DE102009001469A1 - Improving utilization of productive potential of transgenic plant by controlling e.g. animal pest, and/or by improving plant health, comprises treating the transgenic plant with active agent composition comprising prothioconazole - Google Patents
Improving utilization of productive potential of transgenic plant by controlling e.g. animal pest, and/or by improving plant health, comprises treating the transgenic plant with active agent composition comprising prothioconazole Download PDFInfo
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- DE102009001469A1 DE102009001469A1 DE102009001469A DE102009001469A DE102009001469A1 DE 102009001469 A1 DE102009001469 A1 DE 102009001469A1 DE 102009001469 A DE102009001469 A DE 102009001469A DE 102009001469 A DE102009001469 A DE 102009001469A DE 102009001469 A1 DE102009001469 A1 DE 102009001469A1
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/64—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with three nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/647—Triazoles; Hydrogenated triazoles
- A01N43/653—1,2,4-Triazoles; Hydrogenated 1,2,4-triazoles
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Dentistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
- Breeding Of Plants And Reproduction By Means Of Culturing (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Einleitungintroduction
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Verbesserung der Nutzung des Produktionspotentials durch die Bekämpfung von Schädlingen und/oder phytopathogenen Pilzen und/oder Mikroorganismen und/oder die Verbesserung der Pflanzengesundheit dadurch, dass man transgene Pflanzen mit Chemikalien behandelt.The The invention relates to a method for improving the use of the Production potential by controlling pests and / or phytopathogenic fungi and / or microorganisms and / or the improvement of plant health by being transgenic Plants treated with chemicals.
Der Anteil transgener Pflanzen in der Landwirtschaft ist in den letzten Jahren deutlich gestiegen, wenn auch regionale Unterschiede derzeit noch erkennbar sind. So hat sich beispielsweise der Anteil an transgenem Mais in den USA seit 2001 von 26% auf 52% verdoppelt, während transgener Mais in Deutschland bisher kaum eine praktische Rolle gespielt hat. In anderen europäischen Ländern, beispielsweise in Spanien, liegt der Anteil an transgenem Mais aber bereits bei etwa 12%.Of the Proportion of transgenic plants in agriculture is in the last Years have risen significantly, although regional differences currently are still recognizable. For example, the proportion of transgenic corn has in the US since 2001 doubled from 26% to 52% while Transgenic maize has hardly played a practical role in Germany so far played. In other European countries, For example, in Spain, the proportion of transgenic corn but already at about 12%.
Transgene Pflanzen werden vor allem eingesetzt, um das Produktionspotential der jeweiligen Pflanzensorte bei möglichst geringem Einsatz von Produktionsmitteln möglichst günstig zu nutzen. Die genetische Veränderung der Pflanzen zielt dazu vor allem darauf ab, in den Pflanzen eine Resistenz gegen bestimmte Schädlinge oder Schadorganismen, phytopathogene Pilze und/oder Mikroorganismen oder aber auch Herbizide sowie gegen abiotischen Stress (beispielsweise Dürre, Hitze oder erhöhte Salzgehalte) zu erzeugen. Ebenso kann eine Pflanze genetisch modifiziert werden, um bestimmte Qualitäts- oder Produktmerkmale, wie z. B. den Gehalt an ausgewählten Vitaminen oder Ölen, zu erhöhen oder bestimmte Fasereigenschaften zu verbessern.transgenic Plants are mainly used to increase the production potential the respective plant variety with the least possible use to use as cheaply as possible of means of production. The genetic modification of plants aims to do so It is all about, in the plants, a resistance to certain pests or harmful organisms, phytopathogenic fungi and / or microorganisms or else herbicides and abiotic stress (for example Drought, heat or elevated salt levels). As well can a plant be genetically modified to produce certain quality or product features, such as B. the content of selected Vitamins or oils, increase or certain To improve fiber properties.
Eine Herbizidresistenz bzw. -toleranz kann beispielsweise durch den Einbau von Genen in die Nutzpflanze zur Expression von Enzymen zur Detoxifikation bestimmter Herbizide erreicht werden, so dass diese Pflanzen selbst in Gegenwart dieser Herbizide zur Bekämpfung von Unkräutern und Ungräsern möglichst ungehindert wachsen können. Als Beispiele seien Baumwoll-Sorten bzw. Mais-Sorten genannt, die den herbiziden Wirkstoff Glyphosate (Roundup®), (Roundup Ready®, Monsanto) oder die Herbizide Glufosinate (LibertyLink®) oder Oxynil tolerieren.A herbicide resistance or tolerance can be achieved for example by the incorporation of genes into the crop for the expression of enzymes for detoxification of certain herbicides, so that these plants can grow as unhindered as possible even in the presence of these herbicides for controlling weeds and grass weeds. Examples are cotton varieties or maize varieties (Roundup ®), (Roundup Ready ®, Monsanto) or the herbicides glufosinate (Liberty Link ®) or oxynil tolerate the herbicidal active ingredient glyphosate.
In jüngerer Zeit wurden zudem Nutzpflanzen entwickelt, die zwei oder mehrere genetische Veränderungen enthalten („stacked transgenic plants” oder mehrfach-transgene Kulturen). So hat beispielsweise die Firma Monsanto mehrfach-transgene Maissorten entwickelt, die gegen den Maiszünsler (Ostrinia nubilalis) und den Westlichen Maiswurzelbohrer (Diabrotica virgifera) resistent sind. Ebenso sind Mais- oder Baumwollkulturen bekannt, die sowohl gegen den Westlichen Maiswurzelbohrer bzw. den Baumwollkapselwurm resistent sind als auch das Herbizid Roundup® tolerieren.More recently, crops have been developed that contain two or more genetic alterations ("stacked transgenic plants" or multiple transgenic cultures). For example, Monsanto has developed multiple transgenic maize varieties that are resistant to the European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis) and western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera). Similarly, maize and cotton crops are known to be resistant to both western corn rootworm and the cotton bollworm and the herbicide Roundup ® tolerate.
Es hat sich nunmehr gezeigt, dass sich die Nutzung des Produktionspotentials transgener Nutzpflanzen noch weiter dadurch verbessern lässt, dass man Schädlinge und/oder phytopathogene Pilze und/oder Mikroorganismen bekämpft und/oder die Pflanzengesundheit erhöht, und zwar dadurch, dass man transgene Pflanzen mit Prothioconazole, mit der chemischen Bezeichnung 2-[(2RS)-2-(1-Chlorcyclopropyl)-3-(2-chlorphenyl)-2-hydroxypropyl]-2H-1,2,4-triazol-3(4H)-thion (IUPAC) mit der CAS Reg.-Nr. 178 928-70-6 und der Formel (I) behandelt.It has now been found that the use of the production potential of transgenic crops can be further improved by controlling pests and / or phytopathogenic fungi and / or microorganisms and / or increasing plant health by transgenic plants with prothioconazole with the chemical name 2 - [(2RS) -2- (1-chlorocyclopropyl) -3- (2-chlorophenyl) -2-hydroxypropyl] -2H-1,2,4-triazol-3 (4H) -thione ( IUPAC) with the CAS Reg. 178 928-70-6 and the formula (I) treated.
Prothioconazole existiert auch in seiner tautomeren Mercapto-Form: Prothioconazole also exists in its tautomeric mercapto form:
Dabei schließt der Begriff „Behandlung” alle Maßnahmen ein, die zu einem Kontakt zwischen diesem Wirkstoff und mindestens einem Pflanzenteil führen. Unter „Pflanzenteilen” sollen alle oberirdischen und unterirdischen Teile und Organe der Pflanzen, wie Spross, Blatt, Blüte und Wurzel verstanden werden, wobei beispielhaft Blätter, Nadeln, Stängel, Stämme, Blüten, Fruchtkörper, Früchte und Saatgut sowie Wurzeln, Knollen und Rhizome aufgeführt werden. Zu den Pflanzenteilen gehört auch Erntegut sowie vegetatives und generatives Vermehrungsmaterial, beispielsweise Stecklinge, Knollen, Rhizome, Ableger und Saatgut.there the term "treatment" includes all Actions leading to contact between this active substance and at least one part of the plant. Under "plant parts" should all aboveground and underground parts and organs of plants, like sprout, leaf, flower and root are understood, exemplified leaves, needles, stems, stems, Flowers, fruiting bodies, fruits and seeds as well as roots, tubers and rhizomes. To The plant parts also include crops and vegetative and generative propagating material, such as cuttings, Tubers, rhizomes, cuttings and seeds.
Erfindungsgemäß steht der Ausdruck „pathogen” für alle Organismen, die Schäden an Pflanzen oder einem beliebigen Pflanzenteil verursachen.According to the invention the term "pathogenic" for all organisms, the damage to plants or any plant part cause.
Erfindungsgemäß umfasst der Ausdruck „pestizid” alle chemischen Agenzien mit fungizider und/oder insektizider und/oder herbizider und/oder acarizider und/oder bakterizider und/oder antiviraler und/oder nematizider Aktivität, insbesondere chemische Agenzien mit fungizider und/oder insektizider und/oder nematizider und/oder acarizider Aktivität.According to the invention the term "pesticide" means all chemical agents with fungicidal and / or insecticidal and / or herbicidal and / or acaricidal and / or bactericidal and / or antiviral and / or nematicidal Activity, in particular chemical agents with fungicidal and / or insecticidal and / or nematicidal and / or acaricidal activity.
Erfindungsgemäß umfasst der Ausdruck „Pestizid” Fungizide und/oder Insektizide und/oder Herbizide und/oder Akarizide und/oder Bakterizide und/oder antivirale Agenzien und/oder Nematizide, insbesondere Fungizide und/oder Insektizide und/oder Nematizide und/oder Akarizide.According to the invention the term "pesticide" fungicides and / or insecticides and / or herbicides and / or acaricides and / or bactericides and / or antiviral agents and / or nematicides, especially fungicides and / or insecticides and / or nematicides and / or acaricides.
Erfindungsgemäß steht der Ausdruck „Schädlinge” für alle Aschelminthes- und Panarthropoda-Organismen, die Schäden an Pflanzen oder einem beliebigen Pflanzenteil verursachen. Beispiele sind Nematoda, Arthopoda, Hexapoda und Arachnida.According to the invention the term "pests" for all Aschelminthes and Panarthropoda organisms causing damage on plants or any part of plants. Examples are Nematoda, Arthopoda, Hexapoda and Arachnida.
Erfindungsgemäß steht der Ausdruck „Insektizid” für die Aktivität einer Verbindung bei der Bekämpfung von unerwünschten Insekten, Acari oder Nematoden, oder bei der Verringerung des Schadens von Pflanzen oder Pflanzenteilen durch Schädlinge.According to the invention the term "insecticide" for the activity a compound in combating unwanted Insects, acari or nematodes, or in reducing the damage of plants or parts of plants by pests.
Erfindungsgemäß steht der Ausdruck „Pilze” für alle pilzlichen Organismen und Chromista-Organismen. Erfindungsgemäß steht der Ausdruck „phytopathogene Pilze” für alle pilzlichen Organismen und Chromista-Organismen, die Schäden an Pflanzen oder einem beliebigen Pflanzenteil verursachen. Beispiele für pilzliche taxonomische Gruppen sind Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, Chytridiomycota, Deuteromycota, Glomeromycota, Microsporidia, Zygomycota, sowie anamorphe Pilze. Beispiele für Chromista sind Oomycota.According to the invention the term "mushrooms" for all fungal Organisms and Chromista organisms. According to the invention the term "phytopathogenic fungi" for all fungal organisms and Chromista organisms that cause damage on plants or any part of plants. Examples for fungal taxonomic groups are Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, Chytridiomycota, Deuteromycota, Glomeromycota, Microsporidia, Zygomycota, as well as anamorphic mushrooms. Examples of Chromista are Oomycota.
Erfindungsgemäß steht der Ausdruck „Mikroorganismen” für alle bakteriellen Organismen und Protozoa-Organismen. Beispiele sind Plasmodiophoromycetes.According to the invention the term "microorganisms" for all bacterial organisms and protozoan organisms. examples are Plasmodiophoromycetes.
Erfindungsgemäß steht der Ausdruck „Viren” für alle Viren, die Schäden an Pflanzen oder einem beliebigen Pflanzenteil verursachen. Beispiele sind DNA-Viren, RNA-Viren und DNA und RNA reverstranskribierende Viren sowie subvirale Agenzien.According to the invention the term "viruses" for all viruses, the damage to plants or any plant part cause. Examples are DNA viruses, RNA viruses and DNA and RNA reverse transcribing viruses and subviral agents.
Erfindungsgemäß können alle Pflanzen und Pflanzenteile behandelt werden. Unter Pflanzen versteht man alle Pflanzen und Pflanzenpopulationen wie erwünschte und unerwünschte wilde Pflanzen, Sorten und Pflanzenvarietäten (egal, ob diese durch Pflanzensortenschutzrechte oder Pflanzenzüchterrecht geschützt werden können oder nicht). Sorten und Pflanzenvarietäten können Pflanzen sein, die mit traditionellen Vermehrungs- und Züchtungsmethoden erhalten werden, welche durch eine oder mehrere biotechnologische Methoden, wie z. B. die Verwendung von Doppelhaploiden, Protoplastenfusion, zufälliger und gerichteter Mutagenese, molekularen oder genetischen Markern, oder durch Bioengineering-Methoden und gentechnische Methoden oder markerunterstützte Züchtungsmethoden, z. B. SMART-Züchtung (”Selection with Markers and Advanced Reproductive Technologies”) unterstützt oder ergänzt werden können. Unter Pflanzenteilen versteht man alle oberirdischen und unterirdischen Teile und Organe der Pflanzen wie Spross, Blatt, Blüte und Wurzel, wobei beispielhaft Blätter, Nadeln, Stängel, Stämme, Blüten, Fruchtkörper, Früchte und Saatgut sowie Wurzeln, Knollen und Rhizome aufgeführt werden. Erntegut und vegetatives und generatives Vermehrungsmaterial, z. B. Stecklinge, Knollen, Rhizome, Ableger und Saatgut, zählen ebenfalls zu den Pflanzenteilen.According to the invention all plants and parts of plants are treated. Under plants one understands all plants and plant populations as desired and unwanted wild plants, varieties and plant varieties (regardless of whether they are protected by plant variety rights or plant breeders' rights can be protected or not). Varieties and Plant varieties can be plants that come with traditional propagation and breeding methods obtained by one or more biotechnological methods, such as B. the use of double haploids, protoplast fusion, random and directed mutagenesis, molecular or genetic markers, or by bioengineering methods and genetic engineering methods or marker-assisted breeding methods, e.g. B. SMART breeding ("Selection with Markers and Advanced Reproductive Technologies ") supported or supplemented can be. Under plant parts means all above ground and subterranean parts and organs of plants such as shoot, leaf, Flower and root, exemplified by leaves, Needles, stems, stems, flowers, fruiting bodies, Fruits and seeds as well as roots, tubers and rhizomes be listed. Crop and vegetative and generative Propagating material, eg. B. cuttings, tubers, rhizomes, offshoots and seeds, are also part of the plant.
Unter den Pflanzen, die nach dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren geschützt werden können, sind zu nennen: Hauptfeldfruchtarten wie Mais, Sojabohne, Baumwolle, Brassica-Ölsaaten wie Brassica napus (z. B. Canola), Brassica rapa, B. juncea (z. B. Senf) und Brassica carinata, Reis, Weizen, Zuckerrübe, Zuckerrohr, Hafer, Roggen, Gerste, Hirse, Triticale, Flax, Wein und verschiedene Früchte und Gemüse aus verschiedenen botanischen Taxa wie Rosaceae sp. (z. B. Kernobst wie Apfel und Birnen, jedoch auch Steinobst wie Aprikosen, Kirschen, Mandeln und Pfirsiche, Beerenfrüchte wie Erdbeeren), Ribesioidae sp., Juglandaceae sp., Betulaceae sp., Anacardiaceae sp., Fagaceae sp., Moraceae sp., Oleaceae sp., Actinidaceae sp., Lauraceae sp., Musaceae sp. (z. B. Bananenbäume und -plantagen), Rubiaceae sp. (z. B. Kaffee), Theaceae sp., Sterculiceae sp., Rutaceae sp. (z. B. Zitronen, Orangen und Grapefruit); Solanaceae sp. (z. B. Tomaten, Kartoffeln, Paprika, Aubergine), Liliaceae sp., Compositiae sp. (z. B. Salat, Artischocke und Cichorum – darunter Wurzelcichorie, Endivie oder gemeine Wegwarte), Umbelliferae sp. (z. B. Karotte, Petersilie, Stauden- und Wurzelsellerie), Cucurbitaceae sp. (z. B. Gurke – darunter Einlegegurke, Sommerkürbis, Wassermelone, Kürbisse und Melonen), Alliaceae sp. (z. B. Zwiebel und Lauch), Cruciferae sp. (z. B. Weißkohl, Rotkohl, Brokkoli, Blumenkohl, Rosenkohl, Pakchoi, Kohlrabi, Radieschen/Rettich, Meerrettich, Kresse, Chinakohl), Leguminosae sp. (z. B. Erdnüsse, Erbsen und Bohnen – wie Stangenbohnen und dicke Bohnen), Chenopodiaceae sp. (z. B. Runkelrübe, Mangold, Spinat, rote Rübe), Malvaceae (z. B. Okra), Asparagaceae (z. B. Spargel); gartenbauliche Kulturen und Forstkulturen; Zierpflanzen; sowie genetisch modifizierte Homologe dieser Kulturpflanzen.Among the plants which can be protected by the process of the invention are: main crops such as corn, soybean, cotton, Brassica oilseeds such as Brassica napus (eg canola), Brassica rapa, B. juncea (e.g. Mustard) and Brassica carinata, rice, wheat, sugarbeet, sugar cane, oats, rye, barley, millet, triticale, flax, wine and various fruits and vegetables from various botanical taxa such as Rosaceae sp. (eg pome fruit such as apple and pear, but also stone fruits such as apricots, cherries, almonds and peaches, soft fruits such as strawberries), Ribesioidae sp., Juglandaceae sp., Be tulaceae sp., Anacardiaceae sp., Fagaceae sp., Moraceae sp., Oleaceae sp., Actinidaceae sp., Lauraceae sp., Musaceae sp. (eg banana trees and plantations), Rubiaceae sp. (e.g., coffee), Theaceae sp., Sterculiceae sp., Rutaceae sp. (eg lemons, oranges and grapefruit); Solanaceae sp. (eg, tomatoes, potatoes, peppers, eggplant), Liliaceae sp., Compositiae sp. (eg salad, artichoke and cichorum - including root chicory, endive or common chicory), Umbelliferae sp. (eg carrot, parsley, perennial and root celery), Cucurbitaceae sp. (eg cucumber - including pickled cucumber, summer squash, watermelon, pumpkins and melons), Alliaceae sp. (eg onion and leek), Cruciferae sp. (eg white cabbage, red cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower, brussels sprouts, pakchoi, kohlrabi, radish / radish, horseradish, cress, Chinese cabbage), Leguminosae sp. (eg peanuts, peas and beans - such as runner beans and broad beans), Chenopodiaceae sp. (eg turnips, chard, spinach, beetroot), Malvaceae (eg okra), asparagaceae (eg asparagus); horticultural crops and forest crops; ornamental plants; and genetically modified homologs of these crops.
Das erfindungsgemäße Behandlungsverfahren kann bei der Behandlung von genetisch modifizierten Organismen (GMOs), z. B. Pflanzen oder Samen, verwendet werden. Bei genetisch modifizierten Pflanzen (oder transgenen Pflanzen) handelt es sich um Pflanzen, bei denen ein heterologes Gen stabil in das Genom eingebaut wurde. Der Ausdruck „heterologes Gen” bedeutet im wesentlichen ein Gen, das außerhalb der Pflanze bereitgestellt oder assembliert wird und das, wenn es in das Zellkerngenom, das Chloroplastengenom oder das Mitochondriengenom eingeführt wird, der transformierten Pflanze neue oder verbesserte agronomische oder sonstige Merkmale verleiht, und zwar dadurch, dass es ein Protein oder Polypeptid von Interesse exprimiert oder dass es ein anderes Gen, das in der Pflanze vorliegt, bzw. andere Gene, die in der Pflanze vorliegen, herunterreguliert oder abschaltet (z. B. mittels Antisense-Technologie, Cosuppressionstechnologie oder RNA-Interferenz-Technologie (RNAi-Technologie)). Ein heterologes Gen, das sich in dem Genom befindet, wird auch als Transgen bezeichnet. Ein Transgen, das durch seine bestimmte Lage in dem Pflanzengenom definiert ist, wird Transformations-Event oder transgenes Event genannt.The Treatment method according to the invention can in the treatment of genetically modified organisms (GMOs), eg. As plants or seeds are used. In genetically modified Plants (or transgenic plants) are plants, where a heterologous gene was stably incorporated into the genome. The term "heterologous gene" essentially means a gene that is provided outside the plant or and when it is in the nuclear genome, the chloroplast genome or the mitochondrial genome is introduced, which transformed Plant new or improved agronomic or other characteristics conferred by being a protein or polypeptide expressing interest or that there is another gene in the Plant, or other genes present in the plant, down or shut down (eg, by antisense technology, Cosuppression technology or RNA interference technology (RNAi technology)). A heterologous gene located in the genome is also known as Transgenic called. A transgene due to its specific location is defined in the plant genome, transformation event or called transgenic event.
In Abhängigkeit von den Pflanzenarten oder Pflanzensorten, ihrem Standort und ihren Wachstumsbedingungen (Böden, Klima, Vegetationsperiode, Ernährung) kann die erfindungsgemäße Behandlung auch zu überadditiven („synergistischen”) Effekten führen: So sind z. B. die folgenden Effekte möglich, die über die eigentlich zu erwartenden Effekte hinausgehen: verringerte Aufwandmengen und/oder erweitertes Wirkungsspektrum und/oder erhöhte Wirksamkeit der Wirkstoffe und Zusammensetzungen, die erfindungsgemäß eingesetzt werden können, besseres Pflanzenwachstum, erhöhte Toleranz gegenüber hohen oder niedrigen Temperaturen, erhöhte Toleranz gegenüber Trockenheit oder Wasser- oder Bodensalzgehalt, erhöhte Blühleistung, Ernteerleichterung, Reifebeschleunigung, höhere Erträge, größere Früchte, größere Pflanzenhöhe, intensivere grüne Farbe des Blatts, frühere Blüte, höhere Qualität und/oder höherer Nährwert der Ernteprodukte, höhere Zuckerkonzentration in den Früchten, bessere Lagerfähigkeit und/oder Verarbeitbarkeit der Ernteprodukte.In Dependence on plant species or plant varieties, their location and their growing conditions (soils, climate, Growing season, diet), the inventive Treatment also to over-additive ("synergistic") Effects cause: So z. For example, the following effects are possible which go beyond the expected effects: reduced application rates and / or extended spectrum of action and / or increased efficacy of the active ingredients and compositions, which can be used according to the invention, better plant growth, increased tolerance high or low temperatures, increased tolerance Dryness or water or soil salt content, increased Flowering power, crop relief, maturing, higher Yields, bigger fruits, bigger ones Plant height, more intense green color of the leaf, earlier flowering, higher quality and / or higher nutritional value of the harvested products, higher Sugar concentration in fruits, better shelf life and / or processability of the harvested products.
In gewissen Aufwandmengen können die erfindungsgemäßen Wirkstoffkombinationen auch eine stärkende Wirkung auf Pflanzen ausüben. Sie eignen sich daher für die Mobilisierung des pflanzlichen Abwehrsystems gegen Angriff durch unerwünschte Mikroorganismen. Dies kann gegebenenfalls einer der Gründe für die erhöhte Wirksamkeit der erfindungsgemäßen Kombinationen sein, z. B. gegen Pilze. Pflanzenstärkende (resistenzinduzierende) Substanzen sollen im vorliegenden Zusammenhang auch solche Substanzen oder Substanzkombinationen bedeuten, die fähig sind, das pflanzliche Abwehrsystem so zu stimulieren, dass die behandelten Pflanzen, wenn sie im Anschluss daran mit unerwünschten Mikroorganismen inokuliert werden, einen beträchtlichen Resistenzgrad gegen diese Mikroorganismen aufweisen. Im vorliegenden Fall versteht man unter unerwünschten Mikroorganismen phytopathogene Pilze, Bakterien und Viren. Die erfindungsgemäßen Substanzen lassen sich daher zum Schutz von Pflanzen gegen Angriff durch die oben erwähnten Pathogene innerhalb eines gewissen Zeitraums nach der Behandlung einsetzen. Der Zeitraum, über den eine Schutzwirkung erzielt wird, erstreckt sich im Allgemeinen von 1 bis 10 Tagen, vorzugsweise 1 bis 7 Tagen, nach der Behandlung der Pflanzen mit den Wirkstoffen.In certain application rates, the inventive Drug combinations also have a tonic effect Exercise plants. They are therefore suitable for the Mobilization of the plant defense system against attack by unwanted microorganisms. This may if necessary one of the reasons for the increased effectiveness the combinations of the invention, for. B. against mushrooms. Plant-strengthening (resistance-inducing) Substances should in the present context also such substances or substance combinations that are capable of that plant defense system to stimulate the treated Plants, if they are subsequently unwanted Microorganisms are inoculated, a considerable Have a degree of resistance to these microorganisms. In the present Case is understood to be phytopathogenic under undesirable microorganisms Fungi, bacteria and viruses. The invention Substances can therefore be used to protect plants against attack by the pathogens mentioned above within a certain Period after treatment. The period over A protective effect generally extends from 1 to 10 days, preferably 1 to 7 days, after the treatment of the plants with the active ingredients.
Zu Pflanzen und Pflanzensorten, die vorzugsweise erfindungsgemäß behandelt werden, zählen alle Pflanzen, die über Erbgut verfügen, das diesen Pflanzen besonders vorteilhafte, nützliche Merkmale verleiht (egal, ob dies durch Züchtung und/oder Biotechnologie erzielt wurde).To Plants and plant varieties, preferably treated according to the invention Be, count all plants that have genetic material which is particularly advantageous, useful to these plants Characteristics (whether by breeding and / or Biotechnology was achieved).
Pflanzen und Pflanzensorten, die ebenfalls vorzugsweise erfindungsgemäß behandelt werden, sind gegen einen oder mehrere biotische Stressfaktoren resistent, d. h. diese Pflanzen weisen eine verbesserte Abwehr gegen tierische und mikrobielle Schädlinge wie Nematoden, Insekten, Milben, phytopathogene Pilze, Bakterien, Viren und/oder Viroide auf.plants and plant varieties, which are also preferably treated according to the invention are resistant to one or more biotic stressors, d. H. These plants have an improved defense against animal and microbial pests such as nematodes, insects, mites, phytopathogenic fungi, bacteria, viruses and / or viroids.
Pflanzen und Pflanzensorten, die ebenfalls erfindungsgemäß behandelt werden können, sind solche Pflanzen, die gegen einen oder mehrere abiotische Stressfaktoren resistent sind. Zu den abiotischen Stressbedingungen können z. B. Dürre, Kälte- und Hitzebedingungen, osmotischer Stress, Staunässe, erhöhter Bodensalzgehalt, erhöhtes Ausgesetztsein an Mineralien, Ozonbedingungen, Starklichtbedingungen, beschränkte Verfügbarkeit von Stickstoffnährstoffen, beschränkte Verfügbarkeit von Phosphornährstoffen oder Vermeidung von Schatten zählen.plants and plant varieties which are also treated according to the invention are those plants that are against one or more several abiotic stress factors are resistant. To the abiotic Stress conditions can z. Drought, cold and heat conditions, osmotic stress, waterlogging, elevated Soil salt content, increased exposure to minerals, Ozone conditions, high light conditions, limited availability of nitrogen nutrients, limited availability of phosphorus nutrients or avoiding shadows.
Pflanzen und Pflanzensorten, die ebenfalls erfindungsgemäß behandelt werden können, sind solche Pflanzen, die durch erhöhte Ertragseigenschaften gekennzeichnet sind. Ein erhöhter Ertrag kann bei diesen Pflanzen z. B. auf verbesserter Pflanzenphysiologie, verbessertem Pflanzenwuchs und verbesserter Pflanzenentwicklung, wie Wasserverwertungseffizienz, Wasserhalteeffizienz, verbesserter Stickstoffverwertung, erhöhter Kohlenstoffassimilation, verbesserter Photosynthese, verstärkter Keimkraft und beschleunigter Abreife beruhen. Der Ertrag kann weiterhin durch eine verbesserte Pflanzenarchitektur (unter Stress und Nicht-Stress-Bedingungen) beeinflusst werden, darunter frühe Blüte, Kontrolle der Blüte für die Produktion von Hybridsaatgut, Keimpflanzenwüchsigkeit, Pflanzengröße, Internodienzahl und -abstand, Wurzelwachstum, Samengröße, Fruchtgröße, Schotengröße, Schoten- oder Ährenzahl, Anzahl der Samen pro Schote oder Ähre, Samenmasse, verstärkte Samenfüllung, verringerter Samenausfall, verringertes Schotenplatzen sowie Standfestigkeit. Zu weiteren Ertragsmerkmalen zählen Samenzusammensetzung wie Kohlenhydratgehalt, Proteingehalt, Ölgehalt und Ölzusammensetzung, Nährwert, Verringerung der nährwidrigen Verbindungen, verbesserte Verarbeitbarkeit und verbesserte Lagerfähigkeit.plants and plant varieties which are also treated according to the invention are those plants that are raised by Yield characteristics are marked. An elevated one Yield can be in these plants z. B. on improved plant physiology, improved plant growth and improved plant development, such as water utilization efficiency, water retention efficiency, improved nitrogen utilization, increased carbon assimilation, improved photosynthesis, based on increased germination power and accelerated Abreife. The yield can continue through an improved plant architecture (under stress and non-stress conditions), including early flowering, control of flowering for the production of hybrid seed, seedling vigor, Plant size, internode number and distance, root growth, seed size, Fruit size, pod size, pods or ear number, number of seeds per pod or ear, Seed mass, increased seed filling, reduced Seed failure, reduced pod popping and stability. Other yield-related traits include seed composition such as carbohydrate content, protein content, oil content and oil composition, Nutritional value, reduction of nontoxic compounds, improved Workability and improved shelf life.
Beispiele für Pflanzen mit den obengenannten Merkmalen sind in Tabelle A und Tabelle B aufgelistet, die jedoch nicht allumfassend ist.Examples for plants with the above-mentioned characteristics are shown in Table A and Table B, but not all-inclusive.
Pflanzen,
die erfindungsgemäß behandelt werden können,
sind Hybridpflanzen, die bereits die Eigenschaften der Heterosis
bzw. des Hybrideffekts exprimieren, was im allgemeinen zu höherem
Ertrag, höherer Wüchsigkeit, besserer Gesundheit
und besserer Resistenz gegen biotische und abiotische Stressfaktoren führt.
Solche Pflanzen werden typischerweise dadurch erzeugt, dass man
eine ingezüchtete pollensterile Elternlinie (den weiblichen
Kreuzungspartner) mit einer anderen ingezüchteten pollenfertilen
Elternlinie (dem männlichen Kreuzungspartner) kreuzt. Das
Hybridsaatgut wird typischerweise von den pollensterilen Pflanzen geerntet
und an Vermehrer verkauft. Pollensterile Pflanzen können
manchmal (z. B. beim Mais) durch Entfahnen, d. h. mechanisches Entfernen
der männlichen Geschlechtsorgane (bzw. der männlichen
Blüten), produziert werden; es ist jedoch üblicher,
dass die Pollensterilität auf genetischen Determinanten
im Pflanzengenom beruht. In diesem Fall, insbesondere dann, wenn
es sich bei dem gewünschten Produkt, das man von den Hybridpflanzen
ernten will, um die Samen handelt, ist es üblicherweise
günstig, sicherzustellen, dass die Pollenfertilität
in Hybridpflanzen völlig restoriert wird. Dies kann erreicht
werden, indem sichergestellt wird, dass die männlichen
Kreuzungspartner entsprechende Fertilitätsrestorergene
besitzen, die in der Lage sind, die Pollenfertilität in
Hybridpflanzen, die die genetischen Determinanten, die für
die Pollensterilität verantwortlich sind, enthalten, zu
restorieren. Genetische Determinanten für Pollensterilität
können im Cytoplasma lokalisiert sein. Beispiele für
cytoplasmatische Pollensterilität (cytoplasmic male sterility
= CMS) wurden z. B. für Brassica-Arten beschrieben (
Pflanzen oder Pflanzensorten (die mit Methoden der Pflanzenbiotechnologie, wie der Gentechnik, erhalten werden), die erfindungsgemäß behandelt werden können, sind herbizidtolerante Pflanzen, d. h. Pflanzen, die gegenüber einem oder mehreren vorgegebenen Herbiziden tolerant gemacht worden sind. Solche Pflanzen können entweder durch genetische Transformation oder durch Selektion von Pflanzen, die eine Mutation enthalten, die solch eine Herbizidtoleranz verleiht, erhalten werden.plants or plant varieties (using plant biotechnology methods, as the genetic engineering obtained), which treated according to the invention are herbicide-tolerant plants, d. H. Plants, against one or more given herbicides have been made tolerant. Such plants can either by genetic transformation or by selection of plants, containing a mutation conferring such herbicide tolerance, to be obtained.
