustment compensates so far as the gap between the intermeshing cams 31 and teeth 34 not enlarged, or the wear caused by the increase can be compensated. The life of the grinder 3 is thereby increased. The gap width is 2 mm in the standard setting and can be reduced as required.

The vibrating sieve 16 is about the eccentric rod 48 that of a disguise 49 is covered, moved in the vertical direction. In the grinder 3 shredded specimens that are larger than the mesh size of the vibrating screen 16 be by the oblique arrangement (see. 6 ) of the sieve 16 in the channel 18 promoted and fall from there into the collection container 9 while passing through the mesh of the vibrating screen 16 Good falling over the funnel 40 in the sample drawer 8th arrives.

The mesh size of the vibrating screen 16 is 2 mm or less. The vibrating sieve 16 is interchangeable and is adjusted according to the particle size requirement (gap width in the grinder). The originally heterogeneous soil sample is homogenized during comminution and sieving and thus an analysis-ready material for chemical and physical soil analysis is obtained. The collection container 9 is mounted on four wheels, not shown, and can after filling with a handle from the cabinet 13 be pulled out and emptied.

1

casing

2

shredder

3

grinder

4

feeding hopper

5

horizontal parting

6

horizontal parting

7

Engine / electric motor

8th

Chamber / drawer

9

receptacle

10

door

11

housing case

12

eyelet

13

cabinet

14

suction

15

opening

16

vibrating screen

17

scree

18

channel

19

drive

20

roller

21

wave

22

roller bearing

23

gearing

24

baffle

25

Spring / compression spring

25a

Gas Springs

26

brush

27

screw

28

channel

30

drum

31

cam

32

wave

33

Comb

34

tooth

35

wall

36

gap

40

funnel

41

sheave

42

sheave

43

sheave

44

sheave

45

drive belts

46

drive belts

47

drive belts

48

eccentric

49

cover

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list The documents listed by the applicant have been automated generated and is solely for better information recorded by the reader. The list is not part of the German Patent or utility model application. The DPMA takes over no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• - DE 4138456 A1 [0002]

Claims (10)

Pre-shredder for placement within a housing ( 1 ) and above a grinder ( 3 ) a device for comminuting soil samples, in particular from an analysis to be submitted to soil samples, characterized by a rotationally driven, with a peripheral toothing ( 23 ) provided roll ( 20 ), a baffle ( 24 ) and one between the roller ( 20 ) and the baffle ( 24 ) provided gap ( 28 ) whose width (B) is variable by the fact that the baffle ( 24 ) elastically yielding to the housing ( 1 ) is attached. Pre-shredder according to claim 1, characterized in that the guide plate ( 24 ) in the area of its grinder ( 3 ) facing the force of a spring ( 25 ) on the housing ( 1 ) is supported. Pre-shredder according to claim 2, characterized in that the spring ( 25 ) is a compression spring. Pre-shredder according to claim 1, characterized in that between the baffle ( 24 ) and the housing ( 1 ) a gas spring ( 25a ) is arranged. Pre-shredder according to claim 4, characterized in that the gas pressure damper ( 25a ) in the area of the grinder ( 3 ) end facing the baffle ( 24 ) is attached. Pre-shredder according to one of claims 2, 3 or 5, characterized in that the other end of the guide plate ( 24 ) fixed to the housing ( 1 ) connected is. Pre-shredder according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the width (B) of the gap ( 28 ) is adjustable. Pre-shredder according to claim 7, characterized in that for adjusting the width (B) of the gap ( 28 ) a screw ( 27 ) is provided. Pre-shredder according to claim 3 and 8, characterized in that the screw ( 27 ) within the compression spring ( 25 ) is arranged. Pre-shredder according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the baffle ( 24 ) in its lower region of the peripheral contour of the toothing ( 23 ), so that the gap ( 28 ) to an arcuate channel of substantially constant width (B).