DE102009003900B4 - internal combustion engine - Google Patents
internal combustion engine Download PDFInfo
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- DE102009003900B4 DE102009003900B4 DE200910003900 DE102009003900A DE102009003900B4 DE 102009003900 B4 DE102009003900 B4 DE 102009003900B4 DE 200910003900 DE200910003900 DE 200910003900 DE 102009003900 A DE102009003900 A DE 102009003900A DE 102009003900 B4 DE102009003900 B4 DE 102009003900B4
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- connecting rod
- internal combustion
- combustion engine
- piston
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- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 210000000078 claw Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 25
- 239000013598 vector Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B75/00—Other engines
- F02B75/32—Engines characterised by connections between pistons and main shafts and not specific to preceding main groups
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B2275/00—Other engines, components or details, not provided for in other groups of this subclass
- F02B2275/06—Endless member is a belt
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Pistons, Piston Rings, And Cylinders (AREA)
- Shafts, Cranks, Connecting Bars, And Related Bearings (AREA)
Abstract
Verbrennungsmotor mit mindestens einem in einem Zylinder hin- und herbewegten Kolben, dessen Bewegung durch einen Pleuel in eine Drehbewegung einer Kurbelwelle umgesetzt wird, wobei an jeder Pleuelstange rechts der zusätzliche Teil ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass jeder zusätzliche Teil (15) vorzugenthält, dabei der Teil (15) und die Spanneisen (16) die symmetrische bezüglich einander Krallen (15c), (16a) enthalten; die Krallen (15c), (16a) sich paarweise unweit des Pleuelkopfes und des Pleuelfußes in den Kontakten mit dem rechten Rand der Pleuelstange (6) kontaktieren, in der einzigen Oberfläche liegen; die Breite (M) der Platte (15a) enger als der Abstand (N) zwischen der Gegengewichten (12) ist. Die Erfindung kann ca. 15% beliebigen Kraftstoff sparen und entsprechen die Menge des Auspuffs vermidern.Internal combustion engine with at least one piston reciprocated in a cylinder, the movement of which is converted into a rotary movement of a crankshaft by a connecting rod, the additional part being on the right of each connecting rod, characterized in that each additional part (15) preferably contains the Part (15) and the clamping iron (16) which contain claws (15c), (16a) symmetrical with respect to one another; the claws (15c), (16a) contact each other in pairs not far from the connecting rod head and the connecting rod foot in the contacts with the right edge of the connecting rod (6), lie in the single surface; the width (M) of the plate (15a) is narrower than the distance (N) between the counterweights (12). The invention can save about 15% of any fuel and correspondingly reduce the amount of exhaust.
Description
Stand der TechnikState of the art
In den traditionellen Verbrennungsmotoren im Anfang des Arbeitshubs, wann der Druck der Gasen im Zylinder maximale ist, das Drehmoment an Kurbelwelle von dieser maximalen Kraft die Null ist, weil dabei die Pleuelstange und die Kurbel auf einziger geraden Linie liegen. Diese Verluste vermindern den effektiven Druck und entsprechend den Wirkungsgrad.In the traditional combustion engines in the beginning of the power stroke, when the pressure of the gases in the cylinder is maximum, the torque at crankshaft is zero from this maximum force, because at the same time the connecting rod and the crank lie on a single straight line. These losses reduce the effective pressure and the efficiency.
In dem Verbrennungsmotor gemäß der Offenlegungsschrift
Der Verbrennungsmotor gemäß der Offenlegungsschrift
Verbrennungsmotor gemäß der Patentschrift
Diese Druckschriften (1), (2), (3) sehen die Modernisierung vor, die nicht immer für die Motoren, die sich in Betrieb befinden, wegen oben genannten hohen Arbeitsaufwande man realisieren kann. Es hat große Bedeutung, weil in der Welt ungefähr zum Beispiel eine Milliarde Autos mit der traditionellen Motoren in dem Betrieb gibt es, wobei die verschiedenen Verbrennungsmotoren in verschiedenartigen Maschinen und Aggregaten existieren. Deshalb ist real Notwendigkeit eine technische Lösung für die Modernisierung der Mehrheit der betrieben traditionellen Verbrennungsmotore.These documents (1), (2), (3) provide for the modernization, which can not always be realized for the engines that are in operation, because of the above-mentioned high workload one. It is of great importance because in the world there are for example about a billion cars with the traditional engines in the plant, where the different internal combustion engines exist in different machines and aggregates. Therefore, real need is a technical solution for the modernization of the majority of operated traditional combustion engines.