Herbizid-resistente
Pflanzen sind z. B. Glyphosate-tolerante Pflanzen, d. h. Pflanzen,
die gegenüber dem Herbizid Glyphosate oder dessen Salzen
tolerant gemacht worden sind. Pflanzen können auf verschiedene
Weisen Glyphosate-tolerant gemacht werden. So können z.
B. Glyphosate-tolerante Pflanzen durch Transformation der Pflanze
mit einem Gen, das für das Enzym 5-Enolpyruvylshikimat-3-phosphatsynthase (EPSPS)
kodiert, erhalten werden. Beispiele für solche EPSPS-Gene
sind das AroA-Gen (Mutante CT7) des Bakterium Salmonella lyphimurium
(
Sonstige
Herbizid-resistente Pflanzen sind z. B. Pflanzen, die gegenüber
Herbiziden, die das Enzym Glutamin-Synthase hemmen, wie Bialaphos,
Phosphinothricin oder Glufosinate, tolerant gemacht worden sind. Solche
Pflanzen können dadurch erhalten werden, dass man ein Enzym
exprimiert, das das Herbizid oder eine Mutante des Enzyms Glutamin-Synthase,
das gegenüber Hemmung resistent ist, entgiftet. Solch ein
wirksames entgiftendes Enzym ist z. B. ein Enzym, das für
eine Phosphinothricinacetyltransferase kodiert (wie z. B. das bar-
oder pat-Protein aus Streptomyces-Arten). Pflanzen, die eine exogene
Phosphinothricinacetyltransferase exprimieren, sind z. B. in den
Weitere
Herbizid-tolerante Pflanzen sind auch Pflanzen, die gegenüber
den Herbiziden, die das Enzym Hydroxyphenylpyruvatdioxygenase (HPPD)
hemmen, tolerant gemacht worden sind. Bei den Hydroxyphenylpyruvatdioxygenasen
handelt es sich um Enzyme, die die Reaktion, in der para-Hydroxyphenylpyruvat (HPP)
zu Homogentisat umgesetzt wird, katalysieren. Pflanzen, die gegenüber
HPPD-Hemmern tolerant sind, können mit einem Gen, das für
ein natürlich vorkommendes resistentes HPPD-Enzym kodiert,
oder einem Gen, das für ein mutiertes HPPD-Enzym gemäß
Noch
weitere Herbizid-resistente Pflanzen sind Pflanzen, die gegenüber
Acetolactatsynthase (ALS)-Hemmern tolerant gemacht worden sind.
Zu bekannten ALS-Hemmern zählen z. B. Sulfonylharnstoff, Imidazolinon,
Triazolopyrimidine, Pyrimidinyloxy(thio)benzoate und/oder Sulfonylaminocarbonyltriazolinon-Herbizide.
Es ist bekannt, dass verschiedene Mutationen im Enzym ALS (auch
als Acetohydroxysäure-Synthase, AHAS, bekannt) eine Toleranz
gegenüber unterschiedlichen Herbiziden bzw. Gruppen von
Herbiziden verleihen, wie dies z. B. bei
Weitere
Pflanzen, die gegenüber Imidazolinon und/oder Sulfonylharnstoff
tolerant sind, können durch induzierte Mutagenese, Selektion
in Zellkulturen in Gegenwart des Herbizids oder durch Mutationszüchtung erhalten
werden, wie dies z. B. für die Sojabohne in dem
Pflanzen oder Pflanzensorten (die nach Methoden der pflanzlichen Biotechnologie, wie der Gentechnik, erhalten wurden), die ebenfalls erfindungsgemäß behandelt werden können, sind insektenresistente transgene Pflanzen, d. h. Pflanzen, die gegen Befall mit gewissen Zielinsekten resistent gemacht wurden. Solche Pflanzen können durch genetische Transformation oder durch Selektion von Pflanzen, die eine Mutation enthalten, die solch eine Insektenresistenz verleiht, erhalten werden.Plants or plant varieties (obtained by plant biotechnology methods such as genetic engineering) which can also be treated according to the invention are insect-resistant transgenic plants, ie plants which have been made resistant to attack by certain target insects. Such plants can be by genetic transformation or by selection of plants that ent ent mutation keep giving such insect resistance.
Der Begriff „Insekten-resistente transgene Pflanze” umfasst im vorliegenden Zusammenhang jegliche Pflanze, die mindestens ein Transgen enthält, das eine Kodiersequenz umfasst, die für Folgendes kodiert:
- 1) ein insektizides Kristallprotein
aus Bacillus thuringiensis oder einen insektiziden Teil davon, wie
die insektiziden Kristallproteine, die von
zusammengestellt und vonCrickmore et al. (Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews 1998, 62, 807-813) in der Bacillus thuringiensis-Toxinnomenklatur aktualisiert wurden, online unter:Crickmore et al. 2005 ), oder insektizide Teile davon, z. B. Proteine der Cry-Proteinklassen Cry1Ab, Cry1Ac, Cry1B, Cry1C, Cry1D, Cry1F, Cry2Ab, Cry3Aa oder Cry3Bb oder insektizide Teile davon (z. B.http://www.lifesci.sussex.ac.uk/Home/Neil_Crickmore/Bt/ undEP-A 1 999 141 ); oderWO 2007/107302 - 2) ein Kristallprotein aus Bacillus thuringiensis oder einen
Teil davon, der in Gegenwart eines zweiten, anderen Kristallproteins
als Bacillus thuringiensis oder eines Teils davon insektizid wirkt,
wie das binäre Toxin, das aus den Kristallproteinen Cry34
und Cry35 (
;Moellenbeck et al., Nat. Biotechnol. 2001, 19, 668-72 ) besteht, oder das binäre Toxin, das aus dem Cry1A- oder Cry1F-Protein und dem Cry2Aa- oder Cry2Ab- oder Cry2Ae-Protein besteht (US-Patentanmeldung Nr. 12/214,022 undSchnepf et al., Applied Environm. Microbiol. 2006, 71, 1765-1774 ) besteht; oderEP-Anmeldung Nr. 08010791.5 - 3) ein insektizides Hybridprotein, das Teile von zwei unterschiedlichen
insektiziden Kristallproteinen aus Bacillus thuringiensis umfasst,
wie z. B. ein Hybrid aus den Proteinen von 1) oben oder ein Hybrid
aus den Proteinen von 2) oben, z. B. das Protein Cry1A.105, das
von dem Mais-Event MON89034 produziert wird (
); oderWO 2007/027777 - 4) ein Protein gemäß einem der Punkte 1) bis 3) oben, wobei einige, insbesondere 1 bis 10, Aminosäuren durch eine andere Aminosäure ersetzt wurden, um eine höhere insektizide Wirksamkeit gegenüber einer Zielinsektenart zu erzielen und/oder um das Spektrum der betroffenen Zielinsektenarten zu erweitern und/oder wegen Veränderungen, die in die Kodier-DNA während der Klonierung oder Transformation induziert wurden, wie das Protein Cry3Bb1 in Mais-Events MON863 oder MON88017 oder das Protein Cry3A im Mais-Event MIR604; oder
- 5) ein insektizides sezerniertes Protein aus Bacillus thuringiensis
oder Bacillus cereus oder einen insektiziden Teil davon, wie die
vegetativ wirkenden insektiziden Proteine (vegetative insecticidal
Proteins, VIP), die unter
angeführt sind, z. B. Proteine der Proteinklasse VIP3Aa; oderhttp://www.lifesci.sussex.ac.uk/Home/Neil_Crickmore/Bt/vip.html - 6) ein sezerniertes Protein aus Bacillus thuringiensis oder
Bacillus cereus, das in Gegenwart eines zweiten sezernierten Proteins
aus Bacillus thuringiensis oder B. cereus insektizid wirkt, wie
das binäre Toxin, das aus den Proteinen VIP1A und VIP2A
besteht (
) oderWO 94/21795 - 7) ein insektizides Hybridprotein, das Teile von verschiedenen sezernierten Proteinen von Bacillus thuringiensis oder Bacillus cereus umfasst, wie ein Hybrid der Proteine von 1) oder ein Hybrid der Proteine von 2) oben; oder
- 8) ein Protein gemäß einem der Punkte 5) bis 7) oben, in dem einige, insbesondere 1 bis 10, Aminosäuren durch eine andere Aminosäure ersetzt wurden, um eine höhere insektizide Wirksamkeit gegenüber einer Zielinsektenart zu erzielen und/oder um das Spektrum der betroffenen Zielinsektenart zu erweitern und/oder wegen Veränderungen, die in die Kodier-DNA während der Klonierung oder Transformation eingeführt wurden (wobei die Kodierung für ein insektizides Protein erhalten bleibt), wie das Protein VIP3Aa im Baumwoll-Event COT 102; oder
- 9) ein sezerniertes Protein aus Bacillus thuringiensis oder
Bacillus cereus, das in Gegenwart eines Kristallproteins aus Bacillus
thuringiensis insektizid wirkt, wie das binäre Toxin, das
aus VIP3 und Cry1A oder Cry1F besteht (US-Patentanmeldungen Nr.
61/126083 und 61/195019), oder das binäre Toxin, das aus dem
Protein VIP3 und den Proteinen Cry2Aa oder Cry2Ab oder Cry2Ae besteht
(US-Patentanmeldung Nr. 12/214,022 und
); oderEP-Anmeldung Nr. 08010791.5 - 10) ein Protein gemäß 9) oben, in dem einige, insbesondere 1 bis 10, Aminosäuren durch eine andere Aminosäure ersetzt wurden, um eine höhere insektizide Wirksamkeit gegenüber einer Zielinsektenart zu erzielen, und/oder um das Spektrum der betroffenen Zielinsektenart zu erweitern, und/oder wegen Veränderungen, die in die Kodier-DNA während der Klonierung oder Transformation eingeführt wurden (wobei die Codierung für eine insektizides Protein erhalten bleibt).
- 1) an insecticidal crystal protein from Bacillus thuringiensis or an insecticidal part thereof, such as the insecticidal crystal proteins derived from
compiled and fromCrickmore et al. (Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews 1998, 62, 807-813) updated in the Bacillus thuringiensis toxin nomenclature, online at:Crickmore et al. 2005 ), or insecticidal parts thereof, e.g. Proteins of the cry protein classes Cry1Ab, Cry1Ac, Cry1B, Cry1C, Cry1D, Cry1F, Cry2Ab, Cry3Aa or Cry3Bb or insecticidal portions thereof (e.g.http://www.lifesci.sussex.ac.uk/Home/Neil_Crickmore/Bt/ andEP-A 1 999 141 ); orWO 2007/107302 - 2) a Bacillus thuringiensis crystal protein or a part thereof which is insecticidal in the presence of a second, other crystal protein than Bacillus thuringiensis or a part thereof, such as the binary toxin selected from the crystal proteins Cry34 and Cry35 (
;Moellenbeck et al., Nat. Biotechnol. 2001, 19, 668-72 ), or the binary toxin consisting of the Cry1A or Cry1F protein and the Cry2Aa or Cry2Ab or Cry2Ae protein (U.S. Patent Application Nos. 12 / 214,022 and 5,686,022)Schnepf et al., Applied Environm. Microbiol. 2006, 71, 1765-1774 ) consists; orEP Application No. 08010791.5 - 3) an insecticidal hybrid protein comprising parts of two different insecticidal crystal proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis, such as. A hybrid of the proteins of 1) above or a hybrid of the proteins of 2) above, e.g. For example, the protein Cry1A.105 produced by the corn event MON89034 (
); orWO 2007/027777 - 4) a protein according to any one of items 1) to 3) above, wherein some, in particular 1 to 10, amino acids have been replaced by another amino acid in order to achieve a higher insecticidal activity against a target insect species and / or the spectrum of the affected target insect species and / or due to changes induced in the coding DNA during cloning or transformation, such as the protein Cry3Bb1 in maize events MON863 or MON88017 or the protein Cry3A in the maize event MIR604; or
- 5) an insecticidal secreted protein from Bacillus thuringiensis or Bacillus cereus or an insecticidal part thereof, such as the vegetative insecticidal proteins (VIPs) disclosed in U.S. Pat
are cited, for. B. Proteins of protein class VIP3Aa; orhttp://www.lifesci.sussex.ac.uk/Home/Neil_Crickmore/Bt/vip.html - 6) a secreted protein from Bacillus thuringiensis or Bacillus cereus, which is insecticidal in the presence of a second secreted protein from Bacillus thuringiensis or B. cereus, such as the binary toxin consisting of the proteins VIP1A and VIP2A (
) orWO 94/21795 - 7) a hybrid insecticidal protein comprising parts of various secreted proteins of Bacillus thuringiensis or Bacillus cereus, such as a hybrid of the proteins of 1) or a hybrid of the proteins of 2) above; or
- 8) a protein according to any one of items 5) to 7) above, in which some, in particular 1 to 10, amino acids have been replaced by another amino acid in order to achieve a higher insecticidal activity against a target insect species and / or the spectrum of the affected To expand target insect species and / or due to changes introduced into the coding DNA during cloning or transformation (preserving the coding for an insecticidal protein), such as the protein VIP3Aa in cotton event COT 102; or
- 9) a secreted protein from Bacillus thuringiensis or Bacillus cereus which is insecticidal in the presence of a crystal protein from Bacillus thuringiensis, such as the binary toxin consisting of VIP3 and Cry1A or Cry1F (U.S. Patent Application Nos. 61/126083 and 61/195019) , or the binary toxin consisting of the protein VIP3 and the proteins Cry2Aa or Cry2Ab or Cry2Ae (US Patent Application Nos. 12 / 214,022 and US Pat
); orEP Application No. 08010791.5 - 10) a protein according to 9) above, in which some, in particular 1 to 10, amino acids have been replaced by another amino acid, in order to achieve a higher insecticidal activity against a target insect species, and / or to broaden the spectrum of the affected target insect species, and or because of changes introduced into the coding DNA during cloning or transformation (preserving the coding for an insecticidal protein).
Natürlich zählt zu den Insekten-resistenten transgenen Pflanzen im vorliegenden Zusammenhang auch jegliche Pflanze, die eine Kombination von Genen umfasst, die für die Proteine von einer der oben genannten Klassen 1 bis 10 kodieren. In einer Ausführungsform enthält eine insektenresistente Pflanze mehr als ein Transgen, das für ein Protein nach einer der oben genannten Klassen 1 bis 10 kodiert, um das Spektrum der betroffenen Zielinsektenarten zu erweitern wenn verschiedene Proteine, die auf verschiedene Zielinsektenarten abzielen, verwendet werden, oder um die Entwicklung einer Resistenz der Insekten gegen die Pflanzen dadurch hinauszuzögern, dass man verschiedene Proteine einsetzt, die für dieselbe Zielinsektenart insektizid sind, jedoch eine unterschiedliche Wirkungsweise, wie Bindung an unterschiedliche Rezeptorbindungsstellen im Insekt, aufweisen.Of course, insect-resistant transgenic plants in the present context also include any plant comprising a combination of genes encoding the proteins of any of the above-mentioned classes 1 to 10. In one embodiment, an insect-resistant plant contains more than one transgene encoding a protein of any one of the above classes 1 to 10 to extend the spectrum of target insect species of interest when using different proteins targeting different target insect species the development of insect resistance to the plant delay by using various proteins which are insecticidal for the same target insect species, but have a different mode of action, such as binding to different receptor binding sites in the insect.
Eine „Insekten-resistente
transgene Pflanze” beinhaltet im vorliegenden Zusammenhang
weiterhin jegliche Pflanze, die mindestens ein Transgen enthält,
welches eine Sequenz umfasst, die bei Expres sion eine doppelsträngige
RNA produziert, welche bei Aufnahme durch ein Pflanzenschädlingsinsekt
das Wachstum dieses Schädlingsinsekts hemmt, wie dies z.
B. in
Pflanzen oder Pflanzensorten (die nach Methoden der pflanzlichen Biotechnologie, wie der Gentechnik, erhalten wurden), die ebenfalls erfindungsgemäß behandelt werden können, sind gegenüber abiotischen Stressfaktoren tolerant. Solche Pflanzen können durch genetische Transformation oder durch Selektion von Pflanzen, die eine Mutation enthalten, die solch eine Stressresistenz verleiht, erhalten werden. Zu besonders nützlichen Pflanzen mit Stresstoleranz zählen folgende:
- 1) Pflanzen, die ein Transgen enthalten, das die Expression
und/oder Aktivität des Gens für die Poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase
(PARP) in den Pflanzenzellen oder Pflanzen zu reduzieren vermag,
wie dies in
,WO 00/04173 ,WO/2006/045633 oderWO 2006/045633 beschrieben ist.WO 2007/131699 - 2) Pflanzen, die ein stresstoleranzförderndes Transgen
enthalten, das die Expression und/oder Aktivität der für
PARG kodierenden Gene der Pflanzen oder Pflanzenzellen zu reduzieren
vermag, wie dies z. B. in
beschrieben ist;WO 2004/090140 - 3) Pflanzen, die ein Stresstoleranz-förderndes Transgen
enthalten, das für ein in Pflanzen funktionelles Enzym
des Nicotinamidadenindinukleotid-Salvage-Biosynthesewegs kodiert,
darunter Nicotinamidase, Nicotinatphosphoribosyltransferase, Nicotinsäuremononukleotidadenyltransferase,
Nicotinamidadenindinukleotidsynthetase oder Nicotinamidphosphoribosyltransferase,
wie dies z. B. in
,WO 2006/032469 ,WO 2006/133827 oderEP-A 1 999 263 beschrieben ist.WO 2007/107326
- 1) plants containing a transgene capable of reducing the expression and / or activity of the poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) gene in the plant cells or plants, as described in U.S. Pat
.WO 00/04173 .WO / 2006/045633 orWO 2006/045633 is described.WO 2007/131699 - 2) plants containing a stress tolerance-promoting transgene capable of reducing the expression and / or activity of the PARG-encoding genes of the plants or plant cells, as described, for example, in US Pat. In
is described;WO 2004/090140 - 3) plants which contain a stress tolerance-enhancing transgene encoding a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide salvage biosynthetic pathway enzyme functional in plants, including nicotinamidase, nicotinate phosphoribosyltransferase, nicotinic acid mononucleotide adenyltransferase, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide synthetase or nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase as described e.g. In
.WO 2006/032469 .WO 2006/133827 orEP-A 1 999 263 is described.WO 2007/107326
Pflanzen oder Pflanzensorten (die nach Methoden der pflanzlichen Biotechnologie, wie der Gentechnik, erhalten wurden), die ebenfalls erfindungsgemäß behandelt werden können, weisen eine veränderte Menge, Qualität und/oder Lagerfähigkeit des Ernteprodukts und/oder veränderte Eigenschaften von bestimmten Bestandteilen des Ernteprodukts auf, wie z. B.:
- 1) Transgene Pflanzen, die eine
modifizierte Stärke synthetisieren, die bezüglich
ihrer chemisch-physikalischen Eigenschaften, insbesondere des Amylosegehalts
oder des Amylose/Amylopektin-Verhältnisses, des Verzweigungsgrads,
der durchschnittlichen Kettenlänge, der Verteilung der
Seitenketten, des Viskositätsverhaltens, der Gelfestigkeit,
der Stärkekorngröße und/oder Stärkekornmorphologie
im Vergleich mit der synthetisierten Stärke in Wildtyppflanzenzellen
oder -pflanzen verändert ist, so dass sich diese modifizierte
Stärke besser für bestimmte Anwendungen eignet.
Diese transgenen Pflanzen, die eine modifizierte Stärke
synthetisieren, sind z. B. in
,EP-A 0571427 ,WO 95/04826 ,EP-A 0719338 ,WO 96/15248 ,WO 96/19581 ,WO 96/27674 ,WO 97/11188 ,WO 97/26362 ,WO 97/32985 ,WO 97/42328 ,WO 97/44472 ,WO 97/45545 ,WO 98/27212 ,WO 98/40503 ,WO 99/58688 ,WO 99/58690 ,WO 99/58654 ,WO 00/08184 ,WO 00/08185 ,WO 00/08175 ,WO 00/28052 ,WO 00/77229 ,WO 01/12782 ,WO 01/12826 ,WO 02/101059 ,WO 03/071860 ,WO 2004/056999 ,WO 2005/030942 ,WO 2005/030941 ,WO 2005/095632 ,WO 2005/095617 ,WO 2005/095619 ,WO 2005/095618 ,WO 2005/123927 ,WO 2006/018319 ,WO 2006/103107 ,WO 2006/108702 ,WO 2007/009823 ,WO 00/22140 ,WO 2006/063862 ,WO 2006/072603 ,WO 02/034923 ,WO 2008/017518 ,WO 2008/080630 ,WO 2008/080631 ,WO 2008/090008 ,WO 01/14569 ,WO 02/79410 ,WO 03/33540 ,WO 2004/078983 ,WO 01/19975 ,WO 95/26407 ,WO 96/34968 ,WO 98/20145 ,WO 99/12950 ,WO 99/66050 ,WO 99/53072 ,US 6,734,341 ,WO 00/11192 ,WO 98/22604 ,WO 98/32326 ,WO 01/98509 ,WO 01/98509 ,WO 2005/002359 ,US 5,824,790 ,US 6,013,861 ,WO 94/04693 ,WO 94/09144 ,WO 94/11520 bzw.WO 95/35026 beschrieben.WO 97/20936 - 2) Transgene Pflanzen, die Nichtstärkekohlenhydratpolymere
synthetisieren, oder Nichtstärkekohlenhydratpolymere, deren
Eigenschaften im Vergleich zu Wildtyppflanzen ohne genetische Modifikation
verändert sind. Beispiele sind Pflanzen, die Polyfructose,
insbesondere des Inulin- und Levantyps, produzieren, wie dies in
,EP-A 0663956 ,WO 96/01904 ,WO 96/21023 undWO 98/39460 beschrieben ist, Pflanzen, die alpha-1,4-Glucane produzieren, wie dies inWO 99/24593 ,WO 95/31553 ,US 2002031826 ,US 6,284,479 ,US 5,712,107 ,WO 97/47806 ,WO 97/47807 undWO 97/47808 beschrieben ist, Pflanzen, die alpha-1,6-verzweigte alpha-1,4-Glucane produzieren, wie dies inWO 00/14249 beschrieben ist, und Pflanzen, die Alternan produzieren, wie dies inWO 00/73422 ,WO 00/47727 ,WO 00/73422 ,WO 2008/098975 undUS 5,908,975 beschrieben ist.EP-A 0728213 - 3) Transgene Pflanzen, die Hyaluronan produzieren, wie dies
z. B. in
,WO 2006/032538 ,WO 2007/039314 ,WO 2007/039315 ,WO 2007/039316 undJP 2006304779 beschrieben ist.WO 2005/012529 - 4) Transgene Pflanzen oder Hybridpflanzen, wie Zwiebeln mit Merkmalen wie 'hoher Gehalt an löslichen Feststoffen', 'milde' (low pungency, ist gleich LP) und/oder 'Langzeitlagerung' (long storage, ist gleich LS), wie dies in den US-Patentanmeldungen Nr. 12/020,360 und 61/054,026 beschrieben ist.
- 1) Transgenic plants that synthesize a modified starch, with respect to their physicochemical properties, in particular the amylose content or the amylose / amylopectin ratio, the degree of branching, the average chain length, the distribution of side chains, the viscosity behavior, the gel strength, the starch grain size and / or starch grain morphology is altered in comparison to the synthesized starch in wild-type plant cells or plants, so that this modified starch is better suited for certain applications. These transgenic plants synthesizing a modified starch are e.g. In
.EP-A 0571427 .WO 95/04826 .EP-A 0719338 .WO 96/15248 .WO 96/19581 .WO 96/27674 .WO 97/11188 .WO 97/26362 .WO 97/32985 .WO 97/42328 .WO 97/44472 .WO 97/45545 .WO 98/27212 .WO 98/40503 .WO 99/58688 .WO 99/58690 .WO 99/58654 .WO 00/08184 .WO 00/08185 .WO 00/08175 .WO 00/28052 .WO 00/77229 .WO 01/12782 .WO 01/12826 .WO 02/101059 .WO 03/071860 .WO 2004/056999 .WO 2005/030942 .WO 2005/030941 .WO 2005/095632 .WO 2005/095617 .WO 2005/095619 .WO 2005/095618 .WO 2005/123927 .WO 2006/018319 .WO 2006/103107 .WO 2006/108702 .WO 2007/009823 .WO 00/22140 .WO 2006/063862 .WO 2006/072603 .WO 02/034923 .WO 2008/017518 .WO 2008/080630 .WO 2008/080631 .WO 2008/090008 .WO 01/14569 .WO 02/79410 .WO 03/33540 .WO 2004/078983 .WO 01/19975 .WO 95/26407 .WO 96/34968 .WO 98/20145 .WO 99/12950 .WO 99/66050 .WO 99/53072 .US 6,734,341 .WO 00/11192 .WO 98/22604 .WO 98/32326 .WO 01/98509 .WO 01/98509 .WO 2005/002359 .US 5,824,790 .US 6,013,861 .WO 94/04693 .WO 94/09144 .WO 94/11520 respectively.WO 95/35026 described.WO 97/20936 - 2) Transgenic plants that synthesize non-starch carbohydrate polymers or non-starch carbohydrate polymers whose properties are altered compared to wild-type plants without genetic modification. Examples are plants which produce polyfructose, in particular of the inulin and levan type, as described in US Pat
.EP-A 0663956 .WO 96/01904 .WO 96/21023 andWO 98/39460 described plants that produce alpha-1,4-glucans, as described inWO 99/24593 .WO 95/31553 .US 2002031826 .US 6,284,479 .US 5,712,107 .WO 97/47806 .WO 97/47807 andWO 97/47808 described plants that produce alpha-1,6-branched alpha-1,4-glucans, as shown inWO 00/14249 and plants that produce alternan, as described in US PatWO 00/73422 .WO 00/47727 .WO 00/73422 .WO 2008/098975 andUS 5,908,975 is described.EP-A 0728213 - 3) Transgenic plants that produce hyaluronan, as z. In
.WO 2006/032538 .WO 2007/039314 .WO 2007/039315 .WO 2007/039316 andJP 2006304779 is described.WO 2005/012529 - 4) Transgenic plants or hybrid plants, such as onions with characteristics such as' high soluble content Solids', 'mild' (low pungency, equals LP) and / or 'long-term storage' (equal to LS), as described in U.S. Patent Application Nos. 12 / 020,360 and 61 / 054,026.
Pflanzen oder Pflanzensorten (die nach Methoden der pflanzlichen Biotechnologie, wie der Gentechnik, erhalten wurden), die ebenfalls erfindungsgemäß behandelt werden können, sind Pflanzen wie Baumwollpflanzen mit veränderten Fasereigenschaften. Solche Pflanzen können durch genetische Transformation oder durch Selektion von Pflanzen, die eine Mutation enthalten, die solche veränderten Fasereigenschaften verleiht, erhalten werden; dazu zählen:
- a) Pflanzen wie
Baumwollpflanzen, die eine veränderte Form von Cellulosesynthase-Genen
enthalten, wie dies in
beschrieben ist,WO 98/00549 - b) Pflanzen wie Baumwollpflanzen, die eine veränderte
Form von rsw2- oder rsw3-homologen Nukleinsäuren enthalten,
wie dies in
beschrieben ist;WO 2004/053219 - c) Pflanzen wie Baumwollpflanzen mit einer erhöhten
Expression der Saccharosephosphat-Synthase, wie dies in
beschrieben ist;WO 01/17333 - d) Pflanzen wie Baumwollpflanzen mit einer erhöhten
Expression der Saccharose-Synthase, wie dies in
beschrieben ist;WO 02/45485 - e) Pflanzen wie Baumwollpflanzen bei denen der Zeitpunkt der
Durchlass-Steuerung der Plasmodesmen an der Basis der Faserzelle
verändert ist, z. B. durch Herunterregulieren der faserselektiven β-1,3-Glucanase,
wie dies in
, oder wie in derWO 2005/017157 oder in der US-Patentanmeldung Nr. 61/128,938 beschrieben ist;EP-Anmeldung Nr. 08075514.3 - f) Pflanzen wie Baumwollpflanzen mit Fasern mit veränderter
Reaktivität, z. B. durch Expression des N-Acetylglucosamintransferasegens,
darunter auch nodC, und von Chitinsynthasegenen, wie dies in
beschrieben ist.WO 2006/136351
- a) plants, such as cotton plants, which contain an altered form of cellulose synthase genes, as shown in
is describedWO 98/00549 - b) plants, such as cotton plants, which contain an altered form of rsw2 or rsw3 homologous nucleic acids, as described in US Pat
is described;WO 2004/053219 - c) plants such as cotton plants with an increased expression of the sucrose phosphate synthase, as described in
is described;WO 01/17333 - d) plants such as cotton plants with an increased expression of sucrose synthase, as described in
is described;WO 02/45485 - e) plants such as cotton plants in which the timing of the passage control of the plasmodesms at the base of the fiber cell is changed, z. By down-regulating the fiber-selective β-1,3-glucanase, as described in U.S. Pat
, or as in theWO 2005/017157 or in U.S. Patent Application No. 61 / 128,938;EP Application No. 08075514.3 - f) plants such as cotton plants with modified reactivity fibers, e.g. By expression of the N-acetylglucosamine transferase gene, including nodC, and chitin synthase genes, as described in U.S. Pat
is described.WO 2006/136351
Pflanzen oder Pflanzensorten (die nach Methoden der pflanzlichen Biotechnologie, wie der Gentechnik, erhalten wurden), die ebenfalls erfindungsgemäß behandelt werden können, sind Pflanzen wie Raps oder verwandte Brassica-Pflanzen mit veränderten Eigenschaften der Ölzusammensetzung. Solche Pflanzen können durch genetische Transformation oder durch Selektion von Pflanzen, die eine Mutation enthalten, die solche veränderten Öleigenschaften verleiht, erhalten werden; dazu zählen:
- a) Pflanzen
wie Rapspflanzen, die Öl mit einem hohen Ölsäuregehalt
produzieren, wie dies z. B. in
,US 5,969,169 oderUS 5,840,946 oderUS 6,323,392 beschrieben ist;US 6,063,947 - b) Pflanzen wie Rapspflanzen, die Öl mit einem niedrigen
Linolensäuregehalt produzieren, wie dies in
,US 6,270,828 oderUS 6,169,190 beschrieben ist.US 5,965,755 - c) Pflanzen wie Rapspflanzen, die Öl mit einem niedrigen
gesättigten Fettsäuregehalt produzieren, wie dies z.
B. in
beschrieben ist.US 5,434,283
- a) plants such as rape plants that produce oil with a high oleic acid content, as z. In
.US 5,969,169 orUS 5,840,946 orUS 6,323,392 is described;US 6,063,947 - (b) plants such as oilseed rape plants producing low linolenic acid oil, as in
.US 6,270,828 orUS 6,169,190 is described.US 5,965,755 - c) plants such as oilseed rape plants which produce oil with a low saturated fatty acid content, such as e.g. In
is described.US 5,434,283
Pflanzen
oder Pflanzensorten (die nach Methoden der pflanzlichen Biotechnologie,
wie der Gentechnik, erhalten wurden), die ebenfalls erfindungsgemäß behandelt
werden können, sind Pflanzen wie Raps oder verwandte Brassica-Pflanzen
mit veränderten Samenstreuungseigenschaften. Solche Pflanzen
können durch genetische Transformation oder durch Selektion
von Pflanzen, die eine Mutation enthalten, die solche veränderten
Samenstreuungseigenschaften verleihen, erhalten werden; dazu zählen
Rapspflanzen mit verzögerter oder verringerter Samenstreuung,
wie dies in der US-Patentanmeldung Nr. 61/135,230 und der
Besonders
nützliche transgene Pflanzen, die erfindungsgemäß behandelt
werden können, sind Pflanzen, die Transformations-Events,
oder Kombination von Transformations-Events, enthalten und für
die Anmeldungen in den Vereinigten Staaten von Amerika beim Animal
and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) des United States Department
of Agriculture (USDA) auf Deregulierung vorliegen, egal, ob solche
Anträge genehmigt wurden oder noch bearbeitet werden. Diese
Information ist jederzeit leicht von APHIS erhältlich,
(4700 River Road Riverdale, MD 20737, USA) z. B. auf der Website
- – Antrag: Identifikationsnummer des Antrags. Technische Beschreibungen der Transformations-Events finden sich in den einzelnen Antragsdokumenten, die von APHIS durch Bezug auf diese Antragsnummer erhältlich sind, z. B. auf der APHIS-Website. Die Beschreibungen werden in den folgenden Text hiermit durch Bezugnahme aufgenommen.
- – Erweiterung eines Antrags: Bezugnahme auf einen früheren Antrag, für den eine Erweiterung beantragt wird.
- – Institution: Name des Antragstellers.
- – Gegenstand der Regulation: die jeweilige Pflanzenart.
