DE102009003267A1 - Brush holder with modular base, electric machine and assembly process - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a brush holder (11) for an electrical machine (1), comprising a base body (12) for supporting sliding contacts (17). According to the invention, it is provided that the base body (12) is formed by at least two partial bodies (13, 14). Furthermore, the invention relates to an electrical machine (1) and an assembly method for such an electrical machine (1).

Description

State of the art

The The invention relates to a brush holder for one electrical machine according to the preamble of Claim 1, an electrical machine with such a brush holder according to claim 8 and a method for mounting an electric machine according to the generic term of claim 11.

Known electric machines, in particular in motor vehicle adjusting drives used electrical machines include a brush holder with a one-piece, designed as a plastic injection molded part body for carrying or holding sliding contacts, electrical connecting cables as well as electrical and / or electronic components, in particular for the electromagnetic interference suppression. For every new application is so far a completely new brush holder (Sliding contact holder) developed. This results in a high Development effort and a high tool cost, because for everyone new brush holder also realized a new injection molding tool for injection molding of the body must become.

moreover is the comparatively complicated assembly known brush holder disadvantageous as these axially on the associated machine shaft, in particular a motor shaft, must be postponed, making it necessary is, the sliding contacts (carbon brushes) to raise the average knife level of the commutator, wherein it often too damage the components of the electric machine comes.

Disclosure of the invention

Of the Invention is therefore based on the object, a brush holder To specify, on the one hand easy to assemble and the other with only minor Modifications for different applications can be used. Furthermore the task is to use an electric machine with a like previously described optimized brush holder, especially for an adjustment to specify in a motor vehicle. Furthermore The object is to provide a simplified assembly method for a such brush holder specify.

These Task becomes with regard to the brush holder with the features of claim 1, in terms of electrical Machine with the features of claim 8 and in terms of Assembly method solved with the features of claim 11. advantageous Further developments of the invention are specified in the subclaims. In the context of the invention, all combinations of at least two of which are disclosed in the specification, claims and / or figures Features. To avoid repetition should be disclosed according to the method Features disclosed as a device apply and be claimable. Likewise, according to the device disclosed Features disclosed as procedurally apply and be claimable.

Of the Invention is based on the idea that one piece in the prior art Basic body in several parts to train, d. H. from at least two, preferably each as Plastic injection molded part to add part bodies, of which at least one carries at least one sliding contact. A multi-part construction of, preferably having a central passage opening for the machine shaft, brush holder allows it, as a part body of the basic body to provide a standard component, which with electrical components stocked is that with every electric machine, preferably at each Adjusting drive, especially for Automotive applications needed become. It is particularly preferred if this standard component (Body part) the function of positioning the brush body in the electric machine, preferably in the adjustment, takes over, so positioning means having. Further preferred is the standard component with a further, as a removable component formed out part body combined, the application specific stocked is, d. H. only carries the electrical components that for the respectively desired functionality needed become. So it is possible an identical standard component with, for example, three different ones To add change parts each to a body, wherein one of the removable components z. For example a rear window wiper drive may be configured, another interchangeable component for one Window lifter drive and another removable component for a Seat adjustment. By providing various removable components (Subfields) can be the variance of the overall brush holder (Overall brush holder) reduced will not be there any more complete body for every Application made individually, but only a corresponding one Interchangeable component (partial body) of the basic body must be realized. As a result, the production costs, in particular be minimized by reducing tooling costs. All in all will the flexibility in terms of the variety of variants of the brush holder significantly increased.

In a development of the invention, it is advantageously provided that the at least two partial bodies are designed shell-shaped, ie in each case delimit a central passage opening for a machine shaft in sections. In this way, the part body, as will be explained later, are mounted in the radial direction and it is no longer necessary, as in the prior art, the ge to push the entire body axially over a machine shaft, in particular a motor shaft. For radial mounting, the sliding contacts do not need to be axially guided over any interfering factors already mounted on the machine shaft. The described assembly concept can reduce component damage to a minimum.

Especially it is preferred if the sum of the subshells over a Circumferential angle of 360 ° around the passage opening around, so that results in a closed circular ring.

Grundsätzlicht it is possible that the shells each over same size Circumference angle around the passage opening for the Machine shaft extend around, preferably over each 180 °. At a such embodiment an identical shape of the shells is possible, reducing the manufacturing costs and the tooling costs can be further reduced.

at an alternative embodiment the shells extend over different circumferential angles, preferably once over 270 ° and the other Over 90 °, where also alternative circumferential angle ratios can be realized.

Especially then when the part bodies in at least one, preferably finally one, standard body (standard component) and at least one, in particular only one, application-specific change body (Interchangeable component) is an embodiment preferred in which the two partial bodies with a different Number and / or differently formed, preferably electrical and / or electronic components are equipped, wherein the exchangeable body is preferably only the application-specific components and the standard body the for one Variety of applications needed Carries components. Preferably carries at least one of the at least two, preferably only two, Partial body, preferably both partial bodies, at least one sliding contact receiving device and / or at least a mass spring and / or at least one capacitor and / or at least a throttle and / or at least one varistor and / or at least a sensor, for example a Hall sensor and / or at least an electrical resistance. The concrete assembly of the individual part body is depending on the particular application, where it is particularly preferred if the standard body all carbon brushes as well the associated Springs for pressing the carbon brushes on a commutator. If necessary you can on the standard body also be provided EMC chokes. Advantageously, the EMC class of electrical Machine by a corresponding specific (individual) assembly of the change body with corresponding components, such as capacitors and / or diodes, established.