Aufgabe der ErfindungObject of the invention
Ziel der Erfindung ist daher die Schaffung eines Verbrennungsmotors mit erhöhten ökonomischen und ökologischen Kennziffern mit Hilfe der weiteren Optimierung der Größe und Anordnung der Vektoren der Trägheitskräfte in seinem Kurbelbetriebe bei der Möglichkeit der Einfachheit der Montage der zusätzlichen Teile an den Pleuelstange.The aim of the invention is therefore to provide an internal combustion engine with increased economic and ecological parameters by means of the further optimization of the size and arrangement of the vectors of inertial forces in its crank operations with the possibility of simplicity of mounting the additional parts to the connecting rod.
Das Ziel wird dadurch erreicht, dass jeder zusätzliche Teil an dem Pleuel, der die positive Trägheitskräfte bildet, vorzugsweise mit einem U-förmiges Spanneisen erfüllt; seine Außenfläche wird mit der Zylinderfläche bei dem montage-wärmen Spiel gekoppelt; seiner Oberrand befindet sich unter Unterrand des Kolbens.The goal is achieved by having each additional part on the connecting rod, which forms the positive inertial forces, preferably filled with a U-shaped clamping iron; its outer surface is coupled to the cylindrical surface in the assembly-warming game; its upper edge is below the lower edge of the piston.
Ausführungsbeispielembodiment
Die Erfindung wird im Folgenden an Hand der dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiele erläutert.The invention will be explained below with reference to the illustrated embodiments.
Es zeigen:Show it:
Der Verbrennungsmotor besteht aus dem Zylinderblock (
An jeder Pleuelstange (
Die Einwirkung der Trägheitskräfte von den zusätzlichen Teilen (
l = 157 mm – die Lange der Pleuelstange;
y = 60 mm – der Abstand zwischen dem eigenen Schwerpunktes (T1) der Pleuelstange (
h = 3,2 mm – der Abstand zwischen der eigener Pleuelstangeachse mit dem Schwerpunkt (T1) und dem Schwerpunke (T3) der Pleuelstange (
K – der Abstand zwischen dem Schwerpunkt (T1) und dem Schwerpunkt (T2) des zusätzlichen Teil (
m15 = 80 g – die Masse des zusätzlichen Teils (
mPs = 600 g – die eigene Masse der Pleuelstange.
MPsz = 600 + 80 = 680 g – die ganze Masse der Pleuelstange (
l = 157 mm - the length of the connecting rod;
y = 60 mm - the distance between the center of gravity (T 1 ) of the connecting rod (
h = 3.2 mm - the distance between the own connecting rod axis with the center of gravity (T 1 ) and the center of gravity (T 3 ) of the connecting rod (
K - the distance between the center of gravity (T 1 ) and the center of gravity (T 2 ) of the additional part (
m 15 = 80 g - the mass of the additional part (
m Ps = 600 g - the own mass of the connecting rod.
M Psz = 600 + 80 = 680 g - the whole mass of the connecting rod (
Für die Analyse des Einflusses der Trägheitskräfte auf den Hauptparameter eines Verbrennungsmotors ist nötig in jeden Quadranten – Q, P, R, S – der Zone des Kurbeldrehens diese Kräfte zu bestimmen.In order to analyze the influence of inertial forces on the main parameter of an internal combustion engine, it is necessary to determine these forces in each quadrant - Q, P, R, S - of the cranking zone.
Es ist allbekannt, dass eine Trägheitskraft FTr = –am, wo a – Beschleunigung, m – Masse.It is well known that an inertial force F Tr = -am, where a - acceleration, m - mass.
Das Zeichen (–) bedeutet, dass der Vektor der Trägheitskraft hat die Richtung, die immer gegen die Führung des Vektors der Beschleunigung hat.The sign (-) means that the vector of inertial force has the direction that always has against the guidance of the vector of acceleration.