- – Transgener Phänotyp: das den Pflanzen durch das Transformations-Event vermittelte Merkmal.
- – Transformations-Event oder Linie: Name des bzw. der Events (manchmal auch als Linie(n) bezeichnet), für das Deregulation beantragt wird.
- – APHIS-Dokumente: verschiedene von APHIS in Bezug auf den Antrag veröffentlichte Dokumente, die von APHIS erhältlich sind.
- - Application: identification number of the application. Technical descriptions of the transformation events can be found in the individual application documents available from APHIS by reference to this application number, such as: On the APHIS website. The descriptions are hereby incorporated by reference in the following text.
- - Extension of an application: reference to a previous application for which an extension is requested.
- - Institution: name of the applicant.
- - Subject of the regulation: the respective plant species.
- Transgenic phenotype: the trait conferred on the plants by the transformation event.
- - Transformation event or line: name of the event (sometimes called a line (s)) for which deregulation is requested.
- - APHIS documents: various documents published by APHIS in relation to the application, which are available from APHIS.
Zusätzliche
besonders nützliche Pflanzen, die einzelne Transformations-Events
oder eine Kombination von Transformations-Events enthalten, sind
z. B. in den Datenbanken von verschiedenen nationalen oder regionalen
Behörden angeführt (siehe z. B.
Zu weiteren besonderen transgenen Pflanzen zählen Pflanzen, die ein Transgen in einer agronomisch neutralen oder vorteilhaften Stellung enthalten, wie dies in beliebigen Patentveröffentlichungen, die in Tabelle C aufgelistet sind, beschrieben ist.To other special transgenic plants include plants, which is a transgene in an agronomically neutral or beneficial Position as described in any patent publications, which are listed in Table C is described.
Bei einer besonders bevorzugten Variante wird das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren für die Behandlung von transgenen Gemüse-, Mais-, Sojabohnen-, Baumwoll-, Tabak-, Reis-, Kartoffel- und Zuckerrübensorten verwendet. Hierbei handelt es sich vorzugsweise um Pflanzen, die Bt-Toxine enthalten.at a particularly preferred variant is the inventive Process for the treatment of transgenic vegetables, Corn, soybean, cotton, tobacco, rice, potato and sugar beet varieties used. These are preferably plants, the Bt toxins contain.
Bei den Gemüsepflanzen oder -sorten handelt es sich z. B. um die folgenden Nutzpflanzen:
- – Kartoffeln: vorzugsweise Stärkekartoffeln, Süßkartoffeln und Speisekartoffeln;
- – Wurzelgemüse: vorzugsweise Karotten, Kohlrüben (Speiserüben, Stoppelrüben (Brassica rapa var. rapa)), Frühjahrsrüben, Herbstrüben (Brassica campestris spp. Rapifera), Brassica rapa L. spp. rapa f. teltowiensis) Schwarzwurzeln, Topinambur, Wurzelpetersilie, Pastinake, Rettich und Meerrettich;
- – Knollengemüse: vorzugsweise Kohlrabi, Rote Beete, Knollensellerie, Radieschen;
- – Zwiebelgemüse: vorzugsweise Frühlingszwiebeln, Lauch und Zwiebeln (Steck- und Samenzwiebeln);
- – Kohlgemüse: vorzugsweise Kopfkohl (Weißkohl, Rotkohl, Blattkohl, Wirsingkohl), Blumenkohl, Brokkoli, Grünkohl, Markstammkohl, Meerkohl und Rosenkohl;
- – Fruchtgemüse: vorzugsweise Tomaten, (Freiland-, Rispen-, Fleisch-, Gewächshaus-, Cocktail-, Industrie- und Frischmarkt-Tomaten), Melonen, Eierfrüchte, Auberginen, Paprika (Gemüse- und Gewürzpaprika, Spanischer Pfeffer), Peperoni, Kürbisse, Zucchini und Gurken (Freiland-, Gewächs-, Schlangen- und Einlegegurken);
- – Gemüsehülsenfrüchte: vorzugsweise Buschbohnen (als Schwertbohnen, Perlbohnen, Flageoletbohnen, Wachsbohnen, Trockenkochbohnen mit grün- und gelbhülsigen Sorten), Stangenbohnen (als Schwertbohnen, Perlbohnen, Flageoletbohnen, Wachsbohnen mit grün-, blau- und gelbhülsigen Sorten), Dicke Bohnen (Ackerbohnen, Puffbohnen, Sorten mit weiß und schwarz gefleckten Blüten), Erbsen (Plattererbsen, Kichererbsen, Markererbsen, Schalerbsen, Zuckererbsen, Palerbsen, Sorten mit hell und dunkelgrünem Frischkorn) und Linsen;
- – Blatt- und Stielgemüse: vorzugsweise Chinakohl, Kopfsalat, Pflücksalat, Feldsalat, Eisbergsalat, Romanasalat, Eichblattsalat, Endivien, Radicchio, Lollo rosso-Salat, Rucolo-Salat, Chicoree, Spinat, Mangold (Blatt- und Stielmangold) und Petersilie;
- – Sonstige Gemüse: vorzugsweise Spargel, Rhabarber, Schnittlauch, Artischocken, Minzarten, Sonnenblumen, Knollenfenchel, Dill, Gartenkresse, Senf, Mohn, Erdnuss, Sesam und Salatzichorien.
- - Potatoes: preferably starch potatoes, sweet potatoes and ware potatoes;
- - root vegetables: preferably carrots, swedes (turnips, stubble turnips (Brassica rapa var. Rapa)), spring turnips, turnips (Brassica campestris spp., Rapifera), Brassica rapa L. spp. rapa f. teltowiensis) salsify, Jerusalem artichoke, root parsley, parsnip, radish and horseradish;
- - tubers: preferably kohlrabi, beetroot, celeriac, radishes;
- - Onion vegetables: preferably spring onions, leeks and onions (stick and seed onions);
- - cabbage: preferably cabbage (white cabbage, red cabbage, kale, kale), cauliflower, broccoli, kale, marrow cabbage, sea cabbage and Brussels sprouts;
- - Fruits: preferably tomatoes, (field, panicles, meat, greenhouse, cocktail, industrial and fresh market tomatoes), melons, eggplant, aubergines, peppers (peppers and capsicums, capsicum), hot peppers, pumpkins , Courgettes and cucumbers (field, green, snake and cucumbers);
- - Vegetable legumes: preferably wild beans (as sword beans, pea beans, flageolet beans, wax beans, dry beans with green and yellow-hulled varieties), runner beans (as sword beans, pea beans, lagoon beans, green, blue and yellow-hulled beans), broad beans (broad beans, Broad beans, varieties with white and black spotted flowers), peas (flat peas, chickpeas, marker peas, raspberries, sugar peas, palerbuts, varieties with light and dark green fresh grain) and lentils;
- - leafy and stemmed vegetables: preferably Chinese cabbage, lettuce, pickle salad, lamb's lettuce, iceberg lettuce, romaine lettuce, cucumber salad, endive, radicchio, lollo rosso salad, rucolo salad, chicory, spinach, Swiss chard and parsley;
- - Other vegetables: preferably asparagus, rhubarb, chives, artichokes, martens, sunflowers, tubers, dill, garden cress, mustard, poppy, peanut, sesame and salad chicory.
Bevorzugte Ausführungsformen der Erfindung sind diejenigen Behandlungen mit Prothioconazole, bei denen die transgene Pflanze:
- a) aus der Reihe der in Tabelle A: A-1 bis A-133 oder Tabelle B: B-1 bis B-85 aufgelisteten Pflanzen stammt, oder
- b) ein oder mehrere transgene Event(s) aus der Reihe der in Tabelle A: A-1 bis A-133 oder Tabelle B: B-1 bis B-85 aufgelisteten transgenen Events umfasst, oder
- c) ein Merkmal aufweist, das auf einem oder mehreren transgenen Event(s) wie in Tabelle C: C-1 bis C-12 aufgelistet basiert, oder
- d) ein transgenes Event aus Tabelle D: D-1 bis D-48 umfasst.
- a) from the series of plants listed in Table A: A-1 to A-133 or Table B: B-1 to B-85, or
- b) one or more transgenic event (s) from the series of transgenic events listed in Table A: A-1 to A-133 or Table B: B-1 to B-85, or
- c) has a feature based on one or more transgenic event (s) listed in Table C: C-1 to C-12, or
- d) comprises a transgenic event from Table D: D-1 to D-48.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung werden die transgenen Pflanzen mit Prothioconazole behandelt, um eine synergistische Verstärkung
- (i) der Pestiziden Wirksamkeit und/oder
- (ii) des Aktivitätsspektrums gegen Schädlinge und/oder phytopathogene Pilze und/oder Mikroorganismen und/oder
- (iii) bei der Bekämpfung von Schädlingen und/oder phytopathogenen Pilzen und/oder Mikroorganismen mit teilweiser oder vollständiger Resistenz oder Toleranz gegen Prothioconazole zu erhalten oder die Pflanze soll dahingehend genetisch verändert werden, dass sie gegen Wildtyp-Stämme oder empfindliche Stämme der genannten Schädlinge und/oder phytopathogenen Pilze und/oder Mikroorganismen resistent wird.
- (i) the pesticides efficacy and / or
- (ii) the activity spectrum against pests and / or phytopathogenic fungi and / or microorganisms and / or
- (iii) to obtain control of pests and / or phytopathogenic fungi and / or microorganisms with partial or total resistance or tolerance to prothioconazole, or that the plant is genetically modified to be resistant to wild type strains or susceptible strains of the said pests; / or phytopathogenic fungi and / or microorganisms becomes resistant.
Die
Verfahren zur Bestimmung der Resistenz von Schädlingen
gegen Wirkstoffe sind dem Durchschnittsfachmann gut bekannt. Solche
Verfahren finden sich z. B. auf der Website des „Insecticide
Resistance Action Committee” unter
Bei einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung führt die Behandlung einer transgenen Pflanze mit Prothioconazole zu einem erhöhten Ertrag der transgenen Pflanze, wobei die transgene Pflanze:
- a) aus der Reihe der in Tabelle A: A-1 bis A-133 oder Tabelle B: B-1 bis B-85 aufgelisteten Pflanzen stammt, oder
- b) ein oder mehrere transgene Event(s) aus der Reihe der in Tabelle A: A-1 bis A-133 oder Tabelle B: B-1 bis B-85 aufgelisteten transgenen Events umfasst, oder
- c) ein Merkmal aufweist, das auf einem oder mehreren transgenen Event(s) wie in Tabelle C: C-1 bis C-12 aufgelistet basiert, oder
- d) ein transgenes Event aus Tabelle D: D-1 bis D-48 umfasst.
- a) from the series of plants listed in Table A: A-1 to A-133 or Table B: B-1 to B-85, or
- b) one or more transgenic event (s) from the series of transgenic events listed in Table A: A-1 to A-133 or Table B: B-1 to B-85, or
- c) has a feature based on one or more transgenic event (s) listed in Table C: C-1 to C-12, or
- d) comprises a transgenic event from Table D: D-1 to D-48.
Erfindungsgemäß können die mit Prothioconazole zu behandelnden Pflanzen auch Kombinationen von transgenen Events oder Merkmalen, die in den Tabellen A, B, C und D beschrieben sind, enthalten.According to the invention the plants to be treated with prothioconazole also combinations of transgenic events or characteristics that are shown in Tables A, B, C and D are described included.
Tabelle A:Table A:
Nicht
allumfassende Liste von transgenen Pflanzen und Events für
die Nacharbeitung der Erfindung. Quelle: AgBios-Datenbank (AGBIOS,
P. O. Box 475, 106 St. John St. Merrickville, Ontario K0G1N0, CANADA) zugänglich
unter:
In einer Ausführungsform der Erfindung werden die Pflanzen A-1 bis A-133 von Tabelle A ganz oder teilweise bzw. wird Vermehrungsmaterial dieser Pflanzen mit Prothioconazole allein oder in Form von Zusammensetzungen, die Prothioconazole umfassen, behandelt oder in Kontakt gebracht.In In one embodiment of the invention, the plants A-1 to A-133 of Table A wholly or in part or is propagation material of these plants with prothioconazole alone or in the form of compositions, the prothioconazole include, treated or contacted.
Tabelle BTable B
Nicht
allumfassende Liste von transgenen Pflanzen für die Durchführung
der Erfindung aus der APHIS-Datenbank des United States Department
of Agriculture (USDA). Die Datenbank findet sich unter:
In dieser Tabelle verwendete Abkürzungen:
- CMV-Gurkenmosaikvirus
- CPB-Kartoffelkäfer
- PLRV-Kartoffel-Blattrollvirus
- PRSV-Papaya-Ringspot-Virus
- PVY-Kartoffel-Y-Virus
- WMV2-Wassermelonenmosaikvirus 2
- ZYMV-Zucchini-Gelbmosaikvirus
- CMV cucumber mosaic virus
- CPB potato beetle
- PLRV potato leaf roll virus
- PRSV Papaya ringspot virus
- PVY potato virus Y
- WMV2 watermelon mosaic virus 2
- ZYMV Zucchini yellow mosaic virus
In einer Ausführungsform der Erfindung werden die Pflanzen B-1 bis B-85 von Tabelle B ganz oder teilweise bzw. wird Vermehrungsmaterial dieser Pflanzen mit Prothioconazole allein oder in Form von Zusammensetzungen, die Prothioconazole umfassen, behandelt oder in Kontakt gebracht.In In one embodiment of the invention, the plants B-1 to B-85 of Table B wholly or in part or is propagation material of these plants with prothioconazole alone or in the form of compositions, the prothioconazole include, treated or contacted.
Tabelle CTable C
Nicht
allumfassende Liste von Merkmalen für die Nacharbeitung
der Erfindung mit Bezugnahme auf Schriften, in denen sie beschrieben
sind.
In einer Ausführungsform der Erfindung werden die Pflanzen, die Merkmale gemäß C-1 bis C-12 von Tabelle C umfassen oder exprimieren, ganz oder teilweise bzw. wird Vermehrungsmaterial dieser Pflanzen mit Prothioconazole allein oder in Form von Zusammensetzungen, die Prothioconazole 5 umfassen, behandelt oder in Kontakt gebracht.In In one embodiment of the invention, the plants, the features according to C-1 to C-12 of Table C. include or express all or part or propagation material of these plants with prothioconazole alone or in the form of compositions, the prothioconazole 5 include, treated or contacted.
Tabelle DTable D
Nicht
allumfassende Liste von transgenen Events und Merkmalen, auf die
die Erfindung angewandt werden kann, unter Bezugnahme auf Patentanmeldungen.
In einer Ausführungsform werden die Pflanzen, die ein transgenes Event gemäß D-1 bis D-48 von Tabelle D umfassen oder solch ein Merkmal exprimieren ganz oder teilweise, bzw. wird Vermehrungsmaterial dieser Pflanzen, mit Prothioconazole allein oder in Form von Zusammensetzungen, die Prothioconazole umfassen, behandelt oder in Kontakt gebracht.In In one embodiment, the plants are transgenic Event according to D-1 to D-48 of Table D. or express such a feature wholly or partly, or will Propagating material of these plants, with prothioconazole alone or in the form of compositions comprising prothioconazole, treated or contacted.
In einer Ausführungsform enthalten die Zusammensetzungen, die Prothioconazole umfassen, einen weiteren Wirkstoff. Insbesondere kann es sich hierbei um ein Fungizid oder ein Akarizid, ein Nematizide oder ein Insektizid oder um einen Herbizid-Safener handeln.In In one embodiment, the compositions contain the prothioconazole include another active ingredient. Especially this may be a fungicide or an acaricide, a nematicide or an insecticide or a herbicide safener.
Typischerweise beträgt das Gewichtsverhältnis zwischen Prothioconazole und anderem Wirkstoff zwischen 1000 zu 1 und 1 zu 125, vorzugsweise zwischen 125 zu 1 und 1 zu 50 und besonders bevorzugt zwischen 25 zu 1 und 1 zu 5.typically, is the weight ratio between prothioconazole and other active ingredient between 1000 to 1 and 1 to 125, preferably between 125 to 1 and 1 to 50 and more preferably between 25 to 1 and 1 to 5.
Bevorzugt sind die folgenden Fungizide, die ausgewählt sind aus der Gruppe bestehend aus:
- F1) Verbindung, die fähig ist, die Nukleinsäuresynthese zu hemmen, wie Benalaxyl, Benalaxyl-M, Bupirimat, Clozylacon, Dimethirimol, Ethirimol, Furalaxyl, Hymexazol, Mefenoxam, Metalaxyl, Metalaxyl-M, Ofurace, Oxadixyl, Oxolinsäure;
- F2) Verbindung, die fähig ist, die Mitrose und Zellteilung zu hemmen, wie Benomyl, Carbendazim, Diethofencarb, Ethaboxam, Fuberidazol, Pencycuron, Thiabendazol, Thiophanat-methyl, Zoxamid;
- F3) Verbindung, die fähig ist, die Atmung zu hemmen, z. B. ein CI-Atmungshemmer wie Diflumetorim; ein CII-Atmungshemmer wie Boscalid, Carboxin, Fenfuram, Flutolanil, Furametpyr, Furmecyclox, Mepronil, Oxycarboxin, Penthiopyrad, Thifluzamid; ein CIII-Atmungshemmer wie Amisulbrom, Azoxystrobin, Cyazofamid, Dimoxystrobin, Enestrobin, Famoxadon, Fenamidon, Fluoxastrobin, Kresoxim-methyl, Metominostrobin, Orysastrobin, Picoxystrobin, Pyraclostrobin, Trifloxystrobin;
- F4) Verbindung, die fähig ist, als Entkoppler zu wirken, wie Dinocap, Fluazinam, Meptyldinocap;
- F5) Verbindung, die fähig ist, die ATP-Produktion zu hemmen, wie Fentin-acetat, Fentin-chlorid, Fentin-hydroxid, Silthiofam;
- F6) Verbindung, die fähig ist, AA und die Proteinbiosynthese zu hemmen, wie Andoprim, Blasticidin-S, Cyprodinil, Kasugamycin, Kasugamycin-hydrochlorid-hydrat, Mepanipyrim, Pyrimethanil;
- F7) Verbindung, die fähig ist, die Signalleitung zu hemmen, wie Fenpiclonil, Fludioxonil, Quinoxyfen;
- F8) Verbindung, die fähig ist, die Lipid- und Membransynthese zu hemmen, wie Biphenyl, Chlozolinat, Edifenphos, Etridiazol, Iodocarb, Iprobenfos, Iprodion, Isoprothiolane, Procymidon, Propamocarb, Propamocarb-hydrochlorid, Pyrazophos, Tolclofos-methyl, Vinclozolin;
- F9) Verbindung, die fähig ist, die Ergosterolbiosynthese zu hemmen, wie Aldimorph, Azaconazol, Bitertanol, Bromuconazol, Cyproconazol, Diclobutrazol, Difenoconazol, Diniconazol, Diniconazol-M, Dodemorph, Dodemorph-acetat, Epoxiconazole, Etaconazol, Fenarimol, Fenbuconazol, Fenhexamid, Fenpropidin, Fenpropimorph, Fluquinconazol, Flurprimidol, Flusilazol, Flutriafol, Furconazol, Furconazol-cis, Hexaconazol, Imazalil, Imazalil-sulfat, Imibenconazol, Ipconazol, Metconazol, Myclobutanil, Naftifin, Nuarimol, Oxpoconazol, Paclobutrazol, Pefurazoat, Penconazol, Prochloraz, Propiconazol, Prothioconazole, Pyributicarb, Pyrifenox, Simeconazol, Spiroxamine, Tebuconazole, Terbinafine, Tetraconazol, Triadimefon, Triadimenol, Tridemorph, Triflumizol, Triforin, Triticonazol, Uniconazol, Viniconazol, Voriconazol;
- F10) Verbindung, die fähig ist, die Zellwandsynthese zu hemmen, wie Benthiavalicarb, Dimethomorph, Flumorph, Iprovalicarb, Mandipropamid, Polyoxine, Polyoxorim, Validamycin A;
- F11) Verbindung, die fähig ist, die Melaninbiosynthese zu hemmen, wie Carpropamid, Diclocymet, Fenoxanil, Phthalid, Pyroquilon, Tricyclazol;
- F12) Verbindung, die fähig ist, eine Wirtsabwehr zu induzieren, wie Acibenzolar-S-methyl, Probenazol, Tiadinil;
- F13) Verbindung, die fähig ist, eine Multisite-Wirkung auszuüben, wie Bordeaux-Brühe, Captafol, Captan, Chlorthalonil, Kupfernaphthenat, Kupferoxid, Kupferoxychlorid, Kupferpräparate wie Kupferhydroxid, Kupfersulfat, Dichlorfluanid, Dithianon, Dodin, Dodin (freie Base), Ferbam, Fluorfolpet, Folpet, Guazatin, Guazatin-acetat, Iminoctadin, Iminoctadin-albesilat, Iminoctadin-triacetat, Mancopper, Mancozeb, Maneb, Metiram, Metiram-zink, Oxin-kupfer, Propineb, Schwefel und Schwefel-präparate darunter Calciumpolysulfid, Thiram, Tolylfluanid, Zineb, Ziram;
- F14) Verbindung aus der folgenden Aufzählung: (2E)-2-(2-{[6-(3-Chlor-2-methylphenoxy)-5-fluorpyrimidin-4-yl]oxy}phenyl)-2-(methoxyimino)-N-methylacetamid, (2E)-2-{2-[({[(1E)-1-(3-{[(E)-1-Fluor-2-phenylvinyl]oxy}phenyl)ethyliden]amino)oxy)methyl]phenyl}-2-(methoxyimino)-N-methylacetamid, 1-(4-Chlorphenyl)-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)cycloheptanol, 1-[(4-Methoxyphenoxy)methyl]-2,2-dimethylpropyl-1H-imidazol-1-carboxylat, 1-Methyl-N-[2-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluorethoxy)phenyl]-3-(trifluormethyl)-1H-pyrazol-4-carboxamid, 2,3,5,6-Tetrachlor-4-(methylsulfonyl)pyridin, 2-Butoxy-6-iod-3-propyl-4H-chromen-4-on, 2-Chlor-N-(1,1,3-trimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-4-yl)nicotinamid, 2-Phenylphenol und Salze, 3-(Difluormethyl)-1-methyl-N-[2-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluorethoxy)phenyl]-1H-pyrazol-4-carboxamid, 3-(Difluormethyl)-N-[(9R)-9-isopropyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1,4-methanonaphthalin-5-yl]-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-carboxamid, 3-(Difluormethyl)-N-[(9S)-9-isopropyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1,4-methanonaphthalin-5-yl]-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-carboxamid, 3-(Difluormethyl)-N-[4'-(3,3-dimethylbut-1-in-1-yl)biphenyl-2-yl]-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-carboxamid, 3,4,5-Trichlorpyridin-2,6-dicarbonitril, 3-[5-(4-Chlorphenyl)-2,3-dimethylisoxazolidin-3-yl]pyridin, 3-Chlor-5-(4-chlorphenyl)-4-(2,6-difluorphenyl)-6-methylpyridazin, 4-(4-Chlorphenyl)-5-(2,6-difluorphenyl)-3,6-dimethylpyridazin, 5-Chlor-7-(4-methylpiperidin-1-yl)-6-(2,4,6-trifluorphenyl)[1,2,4]triazol[1,5-a]pyrimidin, 8-Hydroxychinolinsulfat, Benthiazol, Bethoxazin, Capsimycin, Carvon, Chinomethionat, Cufraneb, Cyflufenamid, Cymoxanil, Dazomet, Debacarb, Dichlorphen, Diclomezin, Dicloran, Difenzoquat, Difenzoquat-methylsulfat, Diphenylamin, Ecomat, Ferimzon, Flumetover, Fluopicolid, Fluorimid, Flusulfamid, Fosetyl-Al, Fosetyl-Ca, Fosetyl-Na, Hexachlorbenzol, Irumamycin, Isotianil, Methasulfocarb, Methyl-(2E)-2-{2- [({cyclopropyl[(4-methoxyphenyl)imino]methyl}thio)methyl]phenyl}-3-methoxyacrylat, Methyl-1-(2,2-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-yl)-1H-imidazol-5-carboxylat, Methylisothiocyanat, Metrafenon, Mildiomycin, N-(3',4'-Dichlor-5-fluorbiphenyl-2-yl)-3-(difluormethyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-carboxamid, N-(3-Ethyl-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexyl)-3-(formylamino)-2-hydroxybenzamid, N-(4-Chlor-2-nitrophenyl)-N-ethyl-4-methylbenzolsulfonamid, N-(4-Chlorbenzyl)-3-[3-methoxy-4-(prop-2-in-1-yl-oxy)phenyl]propanamid, N-[(4-Chlorphenyl)(cyano)methyl]-3-[3-methoxy-4-(prop-2-in-1-yloxy)phenyl]propanamid, N-[(5-Brom-3-chlorpyridin-2-yl)methyl]-2,4-dichlornicotinamid, N-[1-(5-Brom-3-chlorpyridin-2-yl)ethyl]-2,4-dichlornicotinamid, N-[1-(5-Brom-3-chlorpyridin-2-yl)ethyl]-2-fluor-4-iodnicotinamid, N-[2-(1,3-Dimethylbutyl)phenyl]-5-fluor-1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-carboxamid, N-{(Z)-[(Cyclopropylmethoxy)imino][6-(difluormethoxy)-2,3-difluorphenyl]methyl}-2-phenylacetamid, N-{2-[1,1'-Bi(cyclopropyl)-2-yl]phenyl}-3-(difluormethyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-carboxamid, N-{2-[3-Chlor-5-(trifluormethyl)pyridin-2-yl]ethyl}-2-(trifluormethyl)benzamid, Natamycin, N-Ethyl-N-methyl-N'-{2-methyl-5-(trifluormethyl)-4-[3-(trimethylsilyl)propoxy]phenyl}imidoformamid, N-Ethyl-N-methyl-N'-{2-methyl-5-(difluormethyl)-4-[3-(trimethylsilyl)propoxy]phenyl}imidoformamid, Nickeldimethyldithiocarbamat, Nitrothal-isopropyl, O-{1-[(4-Methoxyphenoxy)methyl]-2,2-dimethylpropyl}-1H-imidazol-1-carbothioat, Octhilinon, Oxamocarb, Oxyfenthiin, Pentachlorphenol und Salze, phosphorige Säure und ihre Salze, Piperalin, Propamocarb-fosetylat, Propanosin-natrium, Proquinazid, Pyribencarb, Pyrrolnitrin, Quintozen, S-Allyl-5-amino-2-isopropyl-4-(2-methylphenyl)-3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-1-carbothioat, Tecloftalam, Tecnazen, Triazoxid, Trichlamid, Valiphenal, Zarilamid.
- F1) Compound capable of inhibiting nucleic acid synthesis, such as benalaxyl, benalaxyl-M, bupiri mat, clozylacon, dimethirimol, ethirimol, furalaxyl, hymexazole, mefenoxam, metalaxyl, metalaxyl-M, ofurace, oxadixyl, oxolinic acid;
- F2) compound capable of inhibiting mitosis and cell division, such as benomyl, carbendazim, diethofencarb, ethaboxam, fuberidazole, pencycuron, thiabendazole, thiophanate-methyl, zoxamide;
- F3) compound capable of inhibiting respiration, e.g. A CI respiratory inhibitor such as diflumetorim; a CII respiratory inhibitor such as boscalid, carboxin, fenfuram, flutolanil, furametpyr, furmecyclox, mepronil, oxycarboxin, penthiopyrad, thifluzamide; a CIII respiratory inhibitor such as amisulbrom, azoxystrobin, cyazofamide, dimoxystrobin, enestrobin, famoxadone, fenamidone, fluoxastrobin, kresoxim-methyl, metominostrobin, orysastrobin, picoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, trifloxystrobin;
- F4) compound capable of acting as a decoupler, such as dinocap, fluazinam, meptyldinocap;
- F5) compound capable of inhibiting ATP production, such as fentin acetate, fentin chloride, fentin hydroxide, silthiofam;
- F6) Compound capable of inhibiting AA and protein biosynthesis, such as andoprim, blasticidin-S, cyprodinil, kasugamycin, kasugamycin hydrochloride hydrate, mepanipyrim, pyrimethanil;
- F7) compound capable of inhibiting signal conduction, such as fenpiclonil, fludioxonil, quinoxyfen;
- F8) compound capable of inhibiting lipid and membrane synthesis such as biphenyl, chlozolinate, edifenphos, etridiazole, iodocarb, Iprobenfos, iprodione, isoprothiolanes, procymidone, propamocarb, propamocarb hydrochloride, pyrazophos, tolclofos-methyl, vinclozolin;
- F9) Compound capable of inhibiting ergosterol biosynthesis, such as aldimorph, azaconazole, bitertanol, bromuconazole, cyproconazole, diclobutrazole, difenoconazole, diniconazole, diniconazole-M, dodemorph, dodemorph-acetate, epoxiconazole, etaconazole, fenarimol, fenbuconazole, fenhexamid, Fenpropidin, fenpropimorph, fluquinconazole, flurprimidol, flusilazole, flutriafol, furconazole, furconazole-cis, hexaconazole, imazalil, imazalil sulfate, imibenconazole, ipconazole, metconazole, myclobutanil, naftifine, nuarimol, oxpoconazole, paclobutrazole, pefurazoate, penconazole, prochloraz, propiconazole, Prothioconazole, Pyributicarb, Pyrifenox, Simeconazole, Spiroxamine, Tebuconazole, Terbinafine, Tetraconazole, Triadimefon, Triadimenol, Tridemorph, Triflumizole, Triforin, Triticonazole, Uniconazole, Viniconazole, Voriconazole;
- F10) compound capable of inhibiting cell wall synthesis, such as benthiavalicarb, dimethomorph, flumorph, iprovalicarb, mandipropamide, polyoxins, polyoxorim, validamycin A;
- F11) compound capable of inhibiting melanin biosynthesis, such as carpropamide, diclocymet, fenoxanil, phthalide, pyroquilone, tricyclazole;
- F12) Compound capable of inducing host defense, such as acibenzolar-S-methyl, probenazole, tiadinil;
- F13) Compound capable of exerting a multisite effect, such as Bordeaux broth, captafol, captan, chlorothalonil, copper naphthenate, copper oxide, copper oxychloride, copper preparations such as copper hydroxide, copper sulfate, dichlorfluanid, dithianon, dodin, dodin (free base), Ferbam , Fluoro-folpet, folpet, guazatine, guazatine acetate, iminoctadine, iminoctadine albesilate, iminoctadine triacetate, mancopper, mancozeb, maneb, metiram, metiram zinc, oxine copper, propineb, sulfur and sulfur preparations including calcium polysulfide, thiram, tolylfluanid , Zineb, Ziram;
- F14) compound from the following list: (2E) -2- (2 - {[6- (3-chloro-2-methylphenoxy) -5-fluoropyrimidin-4-yl] oxy} phenyl) -2- (methoxyimino) - N-methylacetamide, (2E) -2- {2 - [({[(1E) -1- (3 - {[(E) -1-fluoro-2-phenylvinyl] oxy} phenyl) ethylidene] amino) oxy) methyl] phenyl} -2- (methoxyimino) -N-methylacetamide, 1- (4-chlorophenyl) -2- (1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl) cycloheptanol, 1 - [(4-methoxyphenoxy) methyl] -2,2-dimethylpropyl-1H-imidazole-1-carboxylate, 1-methyl-N- [2- (1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy) phenyl] -3- (trifluoromethyl) -1H-pyrazole 4-carboxamide, 2,3,5,6-tetrachloro-4- (methylsulfonyl) pyridine, 2-butoxy-6-iodo-3-propyl-4H-chromen-4-one, 2-chloro-N- (1, 1,3-trimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-4-yl) nicotinamide, 2-phenylphenol and salts, 3- (difluoromethyl) -1-methyl-N- [2- (1,1,2, 2-tetrafluoroethoxy) phenyl] -1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, 3- (difluoromethyl) -N - [(9R) -9-isopropyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1,4-methanonaphthalene-5- yl] -1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, 3- (difluoromethyl) -N - [(9S) -9-isopropyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1,4-methanonaphthalene-5-yl] yl] -1-methyl-1H-p yrazole-4-carboxamide, 3- (difluoromethyl) -N- [4 '- (3,3-dimethylbut-1-yn-1-yl) biphenyl-2-yl] -1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4 carboxamide, 3,4,5-trichloropyridine-2,6-dicarbonitrile, 3- [5- (4-chlorophenyl) -2,3-dimethylisoxazolidin-3-yl] pyridine, 3-chloro-5- (4-chlorophenyl) -4- (2,6-difluorophenyl) -6-methylpyridazine, 4- (4-chlorophenyl) -5- (2,6-difluorophenyl) -3,6-dimethylpyridazine, 5-chloro-7- (4-methylpiperidine 1-yl) -6- (2,4,6-trifluorophenyl) [1,2,4] triazolo [1,5-a] pyrimidine, 8-hydroxyquinoline sulfate, benthiazole, bethoxazine, capsimycin, carvone, quinomethionate, Cufraneb, cyflufenamid , Cymoxanil, Dazomet, Debacarb, Dichlorphene, Diclomezine, Dicloran, Difenzoquat, Difenzoquat-methylsulfate, Diphenylamine, Ecomat, Ferimzone, Flumetover, Fluopicolide, Fluoride, Flusulfamide, Fosetyl-Al, Fosetyl-Ca, Fosetyl-Na, Hexachlorobenzene, Irumamycin, Isotianil , Methasulfocarb, methyl (2E) -2- {2- [({cyclopropyl [(4-methoxyphenyl) imino] methyl} thio) methyl] phenyl} -3-methoxyacrylate, methyl 1- (2,2-dimethyl) 2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-yl) -1H-imida zol-5-carboxylate, methylisothiocyanate, metrafenone, mildiomycin, N- (3 ', 4'-dichloro-5-fluorobiphenyl-2-yl) -3- (difluoromethyl) -1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, N- (3-ethyl-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexyl) -3- (formylamino) -2-hydroxybenzamide, N- (4-chloro-2-nitrophenyl) -N-ethyl-4-methylbenzenesulfonamide, N- (4 -Chlorobenzyl) -3- [3-methoxy-4- (prop-2-yn-1-yl-oxy) -phenyl] -propanamide, N - [(4-chlorophenyl) (cyano) -methyl] -3- [3-methoxy -4- (prop-2-yn-1-yloxy) phenyl] propanamide, N - [(5-bromo-3-chloropyridin-2-yl) methyl] -2,4-dichloronotinotin, N- [1- (5 -Bromo-3-chloropyridin-2-yl) ethyl] -2,4-dichloronotinotin, N- [1- (5-bromo-3-chloropyridin-2-yl) ethyl] -2-fluoro-4-iodonicotinamide, N - [2- (1,3-dimethylbutyl) phenyl] -5-fluoro-1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, N - {(Z) - [(cyclopropylmethoxy) imino] [6- (difluoromethoxy ) -2,3-difluorophenyl] methyl} -2-phenylacetamide, N- {2- [1,1'-bi (cyclopropyl) -2-yl] phenyl} -3- (difluoromethyl) -1-methyl-1H- pyrazole-4-carboxamide, N- {2- [3-chloro-5- (trifluoromethyl) pyridin-2-yl] ethyl} -2- (trifluoromethyl) benzamide, natamycin, N- Ethyl N-methyl-N '- {2-methyl-5- (trifluoromethyl) -4- [3- (trimethylsilyl) propoxy] phenyl} imidoformamide, N-ethyl-N-methyl-N' - {2-methyl- 5- (difluoromethyl) -4- [3- (trimethylsilyl) propoxy] phenyl} imidoformamide, nickel dimethyldithiocarbamate, nitrothal isopropyl, O- {1- [(4-methoxyphenoxy) methyl] -2,2-dimethylpropyl} -1H-imidazole 1-carbothioate, octhilinone, oxamocarb, oxyfenthiine, pentachlorophenol and salts, phosphorous acid and its salts, piperine, propamocarb-fosetylate, propanosine sodium, proquinazide, pyribencarb, pyrrolnitrin, quintozene, S-allyl-5-amino-2-isopropyl -4- (2-methylphenyl) -3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrazole-1-carbothioate, Tecloftalam, Tecnazene, triazoxide, trichlamide, valiphenal, zarilamide.