Basically it is possible that's the main body forming part body on the housing one with such a brush holder equipped, electric machine are kept. Additionally or alternatively it is preferred that the at least two, preferably only two, partial body positive and / or non-positive to connect with each other.

Prefers be for the mounting process a snap hook connection and / or a screw connection and / or an insulation displacement connection realized.

Especially is appropriate it, if to the positive interconnecting the part bodies Locking means are provided, which preferably at least one locking element on one of the part bodies and at least one corresponding locking receptacle on the other partial body include. It is particularly preferred if the locking element comprises two locking arms arranged substantially parallel to each other, Of course, too differently designed locking elements can be used. Especially useful it, if at least a part of the locking means, as electrical contact for electrically connecting the two partial bodies or are formed by electrical components of the body part. The Locking means thus have a double function - they serve for a mechanically interconnecting the two part bodies and on the other hand for establishing an electrical connection between the respective electrical components of the body part.

Especially is appropriate it, if preferred in addition to the aforementioned Locking means between the part bodies at least one retaining lugs / receiving opening combination is provided, which is preferably exclusively a plug connection and not a locking connection. Particularly preferred it if at least three retaining lugs / receiving aperture combinations provided are even more preferred are a total of four retaining lugs with corresponding receiving openings intended.

The invention also leads to an electric machine, in particular an electric motor, preferably an adjusting drive in a motor vehicle, in particular a window regulator drive, a windshield wiper drive or a seat adjustment drive. The electric machine is characterized by a previously described, designed according to the concept of the invention brush holder. Through the use of such a brush holder according to the invention, the assembly of the electrical significantly simplifies the machine and minimizes the risk of component damage.

Furthermore leads the The invention relates to a method for mounting one as described above trained electric machine, including one according to the concept The invention embodied brush holder. The core of the assembly process is not the brush holder as in the stand the technique axially on the machine shaft of the electric machine postpone, but in the assembled state the main body of brush holder forming part body to move in the radial direction relative to each other, so that the body first mounted directly to the electric machine and a axial mounting is avoided. By the realization of a radial Need mounting the grinding wheels (carbon brushes) not be raised to the diameter level of the commutator. A possible damage the components is thus prevented. For radial mounting, the Sliding contacts not over already mounted on the anchor, existing interference contours in the axial direction guided become.

Especially it is preferred who the part body be fixed to each other, in particular positive and / or non-positive.

In Development of the invention is provided with advantage that the first two, preferably only two, forming the main body partial body with different components, in particular differently designed and / or provided in a different number, electrically and / or electronic components, equipped be particularly preferred prior to the setting of the Partial body. As a result, as explained in the preceding description, a Standard body part be realized, with different Wechselgrundkörperteilen can be combined to the electrical machine application specific embody.

Further Advantages, features and details of the invention will become apparent the following description of preferred embodiments and by reference the drawings.

These show in:

1 an electrical machine designed as an electric motor for an adjustment drive in a motor vehicle,

2a and 2 B in different views, a first part body of a brush holder main body,

3a and 3b : a second partial body of the main body for combination with the in the 2a and 2 B shown part body and

4 : the two part bodies in a pre-assembly position.

In The figures are the same elements and elements with the same Function marked with the same reference numerals.

1 shows an exploded view of serving as an electric motor for an adjustment not shown electric machine 1 (Direct current machine). This includes a housing pot 2 for recording the actual motormimik. In the housing pot 2 is a warehouse 3 for a machine shaft 4 received. Furthermore, a spring element 5 and a retaining ring 6 for a plurality of circumferentially distributed permanent magnets 7 provided, radially within which a rotationally fixed on the machine shaft 4 sitting anchor package 8th is arranged. Axial to the anchor package 8th also includes a rotationally fixed on the machine shaft 4 seated, electrically conductive with the anchor package 8th connected commutator 9 on, whose peripheral blades 10 with not shown carbon brushes (sliding contacts) of a brush holder 11 interact. The brush holder 11 includes a main body 12 made of plastic, which carries the sliding contacts, electrical connecting cables and electronic components. The main body 12 is composed of a first and a second body part 13 . 14 , which are each formed as a plastic tip casting. The main body 12 has a centric, of the partial bodies 13 . 14 encompassing passage opening 15 on, through which the machine shaft 4 towards a warehouse 16 is guided.

As 1 it can be seen, are the two part body 13 . 14 each shell-shaped, ie they extend over a circumferential angle of in this embodiment in each case 180 ° about the machine shaft 4 around.