Gemäß der Formel 13.8 aus dem Buch „Verbrennungsmotoren” – Grundlagen, Verfahrenstheorie, Konstruktion” von Dr. A. Urlaub – Springer-Verlag – 1995 s. 366 Beschleunigung des Kolbens ak = dc/dt = dc/dφ × dφ/dt = rω2(cosφ + λcos2φ),
wo r = 0,043 m – der Radius der Kurbel; λ = r/l = 0,043/0,157 = 0,275;
ω – Winkelgeschwindigkeit der Kurbelwelle;
φ – Winkel der Wendung der Kurbelwelle.According to the formula 13.8 from the book "internal combustion engines" - bases, process theory, construction "of Dr. med. A. Holiday - Springer-Verlag - 1995 s. 366 acceleration of the piston a k = dc / dt = dc / dφ × dφ / dt = rω 2 (cosφ + λcos2φ),
where r = 0.043 m - the radius of the crank; λ = r / l = 0.043 / 0.157 = 0.275;
ω - angular velocity of the crankshaft;
φ - angle of rotation of the crankshaft.
Die maximale Drehzahl n = 6100 l/min, ω = 638,5 Rad/SThe maximum speed n = 6100 l / min, ω = 638.5 rad / s
In der Lage 0 bei dem Anfang des Arbeitshubs φ = 0.Able 0 at the beginning of the working stroke φ = 0.
Die Beschleunigung ao = rω2(1 + λ) = 0,0405 × 638,52 × (1 + 0,275) = 21051,7 m/S2. Die hat ihre Richtung nach unten.The acceleration a o = rω 2 (1 + λ) = 0.0405 × 638.5 × 2 (1 + 0.275) = 21051.7 m / s 2 . She has her direction down.
Der Kolben (
Es bedeutet, dass in Anfang des Arbeithubs in beliebigen modernisierten entsprechend der Erfindung Verbrennungsmotor – in der Unterschied von allen traditionellen Motors – in dem Anfang des Arbeitshubs von den Trägheitskräften infolge der Montage der zusätzlichen Teile (
In dem Quadrant Q zum Beispiel bei φ = 40° befindet sich der Kolben (
Dabei: Die Beschleunigung a40 = rω2(cosφ + λcos2φ) = 0,0405 × 638,52 × (cos40° + 0,275 × cos80°) = 12647,6 m/S2. Sie hat die Richtung nach unten. Deshalb Trägheitskraft FTr.40 = 12647,6 × 0,68 = 8600 N. Das Drehmoment an der Pleuelstange von dieser Trägheitskraft MTr.40 = FTr.40·z/cosψ40, wo ψ – der Winkel der Neigung der Pleuelstange. MTr40 = 8600 × 0,0032/0,98 = 28,1 Nm.The acceleration a 40 = rω 2 (cosφ + λcos2φ) = 0.0405 × 638.5 2 × (cos40 ° + 0.275 × cos80 °) = 12647.6 m / s 2 . She has the direction down. Therefore inertia force F Tr.40 = 12647.6 × 0.68 = 8600 N. The torque at the connecting rod of this inertial force M Tr.40 = F Tr.40 · z / cosψ 40 , where ψ - the angle of inclination of the connecting rod , M Tr40 = 8600 x 0.0032 / 0.98 = 28.1 Nm.
Die zusätzliche Kraft Fzus40 = MTr40 × cosα/y = 28,1 × 0,643/0,06 = 301 Nm; (α = 90° – 40° = 50°).The additional force F zus40 = M Tr40 × cosα / y = 28.1 × 0.643 / 0.06 = 301 Nm; (α = 90 ° - 40 ° = 50 °).
Das zusätzliche Drehmoment an der Kurbelwelle Mzus40 = Fzus40 × r = 301 × 0,043 = +12.9 Nm (+8,1%). Dieses Drehmoment hat auch die Richtung im Uhrzeigersinn. Es bedeutet, dass dieses Drehmoment sich zur Hauptdrehmoment des Motors beifügt.The additional torque at the crankshaft M zus40 = F zus40 × r = 301 × 0.043 = +12.9 Nm (+ 8.1%). This torque also has the clockwise direction. It means that this torque is added to the main torque of the engine.
In dem Quadrant Q, wann der Winkel zwischen der Pleuelstange (
In dem Quadranten Q und P wachst die Größe der Beschleunigung von der Null in dem Quadrant Q bis der Vertikallage der Pleuelstange (
In der Lage III befindet sich der Kolben (
In dem Quadrant R hat die Beschleunigung ihrer Richtung nach oben bei der allmählichen Verminderung ihrer Größe. Zum Beispiel ist in Lage IV des Kolbens bei φ = 220° die Beschleunigung a220 = 11405 m/S2. Dabei ist Trägheitskraft FTr.220 = 6843 N. Sein Moment M220 = 9,7 Nm. Zusätzliches Drehmoment an Kurbelwelle Mzus.220 = +10 Nm (+6,2%)In the quadrant R has the acceleration of their upward direction in the gradual reduction of their size. For example, in position IV of the piston at φ = 220 °, the acceleration a 220 = 11405 m / s 2 . Inertia force F Tr.220 = 6843 N. Its moment M 220 = 9.7 Nm. Additional torque to crankshaft M add.220 = +10 Nm (+ 6.2%)
Nach den Übergang der Kurbel (
Die Anordnung der Krallen (
In traditionellen Verbrennungsmotoren in den Quadranten R und S das Drehmoment MR,S = 0.In traditional combustion engines in the quadrants R and S, the torque M R, S = 0.