Besonders bevorzugte Fungizide als zusätzliche Wirkstoffe sind die folgenden Fungizide, ausgewählt aus der Gruppe bestehend aus: Azoxystrobin, Dimoxystrobin, Kresoxim-methyl, Orysastrobin, Pyraclostrobin, Trifloxystrobin, Bixafen, Boscalid, Isopyrazam, Metalaxyl, Penthiopyrad, 3-Difluormethyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-carbonsäure-(2',4',5'-trifluorbiphenyl-2-yl)-amid, N-(2-Bicyclopropyl-2-yl-phenyl)-3-difluormethyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-carbonsäureamid, Dimethomorph, Fluopicolid, Difenoconazol, Ipconazol, Epoxiconazole, Fluquinconazol, Flusilazol, Flutriafol, Metconazol, Myclobutanil, Propiconazol, Prothioconazole, Tebuconazole, Tetraconazol, Triticonazol, Prochloraz, Carbendazim, Fluazinam, Cyprodinil, Pyrimethanil, Fludioxonil, Dodemorph, Fenpropimorph, Tridemorph, Fenpropidin, Iprodion, Vinclozolin, Famoxadon, Probenazol, Captan, Folpet, 5-Ethyl-6-octyl-[1,2,4]triazolo-[1,5-a]pyrimidin-7-ylamin, Mancozeb, Maneb, Metiram, Thiram, Dithianon, Fosetyl, Fosetyl-Al, Chlorthalonil, Thiophanat-methyl, Cymoxanil, Metrafenon, Spiroxamine, Bixafen, N-(3',4',5'-Trifluorbiphenyl-2-yl)-3-difluormethyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-carboxamid, N-[2-(4'-Trifluormethylthio)biphenyl]-3-difluormethyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-carboxamid, N-[2-(1,3-Dimethylbutyl)phenyl]-1,3-dimethyl-5-fluor-1H-pyrazol-4-carboxamid, N-(2-Bicyclopropyl-2-ylphenyl)-3-difluormethyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-carboxamid, N-(cis-2-Bicyclopropyl-2-ylphenyl)-3-difluormethyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-carboxamid, N-(trans-2-Bicyclopropyl-2-ylphenyl)-3-difluormethyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-carboxamid, N-[1,2,3,4-Tetrahydro-9-(1-methylethyl)-1,4-methanonaphthalin-5-yl]-3-(difluormethyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-carboxamid.Especially preferred fungicides as additional active ingredients are the following fungicides selected from the group consisting from: azoxystrobin, dimoxystrobin, kresoxim-methyl, orysastrobin, Pyraclostrobin, trifloxystrobin, bixafen, boscalid, isopyrazam, Metalaxyl, penthiopyrad, 3-difluoromethyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxylic acid (2 ', 4', 5'-trifluorobiphenyl-2-yl) -amide, N- (2-bicyclopropyl-2-yl-phenyl) -3-difluoromethyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, Dimethomorph, fluopicolide, difenoconazole, ipconazole, epoxiconazole, fluquinconazole, Flusilazole, flutriafol, metconazole, myclobutanil, propiconazole, Prothioconazole, tebuconazole, tetraconazole, triticonazole, prochloraz, Carbendazim, fluazinam, cyprodinil, pyrimethanil, fludioxonil, dodemorph, Fenpropimorph, tridemorph, fenpropidin, iprodione, vinclozolin, famoxadone, Probenazole, Captan, Folpet, 5-ethyl-6-octyl- [1,2,4] triazolo [1,5-a] pyrimidin-7-ylamine, Mancozeb, maneb, metiram, thiram, dithianone, fosetyl, fosetyl-al, Chlorothalonil, thiophanate-methyl, cymoxanil, metrafenone, spiroxamine, Bixafen, N- (3 ', 4', 5'-trifluorobiphenyl-2-yl) -3-difluoromethyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, N- [2- (4'-trifluoromethylthio) biphenyl] -3-difluoromethyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, N- [2- (1,3-dimethylbutyl) phenyl] -1,3-dimethyl-5-fluoro-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, N- (2-bicyclopropyl-2-yl-phenyl) -3-difluoromethyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, N- (cis-2-bicyclopropyl-2-yl-phenyl) -3-difluoromethyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, N- (trans-2-bicyclopropyl-2-yl-phenyl) -3-difluoromethyl-1 methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, N- [1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-9- (1-methylethyl) -1,4-methano-naphthalen-5-yl] -3- (difluoromethyl) -1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide.
Bevorzugt sind die folgenden Insektizide/Acarizide/Nematizide, ausgewählt aus der Gruppe:
- (1) Acetylcholinesterase (AChE)-Hemmer, z. B. Carbamate, wie z. B. Alanycarb, Aldicarb, Aldoxycarb, Allyxycarb, Aminocarb, Bendiocarb, Benfuracarb, Bufencarb, Butacarb, Butocarboxim, Butoxycarboxim, Carbaryl, Carbofuran, Carbosulfan, Cloethocarb, Dimetilan, Ethiofencarb, Fenobucarb, Fenothiocarb, Formetanat, Furathiocarb, Isoprocarb, Metam-natrium, Methiocarb, Methomyl, Metolcarb, Oxamyl, Pirimicarb, Promecarb, Propoxur, Thiodicarb, Thiofanox, Trimethacarb, XMC, und Xylylcarb; oder Organphosphate, wie z. B. Acephat, Azamethiphos, Azinphos(-methyl, -ethyl), Bromophos-ethyl, Bromfenvinfos(-methyl), Butathiofos, Cadusafos, Carbophenothion, Chlorethoxyfos, Chlorfenvinphos, Chlormephos, Chlorpyrifos(-methyl/-ethyl), Coumaphos, Cyanofenphos, Cyanophos, Chlorfenvinphos, Demeton-S-methyl, Demeton-S-methylsulfon, Dialifos, Diazion, Dichlofenthion, Dichlorvos/DDVP, Dicrotophos, Dimethoat, Dimethylvinphos, Dioxabenzofos, Disulfoton, EPN, Ethion, Ethoprophos, Etrimfos, Famphur, Fenamiphos, Fenitrothion, Fensulfothion, Fenthion, Flupyrazofos, Fonofos, Formothion, Fosmethilan, Fosthiazat, Heptenophos, Iodofenphos, Iprobenfos, Isazofos, Isofenphos, Isopropyl, O-Salicylat, Isoxathion, Malathion, Mecarbam, Methacrifos, Methamidophos, Methidathion, Mevinphos, Monocrotophos, Naled, Omethoat, Oxydemeton-methyl, Parathion(-methyl/-ethyl), Phenthoat, Phorat, Phosalon, Phosmet, Phosphamidon, Phosphocarb, Phoxim, Pirimiphos(-methyl/-ethyl), Profenofos, Propaphos, Propetamphos, Prothiofos, Prothoat, Pyraclofos, Pyridaphenthion, Pyridathion, Quinalphos, Sebufos, Sulfotep, Sulprofos, Tebupirimfos, Temephos, Terbufos, Tetrachlorvinphos, Thiometon, Triazophos, Triclorfon, Vamidothion und Imicyafos.
- (2) GABA-gesteuerte Chloridkanalantagonisten, z. B. Organochlorverbindungen, wie z. B. Camphechlor, Chlordan, Endosulfan, Gamma-HCH, HCH, Heptachlor, Lindan und Methoxychlor; oder Fiprole (Phenylpyrazole), wie z. B. Acetoprol, Ethiprol, Fipronil, Pyrafluprol, Pyriprol und Vaniliprol.
- (3) Natriumkanalmodulatoren/spannungsabhängige Natriumkanalblocker, z. B. Pyrethroide, wie z. B. Acrinathrin, Allethrin (d-cis-trans, d-trans), Beta-cyfluthrin, Bifenthrin, Bioallethrin, Bioallethrin S-Cyclopentylisomer, Bioethanomethrin, Biopermethrin, Bioresmethrin, Chlovaporthrin, cis-Cypermethrin, cis-Resmethrin, cis-Permethrin, Clocythrin, Cycloprothrin, Cyfluthrin, Cyhalothrin, Cypermethrin (alpha-, beta-, theta-, zeta-), Cyphenothrin, Deltamethrin, Empenthrin (1R-Isomer), Esfenvalerat, Etofenprox, Fenfluthrin, Fenpropathrin, Fenpyrithrin, Fenvalerat, Flubrocythrinat, Flucythrinat, Flufenprox, Flumethrin, Fuvalinat, Fubfenprox, gamma-Cyhalothrin, Imiprothrin, Kadethrin, lambda-Cyhalothrin, Metofluthrin, Permethrin (cis-, trans-), Phenothrin (1R-trans-Isomer), Prallethrin, Profluthrin, Protrifenbut, Pyresmethrin, Resmethrin, RU 15525, Silafluofen, tau-Fluvalinat, Tefluthrin, Terallethrin, Tetramethrin (-1R-Isomer), Tralomethrin, Transfluthrin, ZXI 8901, Pyrethrin (Pyrethrum), Eflusilanat; DDT; oder Methoxychlor.
- (4) Nicotinerge Acetylcholinrezeptoragonisten/-antagonisten, z. B. Chlornicotinyle, wie z. B. Acetamiprid, Clothianidin, Dinotefuran, Imidacloprid, Imidaclothiz, Nitenpyram, Nithiazin, Thiacloprid, Thiamethoxam, AKD-1022; Nicotin, Bensultap, Cartap, Thiosultap-natrium und Thiocylam.
- (5) Allostere Acetylcholinrezeptormodulatoren (Agonisten), z. B. Spinosyne, wie z. B. Spinosad und Spinetoram.
- (6) Chloridkanalaktivatoren, z. B. Mectine/Macrolide, wie z. B. Abamectin, Emamectin, Emamectinbenzoat, Ivermectin, Lepimectin und Milbemectin; oder Juvenilhormonanaloge, z. B. Hydropren, Kinopren, Methopren, Epofenonan, Tripren, Fenoxycarb, Pyriproxifen und Diofenolan.
- (7) Wirkstoffe mit unbekannten oder unspezifischen Wirkmechanismen, z. B. Vergasungsmittel, wie z. B. Methylbromid, Chlorpicrin und Sulfurylfluorid; Selektive Frashemmer, z. B. Cryolit, Pymetrozin, Pyrifluquinazon und Flonicamid; oder Milbenwachstumshemmer, z. B. Clofentezin, Hexythiazox, Etoxazol.
- (8) Hemmer der oxidativen Phosphorylation, ATP-Disruptoren, z. B. Diafenthiuron; Organotinverbindungen, wie z. B. Azocyclotin, Cyhexatin und Fenbutatin-oxid; oder Propargit, Tetradifon.
- (9) Entkoppler der oxidativen Phoshorylierung durch Unterbrechung des H-Protonen-Gradienten, z. B. Chlorfenapyr, Binapacryl, Dinobuton, Dinocap und DNOC.
- (10) Mikrobielle Disruptoren der Insektendarmmembran, z. B. Bacillus thuringiensis-Stämme.
- (11) Chitinbiosynthesehemmer, z. B. Benzoylharnstoffe, z. B. Bistrifluron, Chlorfluazuron, Diflubenzuron, Fluazuron, Flucycloxuron, Flufenoxuron, Hexaflumuron, Lufenuron, Novaluron, Noviflumuron, Penfluron, Teflubenzuron oder Triflumuron.
- (12) Buprofezin.
- (13) Verbindungen, die die Häutung unterbrechen, z. B. Cyromazin.
- (14) Ecdysonagonisten/Disruptoren, z. B. Diacylhydrazine, wie z. B. Chromafenozid, Halofenozid, Methoxyfenozid, Tebufenozid und Fufenozid (JS118); oder Azadirachtin.
- (15) Octopaminerge Agonisten, z. B. Amitraz.
- (16) Site-III-Elektronentransporthemmer/Site-II-Elektronentransporthemmer, z. B. Hydramethylnon; Acequinocyl; Fluacrypyrim; oder Cyflumetofen und Cyenopyrafen.
- (17) Elektronentransporthemmer, z. B. Site-I-Elektronentransporthemmer aus der Gruppe der METI-Acarizide, wie z. B. Fenazaquin, Fenpyroximat, Pyrimidifen, Pyridaben, Tebufenpyrad, Tolfenpyrad und Rotenon; oder spannungsabhängige Natriumkanalblocker, wie z. B. Indoxacarb und Metaflumizon.
- (18) Fettsäurebiosynthesehemmer, z. B. Tetronsäurederivative, z. B. Spirodiclofen und Spiromesifen; oder Tetramsäurederivative, z. B. Spirotetramat.
- (19) Neuronalhemmer mit unbekanntem Wirkmechanismus, z. B. Bifenazat.
- (20) Ryanodinrezeptoreffektoren, z. B. Diamide, z. B. Flubendiamid, (R),(S)-3-Chlor-N1-{2-methyl-4-[1,2,2,2-tetrafluor-1-(trifluormethyl)ethyl]phenyl}-N2-(1-methyl-2-methylsulfonylethyl)phthalamid, Chlorantraniliprol (Rynaxypyr) oder Cyantraniliprol (Cyazypyr).
- (21) Weitere Wirkstoffe mit unbekanntem Wirkmechanimus, z. B.
Amidoflumet, Benclothiaz, Benzoximat, Bromopropylat, Buprofezin,
Chinomethionat, Chlordimeform, Chlorbenzilat, Clothiazoben, Cyclopren,
Dicofol, Dicyclanil, Fenoxacrim, Fentrifanil, Flubenzimin, Flufenerim,
Flutenzin, Gossyplure, Japonilure, Metoxadiazon, Petroleum, Kaliumoleat,
Pyridalyl, Sulfluramid, Tetrasul, Triarathen oder Verbutin; oder
einer der folgenden Wirkstoffe: 4-{[(6-Brompyrid-3-yl)methyl](2-fluorethyl)amino}furan-2(5H)-on
(bekannt aus
), 4-{[(6-Fluorpyrid-3-yl)methyl](2,2-difluorethyl)amino}furan-2(5H)-on (bekannt ausWO 2007/115644 ), 4-([(2-Chlor-1,3-thiazol-5-yl)methyl](2-fluorethyl)amino}furan-2(5H)-on (bekannt ausWO 2007/115644 ), 4-{[(6-Chlorpyrid-3-yl)methyl](2-fluorethyl)amino}furan-2(5H)-on (bekannt ausWO 2007/115644 ), 4-{[(6-Chlorpyrid-3-yl)methyl](2,2-difluorethyl)amino}furan-2(5H)-on bekannt ausWO 2007/ 115644 ), 4-{[(6-Chlor-5-fluorpyrid-3-yl)methyl](methyl)amino}furan-2(5H)-on (bekannt ausWO 2007/115644 ), 4-{[(5,6-Dichlorpyrid-3-yl)methyl](2-fluorethyl)amino}furan-2(5H)-on (bekannt ausWO 2007/115643 ), 4-{[(6-Chlor-5-fluorpyrid-3-yl)methyl](cyclopropyl)amino}furan-2(5H)-on (bekannt ausWO 2007/115646 ), 4-{[(6-Chlorpyrid-3-yl)methyl](cyclopropyl)amino}furan-2(5H)-on (bekannt ausWO 2007/115643 ), 4-{[(6-Chlorpyrid-3-yl)methyl](methyl)amino}furan-2(5H)-on (bekannt ausEP-A-0 539 588 ), [(6-Chlorpyridin-3-yl)methyl](methyl)oxido-λ4-sulfanylidencyanamid (bekannt ausEP-A-0 539 588 ), [1-(6-Chlorpyridin-3-yl)ethyl](methyl)oxido-λ4-sulfanylidencyanamid (bekannt ausWO 2007/149134 ) und seine Diastereomere (A) und (B) (ebenfalls bekannt ausWO 2007/149134 ), [(6-Trifluormethylpyridin-3-yl)methyl](methyl)oxido-λ4-sulfanylidencyanamid (bekannt ausWO 2007/149134 ) oder [1-(6-Trifluormethylpyridin-3-yl)ethyl](methyl)oxido-λ4-sulfanylidencyanamid (bekannt ausWO 2007/095229 ) und seine Diastereomere (C) und (D), nämlich SulfoxaflorWO 2007/149134
- (1) acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors, e.g. B. carbamates, such as. B. alanycarb, aldicarb, aldoxycarb, allyxycarb, aminocarb, bendiocarb, benfuracarb, bufencarb, butacarb, butocarboxime, butoxycarboxime, carbaryl, carbofuran, carbosulfan, cloethocarb, dimetilane, ethiofencarb, fenobucarb, fenothiocarb, formetanate, furathiocarb, isoprocarb, metam-sodium, Methiocarb, methomyl, metolcarb, oxamyl, pirimicarb, promecarb, propoxur, thiodicarb, thiofanox, trimethacarb, XMC, and xylylcarb; or organophosphates, such as. Acephate, azamethiphos, azinphos (-methyl, -ethyl), bromophos-ethyl, bromfenvinfos (-methyl), butathiofos, cadusafos, carbophenothion, chloroethoxyfos, chlorfenvinphos, chlormephos, chlorpyrifos (-methyl / -ethyl), coumaphos, cyanofenphos, Cyanophos, Chlorfenvinphos, Demeton-S-methyl, Demeton-S-methylsulfone, Dialifos, Diazion, Dichlofenthione, Dichlorvos / DDVP, Dicrotophos, Dimethoate, Dimethylvinphos, Dioxabenzofos, Disulfoton, EPN, Ethion, Ethoprophos, Etrimfos, Famphur, Fenamiphos, Fenitrothion, Fensulfothion, Fenthion, Flupyrazofos, Fonofos, Formothion, Fosmethilane, Fosthiazate, Heptenophos, Iodofenphos, Iprobenfos, Isazofos, Isofenphos, Isopropyl, O-Salicylate, Isoxathione, Malathion, Mecarbam, Methacrifos, Methamidophos, Methidathione, Mevinphos, Monocrotophos, Naled, Omethoate, Oxydemeton-methyl, parathion (-methyl / -ethyl), phenthoate, phorate, phosalone, phosmet, phosphamidone, phosphocarb, phoxim, pirimiphos (-methyl / -ethyl), profenofos, propaphos, propetamphos, prothiofos, prothoate, pyraclofos , Pyridathione, Pyridathion, Quinalphos, Sebufos, Sulfotep, Sulprofos, Tebupirimfos, Temephos, Terbufos, Tetrachlorvinphos, Thiometon, Triazophos, Triclorfon, Vamidothion and Imicyafos.
- (2) GABA-controlled chloride channel antagonists, e.g. B. organochlorine compounds, such as. B. camphechlor, chlordane, endosulfan, gamma-HCH, HCH, heptachlor, lindane and methoxychlor; or fiproles (phenylpyrazoles), such as. Acetoprol, Ethiprol, Fipronil, Pyrafluprol, Pyriprol and Vaniliprole.
- (3) sodium channel modulators / voltage dependent sodium channel blockers, e.g. As pyrethroids, such as. B. acrinathrin, allethrin (d-cis-trans, d-trans), beta-cyfluthrin, bifenthrin, bioallethrin, bioallethrin S-cyclopentyl isomer, bioethanomethrin, biopermethrin, bioresmethrin, chlovaporthrin, cis-cypermethrin, cis-resmethrin, cis-permethrin, Clocythrin, cycloprothrin, cyfluthrin, cyhalothrin, cypermethrin (alpha-, beta-, theta-, ze ta-), cyphenothrin, deltamethrin, empenthrin (1R isomer), esfenvalerate, etofenprox, fenfluthrin, fenpropathrin, fenpyrithrine, fenvalerate, flubrocythrinate, flucythrinate, flufenprox, flumethrin, fuvalinate, fubfenprox, gamma-cyhalothrin, imiprothrin, kadethrin, lambda-cyhalothrin , Metofluthrin, permethrin (cis-, trans-), phenothrin (1R-trans isomer), prallethrin, profuthrin, protrifenbut, pyresmethrin, resmethrin, RU 15525, silafluofen, tau-fluvalinate, tefluthrin, terallethrin, tetramethrin (-1R isomer ), Tralomethrin, transfluthrin, ZXI 8901, pyrethrin (pyrethrum), eflusilanate; DDT; or methoxychlor.
- (4) nicotinergic acetylcholine receptor agonists / antagonists, e.g. B. chloronicotinyls, such as. Acetamidopride, clothianidin, dinotefuran, imidacloprid, imidaclothiz, nitenpyram, nithiazine, thiacloprid, thiamethoxam, AKD-1022; Nicotine, Bensultap, Cartap, Thiosultap Sodium and Thiocylam.
- (5) Allosteric acetylcholine receptor modulators (agonists), e.g. B. spinosyn, such. Spinosad and spinetoram.
- (6) chloride channel activators, e.g. As Mectins / macrolides, such as. Abamectin, emamectin, emamectin benzoate, ivermectin, lepimectin and milbemectin; or juvenile hormone analogs, e.g. As hydroprene, kinoprene, methoprene, epofenone, tripene, fenoxycarb, pyriproxifen and diofenolane.
- (7) agents with unknown or unspecific mechanisms of action, eg. B. gasification agents, such as. Methyl bromide, chloropicrine and sulfuryl fluoride; Selective Frashemmer, z. Cryolite, pymetrozine, pyrifluquinazone and flonicamide; or mite growth inhibitors, e.g. Clofentezine, hexythiazox, etoxazole.
- (8) Inhibitors of oxidative phosphorylation, ATP disruptors, e.g. B. diafenthiuron; Organotin compounds, such as. Azocyclotin, cyhexatin and fenbutatin oxide; or propargite, tetradifon.
- (9) decoupling of oxidative phosphorylation by interruption of the H proton gradient, e.g. G., Chlorfenapyr, binapacryl, dinobutone, dinocap and DNOC.
- (10) Microbial disruptors of insect intestinal membrane, e.g. B. Bacillus thuringiensis strains.
- (11) chitin biosynthesis inhibitors, e.g. B. Benzoylureas, z. Bistrifluron, chlorofluorazuron, diflubenzuron, fluazuron, flucycloxuron, flufenoxuron, hexaflumuron, lufenuron, novaluron, noviflumuron, penfluron, teflubenzuron or triflumuron.
- (12) Buprofezin.
- (13) compounds interrupting moulting, e.g. Cyromazine.
- (14) ecdysone agonists / disruptors, e.g. As diacylhydrazines, such as. Chromafenozide, halofenozide, methoxyfenozide, tebufenozide and fufenozide (JS118); or Azadirachtin.
- (15) Octopaminergic agonists, e.g. B. Amitraz.
- (16) Site III Electron Transport Inhibitor / Site II Electron Transport Inhibitor, e.g. B. hydramethylnone; acequinocyl; fluacrypyrim; or Cyflumetofen and Cyenopyrafen.
- (17) Electron transport inhibitor, e.g. B. Site I electron transport inhibitor from the group of METI acaricides such. Fenazaquin, Fenpyroximate, Pyrimidifen, Pyridaben, Tebufenpyrad, Tolfenpyrad and Rotenone; or voltage-dependent sodium channel blockers, such as. Indoxacarb and metaflumizone.
- (18) fatty acid biosynthesis inhibitors, e.g. B. Tetronsäurederivative, z. Spirodiclofen and spiromesifen; or tetramic acid derivatives, e.g. B. spirotetramat.
- (19) neuronal inhibitor with unknown mechanism of action, e.g. B. Bifenazate.
- (20) ryanodine receptor effectors, e.g. B. diamides, z. B. flubendiamide, (R), (S) -3-chloro-N 1 - {2-methyl-4- [1,2,2,2-tetrafluoro-1- (trifluoromethyl) ethyl] phenyl} -N 2 - (1-methyl-2-methylsulfonylethyl) phthalamide, chlorantraniliprole (Rynaxypyr) or cyantraniliprole (Cyazypyr).
- (21) Further agents with unknown mode of action, eg. B. amidoflumet, benclothiazole, benzoximate, bromopropylate, buprofezin, quinomethionate, chlordimeform, chlorobenzilate, clothiazoben, cycloprene, dicofol, dicyclanil, fenoxacrim, fentrifanil, flubenzimine, flufenerim, flotenzin, gossyplure, japonilurane, metoxadiazone, petroleum, potassium oleate, pyralidyl, sulfluramide, Tetrasul, triarathen or verbutin; or one of the following active substances: 4 - {[(6-bromopyrid-3-yl) methyl] (2-fluoroethyl) amino} furan-2 (5H) -one (known from
), 4 - {[(6-fluoropyrid-3-yl) methyl] (2,2-difluoroethyl) amino} furan-2 (5H) -one (Known fromWO 2007/115644 ), 4 - ([(2-chloro-1,3-thiazol-5-yl) methyl] (2-fluoroethyl) amino} furan-2 (5H) -one (known fromWO 2007/115644 ), 4 - {[(6-chloropyrid-3-yl) methyl] (2-fluoroethyl) amino} furan-2 (5H) -one (known fromWO 2007/115644 ), 4 - {[(6-chloropyrid-3-yl) methyl] (2,2-difluoroethyl) amino} furan-2 (5H) -one is knownWO 2007/115644 ), 4 - {[(6-chloro-5-fluoropyrid-3-yl) methyl] (methyl) amino} furan-2 (5H) -one (known fromWO 2007/115644 ), 4 - {[(5,6-dichloropyrid-3-yl) methyl] (2-fluoroethyl) amino} furan-2 (5H) -one (known fromWO 2007/115643 ), 4 - {[(6-chloro-5-fluoropyrid-3-yl) methyl] (cyclopropyl) amino} furan-2 (5H) -one (known fromWO 2007/115646 ), 4 - {[(6-chloropyrid-3-yl) methyl] (cyclopropyl) amino} furan-2 (5H) -one (known fromWO 2007/115643 ), 4 - {[(6-chloropyrid-3-yl) methyl] (methyl) amino} furan-2 (5H) -one (known fromEP-A-0 539 588 ), [(6-chloropyridin-3-yl) methyl] (methyl) oxido-λ 4 -sulfanylidenecyanoanamide (known fromEP-A-0 539 588 ), [1- (6-chloropyridin-3-yl) ethyl] (methyl) oxido-λ 4 -sulfanylidenecyanoanamide (known fromWO 2007/149134 ) and its diastereomers (A) and (B) (also known fromWO 2007/149134 ), [(6-trifluoromethylpyridin-3-yl) methyl] (methyl) oxido-λ 4 -sulfanylidenecyanoanamide (known fromWO 2007/149134 ) or [1- (6-trifluoromethylpyridin-3-yl) ethyl] (methyl) oxido-λ 4 -sulfanylidenecyanoanamide (known fromWO 2007/095229 ) and its diastereomers (C) and (D), namely sulfoxaflorWO 2007/149134
Besonders bevorzugte Acarizide, Nematizide oder Insektizide als zusätzliche Wirkstoff sind ausgewählt aus der Gruppe bestehend aus Acephat, Chlorpyrifos, Diazion, Dichlorvos, Dimethoat, Fenitrothion, Methamidophos, Methidathion, Methyl-parathion, Monocrotophos, Phorat, Profenofos, Terbufos, Aldicarb, Carbaryl, Carbofuran, Carbosulfan, Methomyl, Thiodicarb, Bifenthrin, Cyfluthrin, Cypermethrin, alpha-Cypermethrin, zeta-Cypermethrin, Deltamethrin, Esfenvalerat, lambda-Cyhalothrin, Permethrin, Tefluthrin, Diflubenzuron, Flufenoxuron, Lufenuron, Teflubenzuron, Spirotetramat; Clothianidin, Dinotefuran, Imidacloprid, Thiamethoxam, Acetamiprid, Thiacloprid; Endosulfan, Fipronil, Abamectin, Emamectin, Spinosad, Spinetoram, Hydramethylnon; Chlorfenapyr; Fenbutatin-oxid, Indoxacarb, Metaflumizon, Flonicamid, Flubendiamid, Chlorantraniliprol, Cyazypyr (HGW86), Cyflumetofen.Especially preferred acaricides, nematicides or insecticides as additional Active substance are selected from the group consisting of Acephate, chlorpyrifos, diazion, dichlorvos, dimethoate, fenitrothion, methamidophos, Methidathion, Methyl parathion, Monocrotophos, Phorate, Profenofos, Terbufos, aldicarb, carbaryl, carbofuran, carbosulfan, methomyl, Thiodicarb, bifenthrin, cyfluthrin, cypermethrin, alpha-cypermethrin, zeta-cypermethrin, deltamethrin, esfenvalerate, lambda-cyhalothrin, Permethrin, tefluthrin, diflubenzuron, flufenoxuron, lufenuron, Teflubenzuron, spirotetramate; Clothianidin, dinotefuran, imidacloprid, Thiamethoxam, acetamiprid, thiacloprid; Endosulfan, fipronil, abamectin, Emamectin, spinosad, spinetoram, hydramethylnone; chlorfenapyr; Fenbutatin oxide, Indoxacarb, Metaflumizone, Flonicamid, Flubendiamid, Chlorantraniliprol, Cyazypyr (HGW86), Cyflumetofen.
Ganz bevorzugte Acarizide, Nematizide oder Insektizide als zusätzliche Wirkstoffe sind ausgewählt aus der Gruppe bestehend aus Thiodicarb, Cyfluthrin, Tefluthrin, Clothianidin, Imidacloprid, Thiamethoxam, Acetamiprid, Thiacloprid; Fipronil, Abamectin, Flubendiamid, Chlorantraniliprol, Cyazypyr.All preferred acaricides, nematicides or insecticides as additional Active ingredients are selected from the group consisting of Thiodicarb, cyfluthrin, tefluthrin, clothianidin, imidacloprid, Thiamethoxam, acetamiprid, thiacloprid; Fipronil, Abamectin, Flubendiamide, Chlorantraniliprole, Cyazypyr.
Fungizide BlattbehandlungFungicidal foliar treatment
Die erfindungsgemäßen Methoden und Zusammensetzungen können für die Bekämpfung der folgenden phytopathogenen Pilze eingesetzt werden.The inventive methods and compositions can fight for the following phytopathogenic fungi are used.