In the 2a and 2 B is a first, designed as a plastic injection molded part body to form a body shown. The part body 13 carries in the embodiment shown two sliding contacts 17 for contacting the commutator sitting on the machine shaft. Furthermore, the part body carries 13 the electrical component 18 , such as a suppression choke. In the embodiment shown, the first part body 13 designed as a standard component for integration in a variety of different electrical machines, whereas in the 3a and 3b shown second partial body 14 , which is also an injection-molded part, is designed application-specific, that forms a change-part body. Also the second part body 14 carries in the embodiment shown sliding contacts 17 as well as elek tronic components, wherein the electronic components of the two part body 13 . 14 differ.

From the 3a and 3b it follows that the first part body 13 over a circumferential angle of about 270 ° around the partially within the first body part 13 trained passage opening 15 extends. The in the 3a and 3b shown second partial body extends approximately over a circumferential angle of 90 ° about the partially formed in this passage opening 15 , Together, the partial bodies enclose 13 . 14 the passage opening 15 fully, ie over a circumferential angle of 360 °.

The two part bodies 13 . 14 are designed for positive connection with each other. For this purpose, on the second part of the body 13 . 14 - In particular two - in the direction of the first part body 13 extending locking elements 19 provided in the corresponding locking receptacles 20 in the first part of the body 13 intervene and within these snap shots 20 can lock with corresponding counter-locking elements. For example, the locking elements 19 formed as electrical cal contact connections, which are the two body parts 13 . 14 electrically conductive interconnect. In this case, the locking elements 19 be designed as insulation displacement connections, which are made in particular as bending punched parts. The electrical contact connection is, for example, with further electrical contacts for receiving electrical components 18 connect, which can also be designed as insulation displacement connection.

Further, on the second part body 14 retaining lugs 21 molded into the corresponding receiving openings 22 in the first part of the body 13 are insertable to form a positive connection. These are, for example, the retaining lugs 21 arranged at four corners of an imaginary rectangle, in the sectional plane between the two sub-bodies 13 . 14 lies. The retaining lugs 21 make up together with the reception openings 22 a precisely fitting connection, which is independent of the electrical contact and / or the latching between the two partial bodies 13 . 14 , The retaining lugs 21 preferably extend in the circumferential direction of an axial sectional area of the shell-shaped part bodies 13 . 14 , wherein instead of the illustrated four retaining lugs 21 also a different number of retaining lugs 21 is feasible.

Out 4 becomes a possible assembly method for mounting the electric machine 1 clearly, wherein the step of assembling the brush holder 11 is shown. First, in an upstream step, the two partial bodies 13 . 14 equipped with all necessary components. Then the two part bodies 13 . 14 relative to each other in the radial direction relative to the machine shaft 4 moved towards each other, leaving the main body 12 directly in the electric machine 1 is completed by the two part bodies 13 . 14 , here by latching, be fixed together. When or before moving relative to each other, the part body 13 . 14 in the radial direction, the partial body 13 . 14 aligned relative to each other, that the latching extensions 19 in the corresponding locking recesses 20 can retract and the retaining lugs 21 into the receiving openings 22 can be included.

With the reference number 23 is called the radial mounting direction.

Claims (12)

Brush holder for an electrical machine, comprising a base body for supporting sliding contacts, characterized in that the basic body ( 12 ) of at least two partial bodies ( 13 . 14 ) is formed. Brush holder according to claim 1, characterized in that the part body ( 13 . 14 ) are formed as shells, which extend in the circumferential direction about a central passage opening ( 15 ) for a machine shaft ( 4 ). Brush holder according to claim 2, characterized in that the shells in total completely around the machine shaft ( 4 ) extend around. brush holder according to one of the claims 2 or 3, characterized in that the shells in each case over the same size Circumferential angle, preferably of 180 °, respectively. brush holder according to one of the claims 2 or 3, characterized in that the shells on different size Circumferential angle, preferably from 270 ° or 90 °, extend. Brush holder according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least two partial bodies ( 13 . 14 ) with different, preferably electrical, components ( 18 ) are equipped. Brush holder according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least two partial bodies ( 13 . 14 ) are positively and / or non-positively connected. Brush holder according to claim 7, characterized in that for the positive connection of the partial body ( 13 . 14 ), preferably designed as an electrical connection, locking means provided are. Brush holder according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that on at least one of the part body ( 13 . 14 ) at least one retaining lug ( 21 ) for insertion into a corresponding receiving opening ( 22 ) on the respective other partial body ( 13 . 14 ) is provided. Electric machine with a, preferably axially in front of a pole housing, arranged brush holder ( 11 ) according to any one of the preceding claims. Method for mounting an electric machine ( 1 ) according to claim 10, characterized in that the partial bodies ( 13 . 14 ) of the brush holder ( 11 ) in the radial direction with respect to a machine shaft ( 4 ), the machine shaft ( 4 ) in a passage opening ( 15 ) are joined together between them. Method according to claim 11, characterized in that the partial bodies ( 13 . 14 ), preferably before assembly with, preferably different, in particular electrical, components ( 18 ).