Die Anordnung des zusätzlichen Teils rechts am Pleuelstange ermöglicht die Effektivität der Arbeit des Verbrennungsmotors wegen der Wirkung der Trägheitskräfte von der zusätzlichen Teilen bedeutend erhöht.The arrangement of the additional part to the right of the connecting rod allows the efficiency of the work of the internal combustion engine due to the effect of inertial forces of the additional parts significantly increased.
Dabei ist zweckmäßig bei dieser Modernisierung des negativen Einfluß der Zulage der Masse der Pleuelstange von den zusätzlichen Teilen. Diese Zulage wird infolge einer Verminderung der Schwungradesmasse kompensiert.It is useful in this modernization of the negative influence of the allowance of the mass of the connecting rod of the additional parts. This allowance is compensated as a result of a reduction in flywheel mass.
Die Hauptfunktionen Funktionen des Schwungrades sind Versorgen der Durchführung der Kolben bis oben Totpunkt infolge seiner zusammen mit der Kurbelwelle Trägheit, ebenso der Gleichmäßigkeit der Drehung der Kurbelwelle. In der traditionellen Motor wird die Masse des Schwungrades bei dem Drehmoment in Anfang des Taktes „Arbeitshub” M0 = 0.The main functions of the flywheel are supplying the pistons to top dead center due to its together with the crankshaft inertia, as well as the uniformity of the rotation of the crankshaft. In the traditional engine, the mass of the flywheel at the torque in the beginning of the stroke "working stroke" M 0 = 0.
In dem modernisierten Motor wirken die zusätzlichen Drehmomente von der Trägheitskräften der zusätzlichen Teilen (
Dadurch ergeben sich folgende Vorteile:
- – Der Kraftstoffverbrauch und entsprechend die Quantität des Auspuffs wird reduziert.
- – Das Beschleunigungsvermögen erhöht sich durch die Erhöhung des effektiven Drucks.
- – Die Leichgängigkeit der Arbeit des Motors wird erhöht, die Geräusch sich sinkt.
- – Die ökologischen Eigenschaften des Verbrennungsmotors und anderen Kolbenmaschinen werden verbessert.
- – Die Möglichkeit der Modernisierung mit vermindertem Arbeitsaufwand der Motore, welche sich in Nutzung befinden.
- – Diese technische Lösungen sind taugliche auch für den Kompressoren und anderen Kolbenmaschinen.
- – die Erfindung lässt diese Modernisierung ohne Demontage den Baugruppen „Kolben-Pleuel” auszuführen, was wesentlich die Arbeit vereinfacht.
- – Die Erhöhung der Leistung an dem Verbrennungsmotor erhöht seine Effektivität, weil mit der Erhöhung der Drehzahl die Trägheitskräfte von den zusätzlichen Teilen (
15 ) anwachsen.
- - The fuel consumption and accordingly the quantity of the exhaust is reduced.
- - The acceleration capacity increases by increasing the effective pressure.
- - Reliability of work of the engine is increased, noise decreases.
- - The ecological characteristics of the internal combustion engine and other piston engines are improved.
- - The possibility of modernization with reduced workload of the motors, which are in use.
- - These technical solutions are also suitable for the compressors and other piston engines.
- - The invention makes this modernization without dismantling the assemblies "piston connecting rod" execute, which significantly simplifies the work.
- - The increase in power to the internal combustion engine increases its efficiency, because with the increase in the speed of inertia of the additional parts (
15 ) grow.