Beispielhaft,
aber nicht begrenzend, seien einige Erreger von pilzlichen Erkrankungen,
die erfindungsgemäß behandelt werden können,
genannt:
Erkrankungen, hervorgerufen durch Erreger des Echten
Mehltaus wie z. B. Blumeria-Arten, wie beispielsweise Blumeria graminis;
Podosphaera-Arten, wie beispielsweise Podosphaera leucotricha; Sphaerotheca-Arten, wie
beispielsweise Sphaerotheca fuliginea; Uncinula-Arten, wie beispielsweise
Uncinula necator;
Erkrankungen, hervorgerufen durch Erreger
von Rostkrankheiten wie z. B. Gymnosporangium-Arten, wie beispielsweise
Gymnosporangium sabinae; Hemileia-Arten, wie beispielsweise Hemileia
vastatrix; Phakopsora-Arten, wie beispielsweise Phakopsora pachyrhizi
und Phakopsora meibomiae; Puccinia-Arten, wie beispielsweise Puccinia
recondita oder Puccinia triticina; Uromyces-Arten, wie beispielsweise
Uromyces appendiculatus;
Erkrankungen, hervorgerufen durch
Erreger der Gruppe der Oomyceten wie z. B. Bremia-Arten, wie beispielsweise
Bremia lactucae; Peronospora-Arten, wie beispielsweise Peronospora
pisi oder P. brassicae; Phytophthora-Arten, wie beispielsweise Phytophthora
infestans; Plasmopara-Arten, wie beispielsweise Plasmopara viticola;
Pseudoperonospora-Arten, wie beispielsweise Pseudoperonospora humuli
oder Pseudoperonospora cubensis; Pythium-Arten, wie beispielsweise
Pythium ultimum; Blattfleckenkrankheiten und Blattwelken, hervorgerufen
durch z. B. Alternaria-Arten, wie beispielsweise Alternaria solani;
Cercospora-Arten, wie beispielsweise Cercospora beticola; Cladiosporum-Arten,
wie beispielsweise Cladiosporium cucumerinum; Cochliobolus-Arten,
wie beispielsweise Cochliobolus sativus (Konidienform: Drechslera,
Syn: Helminthosporium); Colletotrichum-Arten, wie beispielsweise
Colletotrichum lindemuthanium; Cycloconium-Arten, wie beispielsweise Cycloconium
oleaginum; Diaporthe-Arten, wie beispielsweise Diaporthe citri;
Elsinoe-Arten, wie beispielsweise Elsinoe fawcettii; Gloeosporium-Arten,
wie beispielsweise Gloeosporium laeticolor; Glomerella-Arten, wie
beispielsweise Glomerella cingulata; Guignardia-Arten, wie beispielsweise
Guignardia bidwelli; Leptosphaeria-Arten, wie beispielsweise Leptosphaeria
maculans; Magnaporthe-Arten, wie beispielsweise Magnaporthe grisea; Microdochium-Arten,
wie beispielsweise Mic rodochium nivale; Mycosphaerella-Arten, wie
beispielsweise Mycosphaerella graminicola und M. fijiensis; Phaeosphaeria-Arten,
wie beispielsweise Phaeosphaeria nodorum; Pyrenophora-Arten, wie
beispielsweise Pyrenophora teres; Ramularia-Arten, wie beispielsweise
Ramularia collo-cygni; Rhynchosporium-Arten, wie beispielsweise
Rhynchosporium secalis; Septoria-Arten, wie beispielsweise Septoria
apii; Typhula-Arten, wie beispielsweise Typhula incarnata; Venturia-Arten,
wie beispielsweise Venturia inaequalis;
Wurzel- und Stängelkrankheiten,
hervorgerufen durch z. B. Corticium-Arten, wie beispielsweise Corticium
graminearum; Fusarium-Arten, wie beispielsweise Fusarium oxysporum;
Gaeumannomyces-Arten, wie beispielsweise Gaeumannomyces graminis;
Rhizoctonia-Arten, wie beispielsweise Rhizoctonia solani; Tapesia-Arten, wie
beispielsweise Tapesia acuformis; Thielaviopsis-Arten, wie beispielsweise
Thielaviopsis basicola;
Ähren- und Rispenerkrankungen
(inklusive Maiskolben), hervorgerufen durch z. B. Alternaria-Arten,
wie beispielsweise Alternaria spp.; Aspergillus-Arten, wie beispielsweise
Aspergillus flavus; Cladosporium-Arten, wie beispielsweise Cladosporium
cladosporioides; Claviceps-Arten, wie beispielsweise Claviceps purpurea;
Fusarium-Arten, wie beispielsweise Fusarium culmorum; Gibberella-Arten,
wie beispielsweise Gibberella zeae; Monographella-Arten, wie beispielsweise
Monographella nivalis; Septoria-Arten, wie beispielsweise Septoria
nodorum;
Erkrankungen, hervorgerufen durch Brandpilze wie z.
B. Sphacelotheca-Arten, wie beispielsweise Sphacelotheca reiliana;
Tilletia-Arten, wie beispielsweise Tilletia caries, T. controversa;
Urocystis-Arten, wie beispielsweise Urocystis occulta; Ustilago-Arten,
wie beispielsweise Ustilago nuda, U. nuda tritici;
Fruchtfaule
hervorgerufen durch z. B. Aspergillus-Arten, wie beispielsweise
Aspergillus flavus; Botrytis-Arten, wie beispielsweise Botrytis
cinerea; Penicillium-Arten, wie beispielsweise Penicillium expansum
und P. purpurogenum; Sclerotinia-Arten, wie beispielsweise Sclerotinia
sclerotiorum; Verticilium-Arten, wie beispielsweise Verticilium
alboatrum;
Samen- und bodenbürtige Faulen und Welken,
sowie Sämlingserkrankungen, hervorgerufen durch z. B. Fusarium-Arten,
wie beispielsweise Fusarium culmorum; Phytophthora Arten, wie beispielsweise
Phytophthora cactorum; Pythium-Arten, wie beispielsweise Pythium
ultimum; Rhizoctonia-Arten, wie beispielsweise Rhizoctonia solani;
Sclerotium-Arten, wie beispielsweise Sclerotium rolfsii;
Krebserkrankungen,
Gallen und Hexenbesen, hervorgerufen durch z. B. Nectria-Arten,
wie beispielsweise Nectria galligena;
Welkeerkrankungen hervorgerufen
durch z. B. Monilinia-Arten, wie beispielsweise Monilinia laxa;
Deformationen von Blättern, Blüten und Früchten,
hervorgerufen durch z. B. Taphrina-Arten, wie beispielsweise Taphrina deformans;
Degenerationserkrankungen
holziger Pflanzen, hervorgerufen durch z. B. Esca-Arten, wie beispielsweise Phaemoniella
clamydospora und Phaeoacremonium aleophilum und Fomitiporia mediterranes;
Blüten-
und Samenerkrankungen, hervorgerufen durch z. B. Botrytis-Arten,
wie beispielsweise Botrytis cinerea;
Erkrankungen von Pflanzenknollen,
hervorgerufen durch z. B. Rhizoctonia-Arten, wie beispielsweise
Rhizoctonia solani; Helminthosporium-Arten, wie beispielsweise Helminthosporium
solani;
Erkrankungen, hervorgerufen durch bakterielle Erreger
wie z. B. Xanthomonas-Arten, wie beispielsweise Xanthomonas campestris
pv. oryzae; Pseudomonas-Arten, wie beispielsweise Pseudomonas syringae
pv. lachrymans; Erwinia-Arten, wie beispielsweise Erwinia amylovora;
Bevorzugt
können die folgenden Krankheiten von Soja-Bohnen bekämpft
werden:
Pilzkrankheiten an Blättern, Stängeln,
Schoten und Samen verursacht durch z. B. Alternaria leaf spot (Alternaria
spec. atrans tenuissima), Anthracnose (Colletotrichum gloeosporoides
dematium var. truncatum), Brown spot (Septoria glycines), Cercospora
leaf spot and blight (Cercospora kikuchii), Choanephora leaf blight
(Choanephora infundibulifera trispora (Syn.)), Dactuliophora leaf
spot (Dactuliophora glycines), Downy Mildew (Peronospora manshurica),
Drechslers blight (Drechslers glycini), Frogeye Leaf spot (Cercospora
sojina), Leptosphaerulina Leaf Spot (Leptosphaerulina trifolii),
Phyllostica Leaf Spot (Phyllosticta sojaecola), Pod and Stem Blight
(Phomopsis sojae), Powdery Mildew (Microsphaera diffusa), Pyrenochaeta
Leaf Spot (Pyrenochaeta glycines), Rhizoctonia Aerial, Foliage,
and Web Blight (Rhizoctonia solani), Rust (Phakopsora pachyrhizi,
Phakopsora meibomiae), Scab (Sphaceloma glycines), Stemphylium Leaf
Blight (Stemphylium botryosum), Target Spot (Corynespora cassiicola).
Pilzkrankheiten
an Wurzeln und der Stängelbasis verursacht durch z. B.
Black Root Rot (Calonectria crotalariae), Charcoal Rot (Macrophomina
phaseolina), Fusarium Blight or Wilt, Root Rot, and Pod and Collar
Rot (Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium orthoceras, Fusarium semitectum,
Fusarium equiseti), Mycoleptodiscus Root Rot (Mycoleptodiscus terrestris),
Neocosmospora (Neocosmopspora vasinfecta), Pod and Stem Blight (Diaporthe
phaseolorum), Stem Canker (Diaporthe phaseolorum var. caulivora),
Phytophthora Rot (Phytophthora megasperma), Brown Stem Rot (Phialophora
gregata), Pythium Rot (Pythium aphanidermatum, Pythium irregulare,
Pythium debaryanum, Pythium myriotylum, Pythium ultimum), Rhizoctonia
Root Rot, Stem Decay, and Damping-Off (Rhizoctonia solani), Sclerotinia
Stem Decay (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum), Sclerotinia Southern Blight
(Sclerotinia rolfsii), Thielaviopsis Root Rot (Thielaviopsis basicola).By way of example, but not by way of limitation, some pathogens of fungal diseases which can be treated according to the invention are named:
Diseases caused by pathogens of powdery mildew such. B. Blumeria species, such as Blumeria graminis; Podosphaera species, such as Podosphaera leucotricha; Sphaerotheca species, such as Sphaerotheca fuliginea; Uncinula species, such as Uncinula necator;
Diseases caused by pathogens of rust diseases such. B. Gymnosporangium species, such as Gymnosporangium sabinae; Hemileia species, such as Hemileia vastatrix; Phakopsora species such as Phakopsora pachyrhizi and Phakopsora meibomiae; Puccinia species, such as Puccinia recondita or Puccinia triticina; Uromyces species, such as Uromyces appendiculatus;
Diseases caused by pathogens of the group of Oomycetes such. B. Bremia species such as Bremia lactucae; Peronospora species such as Peronospora pisi or P. brassicae; Phytophthora species, such as Phytophthora infestans; Plasmopara species, such as Plasmopara viticola; Pseudoperonospora species, such as, for example, Pseudoperonospora humuli or Pseudoperonospora cubensis; Pythium species such as Pythium ultimum; Leaf spot diseases and leaf withering, caused by e.g. Alternaria species, such as Alternaria solani; Cercospora species, such as Cercospora beticola; Cladiosporum species, such as Cladiosporium cucumerinum; Cochliobolus species, such as Cochliobolus sativus (conidia form: Drechslera, Syn: Helminthosporium); Colletotrichum species, such as Colletotrichum lindemuthanium; Cycloconium species such as cycloconium oleaginum; Diaporthe species, such as Diaporthe citri; Elsinoe species, such as Elsinoe fawcettii; Gloeosporium species, such as, for example, Gloeosporium laeticolor; Glomerella species, as in For example, Glomerella cingulata; Guignardia species, such as Guignardia bidwelli; Leptosphaeria species, such as Leptosphaeria maculans; Magnaporthe species, such as Magnaporthe grisea; Microdochium species such as Mic rodochium nivale; Mycosphaerella species, such as Mycosphaerella graminicola and M. fijiensis; Phaeosphaeria species, such as Phaeosphaeria nodorum; Pyrenophora species, such as, for example, Pyrenophora teres; Ramularia species, such as Ramularia collo-cygni; Rhynchosporium species, such as Rhynchosporium secalis; Septoria species, such as Septoria apii; Typhula species, such as Typhula incarnata; Venturia species, such as Venturia inaequalis;
Root and stem diseases, caused by z. Corticium species such as Corticium graminearum; Fusarium species such as Fusarium oxysporum; Gaeumannomyces species such as Gaeumannomyces graminis; Rhizoctonia species, such as Rhizoctonia solani; Tapesia species, such as Tapesia acuformis; Thielaviopsis species, such as Thielaviopsis basicola;
Ear and panicle diseases (including corncob), caused by z. Alternaria species such as Alternaria spp .; Aspergillus species, such as Aspergillus flavus; Cladosporium species, such as Cladosporium cladosporioides; Claviceps species, such as Claviceps purpurea; Fusarium species such as Fusarium culmorum; Gibberella species, such as Gibberella zeae; Monographella species, such as Monographella nivalis; Septoria species such as Septoria nodorum;
Diseases caused by fire fungi such. Sphacelotheca species, such as Sphacelotheca reiliana; Tilletia species such as Tilletia caries, T. controversa; Urocystis species, such as Urocystis occulta; Ustilago species such as Ustilago nuda, U. nuda tritici;
Fruit rot caused by z. Aspergillus species, such as Aspergillus flavus; Botrytis species, such as Botrytis cinerea; Penicillium species such as Penicillium expansum and P. purpurogenum; Sclerotinia species, such as Sclerotinia sclerotiorum; Verticilium species such as Verticilium alboatrum;
Seed and soil borne rots and wilting, and seedling diseases, caused by z. Fusarium species such as Fusarium culmorum; Phytophthora species, such as Phytophthora cactorum; Pythium species such as Pythium ultimum; Rhizoctonia species, such as Rhizoctonia solani; Sclerotium species, such as Sclerotium rolfsii;
Cancers, galls and witches brooms, caused by z. Nectria species, such as Nectria galligena;
Wilt diseases caused by z. Monilinia species such as Monilinia laxa; Deformations of leaves, flowers and fruits, caused by z. B. Taphrina species, such as Taphrina deformans;
Degenerative diseases woody plants, caused by z. B. Esca species such as Phaemoniella clamydospora and Phaeoacremonium aleophilum and Fomitiporia mediterranes;
Flower and seed diseases, caused by z. B. Botrytis species, such as Botrytis cinerea;
Diseases of plant tubers caused by e.g. Rhizoctonia species, such as Rhizoctonia solani; Helminthosporium species, such as Helminthosporium solani;
Diseases caused by bacterial pathogens such. Xanthomonas species, such as Xanthomonas campestris pv. Oryzae; Pseudomonas species, such as Pseudomonas syringae pv. Lachrymans; Erwinia species, such as Erwinia amylovora;
Preferably, the following diseases of soybean beans can be controlled:
Fungal diseases on leaves, stems, pods and seeds caused by z. Anthracnose (Colletotrichum gloeosporoides dematium var. Truncatum), Brown spot (Septoria glycines), Cercospora leaf spot and blight (Cercospora kikuchii), Choanephora leaf blight (Choanephora infundibulifera trispora (Syn. ), Dactuliophora leaf spot (Dactuliophora glycines), Downy Mildew (Peronospora manshurica), Drechslers blight (Drechslers glycini), Frogeye leaf spot (Cercospora sojina), Leptosphaerulina leaf spot (Leptosphaerulina trifolii), Phyllostica leaf spot (Phyllosticta sojaecola), Pod Powdery Mildew (Microsphaera diffusa), Pyrenochaeta Leaf Spot (Pyrenochaeta glycines), Rhizoctonia Aerial, Foliage, and Web Blight (Rhizoctonia solani), Rust (Phakopsora pachyrhizi, Phakopsora meibomiae), Scab (Sphaceloma glycines) and Stem Blight (Phomopsis sojae). , Stemphylium Leaf Blight (Stemphylium botryosum), Target Spot (Corynespora cassiicola).
Fungal diseases on roots and the stem base caused by z. B. Black Root Red (Calonectria crotalariae), Charcoal Red (Macrophomina phaseolina), Fusarium Blight or Wilt, Root Red, and Pod and Collar Red (Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium orthoceras, Fusarium semitectum, Fusarium equiseti), Mycoleptodiscus Root Red (Mycoleptodiscus terrestris ), Neocosmospora (Neocosmopspora vasinfecta), Pod and Stem Blight (Diaporthe phaseolorum), Stem Canker (Diaporthe phaseolorum var. Caulivora), Phytophthora red (Phytophthora megasperma), Brown Stem red (Phialophora gregata), Pythium red (Pythium aphanidermatum, Pythium mistaken gular, Pythium debaryanum, Pythium myriotylum, Pythium ultimum), Rhizoctonia Root Red, Stem Decay, and Damping Off (Rhizoctonia solani), Sclerotinia Stem Decay (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum), Sclerotinia Southern Blight (Sclerotinia rolfsii), Thielaviopsis Root Red (Thielaviopsis basicola ).
Als Mikroorganismen, die einen Abbau oder eine Veränderung der technischen Materialien bewirken können, seien beispielsweise Bakterien, Pilze, Hefen, Algen und Schleimorganismen genannt. Vorzugsweise wirken die erfindungsgemäßen Wirkstoffe gegen Pilze, insbesondere Schimmelpilze, Holz verfärbende und Holz zerstörende Pilze (Basidiomyceten) sowie gegen Schleimorganismen und Algen. Es seien beispielsweise Mikroorganismen der folgenden Gattungen genannt: Alternaria, wie Alternaria tenuis; Aspergillus, wie Aspergillus niger; Chaetomium, wie Chaetomium globosum; Coniophora, wie Coniophora puetana; Lentinus, wie Lentinus tigrinus; Penicillium, wie Penicillium glaucum; Polyporus, wie Polyporus versicolor; Aureobasidium, wie Aureobasidium pullulans; Scle rophoma, wie Sclerophoma pityophila; Trichoderma, wie Trichoderma viride; Escherichia, wie Escherichia coli; Pseudomonas, wie Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Staphylococcus, wie Staphylococcus aureus.When Microorganisms that cause a breakdown or a change can cause the technical materials are, for example Bacteria, fungi, yeasts, algae and mucus organisms called. Preferably act the active compounds according to the invention against fungi, especially molds, wood discoloring and wood destroying Fungi (Basidiomycetes) as well as against slime organisms and algae. They are, for example, microorganisms of the following genera called: Alternaria, such as Alternaria tenuis; Aspergillus, such as Aspergillus Niger; Chaetomium, like Chaetomium globosum; Coniophora, like Coniophora puetana; Lentinus, like Lentinus tigrinus; Penicillium, like Penicillium glaucum; Polyporus, such as Polyporus versicolor; Aureobasidium, like Aureobasidium pullulans; Scleophoma, such as Sclerophoma pityophila; Trichoderma, such as Trichoderma viride; Escherichia, like Escherichia coli; Pseudomonas, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Staphylococcus, like Staphylococcus aureus.
Vorzugsweise wird Prothioconazole als Zusammensetzung, die zusätzlich noch einen landwirtschaftlich annehmbaren Träger, Hilfsmittel oder Füllstoff umfasst.Preferably will prothioconazole as a composition, in addition still an agriculturally acceptable vehicle, resource or filler.
Erfindungsgemäß bedeutet der Ausdruck „Träger” eine natürliche oder synthetische, organische oder anorganische Verbindung, mit der der Wirkstoff der Formel (I) kombiniert oder zusammengegeben wird, um dessen Ausbringung, insbesondere auf die Pflanzenteile, einfacher zu gestalten. Dieser Träger ist daher im Allgemeinen inert und sollte landwirtschaftlich annehmbar sein. Bei dem Träger kann es sich um einen Feststoff oder eine Flüssigkeit handeln. Zu Beispielen für geeignete Träger zählen Tone, natürlich oder synthetische Silikate, Siliziumdioxid, Harze, Wachse, feste Dünger, Wasser, Alkohole, insbesondere Butanol, organische Lösungsmittel, mineralische und pflanzliche Öle und deren Derivate. Es können auch Mischungen dieser Träger verwendet werden.According to the invention the term "carrier" is a natural one or synthetic, organic or inorganic compound, with the active ingredient of formula (I) combined or combined in order to ensure its application, in particular to plant parts, easier to design. This carrier is therefore generally inert and should be agriculturally acceptable. At the carrier it can be a solid or a liquid. Examples of suitable carriers include Clays, natural or synthetic silicates, silicon dioxide, Resins, waxes, solid fertilizers, water, alcohols, in particular Butanol, organic solvents, mineral and vegetable oils and their derivatives. It is also possible to use mixtures of these carriers be used.
Die erfindungsgemäße Zusammensetzung kann noch weitere Komponenten umfassen. Insbesondere kann die Zusammensetzung weiterhin ein Tensid umfassen. Be idem Tensid kann es sich um einen Emulgator, ein Dispergiermittel oder ein ionogenes oder nicht-ionogenes Netzmittel oder um eine Mischung von solchen Tensiden handeln. Zu erwähnen wären z. B. Polyacrylsäuresalze, Lignosulfonsäuresalze, Phenolsulfon- oder Naphthalinesulfonsäuresalze, Polykondensate von Ethylenoxid mit Fettalkoholen oder mit Fettsäuren oder mit Fettaminen, substituierte Phenole (insbesondere Alkylphenole oder Arylphenole), Salze von Sulphobernsteinsäureestern, Taurin-Derivative (insbesondere Alkyltaurate), Phosphorsäureester von polyoxyethylierten Alkoholen oder Phenolen, Fettsäureester von Polyolen, sowie Derivate der vorliegenden Verbindungen mit Sulfat, Sulfonat- und Phosphatfunktionen. Das Vorhandensein von mindestens einem Tensid ist im Allgemeinen dann notwendig, wenn der Wirkstoff und/oder der inerte Träger wasserunlöslich sind und wenn es sich bei dem Vehicle für die Ausbringung um Wasser handelt. Vorzugsweise kann der Tensidgehalt von 5 bis 40 Gewichtsprozent der Zusammensetzung umfassen.The Composition according to the invention can still further Components include. In particular, the composition may continue include a surfactant. Be idem surfactant may be an emulsifier, a Dispersant or an ionic or non-ionic wetting agent or a mixture of such surfactants. To mention would be z. B. polyacrylic acid salts, Lignosulfonsäuresalze, Phenolsulfone or naphthalenesulfonic acid salts, polycondensates of ethylene oxide with fatty alcohols or with fatty acids or with fatty amines, substituted phenols (especially alkylphenols or arylphenols), salts of sulphosuccinic acid esters, Taurine derivatives (especially alkyl taurates), phosphoric acid esters of polyoxyethylated alcohols or phenols, fatty acid esters of polyols, as well as derivatives of the present compounds with sulfate, sulfonate and phosphate functions. The presence of at least one surfactant is generally necessary if the active substance and / or the inert carriers are water insoluble and if it is the vehicle for the application is water. Preferably, the surfactant content of 5 to 40 weight percent of the composition.
Es können Farbstoffe wie anorganische Pigmente, z. B. Eisenoxid, Titanoxid, Ferrocyanblau, sowie organische Farbstoffe wie Alizarin-, Azo- und Metallophthalocyanin-Farbstoffe sowie Spurenelemente wie Eisen-, Mangan-, Bor-, Kupfer-, Kobalt-, Molybdän- und Zinksalze verwendet werden.It For example, dyes such as inorganic pigments, e.g. Iron oxide, Titanium oxide, ferrocyan blue, as well as organic dyes such as alizarin, Azo and metallophthalocyanine dyes and trace elements such as Iron, manganese, boron, copper, cobalt, molybdenum and Zinc salts are used.
Gegebenenfalls können noch weitere Bestandteile mit verwendet werden, z. B. Schutzkolloide, Haftmittel, Verdickungsmittel, Thixotropierungsmittel, Penetrationsförderer, Stabilisatoren, Sequestriermittel. Allgemeiner Ausgedrückt können die Wirkstoffe mit beliebigen festen oder flüssigen Zusatzstoffen, die den üblichen Formulierungstechniken entsprechen, kombiniert werden.Possibly can be used with other ingredients, z. B. protective colloids, adhesives, thickeners, thixotropic agents, Penetration promoters, stabilizers, sequestering agents. More generally, the active ingredients with any solid or liquid additives that the usual formulation techniques, combined become.
Im Allgemeinen kann die erfindungsgemäße Zusammensetzung 0,05 bis 99 Gewichtsprozent Wirkstoffe, vorzugsweise 10 bis 70 Gewichtsprozent enthalten.in the In general, the composition of the invention 0.05 to 99% by weight of active ingredients, preferably 10 to 70% by weight contain.
Die erfindungsgemäße Kombination oder Zusammensetzung kann als solche, in Form ihrer Formulierungen oder in Form der damit hergestellten Anwendungsformen verwendet werden, wie als Aerosol-Dispenser, Kapselsuspension, Kaltvernebelungskonzentrat, Stäubemittel, emulgierbares Konzentrat, Öl-in-Wasser-Emulsion, Wasser-in-Öl-Emulsion, Kapselgranulat, Feingranulat, Suspensionsbeize, Gas (in Druckpackung), gaserzeugendes Produkt, Granulat, Heißvernebelungsmittel, Makrogranulat, Mikrogranulat, öldispergierbares Pulver, ölmischbares Mehrphasenkonzentrat, ölmischbare Lösung, Paste, Pflanzenstäbchen, Trockenbeize, pilliertes Saatgut, wasserlösliches Konzentrat, wasserlösliches Pulver, Feuchtbeize, Suspensionskonzentrat (fließfähiges Konzentrat), ULV-Lösung, ULV-Suspension, wasserdispergierbares Granulat bzw. wasserdispergierbare Tabletten, Schlämmbeize, wasserlösliches Granulat bzw. wasserlösliche Tabletten, Nassbeize und Spritzpulver.The combination or composition according to the invention can be used as such, in the form of its formulations or in the form of application forms produced therewith, such as aerosol dispensers, capsule suspensions, cold fogging concentrate, dusts, emulsifiable concentrate, oil-in-water emulsion, water-in-solution. Oil emulsion, capsule granules, fine granules, suspension pickle, gas (in pressure pack), gas generating product, granules, hot misting agent, macrogranulate, microgranulate, oil dispersible powder, oil miscible multiphase concentrate, oil miscible solution, paste, plant sticks, dry pickle, pilled seed, water soluble concentrate, water soluble powder , Wet pickling, suspension concentrate (flowable concentrate), ULV solution, ULV suspension, water-dispersible granules or water-dispersible tablets, slurry pickling, water-soluble granules or water-soluble tablets, wet pickling and spray powder.
Die Behandlung von Pflanzen und Pflanzenteilen mit der erfindungsgemäßen Wirkstoffkombination erfolgt direkt oder durch Einwirken auf ihre Umwelt, ihren Lebensraum oder ihre Lager unter Einsatz der üblichen Behandlungsmethoden, z. B. durch Gießen (Drenching), Tröpfchenbewässerung, Spritzen, Sprühen, Streuen, Stäuben, Schäumen, Auftragen sowie als Trockenbeize, Feuchtbeize, Nassbeize, Schlämmbeize oder durch Inkrustieren.The Treatment of plants and parts of plants with the inventive Active ingredient combination takes place directly or by acting on their The environment, their habitat or their livestock using the usual methods of treatment, z. B. by pouring (drenching), drip irrigation, Spraying, spraying, spreading, dusts, foaming, Apply as well as dry pickle, damp pickle, wet pickle, slurry stain or by encrusting.
Diese Zusammensetzungen beinhalten nicht nur Zusammensetzungen, die bereit sind, um auf die zu behandelnde Pflanze bzw. das zu behandelnde Saatgut mittels eines geeigneten Geräts, wie ein Spritzgerät oder Stäubegerät, aufgetragen zu werden, sondern auch konzentrierte im Handel erhältliche Zusammensetzungen, die vor Ausbringung auf die Kulturpflanze verdünnt werden müssen.These Compositions not only include compositions that are ready are to be applied to the plant to be treated or the treated Seed by means of a suitable device, such as a sprayer or Dusting machine to be applied, but also concentrated commercially available compositions, which are diluted before application to the crop have to.
Die Wirkstoffe in der erfindungsgemäßen Zusammensetzung weisen eine starke mikrobizide Wirksamkeit auf und können für die Bekämpfung von unerwünschten Mikroorganismen wie Pilzen oder Bakterien im Pflanzenschutz oder im Materialschutz eingesetzt werden.The Active ingredients in the composition according to the invention have strong microbicidal activity and can for combating unwanted Microorganisms such as fungi or bacteria in crop protection or be used in the protection of materials.
Bei der erfindungsgemäßen Zusammensetzung können Fungizide im Pflanzenschutz z. B. für die Bekämpfung von Plasmodiophoromycetes, Oomycetes, Chytridiomycetes, Zygomycetes, Ascomycetes, Basidiomycetes und Deuteromycetes eingesetzt werden.at the composition of the invention can Fungicides in crop protection z. B. for the fight by Plasmodiophoromycetes, Oomycetes, Chytridiomycetes, Zygomycetes, Ascomycetes, Basidiomycetes and Deuteromycetes.
Bei der erfindungsgemäßen Zusammensetzung können bakterizide Verbindungen im Pflanzenschutz z. B. für die Bekämpfung von Pseudomonadaceae, Rhizobiaceae, Enterobacteriaceae, Corynebacteriaceae und Streptomycetaceae eingesetzt werden.at the composition of the invention can bactericidal compounds in crop protection z. B. for the Control of Pseudomonadaceae, Rhizobiaceae, Enterobacteriaceae, Corynebacteriaceae and Streptomycetaceae.
Die erfindungsgemäße Fungizidzusammensetzung kann für die kurative oder präventive Bekämpfung von phytopathogenen Pilzen und/oder Mikroorganismen von Pflanzen, darunter auch Kulturpflanzen, eingesetzt werden. Gemäß einem weiteren Aspekt der Erfindung wird daher ein Verfahren für die ku rative oder präventive Bekämpfung von phytopathogenen Pilzen und/oder Mikroorganismen von Pflanzen, darunter auch Kulturpflanzen, bereitgestellt, bei dem eine erfindungsgemäße Fungizidzusammensetzung durch Ausbringen auf das Saatgut, die Pflanze oder die Frucht der Pflanze oder den Boden, in dem die Pflanze wächst oder wachsen soll, verwendet.The Fungicide composition according to the invention for curative or preventive control of phytopathogenic fungi and / or microorganisms of plants, including also cultivated plants. According to one Another aspect of the invention is therefore a method for the preventive or preventive control of phytopathogenic Fungi and / or microorganisms of plants, including crops, provided in which a inventive Fungicide composition by application to the seed, the plant or the fruit of the plant or the soil in which the plant grows or to grow, used.
Insektizide BlattbehandlungInsecticidal foliage treatment
Die
erfindungsgemäßen Methoden und Zusammensetzungen
können für die Bekämpfung der folgenden
tierischen Schädlinge eingesetzt werden.
Aus der Ordnung
der Anoplura (Phthiraptera), z. B. Damalinia spp., Haematopinus
spp., Linognathus spp., Pediculus spp., Trichodectes spp.
Aus
der Klasse der Arachnida, z. B. Acarus siro, Aceria sheldoni, Aculops
spp., Aculus spp., Amblyomma spp., Argas spp., Boophilus spp., Brevipalpus
spp., Bryobia praetiosa, Chorioptes spp., Dermanyssus gallinae,
Eotetranychus spp., Epitrimerus pyri, Eutetranychus spp., Eriophyes
spp., Hemitarsonemus spp., Hyalomma spp., Ixodes spp., Latrodectus
mactans, Metatetranychus spp., Oligonychus spp., Ornithodoros spp.,
Panonychus spp., Phyllocoptruta oleivora, Polyphagotarsonemus latus,
Psoroptes spp., Rhipicephalus spp., Rhizoglyphus spp., Sarcoptes
spp., Scorpio maurus, Stenotarsonemus spp., Tarsonemus spp., Tetranychus
spp., Vasates lycopersici.
Aus der Klasse der Bivalva, z. B.
Dreissena spp.
Aus der Ordnung Chilopoda, z. B. Geophilus spp.,
Scutigera spp.
Aus der Ordnung der Coleoptera, z. B. Acanthoscelides
obtectus, Adoretus spp., Agelastica alni, Agriotes spp., Amphimallon
solstitialis, Anobium punctatum, Anoplophora spp., Anthonomus spp.,
Anthrenus spp., Apogonia spp., Atomaria spp., Attagenus spp., Bruchidius
obtectus, Bruchus spp., Ceuthorhynchus spp., Cleonus mendicus, Conoderus
spp., Cosmopolites spp., Costelytra zealandica, Curculio spp., Cryptorhynchus
lapathi, Dermestes spp., Diabrotica spp., Epilachna spp., Faustinus
cubae, Gibbium psylloides, Heteronychus arator, Hylamorpha elegans,
Hylotrupes bajulus, Hypera postica, Hypothenemus spp., Lachnosterna
consanguinea, Leptinotarsa decemlineata, Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus,
Lixus spp., Lyctus spp., Meligethes aeneus, Melolontha melolontha,
Migdolus spp., Monochamus spp., Naupactus xanthographus, Niptus
hololeucus, Oryctes rhinoceros, Oryzaephilus surinamensis, Otiorrhynchus
sulcatus, Oxycetonia jucunda, Phaedon cochleariae, Phyllophaga spp.,
Popillia japonica, Premnotrypes spp., Psylliodes chrysocephala,
Ptinus spp., Rhizobius ventralis, Rhizopertha dominica, Sitophilus
spp., Sphenophorus spp., Sternechus spp., Symphyletes spp., Tenebrio
molitor, Tribolium spp., Trogoderma spp., Tychius spp., Xylotrechus
spp., Zabrus spp.
Aus der Ordnung der Collembola, z. B. Onychiurus
armatus.
Aus der Ordnung der the Dermaptera, z. B. Forficula
auricularia.
Aus der Ordnung der Diplopoda, z. B. Blaniulus
guttulatus.
Aus der Ordnung der Diptera, z. B. Aedes spp.,
Anopheles spp., Bibio hortulanus, Calliphora erythrocephala, Ceratitis
capitata, Chrysomyia spp., Cochliomyia spp., Cordylobia anthropophaga,
Culex spp., Cuterebra spp., Dacus oleae, Dermatobia hominis, Drosophila
spp., Fannia spp., Gastrophilus spp., Hylemyia spp., Hyppobosca
spp., Hypoderma spp., Liriomyza spp., Lucilia spp., Musca spp.,
Nezara spp., Oestrus spp., Oscinella frit, Pegomyia hyoscyami, Phorbia
spp., Stomoxys spp., Tabanus spp., Tannia spp., Tipula paludosa,
Wohlfahrtia spp.
Aus der Klasse der Gastropoda, z. B. Arion
spp., Biomphalaria spp., Bulinus spp., Deroceras spp., Galba spp., Lymnaea
spp., Oncomelania spp., Succinea spp.
Aus der Klasse der Helminthen,
z. B. Ancylostoma duodenale, Ancylostoma ceylanicum, Acylostoma
braziliensis, Ancylostoma spp., Ascaris lubricoides, Ascaris spp.,
Brugia malayi, Brugia timori, Bunostomum spp., Chabertia spp., Clonorchis
spp., Cooperia spp., Dicrocoelium spp, Dictyocaulus filaria, Diphyllobothrium
latum, Dracunculus medinensis, Echinococcus granulosus, Echinococcus
multilocularis, Enterobius vermicularis, Faciola spp., Haemonchus
spp., Heterakis spp., Hymenolepis nana, Hyostrongulus spp., Loa
Loa, Nematodirus spp., Oesophagostomum spp., Opisthorchis spp.,
Onchocerca volvulus, Ostertagia spp., Paragonimus spp., Schistosomen
spp., Strongyloides fuelleborni, Strongyloides stercoralis, Stronyloides
spp., Taenia saginata, Taenia solium, Trichinella spiralis, Trichinella
nativa, Trichinella britovi, Trichinella nelsoni, Trichinella pseudopsiralis,
Trichostrongulus spp., Trichuris trichuria, Wuchereria bancrofti.
Weiterhin
können Protozoen wie Eimenia bekämpft werden.
Aus
der Ordnung der Heteroptera, z. B. Anasa tristis, Antestiopsis spp.,
Blissus spp., Calocoris spp., Campylomma livida, Cavelerius spp.,
Cimex spp., Creontiades dilutus, Dasynus piperis, Dichelops furcatus,
Diconocoris hewetti, Dysdercus spp., Euschistus spp., Eurygaster
spp., Heliopeltis spp., Horcias nobilellus, Leptocorisa spp., Leptoglossus
phyllopus, Lygus spp., Macropes excavatus, Miridae, Nezara spp.,
Oebalus spp., Pentomidae, Piesma quadrata, Piezodorus spp., Psallus
seriatus, Pseudacysta persea, Rhodnius spp., Sahlbergella singularis,
Scotinophora spp., Stephanitis nashi, Tibraca spp., Triatoma spp.
Aus
der Ordnung der Homoptera, z. B. Acyrthosipon spp., Aeneolamia spp.,
Agonoscena spp., Aleurodes spp., Aleurolobus barodensis, Aleurothrixus
spp., Amrasca spp., Anuraphis cardui, Aonidiella spp., Aphanostigma piri,
Aphis spp., Arboridia apicalis, Aspidiella spp., Aspidiotus spp.,
Atanus spp., Aulacorthum solani, Bemisia spp., Brachycaudus helichrysii,
Brachycolus spp., Brevicoryne brassicae, Calligypona marginata,
Carneocephala fulgida, Ceratovacuna lanigera, Cercopidae, Ceroplastes
spp., Chaetosiphon fragaefolii, Chionaspis tegalensis, Chlorita
onukii, Chromaphis juglandicola, Chrysomphalus ficus, Cicadulina
mbila, Coccomytilus halli, Coccus spp., Cryptomyzus ribis, Dalbulus
spp., Dialeurodes spp., Diaphorina spp., Diaspis spp., Doralis spp., Drosicha
spp., Dysaphis spp., Dysmicoccus spp., Empoasca spp., Eriosoma spp.,
Erythroneura spp., Euscelis bilobatus, Geococcus coffeae, Homalodisca
coagulata, Hyalopterus arundinis, Icerya spp., Idiocerus spp., Idioscopus
spp., Laodelphax striatellus, Lecanium spp., Lepidosaphes spp.,
Lipaphis erysimi, Macrosiphum spp., Mahanarva fimbriolata, Melanaphis
sacchari, Metcalfiella spp., Metopolophium dirhodum, Monellia costalis, Monelliopsis
pecanis, Myzus spp., Nasonovia ribisnigri, Nephotettix spp., Nilaparvata
lu gens, Oncometopia spp., Orthezia praelonga, Parabemisia myricae,
Paratrioza spp., Parlatoria spp., Pemphigus spp., Peregrinus maidis,
Phenacoccus spp., Phloeomyzus passerinii, Phorodon humuli, Phylloxera
spp., Pinnaspis aspidistrae, Planococcus spp., Protopulvinaria pyriformis,
Pseudaulacaspis pentagona, Pseudococcus spp., Psylla spp., Pteromalus
spp., Pyrilla spp., Quadraspidiotus spp., Quesada gigas, Rastrococcus
spp., Rhopalosiphum spp., Saissetia spp., Scaphoides titanus, Schizaphis
graminum, Selenaspidus articulatus, Sogata spp., Sogatella furcifera,
Sogatodes spp., Stictocephala festina, Tenalaphara malayensis, Tinocallis
caryaefoliae, Tomaspis spp., Toxoptera spp., Trialeurodes vaporariorum,
Trioza spp., Typhlocyba spp., Unaspis spp., Viteus vitifolii.
Aus
der Ordnung der Hymenoptera, z. B. Diprion spp., Hoplocampa spp.,
Lasius spp., Monomorium pharaonis, Vespa spp.
Aus der Ordnung
der Isopoda, z. B. Armadillidium vulgare, Oniscus asellus, Porcellio
scaber.
Aus der Ordnung der Isoptera, z. B. Reticulitermes
spp., Odontotermes spp.
Aus der Ordnung der Lepidoptera, z.
B. Acronicta major, Aedia leucomelas, Agrotis spp., Alabama argillacea, Anticarsia
spp., Barathra brassicae, Bucculatrix thurberiella, Bupalus piniarius,
Cacoecia podana, Capua reticulana, Carpocapsa pomonella, Cheimatobia
brumata, Chilo spp., Choristoneura fumiferana, Clysia ambiguella,
Cnaphalocerus spp., Earias insulana, Ephestia kuehniella, Euproctis
chrysorrhoea, Euxoa spp., Feltia spp., Galleria mellonella, Helicoverpa
spp., Heliothis spp., Hofmannophila pseudospretella, Homona magnanima,
Hyponomeuta padella, Laphygma spp., Lithocolletis blancardella,
Lithophane antennata, Loxagrotis albicosta, Lymantria spp., Malacosoma
neustria, Mamestra brassicae, Mocis repanda, Mythimna separata,
Oria spp., Oulema oryzae, Panolis flammea, Pectinophora gossypiella,
Phyllocnistis citrella, Pieris spp., Plutella xylostella, Prodenia
spp., Pseudaletia spp., Pseudoplusia includens, Pyrausta nubilalis,
Spodoptera spp., Thermesia gemmatalis, Tinea pellionella, Tineola
bisselliella, Tortrix viridana, Trichoplusia spp.
Aus der Ordnung
der Orthoptera, z. B. Acheta domesticus, Blatta orientalis, Blattella
germanica, Gryllotalpa spp., Leucophaea maderae, Locusta spp., Melanoplus
spp., Periplaneta americana, Schistocerca gregaria.
Aus der
Ordnung der Siphonaptera, z. B. Ceratophyllus spp., Xenopsylla cheopis.
Aus
der Ordnung der Symphyla, z. B. Scutigerella immaculata.
Aus
der Ordnung der Thysanoptera, z. B. Baliothrips biformis, Enneothrips
flavens, Frankliniella spp., Heliothrips spp., Hercinothrips femoralis,
Kakothrips spp., Rhipiphorothrips cruentatus, Scirtothrips spp.,
Taeniothrips cardamoni, Thrips spp.
Aus der Ordnung der Thysanura,
z. B. Lepisma saccharina.
Zu den pflanzenparasitären
Nematoden zählen z. B. Anguina spp., Aphelenchoides spp.,
Belonoaimus spp., Bursaphelenchus spp., Ditylenchus dipsaci, Globodera
spp., Heliocotylenchus spp., Heterodera spp., Longidorus spp., Meloidogyne
spp., Pratylenchus spp., Radopholus similis, Rotylenchus spp., Trichodorus
spp., Tylenchorhynchus spp., Tylenchulus spp., Tylenchulus semipenetrans,
Xiphinema spp.The methods and compositions according to the invention can be used for controlling the following animal pests.
From the order of the Anoplura (Phthiraptera), z. Damalinia spp., Haematopinus spp., Linognathus spp., Pediculus spp., Trichodectes spp.
From the class of Arachnida, z. Acarus siro, Aceria sheldoni, Aculops spp., Aculus spp., Amblyomma spp., Argas spp., Boophilus spp., Brevipalpus spp., Bryobia praetiosa, Chorioptes spp., Dermanyssus gallinae, Eotetranychus spp., Epitrimerus pyri, Eutetranychus Spp., Eriophyes spp., Hemitarsonemus spp., Hyalomma spp., Ixodes spp., Latrodectus mactans, Metatetranychus spp., Oligonychus spp., Ornithodoros spp., Panonychus spp., Phyllocoptruta oleivora, Polyphagotarsonemus latus, Psoroptes spp., Rhipicephalus spp , Rhizoglyphus spp., Sarcoptes spp., Scorpio maurus, Stenotarsonemus spp., Tarsonemus spp., Tetranychus spp., Vasates lycopersici.
From the class of Bivalva, z. B. Dreissena spp.
From the order Chilopoda, z. Geophilus spp., Scutigera spp.
From the order of Coleoptera, z. Acanthoscelides obtectus, Adoretus spp., Agelastica alni, Agriotes spp., Amphimallon solstitialis, Anobium punctatum, Anoplophora spp., Anthonomus spp., Anthrenus spp., Apogonia spp., Atomaria spp., Attagenus spp., Bruchidius obtectus, Bruchus Spp., Ceuthorhynchus spp., Cleonus mendicus, Conoderus spp., Cosmopolites spp., Costelytra zealandica, Curculio spp., Cryptorhynchus lapathi, Dermestes spp., Diabrotica spp., Epilachna spp., Faustinus cubae, Gibbium psylloides, Heteronychus arator, Hylamorpha elegans, Hylotrupes bajulus, Hypera postica, Hypothenemus spp., Lachnosterna consanguinea, Leptinotarsa decemlineata, Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus, Lixus spp., Lyctus spp., Meligethes aeneus, Melolontha melolontha, Migdolus spp., Monochamus spp., Naupactus xanthographus, Niptus hololeucus, Oryctes rhinoceros, Oryzaephilus surinamensis, Otiorrhynchus sulcatus, Oxycetonia jucunda, Phaedon cochleariae, Phyllophaga spp., Popillia japonica, Premnotrypes spp., Psylliodes chrysocephala, Ptinus spp. , Rhizobius ventralis, Rhizopertha dominica, Sitophilus spp., Sphenophorus spp., Starchus spp., Symphyletes spp., Tenebrio mo litor, Tribolium spp., Trogoderma spp., Tychius spp., Xylotrechus spp., Zabrus spp.
From the order of Collembola, z. B. Onychiurus armatus.
From the order of the Dermaptera, z. B. Forficula auricularia.
From the order of Diplopoda, z. B. Blaniulus guttulatus.
From the order of Diptera, z. B. Aedes spp., Anopheles spp., Bibio hortulanus, Calliphora erythrocephala, Ceratitis capitata, Chrysomyia spp., Cochliomyia spp., Cordylobia anthropophaga, Culex spp., Cuterebra spp., Dacus oleae, Dermatobia hominis, Drosophila spp., Fannia spp , Gastrophilus spp., Hylemyia spp., Hyppobosca spp., Hypoderma spp., Liriomyza spp., Lucilia spp., Musca spp., Nezara spp., Oestrus spp., Oscinella frit, Pegomyia hyoscyami, Phorbia spp., Stomoxys spp , Tabanus spp., Tannia spp., Tipula paludosa, Wohlfahrtia spp.
From the class of Gastropoda, z. B. Arion spp., Biomphalaria spp., Bulinus spp., Deroceras spp., Galba spp., Lymnaea spp., Oncomelania spp., Succinea spp.
From the class of helminths, z. Ancylostoma duodenale, Ancylostoma ceylanicum, Acylostoma braziliensis, Ancylostoma spp., Ascaris lubricoides, Ascaris spp., Brugia malayi, Brugia timori, Bunostomum spp., Chabertia spp., Clonorchis spp., Cooperia spp., Dicrocoelium spp, Dictyocaulus filaria. Diphyllobothrium latum, Dracunculus medinensis, Echinococcus granulosus, Echinococcus multilocularis, Enterobius vermicularis, Faciola spp., Haemonchus spp., Heterakis spp., Hymenolepis nana, Hyostrongulus spp., Loa Loa, Nematodirus spp., Oesophagostomum spp., Opisthorchis spp., Onchocerca Volvulus, Ostertagia spp., Paragonimus spp., Schistosome spp., Strongyloides fuelleborni, Strongyloides stercoralis, Stronyloides spp., Taenia saginata, Taenia solium, Trichinella spiralis, Trichinella nativa, Trichinella britovi, Trichinella nelsoni, Trichinella pseudopsiralis, Trichostrongulus spp., Trichuris trichuria, Wuchereria bancrofti.
Furthermore, protozoa like Eimenia can be fought.
From the order of Heteroptera, z. B. Anasa tristis, Antestiopsis spp., Blissus spp., Calocoris spp., Campylomma livida, Cavelerius spp., Cimex spp., Creontiades dilutus, Dasynus piperis, Dichelops furcatus, Diconocoris hewetti, Dysdercus spp., Euschistus spp., Eurygaster spp , Heliopeltis spp., Horcias nobilellus, Leptocorisa spp., Leptoglossus phyllopus, Lygus spp., Macropes excavatus, Miridae, Nezara spp., Oebalus spp., Pentomidae, Piesma quadrata, Piezodorus spp., Psallus seriatus, Pseudacysta persea, Rhodnius spp , Sahlbergella singularis, Scotinophora spp., Stephanitis nashi, Tibraca spp., Triatoma spp.
From the order of Homoptera, z. Acyrthosipon spp., Aeneolamia spp., Agonoscena spp., Aleurodes spp., Aleurolobus barodensis, Aleurothrixus spp., Amrasca spp., Anuraphis cardui, Aonidiella spp., Aphanostigma piri, Aphis spp., Arboridia apicalis, Aspidiella spp. Aspidiotus spp., Atanus spp., Aulacorthum solani, Bemisia spp., Brachycaudus helichrysii, Brachycolus spp., Brevicoryne brassicae, Calligypona marginata, Carneocephala fulgida, Ceratovacuna lanigera, Cercopidae, Ceroplastes spp., Chaetosiphon fragaefolii, Chionaspis tegalensis, Chlorita onukii, Chromaphis juglandicola, Chrysomphalus ficus, Cicadulina mbila, Coccomytilus halli, Coccus spp., Cryptomyzus ribis, Dalbulus spp., Dialeurodes spp., Diaphorina spp., Diaspis spp., Doralis spp., Drosicha spp., Dysaphis spp., Dysmicoccus spp. Empoasca spp., Eriosoma spp., Erythroneura spp., Euscelis bilobatus, Geococcus coffeae, Homalodisca coagulata, Hyalopterus arundinis, Icerya spp., Idiocerus spp., Idioscopus spp., Laodelphax striatellus, Lecanium spp., Lepidosaph it spp., Lipaphis erysimi, Macrosiphum spp., Mahanarva fimbriolata, Melanaphis sacchari, Metcalfiella spp., Metopolophium dirhodum, Monellia costalis, Monelliopsis pecanis, Myzus spp., Nasonovia ribisnigri, Nephotettix spp., Nilaparvata lu gens, Oncometopia spp., Orthezia praelonga, Parabemisia myricae, Paratrioza spp., Parlatoria spp., Pemphigus spp., Peregrinus maidis, Phenacoccus spp., Phloeomyzus passerinii, Phorodon humuli, Phylloxera spp., Pinnaspis aspidistrae, Planococcus spp., Protopulvinaria pyriformis, Pseudaulacaspis pentagona, Pseudococcus spp. , Psylla spp., Pteromalus spp., Pyrilla spp., Quadraspidiotus spp., Quesada gigas, Rastrococcus spp., Rhopalosiphum spp., Saissetia spp., Scaphoides titanus, Schizaphis graminum, Selenaspidus articulatus, Sogata spp., Sogatella furcifera, Sogatodes spp , Stictocephala festina, Tenalaphara malayensis, Tinocallis caryaefoliae, Tomaspis spp., Toxoptera spp., Trialeurodes vaporariorum, Trioza spp., Typhlocyba spp., Unaspis spp., Viteus v. Chr itifolii.
From the order of Hymenoptera, z. B. Diprion spp., Hoplocampa spp., Lasius spp., Monomorium pharaonis, Vespa spp.
From the order of Isopoda, z. Armadillidium vulgare, Oniscus asellus, Porcellio scaber.
From the order of Isoptera, z. Reticulitermes spp., Odontotermes spp.
From the order of Lepidoptera, z. B. Acronicta major, Aedia leucomelas, Agrotis spp., Alabama argillacea, Anticarsia spp., Barathra brassicae, Bucculatrix thurberiella, Bupalus piniarius, Cacoecia podana, Capua reticulana, Carpocapsa pomonella, Cheimatobia brumata, Chilo spp., Choristoneura fumiferana, Clysia ambiguella, Cnaphalocerus spp., Earias insulana, Ephestia kuehniella, Euproctis chrysorrhoea, Euxoa spp., Feltia spp., Galleria mellonella, Helicoverpa spp., Heliothis spp., Hofmannophila pseudospretella, Homona magnanima, Hyponomeuta padella, Laphygma spp., Lithocolletis blancardella, Lithophane antennata , Loxagrotis albicosta, Lymantria spp., Malacosoma neustria, Mamestra brassicae, Mocis repanda, Mythimna separata, Oria spp., Oulema oryzae, Panolis flammea, Pectinophora gossypiella, Phyllocnistis citrella, Pieris spp., Plutella xylostella, Prodenia spp., Pseudaletia spp. , Pseudoplusia includens, Pyrausta nubilalis, Spodoptera spp., Ther Mesia gemmatalis, Tinea pellionella, Tineola bisselliella, Tortrix viridana, Trichoplusia spp.
From the order of Orthoptera, z. Acheta domesticus, Blatta orientalis, Blattella germanica, Gryllotalpa spp., Leucophaea maderae, Locusta spp., Melanoplus spp., Periplaneta americana, Schistocerca gregaria.
From the order of Siphonaptera, z. Ceratophyllus spp., Xenopsylla cheopis.
From the order of Symphyla, z. B. Scutigerella immaculata.
From the order of Thysanoptera, z. B. Biodiotis spips, Heliothrips spp., Hercinothrips femoralis, Kakothrips spp., Rhipiphorothrips cruentatus, Scirtothrips spp., Taeniothrips cardamoni, Thrips spp.
From the order of Thysanura, z. B. Lepisma saccharina.
The plant parasitic nematodes include, for. Anguina spp., Aphelenchoides spp., Belonoaimus spp., Bursaphelenchus spp., Ditylenchus dipsaci, Globodera spp., Heliocotylenchus spp., Heterodera spp., Longidorus spp., Meloidogyne spp., Pratylenchus spp., Radopholus similis, Rotylenchus spp , Trichodorus spp., Tylenchorhynchus spp., Tylenchulus spp., Tylenchulus semipenetrans, Xiphinema spp.
Die erfindungsgemäßen Verbindungen können gegebenenfalls in bestimmten Konzentrationen bzw. Aufwandmengen auch als Herbizide, Safener, Wachstumsregulatoren oder Mittel zur Verbesserung der Pflanzeneigenschaften, oder als Mikrobizide, beispielsweise als Fungizide, Antimykotika, Bakterizide, Viruzide (einschließlich Mittel gegen Viroide) oder als Mittel gegen MLO (Mycoplasma-like-organism) und RLO (Rickettsia-like-organism) verwendet werden. Gegebenenfalls können sie auch als Zwischenprodukte oder Vorstufen für die Synthese von anderen Wirkstoffen verwendet werden.The Compounds according to the invention can optionally in certain concentrations or application rates also as herbicides, safeners, growth regulators or agents for Improvement of plant properties, or as microbicides, for example as fungicides, antimycotics, bactericides, virucides (including Anti-viral agents) or as anti-MLO agents (Mycoplasma-like-organism) and RLO (Rickettsia-like-organism). Possibly They can also be used as intermediates or precursors for the synthesis of other drugs can be used.
Die Wirkstoffe können in die üblichen Formulierungen überführt werden, wie Lösungen, Emulsionen, Spritzpulver, Wasser- und ölbasierte Suspensionen, Pulver, Stäubemittel, Pasten, lösliche Pulver, lösliche Granulate, Streugranulate, Suspensions-Emulsions-Konzentrate, Wirkstoff-imprägnierte Naturstoffe, Wirkstoff-imprägnierte synthetische Stoffe, Düngemittel sowie Feinstverkapselungen in polymeren Stoffen.The Active ingredients can be converted into the customary formulations such as solutions, emulsions, wettable powders, water and oil-based suspensions, powders, dusts, Pastes, soluble powders, soluble granules, spreading granules, Suspension emulsion concentrates, drug-impregnated Natural products, drug-impregnated synthetic substances, Fertilizers and ultra-fine encapsulations in polymeric substances.
Diese Formulierungen werden in bekannter Weise hergestellt, z. B. durch Vermischen der Wirkstoffe mit Streckmitteln, also flüssigen Lösungsmitteln und/oder festen Trägerstoffen, gegebenenfalls unter Verwendung von oberflächenaktiven Mitteln, also Emulgiermitteln und/oder Dispergiermitteln und/oder Schaumbildnern. Die Herstellung der Formulierungen erfolgt entweder in geeigneten Anlagen oder auch vor oder während der Anwendung.These Formulations are prepared in a known manner, for. B. by Mixing the active ingredients with extenders, ie liquid Solvents and / or solid carriers, optionally using surface-active Agents, ie emulsifiers and / or dispersants and / or Foaming agents. The formulations are either prepared in suitable equipment or before or during use.
Als Hilfsstoffe können solche Stoffe Verwendung finden, die geeignet sind, dem Mittel selbst oder und/oder davon abgeleitete Zubereitungen (z. B. Spritzbrühen, Saatgutbeizen) besondere Eigenschaften zu verleihen, wie bestimmte technische Eigenschaften und/oder auch besondere biologische Eigenschaften. Als typische Hilfsmittel kommen in Frage: Streckmittel, Lösungsmittel und Trägerstoffe.When Excipients may find use in such substances are suitable, the agent itself or and / or derived therefrom Preparations (eg spray mixtures, seed dressing) special To give properties, such as certain technical properties and / or special biological properties. As typical Auxiliary agents are: extenders, solvents and carriers.
Als Streckmittel eignen sich z. B. Wasser, polare und unpolare organische chemische Flüssigkeiten z. B. aus den Klassen der aromatischen und nicht-aromatischen Kohlenwasserstoffe (wie Paraffine, Alkylbenzole, Alkylnaphthaline, Chlorbenzole), der Alkohole und Polyole (die ggf. auch substituiert, verethert und/oder verestert sein können), der Ketone (wie Aceton, Cyclohexanon), Ester (auch Fette und Öle) und (poly-)Ether, der einfachen und substituierten Amine, Amide, Lactame (wie N-Alkylpyrrolidone) und Lactone, der Sulfone und Sulfoxide (wie Dimethylsulfoxid).When Extenders are suitable for. As water, polar and nonpolar organic chemical liquids z. B. from the classes of aromatic and non-aromatic hydrocarbons (such as paraffins, alkylbenzenes, Alkylnaphthalenes, chlorobenzenes), alcohols and polyols (which may be also substituted, etherified and / or esterified), ketones (such as acetone, cyclohexanone), esters (including fats and oils) and (poly) ethers, the simple and substituted amines, amides, Lactams (such as N-alkylpyrrolidones) and lactones, the sulfones and sulfoxides (such as dimethyl sulfoxide).
Im Falle der Benutzung von Wasser als Streckmittel können z. B. auch organische Lösungsmittel als Hilfslösungsmittel verwendet werden. Als flüssige Lösungsmittel kommen im Wesentlichen in Frage: Aromaten, wie Xylol, Toluol, oder Alkylnaphthaline, chlorierte Aromaten und chlorierte aliphatische Kohlenwasserstoffe, wie Chlorbenzole, Chlorethylen oder Methylenchlorid, aliphatische Kohlenwasserstoffe, wie Cyclohexan oder Paraffine, z. B. Erdölfraktionen, mineralische und pflanzliche Öle, Alkohole, wie Butanol oder Glykol sowie deren Ether und Ester, Ketone wie Aceton, Methylethylketon, Methylisobutylketon oder Cyclohexanon, stark polare Lösungsmittel, wie Dimethylsulfoxid, sowie Wasser.in the Case of using water as an extender can z. As well as organic solvents as auxiliary solvent be used. Come as a liquid solvent essentially in question: aromatics, such as xylene, toluene, or alkylnaphthalenes, chlorinated aromatics and chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons, such as chlorobenzenes, chloroethylene or methylene chloride, aliphatic Hydrocarbons, such as cyclohexane or paraffins, for. B. petroleum fractions, mineral and vegetable oils, alcohols, such as butanol or glycol and their ethers and esters, ketones such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, Methyl isobutyl ketone or cyclohexanone, strongly polar solvents, such as dimethylsulfoxide, as well as water.
Als feste oder flüssige Trägerstoffe kommen in Frage: z. B. Ammoniumsalze und natürliche Gesteinsmehle, wie Kaoline, Tonerden, Talkum, Kreide, Quarz, Attapulgit, Montmorillonit oder Diatomeenerde und synthetische Gesteinsmehle, wie feinteilige Kieselsäure, Aluminiumoxid und Silikate, als feste Trägerstoffe für Granulate kommen in Frage: z. B. gebrochene und fraktionierte natürliche Gesteine wie Calcit, Marmor, Bims, Sepiolith, Dolomit sowie synthetische Granulate aus anorganischen und organischen Mehlen sowie Granulate aus organischem Material wie Papier, Sägemehl, Kokosnussschalen, Maiskolben und Tabakstängeln; als Emulgiermittel und/oder Schaumbildner kommen in Frage: z. B. nichtionogene und anionische Emulgatoren, wie Polyoxyethylen-Fettsäure-Ester, Polyoxyethylen-Fettalkohol-Ether, z. B. Alkylaryl-polyglykolether, Alkylsulfonate, Alkylsulfate, Arylsulfonate sowie Eiweißhydrolysate; als Dispergiermittel kommen in Frage nicht-ionische und/oder ionische Stoffe, z. B. aus den Klassen der Alkohol-POE- und/oder -POP-Etter, Säure- und/oder POP-POE-Ester, Alkylaryl- und/oder POP-POE-Ether, Fett- und/oder POP-POE-Addukte, POE- und/oder POP-Polyolderivate, POE- und/oder POP-Sorbitan- oder Zucker-Addukte, Alky- oder Arylsulfate, Alkyl- oder Arylsulfonate und Alkyl- oder Arylphosphate oder die entsprechenden PO-Ether-Addukte. Ferner geeignete Oligo- oder Polymere, z. B. ausgehend von vinylischen Monomeren, von Acrylsäure, aus EO und/oder PO allein oder in Verbindung mit z. B. (Poly)alkoholen oder (Poly)aminen. Ferner können Einsatz finden Lignin und seine Sulfonsäurederivate, einfache und modifizierte Cellulosen, aromatische und/oder aliphatische Sulfonsäuren sowie deren Addukte mit Formaldehyd.Suitable solid or liquid carriers are: z. As ammonium salts and ground natural minerals, such as kaolins, clays, talc, chalk, quartz, attapulgite, montmorillonite or diatomaceous earth and synthetic minerals, such as finely divided silica, alumina and silicates, as solid carriers for granules are: z. Crushed and fractionated natural rocks such as calcite, marble, pumice, sepiolite, dolomite and synthetic granules of inorganic and organic flours and granules of organic material such as paper, sawdust, coconut shells, corn cobs and tobacco stems; as emulsifiers and / or foaming agents in question: z. Nonionic and anionic emulsifiers, such as polyoxyethylene fatty acid esters, polyoxyethylene fatty alcohol ethers, e.g. B. alkylaryl polyglycol ether, alkylsul fonates, alkyl sulfates, arylsulfonates and protein hydrolysates; suitable dispersants are nonionic and / or ionic substances, eg. From the classes of alcohol POE and / or POP ethers, acid and / or POP-POE esters, alkylaryl and / or POP-POE ethers, fatty and / or POP-POE adducts , POE and / or POP polyol derivatives, POE and / or POP sorbitol or sugar adducts, alkyl or aryl sulfates, alkyl or aryl sulfonates and alkyl or aryl phosphates or the corresponding PO ether adducts. Further suitable oligo- or polymers, for. B. starting from vinylic monomers, from acrylic acid, from EO and / or PO alone or in combination with z. As (poly) alcohols or (poly) amines. It is also possible to use lignin and its sulfonic acid derivatives, simple and modified celluloses, aromatic and / or aliphatic sulfonic acids and also adducts thereof with formaldehyde.
Es können in den Formulierungen Haftmittel wie Carboxymethylcellulose, natürliche und synthetische pulvrige, körnige oder latexförmige Polymere verwendet werden, wie Gummiarabicum, Polyvinylalkohol, Polyvinylacetat, sowie natürliche Phospholipide, wie Kephaline und Lecithine und synthetische Phospholipide.It In the formulations, adhesives such as carboxymethylcellulose, natural and synthetic powdery, grainy or latex-shaped polymers, such as gum arabic, Polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl acetate, as well as natural phospholipids, such as cephalins and lecithins and synthetic phospholipids.
Es können Farbstoffe wie anorganische Pigmente, z. B. Eisenoxid, Titanoxid, Ferrocyanblau und organische Farbstoffe, wie Alizarin-, Azo- und Metallphthalocyaninfarbstoffe und Spurennährstoffe wie Salze von Eisen, Mangan, Bor, Kupfer, Kobalt, Molybdän und Zink verwendet werden.It For example, dyes such as inorganic pigments, e.g. Iron oxide, Titanium oxide, ferrocyan blue and organic dyes such as alizarin, Azo and metal phthalocyanine dyes and trace nutrients such as salts of iron, manganese, boron, copper, cobalt, molybdenum and zinc are used.
Weitere Additive können Duftstoffe, mineralische oder vegetabile gegebenenfalls modifizierte Öle, Wachse und Nährstoffe (auch Spurennährstoffe), wie Salze von Eisen, Mangan, Bor, Kupfer, Kobalt, Molybdän und Zink sein.Further Additives can be fragrances, mineral or vegetable optionally modified oils, waxes and nutrients (also trace nutrients), such as salts of iron, manganese, boron, Copper, cobalt, molybdenum and zinc.
Weiterhin enthalten sein können Stabilisatoren wie Kältestabilisatoren, Konservierungsmittel, Oxidationsschutzmittel, Lichtschutzmittel oder andere die chemische und/oder physikalische Stabilität verbessernde Mittel.Farther may contain stabilizers such as cold stabilizers, Preservatives, antioxidants, light stabilizers or others the chemical and / or physical stability improving agents.