Claims (4)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE200910003900 DE102009003900B4 (en) | 2009-01-03 | 2009-01-03 | internal combustion engine |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE200910003900 DE102009003900B4 (en) | 2009-01-03 | 2009-01-03 | internal combustion engine |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DE102009003900A1 DE102009003900A1 (en) | 2010-07-15 |
| DE102009003900B4 true DE102009003900B4 (en) | 2012-09-27 |
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| DE200910003900 Expired - Fee Related DE102009003900B4 (en) | 2009-01-03 | 2009-01-03 | internal combustion engine |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102013009589A1 (en) | 2013-06-07 | 2013-08-29 | Yakiv Cherkasky | Connecting rod for combustion engines, particularly piston combustion engines, has main rod the consists of left and right portions, where left portion has linear form about clockwise direction in rotation of crankshaft |
| DE202015006345U1 (en) | 2015-09-08 | 2015-11-09 | Yakiv Cherkasky | pleuel |
| DE102015011724A1 (en) | 2015-09-08 | 2016-07-07 | Yakiv Cherkasky | pleuel |
Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102010051825A1 (en) | 2010-11-18 | 2012-07-12 | Yakiv Cherkasky | Internal combustion engine mounted on vehicle e.g. car, has supplementary portion which is in form of nut that is secured at connecting rod through screw |
| DE202010015706U1 (en) | 2010-11-20 | 2011-02-03 | Cherkasky, Yakiv, Dipl.-Ing. | internal combustion engine |
| DE102011009497A1 (en) | 2011-01-27 | 2012-12-20 | Yakiv Cherkasky | Internal combustion engine for use as e.g. marine diesel engine for motor ship, has screw head whose top face is equidistant from lower edge of cylinder, where mass of screw head is greater than mass of head of tempered screw |
| DE202011108431U1 (en) | 2011-07-29 | 2012-07-23 | Yakiv Cherkasky | Weight to the connecting rod |
| DE102011108947A1 (en) | 2011-07-29 | 2013-03-07 | Yakiv Cherkasky | Counterweight attached to connecting rod in internal combustion engine, has auxiliary element with ca, which is inserted into groove of main structure, and is secured at connecting rod by screw |
| DE202011108429U1 (en) | 2011-09-15 | 2012-07-11 | Yakiv Cherkasky | Device for increasing the effective pressure in internal combustion engines |
| DE102011113525A1 (en) | 2011-09-15 | 2013-08-14 | Yakiv Cherkasky | Method for increasing effective pressure in piston combustion engine of passenger car, involves forming recess by arrangement of part relative to axles, where moment of excluding material for formation of recess and moment of part are same |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102006061484B3 (en) * | 2006-12-23 | 2008-07-10 | Cherkasky, Yakiv, Dipl.-Ing. | Internal combustion engine has cylinder, where attachment piece has cam groove, through which pin is mounted in piston parallely relative to piston pin |
| DE102007027202A1 (en) * | 2007-03-06 | 2009-03-19 | Cherkasky, Yakiv, Dipl.-Ing. | Internal combustion engine, has connecting rod with additional part, which is coupled and equidistant with adjoining surfaces of piston chamber in vertical and horizontal planes |
| DE102008028188A1 (en) * | 2007-06-13 | 2009-12-10 | Cherkasky, Yakiv, Dipl.-Ing. | internal combustion engine |
-
2009
- 2009-01-03 DE DE200910003900 patent/DE102009003900B4/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102006061484B3 (en) * | 2006-12-23 | 2008-07-10 | Cherkasky, Yakiv, Dipl.-Ing. | Internal combustion engine has cylinder, where attachment piece has cam groove, through which pin is mounted in piston parallely relative to piston pin |
| DE102007027202A1 (en) * | 2007-03-06 | 2009-03-19 | Cherkasky, Yakiv, Dipl.-Ing. | Internal combustion engine, has connecting rod with additional part, which is coupled and equidistant with adjoining surfaces of piston chamber in vertical and horizontal planes |
| DE102008028188A1 (en) * | 2007-06-13 | 2009-12-10 | Cherkasky, Yakiv, Dipl.-Ing. | internal combustion engine |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102013009589A1 (en) | 2013-06-07 | 2013-08-29 | Yakiv Cherkasky | Connecting rod for combustion engines, particularly piston combustion engines, has main rod the consists of left and right portions, where left portion has linear form about clockwise direction in rotation of crankshaft |
| DE202013011716U1 (en) | 2013-06-07 | 2014-09-01 | Yakiv Cherkasky | pleuel |
| DE202015006345U1 (en) | 2015-09-08 | 2015-11-09 | Yakiv Cherkasky | pleuel |
| DE102015011724A1 (en) | 2015-09-08 | 2016-07-07 | Yakiv Cherkasky | pleuel |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE102009003900A1 (en) | 2010-07-15 |
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