Die Formulierungen umfassen im Allgemeinen zwischen 0,01 und 98 Gewichtsprozent Wirkstoff, vorzugsweise zwischen 0,5 und 90 Gewichtsprozent.The Formulations generally comprise between 0.01 and 98 weight percent Active ingredient, preferably between 0.5 and 90 percent by weight.
Dem Fachmann wird natürlich klar sein, dass die Formulierung und Ausbringungsart eines Wirkstoffs die Wirksamkeit des Materials bei einer bestimmten Ausbringung beeinflussen kann. Für die Verwendung gegen landwirtschaftliche Schädlinge und allgemeine Haushaltsschädlinge können die vorliegenden insektiziden Verbindungen daher als Granulat mit einer relativ großen Teilchengröße (z. B. 8/16 oder 4/8 US Mesh), als wasserlösliches oder wasserdispergierbares Granulat, als pulverförmige Stäubemittel, als Spritzpulver, als emulgierbare Konzentrate, als wässrige Emulsionen, als Lösungen oder als einer der anderen bekannten nützlichen Formulierungstypen formuliert werden, ganz nachdem, welche Ausbringungsart gewünscht wird. Es ist klar, dass die im vorliegenden Text angegebenen Mengen nur als ungefähre Angaben gelten, so als ob das Wort „ungefähr” vor den angegebenen Mengen stünde.the Specialist will of course be clear that the wording and mode of application of an active substance the effectiveness of the material at a certain output. For the use against agricultural pests and general household pests can present the insecticidal compounds therefore as granules with a relatively large Particle size (eg 8/16 or 4/8 US mesh), as water-soluble or water-dispersible granules, as powdered Dusts, as wettable powders, as emulsifiable concentrates, as aqueous emulsions, as solutions or as one of the other known useful formulation types be formulated, depending on which type of application desired becomes. It is clear that the quantities given here just as approximate, as if the word "about" before the specified quantities.
Diese insektiziden Zusammensetzungen können entweder als wasserverdünnbare Sprays oder als Stäubemittel oder als Granulate auf die Flächen ausgebracht werden, auf denen Insekten eingedämmt werden sollen. Diese Formulierungen können von nur 0,1 Gew.-%, 0,2 Gew.-% oder 0,5 Gew.-% bis 95 Gew.-% oder mehr Wirkstoff enthalten.These insecticidal compositions may be either water-dilutable Sprays or as dusts or as granules on the Plots are spread on which insects are contained should be. These formulations can only be 0.1 Wt .-%, 0.2 wt .-% or 0.5 wt .-% to 95 wt .-% or more active ingredient contain.
Stäubemittel sind freifließende Mischungen des Wirkstoffs mit feinteiligen Feststoffen wie Talk, natürlichen Tonen, Kieselgur, Mehlen wie Walnussschalen- und Baumwollsamenmehl sowie anderen organischen und anorganischen Feststoffen, die als Dispergiermittel und Träger für den Wirkstoff dienen; diese feinteiligen Feststoffe weisen eine durchschnittliche Teilchengröße von weniger als ungefähr 50 Mikrometer auf. Eine typische Stäubemittelformulierung, die sich im vorliegenden Zusammenhang eignet, enthält 0,1 Teil oder weniger an insektizider Verbindung und 99,0 Teile Talk.dusts are free-flowing mixtures of the active ingredient with finely divided Solids such as talc, natural clays, kieselguhr, flours such as walnut peel and cottonseed flour as well as other organic and inorganic solids used as dispersants and carriers serve for the active ingredient; these finely divided solids have an average particle size of less than about 50 microns. A typical duster formulation, which is suitable in the present context contains 0.1 Part or less of insecticidal compound and 99.0 parts of talc.
Spritzpulver (WP), die ebenfalls nützliche Formulierungen für Insektizide darstellen, liegen in Form von feinteiligen Partikeln, die sich rasch in Wasser oder einem anderen Dispergiermittel dispergieren, vor. Das Spritzmittel wird schlussendlich auf den Ort, wo Insekten bekämpft werden sollen, entweder als trockener Staub oder als Emulsion in Wasser oder einer anderen Flüssigkeit ausgebracht. Typische Träger für Spritzpulver beinhalten, Fuller-Erde, Kaolintone, Siliciumdioxide sowie sonstige stark absorbierende leicht zu benetzende anorganische Streckmittel. Spritzpulver werden normalerweise so hergestellt, dass sie ungefähr 5–80% Wirkstoff enthalten, je nach der Absorptionsfähigkeit des Trägers, und sie enthalten üblicherweise auch eine kleine Menge an Netzmittel, Dispergiermittel oder Emulgator, um das Dispergieren zu erleichtern. So enthält z. B. eine nützliche Spritzpulverformulierung 80,0 Teile insektizide Verbindung, 17,9 Teile Palmetto-Ton und 1,0 Teil Natriumlignosulfonat und 0,3 Teile sulfonierten aliphatischen Polyester als Netzmittel. Zusätzliche Netzmittel und/oder Öle werden häufig einer Tankmischung zugegeben, um das Dispergieren auf dem Blattwerk der Pflanze zu erleichtern.Spray powders (WP), which are also useful formulations for insecticides, are in the form of finely divided particles which rapidly disperse in water or other dispersant. The spray is finally applied to the place where insects are to be fought, either as a dry dust or as an emulsion in water or other liquid. Typical carriers for wettable powders include fuller earth, kaolin clays, silicas and other highly absorbent, easily wettable inorganic extenders. Injection powders are normally prepared to contain about 5-80% active ingredient, depending on the absorbency of the carrier, and usually also contain a small amount of wetting agent, dispersant or emulsifier to facilitate dispersion. So z. B. a useful spray powder formulation 80.0 parts insecticidal compound, 17.9 parts palmetto clay and 1.0 Part sodium lignosulfonate and 0.3 parts of sulfonated aliphatic polyester as wetting agent. Additional wetting agents and / or oils are often added to a tank mix to facilitate dispersion on the foliage of the plant.
Weitere nützliche Formulierungen für insektizide Zwecke sind emulgierbare Konzentrate (ECs), bei denen es sich um homogene flüssige Zusammensetzungen, die in Wasser oder einem anderen Dispergiermittel dispergierbar sind, und die ausschließlich aus der insektiziden Verbindung und ei nem flüssigen oder festen Emulgator bestehen können, oder die auch einen flüssigen Träger wie Xylol, aromatische Schwerbenzine, Isophoron oder sonstige nichtflüchtige organische Lösungsmittel enthalten können, handelt. Für insektizide Zwecke werden diese Konzentrate in Wasser oder einem anderen flüssigen Träger dispergiert und normal als Spray auf die zu behandelnde Fläche ausgebracht. Der Gewichtsprozentsatz an essentiellem Wirkstoff kann je nach der Ausbringungsart der Zusammensetzung schwanken, umfasst jedoch im Allgemeinen 0,5 bis 95 Gew.-% Wirkstoff der insektiziden Zusammensetzung.Further useful formulations for insecticidal purposes are emulsifiable concentrates (ECs) which are homogeneous liquid compositions in water or another Dispersants are dispersible, and exclusively from the insecticidal compound and a liquid or may consist of solid emulsifier, or which is also a liquid Carriers such as xylene, aromatic heavy gases, isophorone or other non-volatile organic solvents can contain. For insecticidal purposes These concentrates are in water or another liquid Carrier dispersed and normal as a spray on the treated Surface applied. The weight percentage of essential Active substance may vary depending on the mode of application of the composition, however, generally comprises from 0.5 to 95% by weight of the insecticidal active ingredient Composition.
Fließfähige Formulierungen („flowables”) sind den ECs ähnlich, nur dass der Wirkstoff in einem flüssigen Träger, im Allgemeinen Wasser, suspendiert ist. Fließfähige Formulierungen, wie ECs, können eine kleine Menge an Tensid beinhalten und enthalten typischerweise Wirkstoffe im Bereich von 0,5 bis 95 Gew.-%, häufig von 10 bis 50 Gew.-%, der Zusammensetzung. Für die Anwendung können fließfähige Formulierungen mit Wasser oder einem anderen flüssigen Vehikel verdünnt werden und werden üblicherweise als Spray auf die zu behandelnde Fläche ausgebracht.flowable Formulations ("flowables") are similar to ECs, except that the active ingredient in a liquid carrier, generally water, is suspended. flowable Formulations, such as ECs, may contain a small amount of surfactant contain and typically contain active ingredients in the range of From 0.5 to 95% by weight, often from 10 to 50% by weight, of the composition. For the application can be flowable Formulations with water or another liquid Vehicles are diluted and usually sprayed on the surface to be treated.
Zu typischen Netzmitteln, Dispergiermitteln oder Emulgatoren, die in landwirtschaftlichen Formulierungen verwendet werden, zählen die folgenden, sind jedoch nicht auf diese beschränkt: Alkyl- und Alkylarylsulfonate und -sulfate und ihre Natriumsalze; Alkylarylpolyetheralkohole; sulfatierte höhere Alkohole; Polyethylenoxide; sulfonierte tierische und pflanzliche Öle; sulfonierte Mineralöle; Fettsäureester von mehrwertigen Alkoholen und die Ethylenoxidaddukte solcher Ester; sowie das Addukt von langkettigen Mercaptanen und Ethylenoxid. Viele andere Arten von nützlichen Tensiden sind im Handel erhältlich. Werden Tenside verwendet, so umfassen diese üblicherweise 1 bis 15 Gewichtsprozent der Zusammensetzung.To typical wetting agents, dispersants or emulsifiers, which in agricultural formulations are used the following, but are not limited to: Alkyl and alkylaryl sulfonates and sulfates and their sodium salts; alkylaryl; sulfated higher alcohols; Polyethylene oxides; sulfonated animal and vegetable oils; sulfonated mineral oils; Fatty acid esters of polyvalent ones Alcohols and the ethylene oxide adducts of such esters; as well as the adduct long chain mercaptans and ethylene oxide. Many other types Useful surfactants are commercially available. When surfactants are used, they usually include 1 to 15 percent by weight of the composition.
Zu weiteren nützlichen Formulierungen zählen Suspensionen des Wirkstoffs in einem relativ schwerflüchtigen Lösungsmittel wie Wasser, Weizenkeimöl, Kerosin, Propylengykol oder anderen geeigneten Lösungsmitteln.To other useful formulations include suspensions of the drug in a relatively low volatility solvent such as water, wheat germ oil, kerosene, propylene glycol or others suitable solvents.
Zu weiteren nützlichen Formulierungen für insektizide Zwecke zählen auch einfache Lösungen des Wirkstoffs in einem Lösungsmittel, in dem dieses in der gewünschten Konzentration vollständig löslich ist, wie Aceton, alkylierte Naphthalene, Xylol oder sonstige organische Lösungsmittel. Granulatförmige Formulierungen, in denen der Wirkstoff auf relativ groben Partikeln aufgebracht ist, eignen sich besonders für die Verteilung auf dem Luftweg oder für das Eindringen in die Bestandesdecke von Deckfrüchten. Sprays unter Druck, typischerweise Aerosole, in denen der Wirkstoff durch Verdampfen eines niedrig siedenden Dispergiermittellösungsmittelträgers in feinteiliger Form dispergiert ist, können ebenfalls verwendet werden. Wasserlösliche oder wasserdispergierbare Granulate sind freifließend, nicht staubend und leicht in Wasser löslich oder mischbar. Bei der Verwendung auf dem Feld durch den Landwirt können die granulatförmigen Formulierungen, emulgierbaren Konzentrate, „Flowables”, wässrigen Emulsionen, Lösungen usw. mit Wasser auf eine Wirkstoffkonzentration im Bereich von zirka 0,1% oder 0,2% bis 1,5% oder 2% verdünnt werden.To other useful formulations for insecticides Purposes also include simple solutions of the active ingredient in a solvent in which this is desired Concentration is completely soluble, such as acetone, alkylated naphthalenes, xylene or other organic solvents. Granular formulations in which the active ingredient Applied to relatively coarse particles are particularly suitable for distribution by air or for the Penetration into the cover of cover crops. sprays under pressure, typically aerosols, in which the active ingredient passes through Vaporizing a low boiling dispersant solvent carrier is dispersed in finely divided form, can also be used. Water-soluble or water-dispersible Granules are free-flowing, non-dusting and light soluble or miscible in water. When using on The field by the farmer can be granular Formulations, emulsifiable concentrates, "flowables", aqueous emulsions, solutions, etc. with water to an active substance concentration in the range of approximately 0.1% or 0.2% diluted to 1.5% or 2%.
Die Wirkstoffkombinationen können in ihren handelsüblichen Formulierungen sowie in den aus diesen Formulierungen bereiteten Anwendungsformen in Mischung mit anderen Wirkstoffen wie Insektiziden, Lockstoffen, Sterilantien, Bakteriziden, Akariziden, Nematiziden, Fungiziden, wachstumsregulierenden Stoffen, Herbiziden, Safenern, Düngemitteln oder Semiochemicals verwendet werden.The Drug combinations can be used in their commercial Formulations and in those prepared from these formulations Forms of use mixed with other active substances such as insecticides, Attractants, sterilants, bactericides, acaricides, nematicides, Fungicides, growth regulators, herbicides, safeners, Fertilizers or semiochemicals are used.
Die Wirkstoffkombinationen können bei der erfindungsgemäßen Verwendung als Insektizide in ihren handelsüblichen Formulierungen sowie in den aus diesen Formulierungen bereiteten Anwendungsformen ferner in Mischung mit Synergisten vorliegen. Synergisten sind Verbindungen, durch die die Wirkung der Wirkstoffe gesteigert wird, ohne dass der zugesetzte Synergist selbst aktiv wirksam sein muss.The Active ingredient combinations can be used in the inventive Use as insecticides in their commercial formulations and in the forms of use prepared from these formulations further in mixture with synergists. Synergists are compounds, through which the effect of the active ingredients is increased, without the added synergist itself must be actively active.
Die erfindungsgemäßen Verwendung der Wirkstoffkombinationen kann beim Einsatz als Insektizide in ihren handelsüblichen Formulierungen sowie in den aus diesen Formulierungen bereiteten Anwendungsformen ferner in Mischungen mit Hemmstoffen erfolgen, die einen Abbau des Wirkstoffes nach Anwendung in der Umgebung der Pflanze, auf der Oberfläche von Pflanzenteilen oder in pflanzlichen Geweben vermindern.The use of the active compound combinations according to the invention can be used as insecticides in their commercial Formulations and in those prepared from these formulations Furthermore, use forms in mixtures with inhibitors, the degradation of the active substance after application in the environment of Plant, on the surface of plant parts or in reduce plant tissues.
Der Wirkstoffgehalt der aus den handelsüblichen Formulierungen bereiteten Anwendungsformen kann in weiten Bereichen variieren. Die Wirkstoffkonzentration der Anwendungsformen liegt im Bereich von 0,00000001 bis 95 Gew.-% Wirkstoff, vorzugsweise im Bereich von 0,00001 bis 1 Gew.-%.Of the Active substance content of the commercial formulations prepared application forms can vary widely. The active ingredient concentration of the use forms is in the range from 0.00000001 to 95% by weight of active ingredient, preferably in the range from 0.00001 to 1% by weight.
Die Anwendung geschieht in einer den Anwendungsformen angepassten üblichen Weise.The Application is done in a custom forms adapted to the applications Wise.
Erfindungsgemäß können alle Pflanzen und Pflanzenteile behandelt werden. Unter Pflanzen werden hierbei alle Pflanzen und Pflanzenpopulationen verstanden, wie erwünschte und unerwünschte Wildpflanzen oder Kulturpflanzen (einschließlich natürlich vorkommender Kulturpflanzen). Kulturpflanzen können Pflanzen sein, die durch konventionelle Züchtungs- und Optimierungsmethoden oder durch biotechnologische und gentechnologische Methoden oder Kombinationen dieser Methoden erhalten werden können, einschließlich der transgenen Pflanzen und einschließlich der durch Sortenschutzrechte schätzbaren oder nicht schätzbaren Pflanzensorten. Unter Pflanzenteilen sollen alle oberirdischen und unterirdischen Teile und Organe der Pflanzen, wie Spross, Blatt, Blüte und Wurzel verstanden werden, wobei beispielhaft Blätter, Nadeln, Stängel, Stämme, Blüten, Fruchtkörper, Früchte und Saatgut sowie Wurzeln, Knollen und Rhizome aufgeführt werden. Zu den Pflanzenteilen gehört auch Erntegut sowie vegetatives und generatives Vermehrungsmaterial, beispielsweise Stecklinge, Knollen, Rhizome, Ableger und Samen.According to the invention all plants and parts of plants are treated. Under plants all plants and plant populations are understood here, as desired and undesirable wild plants or Crops (including naturally occurring Crop plants). Crop plants can be plants that through conventional breeding and optimization methods or by biotechnological and genetic engineering methods or Combinations of these methods can be obtained, including of the transgenic plants and including by plant variety rights estimable or unappreciable plant varieties. Under plant parts are all above ground and underground Parts and organs of plants, such as shoot, leaf, flower and roots are understood, with examples of leaves, Needles, stems, stems, flowers, fruiting bodies, Fruits and seeds as well as roots, tubers and rhizomes be listed. Part of the plant parts also harvested material as well as vegetative and generative propagation material, For example, cuttings, tubers, rhizomes, offshoots and seeds.
Die erfindungsgemäße Behandlung der Pflanzen und Pflanzenteile mit den Wirkstoffen erfolgt direkt oder durch Einwirkung auf deren Umgebung, Lebensraum oder Lagerraum nach den üblichen Behandlungsmethoden, z. B. durch Tauchen, Sprühen, Verdampfen, Vernebeln, Streuen, Aufstreichen, Injizieren und bei Vermehrungsmaterial, insbesondere bei Saatgut, weiterhin durch ein- oder mehrschichtiges Umhüllen.The Treatment according to the invention of the plants and plant parts with the active ingredients takes place directly or by acting on their Environment, habitat or storage space according to the usual treatment methods, z. B. by dipping, spraying, vaporizing, atomizing, spreading, Spreading, injecting and propagating material, in particular in seed, still by single or multi-layer wrapping.
Die erfindungsgemäße Behandlung der Pflanzen und Pflanzenteile mit den Wirkstoffkombinationen erfolgt direkt oder durch Einwirkung auf deren Umgebung, Lebensraum oder Lagerraum nach den üblichen Behandlungsmethoden, z. B. durch Tauchen, Sprühen, Verdampfen, Vernebeln, Streuen, Aufstreichen und bei Vermehrungsmaterial, insbesondere bei Saatgut, weiterhin durch ein- oder mehrschichtiges Umhüllen.The Treatment according to the invention of the plants and plant parts with the drug combinations takes place directly or by action on their environment, habitat or storage space according to the usual Treatment methods, eg. B. by dipping, spraying, evaporation, Nebulizing, spreading, spreading and propagating material, in particular in seed, still by single or multi-layer wrapping.
Saatgutbehandlungseed treatment
Die erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren und Zusammensetzungen eignen nicht nicht nur für die Behandlung von Pflanzen oder Pflanzenteilen, bei denen es sich nicht um Samen handelt, sondern auch besonders zur Behandlung von Saatgut. Ein großer Teil des durch tierische Schädlinge und durch Pathogene an Kultursorten verursachten Schadens entsteht bereits durch den Befall des Saatguts während der Lagerung und nach dem Säen des Saatguts in den Boden sowie während und unmittelbar nach der Keimung der Pflanzen. Diese Phase ist besonders kritisch, da die Wurzeln und Sprosse der wachsenden Pflanze besonders empfindlich sind und bereits ein geringer Schaden zum Absterben der ganzen Pflanze führen kann. Es besteht daher ein insbesondere großes Interesse daran, das Saatgut und die keimende Pflanze durch den Einsatz geeigneter Mittel zu schützen.The inventive methods and compositions Not only not suitable for the treatment of plants or plant parts which are not seeds, but also especially for the treatment of seeds. A large part of animal pests and pathogens on cultivars damage caused by the infestation of the seed during storage and after sowing the seed into the soil as well as during and immediately after germination the plants. This phase is especially critical as the roots and shoots of the growing plant are particularly sensitive and already cause a small damage to the death of the whole plant can. There is therefore a particularly great interest To do this, the seed and the germinating plant by using appropriate Means to protect.
Die Bekämpfung von tierischen Schädlingen und/oder von phytopathogenen Pilzen und/oder von Mikroorganismen durch Behandeln des Saatguts von Pflanzen ist seit langem bekannt und ist Gegenstand ständiger Verbesserungen. Dennoch ergeben sich bei der Behandlung von Saatgut eine Reihe von Problemen, die nicht immer zufriedenstellend gelöst werden können. So ist es erstrebenswert, Verfahren zum Schutz des Saatguts und der keimenden Pflanze zu entwickeln, die das zusätzliche Ausbringen von Pflanzenschutzmitteln nach der Saat oder nach dem Keimen der Pflanzen überflüssig machen. Es ist weiterhin erstrebenswert, die Menge des eingesetzten Wirkstoffs dahingehend zu optimieren, dass das Saatgut und die keimende Pflanze vor dem Befall durch tierische Schädlinge bestmöglich geschützt werden, ohne jedoch die Pflanze selbst durch den eingesetzten Wirkstoff zu schädigen. Insbesondere sollten Verfahren zur Behandlung von Saatgut auch die intrinsischen insektiziden und fungiziden Eigenschaften transgener Pflanzen einbeziehen, um einen optimalen Schutz des Saatguts und auch der keimenden Pflanze bei einem minimalen Aufwand an Pflanzenschutzmitteln zu erreichen.The Combating animal pests and / or of phytopathogenic fungi and / or microorganisms by treatment The seed of plants has long been known and is the subject constant improvements. Nevertheless arise in the Treating seed a number of problems that are not always can be satisfactorily resolved. So is it desirable, methods of protection of seed and germinating To develop a plant, which is the additional spreading of Plant protection after sowing or after germination of the plants superfluous do. It is still desirable, the amount of used To optimize the active ingredient so that the seed and the germinating Plant best possible against infestation by animal pests be protected, but without the plant itself by the damage the active ingredient used. In particular, should Method of treatment of seed also the intrinsic insecticides and fungicidal properties of transgenic plants optimum protection of the seed and also of the germinating plant to achieve a minimum of pesticides.
Die vorliegende Erfindung bezieht sich daher insbesondere auch auf ein Verfahren zum Schutz von Saatgut und keimenden Pflanzen vor dem Befall durch tierische Schädlinge und/oder phytopathogenen Pilzen und/oder Mikroorganismen, indem das Saatgut mit einer erfindungsgemäßen Kombination behandelt wird.The The present invention therefore more particularly relates to Method for protecting seed and germinating plants from the Infestation by animal pests and / or phytopathogenic Fungi and / or microorganisms by the seed with a Combination is treated.
Die Erfindung umfasst ein Verfahren, bei dem das Saatgut gleichzeitig mit den Komponenten Prothioconazole und gegebenenfalls weiteren Wirkstoffen behandelt wird. Sie betrifft weiterhin ein Verfahren, bei dem das Saatgut mit Prothioconazole und gegebenenfalls weiteren Wirkstoffen getrennt behandelt wird.The The invention comprises a method in which the seed is simultaneously with the components prothioconazole and optionally further Active ingredients is treated. It also relates to a method in which the seed with prothioconazole and optionally further Active ingredients is treated separately.
Die Erfindung umfasst auch ein Saatgut, das mit Prothioconazole und gegebenenfalls weiteren Wirkstoffen gleichzeitig oder getrennt behandelt worden ist und das noch eine wirksame Menge an diesen Wirkstoffen enthält. Für dieses letztgenannte Saatgut können die Wirkstoffe in getrennten Schichten aufgetragen werden. Diese Schichten können gegebenenfalls durch eine zusätzliche Schicht, die gegebenenfalls einen Wirkstoff enthält, getrennt sein.The The invention also includes a seed containing prothioconazole and optionally further active ingredients treated simultaneously or separately has been and still an effective amount of these drugs contains. For this latter seed can the active ingredients are applied in separate layers. These Layers can optionally be replaced by an additional Layer which optionally contains an active ingredient, separated be.
Das Zeitintervall zwischen der Aufbringung der unterschiedlichen Schichten der unterschiedlichen Verbindungen ist im Allgemeinen nicht kritisch.The Time interval between the application of the different layers Of the different compounds is generally not critical.
Zusätzlich betrifft die Erfindung auch die Verwendung der erfindungsgemäßen Kombination für die Behandlung von Saatgut für den Schutz von Saatgut und von keimenden Pflanzen gegen tierische Schädlinge und/oder phytopathogene Pilze und/oder Mikroorganismen. Weiterhin betrifft die Erfindung Saatgut, das mit einem erfindungsgemäßen Mittel zwecks Schutzes gegen tierische Schädlinge und/oder phytopathogene Pilze und/oder Mikroorganismen behandelt worden ist.additionally The invention also relates to the use of the invention Combination for the treatment of seeds for the protection of seeds and germinating plants against animal Pests and / or phytopathogenic fungi and / or microorganisms. Furthermore, the invention relates to seed with a novel Means for protection against animal pests and / or phytopathogenic fungi and / or microorganisms has been treated.
Einer der Vorteile der Erfindung ist, dass aufgrund der besonderen systemischen Eigenschaften der erfindungsgemäßen Mittel die Behandlung mit diesen Mitteln nicht nur das Saatgut selbst, sondern auch die daraus nach dem Aufgehen hervorgehenden Pflanzen gegen tierische Schädlinge und/oder phytopathogene Pilze und/oder Mikroorganismen schützt. Auf diese Weise kann die unmittelbare Behandlung der Kultur zum Zeitpunkt der Aussaat oder kurz danach entfallen.one The advantages of the invention is that due to the particular systemic Properties of the agents according to the invention Treatment with these funds not only the seed itself, but also the plants which emerge from it after rising animal pests and / or phytopathogenic fungi and / or Protects microorganisms. In this way, the immediate Treatment of the culture at the time of sowing or shortly thereafter omitted.
Die erfindungsgemäßen Mittel eignen sich zum Schutz von Saatgut jeglicher Pflanzensorte wie bereits vorstehend genannt, die in der Landwirtschaft, im Gewächshaus, in Forsten, im Gartenbau oder im Weinbau eingesetzt wird. Insbesondere handelt es sich dabei um Saatgut von Mais, Erdnuss, Canola, Raps, Mohn, Oliven, Kokosnüssen, Kakao, Soja, Baumwolle, Rübe (z. B. Zuckerrübe und Futterrübe), Reis, Hirse, Weizen, Gerste, Hafer, Roggen, Sonnenblume, Zuckerrohr, Gemüse oder Tabak. Die erfindungsgemäßen Mittel eignen sich ebenfalls zur Behandlung des Saatguts von Obstpflanzen und Gemüse wie bereits vorstehend beschrieben. Besondere Bedeutung kommt der Behandlung des Saatguts von Mais, Soja, Baumwolle, Weizen und Canola oder Raps zu. So eignet sich beispielsweise die Kombination unter der Nummer (1) besonders für die Behandlung von Maissaatgut.The agents according to the invention are suitable for protection seed of any plant variety as mentioned above, those in agriculture, in the greenhouse, in forests, used in horticulture or viticulture. In particular, acts seeds of maize, peanut, canola, rape, poppy, Olives, coconuts, cocoa, soya, cotton, turnip (eg sugar beet and fodder turnip), rice, millet, Wheat, barley, oats, rye, sunflower, sugar cane, vegetables or tobacco. The agents according to the invention are suitable also for the treatment of seed of fruit plants and vegetables as already described above. Special importance comes from the Treatment of the seeds of corn, soybeans, cotton, wheat and canola or rapeseed too. For example, the combination below is suitable the number (1) especially for the treatment of maize seed.
Wie bereits beschrieben ist die Behandlung von transgenem Saatgut mit einem erfindungsgemäßen Mittel von besonderer Bedeutung. Dies betrifft die Saatguter von Pflanzen, die im Allgemeinen mindestens ein heterologes Gen, das die Expression eines Polypeptids mit speziellen insektiziden Eigenschaften kontrolliert, enthalten. Das heterologe Gen in transgenem Saatgut kann von Mikroorganismen wie Bacillus, Rhizobium, Pseudomonas, Serratia, Trichoderma, Clavibacter, Glomus oder Gliocladium stammen. Die vorliegende Erfindung eignet sich besonders für die Behandlung von transgenem Saatgut, das mindestens ein heterologes Gen enthält, welches aus Bacillus sp. stammt und dessen Genprodukt eine Wirksamkeit gegen den Maiszünsler und/oder den westlichen Maiswurzelbohrer aufweist. Besonders bevorzugt ist ein heterologes Gen, das aus Bacillus thuringiensis stammt.As already described is the treatment of transgenic seed with an agent of the invention of particular Importance. This concerns the seeds of plants, in general at least one heterologous gene encoding the expression of a polypeptide controlled with special insecticidal properties. The heterologous gene in transgenic seed may be from microorganisms such as Bacillus, Rhizobium, Pseudomonas, Serratia, Trichoderma, Clavibacter, Glomus or Gliocladium originate. The present invention is suitable especially for the treatment of transgenic seeds, containing at least one heterologous gene which comprises Bacillus sp. and its gene product is effective against the corn borer and / or western corn rootworm having. Particularly preferred is a heterologous gene derived from Bacillus thuringiensis is from.
Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Erfindung wird das erfindungsgemäße Mittel alleine oder in einer geeigneten Formulierung auf das Saatgut aufgebracht. Vorzugsweise wird das Saatgut in einem Zustand gehandhabt, in dem es so stabil ist, dass keine Schäden bei der Behandlung auftreten. Im Allgemeinen kann die Behandlung des Saatguts zu jedem Zeitpunkt zwischen der Ernte und der Aussaat erfolgen. Üblicherweise wird Saatgut verwendet, das von der Pflanze getrennt und von Kolben, Schalen, Stängeln, Schoten, Wolle oder Fruchtfleisch befreit wurde. So kann z. B. Saatgut verwendet werden, das geerntet, gereinigt und bis zu einem Feuchtigkeitsgehalt von unter 15 Gew.-% getrocknet wurde. Alternativ kann auch Saatgut verwendet werden, das nach dem Trocknen z. B. mit Wasser behandelt und dann erneut getrocknet wurde.in the Within the scope of the present invention, the inventive Means alone or in a suitable formulation on the seed applied. Preferably, the seed is handled in a state in which it is so stable that no damage in the treatment occur. In general, the treatment of the seed to everyone Time between harvest and sowing done. Usually seed separated from the plant and used by flasks, Shells, stalks, pods, wool or pulp freed has been. So z. B. Seeds are used, which are harvested, cleaned and dried to a moisture content of less than 15% by weight has been. Alternatively, seed can be used after the Drying z. B. treated with water and then dried again.
Im Allgemeinen muss bei der Behandlung des Saatguts darauf geachtet werden, dass die Menge des auf das Saatgut aufgebrachten erfindungsgemäßen Mittels und/oder weiterer Zusatzstoffe so gewählt wird, dass die Keimung des Saatguts nicht beeinträchtigt bzw. die daraus hervorgehende Pflanze nicht geschädigt wird. Dies ist vor allem bei Wirkstoffen zu beachten, die in bestimmten Aufwandmengen phytotoxische Effekte zeigen können.in the In general, care must be taken when treating the seed be that the amount of applied to the seed according to the invention By means and / or other additives is chosen so that does not affect the germination of the seed or the resulting plant is not damaged. This is especially important for active ingredients, which in certain application rates can show phytotoxic effects.
Die
erfindungsgemäßen Mittel können unmittelbar
aufgebracht werden, also ohne weitere Komponenten zu enthalten und
ohne verdünnt worden zu sein. In der Regel ist es bevorzugt,
die Mittel in Form einer geeigneten Formulierung auf das Saatgut
aufzubringen. Geeignete Formulierungen und Verfahren für
die Saatgutbehandlung sind dem Fachmann bekannt und werden z. B.
in den folgenden Dokumenten beschrieben:
Zusammensetzungen, die sich für die Saatgutbehandlung besonders eignen, sind z. B.:
- A
- Lösliche Konzentrate (SL, LS)
- D
- Emulsionen (EW, EO, ES)
- E
- Suspensionen (SC, OD, FS)
- F
- Wasserdispergierbare Granulate und wasserlösliche Granulate (WG, SG)
- G
- Wasserdispergierbare Pulver und wasserlösliche Pulver (WP, SP, WS)
- H
- Gel-Formulierungen (GF)
- I
- Stäubemittel (DP, DS)
- A
- Soluble concentrates (SL, LS)
- D
- Emulsions (EW, EO, ES)
- e
- Suspensions (SC, OD, FS)
- F
- Water-dispersible granules and water-soluble granules (WG, SG)
- G
- Water-dispersible powders and water-soluble powders (WP, SP, WS)
- H
- Gel formulations (GF)
- I
- Dusts (DP, DS)
Zu traditionellen Formulierungen für die Saatgutbehandlung zählen z. B. „Flowables” FS, Lösungen LS, Trockenbeizen DS, Schlammbeizen WS, Nassbeizen SS und Emulsionen ES und EC und Gel-Formulierungen GF. Diese Formulierungen können auf das Saatgut verdunnt oder unverdünnt ausgebracht werden. Die Ausbringung auf Saatguter erfolgt vor dem Säen, und zwar entweder direkt auf die Saatgüter oder nach dem Vorkeimen der letzteren. FS-Formulierungen sind bevorzugt.To traditional formulations for seed treatment count z. B. "Flowables" FS, Solutions LS, Dry pickling DS, sludge pickling WS, wet pickling SS and emulsions ES and EC and gel formulations GF. These formulations can diluted on the seed or applied undiluted. Seeding on seeds is done before sowing, and either directly on the seed or after pre-germination the latter. FS formulations are preferred.
Bei der Behandlung von Saatgut betragen die Aufwandmengen der erfindungsgemäßen Kombination im Allgemeinen 0,1 bis 10 kg pro 100 kg Saatgut. Die getrennte oder gemeinsame Ausbringung der Verbindung I und II oder der Kombinationen der Verbindungen I und II erfolgt durch Spritz- oder Stäubebehandlung der Saatgüter, Keimpflanzen, Pflanzen oder Böden vor oder nach dem Säen der Pflanzen oder vor oder nach dem Auflaufen der Pflanzen.at the treatment of seed amounts to the application rates of the invention Combination generally 0.1 to 10 kg per 100 kg of seed. The separate or joint application of compound I and II or the combinations of compounds I and II are carried out by injection molding or dust treatment of seeds, seedlings, Plants or soils before or after sowing Plants or before or after emergence of the plants.
Die Erfindung betrifft auch die Vermehrungsprodukte von Pflanzen, insbesondere das Saatgut, das eine wie oben definierte Kombination oder eine Kombination enthaltend die Kombination von zwei oder mehr Wirkstoffen oder eine Kombination von zwei oder mehr Zusammensetzungen, die jeweils einen der Wirkstoffe enthält, umfasst, also damit beschichtet ist und/oder diese enthält. Das Saatgut umfasst die erfindungsgemäßen Kombinationen in einer Menge von 0,1 bis 10 kg pro 100 kg Saatgut.The The invention also relates to the propagation products of plants, in particular the seed having a combination as defined above or a Combination containing the combination of two or more active ingredients or a combination of two or more compositions, the each contains one of the active ingredients, includes, so that is coated and / or contains. The seed includes the combinations according to the invention in an amount from 0.1 to 10 kg per 100 kg of seed.
Die
Zusammensetzung, die eine Kombination von Pestiziden umfasst, kann „als
solche” ausgebracht werden, d. h. ohne dass Streckmittel
oder sonstige Komponenten vorliegen. Typischerweise wird diese Zusammensetzung
jedoch auf die Saatguter in Form einer Pestizidformulierung ausgebracht.
Diese Formulierung kann eine oder mehrere sonstige erwünschte
Komponenten enthalten, darunter auch, jedoch nicht einschränkend,
50 flüssige Verdunnungsmittel/Streckmittel, Bindemittel,
die als Matrix für das Pestizid dienen, Füllstoffe
zum Schützen der Saatguter während Stressbedingungen
und Weichmacher zur Verbesserung der Flexibilität, des
Haftens und/oder des Spreizens der Beschichtung. Bei öligen
Pestizidformulierungen, die wenig oder keinen Füllstoff
enthalten, kann es weiterhin wünschenswert sein, 55 zu
den Formulierungstrocknungsmitteln zuzugeben, wie Calciumcarbonat,
Kaolin oder Bentonitton, Perlit, Diatomeenerde oder ein beliebiges
sonstiges Adsorptionsmittel. Die Verwendung von solchen Komponenten
bei Saatgutbehandlungen ist fachbekannt; siehe z. B.
Die Saatgüter können auch mit einem oder mehreren der folgenden Bestandteile behandelt werden: sonstige Pestizide, darunter auch Verbindungen, die nur unter der Erde wirken; Fungizide wie Captan, Thiram, Metalxyl, Fludioxonil, Oxadixyl sowie Isomere von jeder dieser Substanzen und dergleichen; Herbizide, darunter Verbindungen ausgewählt aus der Reihe der Acetamide, Triazine, Dinitroaniline, Glycerinether, Pyridazinone, Uracile, Phenoxyverbindungen, Harnstoffe und Benzoesäure; Herbizid-Safener wie Benzoxazin, Benzhydrylderivative, N,N-Diallyl dichloracetamid, verschiedene Dihalogenacyle, Oxazolidinyl- und Thiazolidinylverbindungen, Ethanon, Naphthalinsäureanhydridverbindungen sowie Oximderivative; Düngemittel; und biologische Schädlingsbekämpfungsmittel wie natürlich vorkommende oder rekombinante Bakterien oder Pilze der Gattungen Rhizobium, Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Serratia, Trichoderma, Glomus, Gliocladium und Mycorrhiza-Pilze. Diese Bestandteile können als eigene Schicht auf dem Saatgut zugegeben werden oder auch als Teil der Pestizidzusammensetzung zugegeben werden.The Seeds can also come with one or more treated with the following ingredients: other pesticides, including compounds that only work underground; fungicides such as captan, thiram, metalxyl, fludioxonil, oxadixyl and isomers of each of these substances and the like; Herbicides, including Compounds selected from the series of acetamides, triazines, Dinitroanilines, glycerol ethers, pyridazinones, uracils, phenoxy compounds, Ureas and benzoic acid; Herbicide safeners such as benzoxazine, Benzhydrylderivative, N, N-diallyl dichloroacetamide, various Dihaloacyls, oxazolidinyl and thiazolidinyl compounds, ethanone, Naphthalenic anhydride compounds and oxime derivatives; Fertilizer; and biological pesticides like naturally occurring or recombinant bacteria or Mushrooms of the genera Rhizobium, Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Serratia, Trichoderma, Glomus, Gliocladium and mycorrhizal fungi. These ingredients can be added as a separate layer on the seed or added as part of the pesticidal composition.
Vorzugsweise sollte die Menge der neuen Zusammensetzung oder der sonstigen bei der Saatgutbehandlung verwendeten Bestandteile nicht die Keimung des Saatguts hemmen oder phytotoxische Schäden an dem Saatgut verursachen.Preferably, the amount of the new composition or other ingredients used in the seed treatment should not inhibit germination of the seed or cause phytotoxic damage cause the seed.
Die erfindungsgemäße Zusammensetzung kann in Form einer Suspension, einer Emulsion, einer Aufschlämmung von Partikeln in einem wässrigen Medium (z. B. Wasser), einem Spritzpulver, einem Spritzgranulat („dry flowable”) und einem Trockengranulat vorliegen. Bei Formulierung als Suspension oder Aufschlämmung beträgt die Konzentration des Wirkstoffs in der Formulierung vorzugsweise ungefähr 0,5 Gew.-% bis 99 Gew.-% (w/w), vorzugsweise 5–40%.The Composition according to the invention may be in the form a suspension, an emulsion, a slurry of Particles in an aqueous medium (eg water), a Spray powder, an injection granulate ("dry flowable") and a dry granulate. When formulated as a suspension or slurry is the concentration of Active ingredient in the formulation preferably about 0.5 % By weight to 99% by weight (w / w), preferably 5-40%.
Wie
oben erwähnt können sonstige traditionelle inaktive
oder inerte Bestandteile in die Formulierung eingearbeitet werden.
Zu solchen inerten Bestandteilen zählen, jedoch nicht einschränkend,
traditionelle Haftmittel, Dispergiermittel wie Methylzellulose (Methocel
A15LV oder Methocel A15C dienen z. B. als kombiniertes Dispergiermittel/Haftmittel
für Saatgutbehandlungen), Polyvinylalkohol (z. B. Elvanol
51-05), Lecithin (z. B. Yelkinol P), polymere Dispergiermittel (z.
B. Polyvinylpyrrolidon/Vinylacetat PVP/VA S-630), Verdickungsmittel
(z. B. Tonverdickungsmittel wie Van Gel B zur Verbesserung der Viskosität
und Verringerung des Absetzens von Partikelsuspensionen), Emulsionsstabilisatoren,
Tenside, Frostschutzmittel (z. B. Harnstoff), Farbstoffe, Färbemittel
und dergleichen. Weitere inerte Bestandteile, die sich für
die vorliegende Erfindung eignen, finden sich in
Die erfindungsgemäßen Pestizide, Zusammensetzungen von Pestizidkombinationen und Formulierungen können auf Saatgüter nach einer beliebigen üblichen Saatgutbehandlungsmethode aufgebracht werden, darunter auch, jedoch nicht einschränkend, Mischungen in einem Behältnis (z. B. einer Fla sche oder einem Beutel), mechanisches Auftragen, Taumeln, Sprühen und Tauchen. Zum In-Kontakt-Bringen von Saatgütern mit erfindungsgemäßen Pestiziden können traditionelle Aktiv- oder Inertmaterialien verwendet werden, wie traditionelle Filmbildner, darunter auch, jedoch nicht einschränkend, Filmbildner auf Wasserbasis wie Sepiret (Seppic, Inc., Fairfield, N. J.) und Opacoat (Berwind Pharm. Services, Westpoint, Pa.).The Pesticides of the invention, compositions of pesticide combinations and formulations can Seeds according to any conventional seed treatment method including, but not limited to, Mixtures in a container (eg a bottle or a bag), mechanical application, tumbling, spraying and diving. For bringing in seed with Pesticides according to the invention can be traditional Active or inert materials are used, as traditional ones Film makers, including, but not limited to, Water-based film-forming agents such as Sepiret (Seppic, Inc., Fairfield, N.J.) and Opacoat (Berwind Pharm. Services, Westpoint, Pa.).
Saatgutbeschichtung:Seed coating:
Die
vorliegende Kombination von Pestiziden kann auf Saatgut als Komponente
einer Saatgutbeschichtung aufgetragen werden. Es eignen sich fachbekannte
Saatgutbeschichtungsmethoden und -zusammensetzungen, wenn sie durch
Zusatz von einer der Ausführungsformen der erfindungsgemäßen
Kombination von Pestiziden modifiziert werden. Solche Beschichtungsmethoden
und -geräte für ihre Aufbringung sind z. B. in
den
Bindemittel, die sich für die vorliegende Erfindung eignen, umfassen vorzugsweise ein Klebstoffpolymer, das natürlich oder synthetisch sein kann und das auf das zu beschichtende Saatgut keine phytotoxische Wirkung ausübt. Das Bindemittel kann aus der folgenden Reihe ausgewählt sein: Polyvinylacetate, Polyvinylacetatcopolymere, Polyvinylalkohole, Polyvinylalkoholcopolymere, Cellulosen, darunter Ethylcellulosen, Methylcellulosen, Hydroxymethylcellulosen, Hydroxypropylcellulosen und Carboxymethylcellulose, Polyvinylpyrrolidone, Polysaccharide, darunter Stärke, modifizierte Stärke, Dextrine, Maltodextrine, Alginat und Chitosane, Fette, Öle, Proteine, darunter Gelatine und Zeine, Gummi-Arabicum-Arten, Schellack-Arten Vinylidenchlorid und Vinylidenchloridcopolymere, Calciumlignosulfonate, Acrylsäurecopolymere, Polyvinylacrylate, Polyethylenoxid, Acrylamidpolymere und -copolymere, Polyhydroxyethylacrylat, Methylacrylamidmonomere und Polychloropren.Binder, which are suitable for the present invention include preferably an adhesive polymer that is natural or synthetic can be and that on the seed to be coated no phytotoxic effect exercises. The binder can be selected from the following series polyvinyl acetates, polyvinyl acetate copolymers, polyvinyl alcohols, Polyvinyl alcohol copolymers, celluloses, including ethylcelluloses, Methylcelluloses, hydroxymethylcelluloses, hydroxypropylcelluloses and carboxymethylcellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidones, polysaccharides, including starch, modified starch, dextrins, Maltodextrins, alginate and chitosans, fats, oils, proteins, including gelatin and zein, gum arabic species, shellac species Vinylidene chloride and vinylidene chloride copolymers, calcium lignosulfonates, Acrylic acid copolymers, polyvinyl acrylates, polyethylene oxide, Acrylamide polymers and copolymers, polyhydroxyethyl acrylate, methylacrylamide monomers and polychloroprene.
Der Binder wird vorzugsweise so ausgewählt, dass er als Matrix für die vorliegende Kombination von Pestiziden dienen kann. Obwohl sich alle die obengenannten Bindemittel als Matrix eignen können, wird das spezifische Bindemittel von den Eigenschaften der Kombination der Pestizide abhängen. Der Ausdruck „Matrix” bedeutet im vorliegenden Zusammenhang eine kontinuierliche feste Phase von einer oder mehreren Bindemittelverbindungen, in der als diskontinuierliche Phase eine oder mehrere der vorliegenden Kombinationen von Pestiziden verteilt ist. Gegebenenfalls können auch ein Füllstoff und/oder andere Komponenten in der Matrix vorhanden sein. Der Ausdruck Matrix soll auch das beinhalten, was als ein Matrixsystem, ein Reservoirsystem oder ein mikroverkapseltes System angesehen werden kann. Im Allgemeinen besteht ein Matrixsystem aus einer erfindungsgemäßen Kombination von Pestiziden und Füllstoff, die einheitlich innerhalb eines Polymers dispergiert sind, während ein Re servoirsystem aus einer getrennten Phase, die die vorliegende Kombination von Pestiziden umfasst, welche physikalisch innerhalb einer umgebenden, die Abgabegeschwindigkeit begrenzenden polymeren Phase dispergiert ist, besteht. Die Mikroverkapselung beinhaltet die Beschichtung von kleinen Partikeln oder Tröpfchen einer Flüssigkeit, jedoch auch Dispersionen, in einer festen Matrix.The binder is preferably selected so that it can serve as a matrix for the present combination of pesticides. Although all of the above-mentioned binders may be suitable as a matrix, the specific binder will depend on the properties of the combination of the pesticides. The term "matrix" in the present context means a continuous solid phase of one or more binder compounds in which one or more of the present combinations of pesticides is distributed as a discontinuous phase. Optionally, a filler and / or other components may also be present in the matrix. The term matrix is also intended to include what may be considered a matrix system, a reservoir system or a microencapsulated system. In general, there is a matrix system from a combination of pesticides and filler of the invention uniformly dispersed within a polymer, while a reservoir phase system consists of a separate phase comprising the present combination of pesticides physically dispersed within a surrounding rate-limiting polymeric phase. Microencapsulation involves the coating of small particles or droplets of a liquid, but also dispersions, in a solid matrix.
Die Menge an Bindemittel in der Beschichtung kann schwanken, wird jedoch im Bereich von ungefähr 0,01 bis ungefähr 25 Gewichtsprozent des Saatguts, stärker bevorzugt von ungefähr 0,05 bis ungefähr 15%, noch stärker bevorzugt von ungefähr 0,1 bis ungefähr 10%, liegen.The Amount of binder in the coating may vary, but will in the range of about 0.01 to about 25 weight percent of the seed, more preferably about 0.05 to about 15%, more preferably about 0.1 to about 10%.
Wie oben erwähnt kann die Matrix gegebenenfalls einen Füllstoff beinhalten. Bei dem Füllstoff kann es sich um einen fachbekannten absorbierenden oder inerten Füllstoff handeln, darunter Holzmehle, Tone, Aktivkohle, Zucker, Diatomeenerde, Getreidemehle, feinteilige anorganische Feststoffe, Calciumcarbonat und dergleichen. Zu Tonen und anorganischen Feststoffen, die verwendet werden können, zählen Calciumbentonit, Kaolin, Porzellanerde, Talk, Perlit, Glimmer, Vermiculit, Siliciumdioxide, Quarzpulver, Montmorillonit und deren Mischungen. Zu Zuckern, die sich eignen können, zählen Dextrin und Maltodextrin. Zu Getreidemehlen zählen Weizenmehl, Hafermehl und Gerstenmehl.As As mentioned above, the matrix may optionally contain a filler include. The filler may be a well known one including absorbing or inert filler Wood flour, clays, activated charcoal, sugar, diatomaceous earth, cereal flours, finely divided inorganic solids, calcium carbonate and the like. To clays and inorganic solids that can be used include calcium bentonite, kaolin, china clay, talc, perlite, Mica, vermiculite, silicas, quartz powder, montmorillonite and their mixtures. To sugars that may be suitable include dextrin and maltodextrin. Count on cereal flours Wheat flour, oatmeal and barley flour.
Die Auswahl des Füllstoffs erfolgt so, dass dieser ein geeignetes Mikroklima für das Saatgut bereitstellt, so wird z. B. der Füllstoff dazu verwendet, um die Menge der Beladung mit den Wirkstoffen zu erhöhen und die kontrollierte Freisetzung der Wirkstoffe einzustellen. Der Füllstoff kann als Hilfe bei der Herstellung oder beim Vorgang der Saatgutbeschichtung dienen. Die Füllstoffmenge kann schwanken, das Gewicht der Füllstoffkomponenten wird jedoch im Allgemeinen im Bereich von ungefähr 0,05 bis ungefähr 75 Gewichtsprozent des Saatguts, stärker bevorzugt von ungefähr 0,1 bis ungefähr 50%, noch stärker bevorzugt von ungefähr 0,5 bis 15% liegen.The Selection of the filler is such that this is a suitable Provides microclimate for the seed, so z. B. The filler used to increase the amount of loading with the active ingredients increase and the controlled release to adjust the active ingredients. The filler can be as an aid serve in the production or the process of seed coating. The amount of filler can vary, the weight of the filler components however, generally will be in the range of about 0.05 up to about 75% by weight of the seed, stronger preferably from about 0.1 to about 50%, still more preferably from about 0.5 to 15%.
Die Pestizide, die sich für die Beschichtung eignen, sind die im vorliegenden Text beschriebenen Kombinationen von Pestiziden. Die Pestizidmenge, die in der Beschichtung eingearbeitet ist, wird in Abhängigkeit von der Art des Saatguts und der Art der Wirkstoffe variieren, die Beschichtung wird jedoch eine pestizidwirksame Menge der Kombination von Pestiziden enthalten. Handelt es sich bei den Angriffspunkt darstellenden tierischen Schädlingen um Insekten, so wird es sich bei der Menge um eine insektizidwirksame Menge der Kombination von Insektiziden handeln. Im vorliegenden Zusammenhang bedeutet eine insektizidwirksame Menge diejenige Menge an Insektizid, die Schadinsekten im Larven- oder Puppenstadium ihres Wachstums abtötet oder die das durch Schadinsekten verursachte Schadensausmaß beträchtlich reduziert oder verzögert. Im Allgemeinen wird die Pestizidmenge in der Beschichtung im Bereich von ungefähr 0,005 bis 50 Gewichtsprozent des Saatguts liegen. Ein stärker bevorzugter Bereich des Pestizids ist ungefähr 0,01 bis ungefähr 40%, stärker bevorzugt ist ungefähr 0,05 bis ungefähr 20%.The Pesticides that are suitable for coating are the combinations of pesticides described herein. The amount of pesticide incorporated in the coating becomes depending on the type of seed and the type of seed Active ingredients vary, but the coating becomes pesticidal Amount of the combination of pesticides included. Is it? at the point of attack representing animal pests insects, the amount will be insecticidal Amount of combination of insecticides act. In the present In connection, an insecticidally effective amount means that amount insecticide, insect pests in the larval or pupal stage of their Kills growth or that caused by insect pests Extent of damage significantly reduced or delayed. in the Generally, the amount of pesticide in the coating is in the range from about 0.005 to 50% by weight of the seed lie. A more preferred range of the pesticide is about 0.01 to about 40%, stronger preferred is about 0.05 to about 20%.
Die genaue Menge der Kombination von Pestiziden, die in der Beschichtung eingearbeitet ist, wird vom Fachmann leicht bestimmt und wird von der Größe des zu beschichtenden Saatguts abhängen. Die Pestizide der Beschichtung dürfen die Keimung des Saatguts nicht hemmen und sollten eine Schutzwirkung für das Saatgut und/oder die Pflanze während derjenigen Zeit im Lebenszyklus des als Angriffspunkt dienenden Insekts bereitstellen, während der es Schaden am Saatgut oder an der Pflanze verursacht. Im Allgemeinen wird die Beschichtung ungefähr 0 bis 120 Tage nach dem Säen wirksam sein.The exact amount of the combination of pesticides used in the coating is easily determined by the expert and is of depend on the size of the seed to be coated. The pesticides of the coating allow germination of the seed do not inhibit and should provide a protective effect for the seed and / or the plant during that time in the life cycle of the attacking insect while which causes damage to the seed or the plant. In general, will the coating about 0 to 120 days after sowing be effective.
Die Beschichtung ist besonders wirksam für das Aufnehmen von hohen Beladungen mit Pestizid, wie dies für die Bekämpfung von typisch schwer zu bekämpfenden Schädlingen wie dem Maiswurzelbohrer erforderlich sein kann, wobei gleichzeitig eine nichtannehmbare Phytotoxizität aufgrund der erhöhten Beladung mit dem Pestizid vermieden wird.The Coating is particularly effective for picking up high levels of pesticide contamination, as is the case for control of typically difficult to control pests as the corn rootworm may be required while being at the same time unacceptable phytotoxicity due to the increased Loading with the pesticide is avoided.
Gegebenenfalls kann ein Weichmacher in der Beschichtungsformulierung verwendet werden. Weichmacher werden typischerweise dafür verwendet, um den Film, der von der Beschichtungsschicht gebildet wird, flexibler zu gestalten, um die Adhäsion und das Spreiten zu verbessern und um die Verarbeitungsgeschwindigkeit zu erhöhen. Eine verbesserte Filmflexibilität ist für die Minimierung des Abplatzens, Brechens oder Abflockens während der Lagerungs-, Handhabungs- oder Sävorgänge wichtig. Es können viele Weichmacher eingesetzt werden. Zu nützlichen Weichmachern zählen jedoch Polyethylenglykol, Glycerin, Butylbenzylphthalat, Glykolbenzoate und verwandte Verbindungen. Die Menge an Weichmacher in der Beschichtungsschicht wird im Bereich von ungefähr 0,1 bis ungefähr 20 Gew.-% liegen.Possibly For example, a plasticizer may be used in the coating formulation become. Plasticizers are typically used to to make the film formed by the coating layer more flexible to improve the adhesion and spreading and to increase the processing speed. A improved film flexibility is for minimization spalling, breaking or flaking during storage, Handling or sowing operations important. It can many plasticizers are used. To useful plasticizers but include polyethylene glycol, glycerol, butyl benzyl phthalate, Glycolzoate and related compounds. The amount of plasticizer in the coating layer is in the range of about 0.1 to about 20 wt .-% are.
Handelt es sich bei der bei der Beschichtung verwendeten Pestizidkombination um eine ölartige Formulierung und ist nur wenig oder kein Füllstoff vorhanden, so kann es sinnvoll sein, den Trocknungsvorgang durch Trocknen der Formulierung zu beschleunigen. Dieser optionale Schritt kann mit im Fachgebiet allgemein bekannten Mitteln erfolgen und kann die Zugabe von Calciumcarbonat, Kaolin- oder Bentonitton, Perlit, Diatomeenerde oder einem beliebigen absorbierenden Material beinhalten, wobei die Zugabe vorzugsweise gleichzeitig mit der Pestizidbeschichtungsschicht zur Absorption des Öls oder überschüssiger Feuchtigkeit erfolgt. Die Menge an Calciumcarbonat oder verwandten Verbindungen, die zur effektiven Bereitstellung einer trockenen Beschichtung notwendig ist, liegt dabei im Bereich von ungefähr 0,5 bis ungefähr 10 Gewichtsprozent des Saatguts.If the pesticide combination used in the coating is an oil-like form mulation and little or no filler is present, it may be useful to accelerate the drying process by drying the formulation. This optional step may be carried out by means well known in the art and may involve the addition of calcium carbonate, kaolin or bentonite clay, perlite, diatomaceous earth or any absorbent material, preferably added simultaneously with the pesticide coating layer to absorb the oil or excess moisture. The amount of calcium carbonate or related compounds necessary to effectively provide a dry coating ranges from about 0.5 to about 10 percent by weight of the seed.
Die mit der Kombination von Pestiziden gebildeten Beschichtungen eignen sich dafür, eine langsame Freisetzungsgeschwindigkeit des Pestizids durch Diffusion oder Bewegung durch die Matrix an das umgebende Medium zu bewirken.The suitable for use with the combination of pesticides for a slow release rate of the Pesticides by diffusion or movement through the matrix to the cause surrounding medium.
Die Beschichtung kann auf beinahe alle im vorliegenden Text beschriebenen Kulturpflanzensaatgüter aufgebracht werden, darunter Getreide, Gemüse, Zierpflanzen und Früchte.The Coating can be applied to almost all of the text here Cultivated seed, including cereals, Vegetables, ornamental plants and fruits.
Zusätzlich zu der Beschichtungsschicht kann das Saatgut mit einem oder mehreren der folgenden Bestandteile behandelt werden: sonstige Pestizide, darunter Fungizide und Herbizide, Herbizid-Safener, Düngemittel und/oder biologische Schädlingsbekämpfungsmittel. Diese Bestandteile können als getrennte Schicht hinzugefügt werden oder auch in der pestiziden Beschichtungsschicht zugesetzt werden.additionally to the coating layer, the seed may be one or more treated with the following ingredients: other pesticides, including fungicides and herbicides, herbicide safener, fertilizers and / or biological pesticides. These ingredients can be added as a separate layer or in the pesticidal coating layer become.
Die Pestizidformulierung kann auf die Saatgüter unter Verwendung von traditionellen Beschichtungstechniken und -geräten aufgebracht werden, wie Wirbelbetttechniken, der Weizenmühlenmethode, Rotor/Stator-Beizmaschinen und Trommelbeschichtungsmaschinen. Andere Methoden wie Sprudelbetten können sich ebenfalls eignen. Die Saatgüter können vor der Beschichtung klassiert werden (Größe 5). Nach der Beschichtung werden die Saatgüter typischerweise getrocknet und dann zur Klassierung in eine Klassierungsmaschine gegeben. Solche Vorgehensweisen sind fachbekannt.The Pesticide formulation can be applied to the seeds of traditional coating techniques and equipment be applied, such as fluidized bed techniques, the wheat mill method, Rotor / stator pickling machines and drum coating machines. Other Methods such as bubble beds can also be suitable. The seeds can be classified before coating be (size 5). After the coating will be The seeds are typically dried and then graded placed in a classification machine. Such approaches are known in the art.
Die pestizidbehandelten Saatgüter können auch mit einer Filmabschlussschicht umschlossen werden, um die Pestizidbeschichtung zu schützen. Solche Abschlussschichten sind fachbekannt und können unter Verwendung von traditionellen Wirbelbett- und Trommel-Filmbeschichtungstechniken aufgebracht werden.The pesticide-treated seeds can also be used with a film finish layer to the pesticide coating to protect. Such finishing layers are known in the art and can be done using traditional fluidized bed and drum film coating techniques.
In einer weiteren Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung kann ein Pestizid auf oder in ein Saatgut dadurch eingeführt werden, dass man eine Vorbehandlung mit einer festen Matrix verwendet. So kann z. B. eine gewisse Menge des Pestizids mit einem festen Matrixmaterial vermischt werden und das Saatgut kann dann mit dem festen Matrixmaterial so lange in Kontakt gebracht werden, dass das Pestizid in das Saatgut eingetragen wird. Das Saatgut kann dann gegebenenfalls von dem festen Matrixmaterial abgetrennt und gelagert oder verwendet werden, oder die Mischung aus festem Matrixmaterial und Saatgut kann direkt gelagert oder ausgepflanzt werden. Zu festen Matrixmaterialien, die sich für die vorliegende Erfindung eignen, zählen Polyacrylamid, Stärke, Ton, Siliciumdioxid, Aluminiumdioxid, Erde, Sand, Polyharnstoff, Polyacrylat und jegliches andere Material, das fähig ist, das Pestizid für eine gewisse Zeit zu absorbieren oder adsorbieren und dieses Pestizid in oder auf das Saatgut freizusetzen. Es ist nützlich sicherzustellen, dass das Pestizid und das feste Matrixmaterial miteinander verträglich sind. So sollte das feste Matrixmaterial z. B. so gewählt werden, dass es das Pestizid mit einer adäquaten Geschwindigkeit, z. B. im Verlauf von Minuten, Stunden oder Tagen, freisetzen kann.In another embodiment of the present invention It can introduce a pesticide on or into a seed be that one uses a pretreatment with a solid matrix. So z. B. a certain amount of the pesticide with a solid Matrix material can be mixed and then the seed can be mixed with the solid matrix material so long in contact the pesticide is entered in the seed. The seed can then optionally separated from the solid matrix material and stored or used, or the mixture of solid matrix material and seed can be stored directly or planted out. To firm Matrix materials that are suitable for the present invention include polyacrylamide, starch, clay, silica, Alumina, earth, sand, polyurea, polyacrylate and any other material that is capable of pesticide for to absorb or adsorb some time and this pesticide in or on the seed. It is useful to make sure that the pesticide and the solid matrix material compatible with each other are. So should the solid matrix material z. B. chosen be that it releases the pesticide at an adequate rate, z. B. in the course of minutes, hours or days, can release.
Eine weitere Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung ist das Tränken als weiteres Verfahren zur Behandlung von Saatgut mit dem Pestizid. Z. B. kann pflanzliches Saatgut für einen gewissen Zeitraum mit einer Lösung, die ungefähr 1 Gew.-% bis ungefähr 75 Gew.-% des Pestizids in einem Lösungsmittel wie Wasser umfasst, zusammengegeben werden. Vorzugsweise beträgt die Konzentration der Lösung ungefähr 5 Gew.-% bis ungefähr 50 Gew.-%, stärker bevorzugt ungefähr 10 Gew.-% bis ungefähr 25 Gew.-%. Während des Zeitraums, über den das Saatgut mit der Lösung kombiniert ist, nimmt das Saatgut einen Teil des Pestizids auf (bzw. wird damit getränkt). Gegebenenfalls kann die Mischung aus pflanzlichem Saatgut und Lösung bewegt werden, z. B. durch Schütteln, Rollen, Tau meln oder auf andere Art und Weise. Nach dem Tränken kann das Saatgut von der Lösung abgetrennt und gegebenenfalls getrocknet werden, z. B. durch Trockentupfen oder Trocknen an der Luft.A Another embodiment of the present invention soaking as another method of treating seed with the pesticide. For example, can plant seeds for a certain period of time with a solution that is about From 1% to about 75% by weight of the pesticide in one Solvents such as water, can be combined. Preferably, the concentration of the solution about 5 wt% to about 50 wt%, stronger preferably about 10% to about 25% by weight. During the period over which the seed with combined with the solution, the seeds take a part of the pesticide (or soaked with it). Possibly can move the mixture of vegetable seeds and solution be, for. B. by shaking, rolling, dew or on other way. After soaking, the seed can separated from the solution and optionally dried be, for. B. by dry blotting or drying in air.
In einer weiteren Ausführungsform kann ein pulverförmiges Pestizid direkt mit Saatgut vermischt werden. Gegebenenfalls kann ein Klebemittel eingesetzt werden, um das Pulver an der Oberfläche des Saatguts haften zu lassen. So kann z. B. eine gewisse Menge Saatgut mit einem Klebemittel vermischt werden und gegebenenfalls bewegt werden, um eine einheitliche Beschichtung des Saatguts mit dem Klebemittel zu fördern. Das mit dem Klebemittel beschichtete Saatgut kann dann mit dem pulverförmigen Pestizid vermischt werden. Die Mischung kann z. B. durch Taumeln bewegt werden, um den Kontakt zwischen dem Klebemittel und dem pulverförmigen Pestizid zu fördern, was dazu führt, dass das pulverförmige Pestizid an dem Saatgut kleben bleibt.In another embodiment, a powdered pesticide may be mixed directly with seed. Optionally, an adhesive may be employed to adhere the powder to the surface of the seed. So z. B. a certain amount of seed mixed with an adhesive and ge be moved if necessary, to promote a uniform coating of the seed with the adhesive. The coated with the adhesive seed can then be mixed with the powdered pesticide. The mixture can z. By tumbling to promote contact between the adhesive and the powdered pesticide, causing the powdered pesticide to stick to the seed.
Die vorliegende Erfindung stellt auch ein Saatgut, das mit dem obenbeschriebenen Verfahren behandelt worden ist, bereit. Die erfindungsgemäßen behandelten Saatgüter können für die Vermehrung von Pflanzen wie traditionelle behandelte Saatgüter eingesetzt werden. Die behandelten Saatgüter können auf gleiche Art und Weise wie irgendwelche anderen mit Pestizid behandelten Saatgüter gelagert, gehandhabt, gesät und angebaut werden. Es sollten entsprechende Sicherheitsmaßnahmen getroffen werden, um den Kontakt des behandelten Saatguts mit dem Menschen, mit Nahrungs- oder Futtermitteln, mit dem Wasser und mit Vögeln und wildlebenden Tieren oder Haustieren einzuschränken.The The present invention also provides a seed which has been described above Procedure has been treated. The invention treated seeds can be used for the Propagation of plants such as traditional treated seeds be used. The treated seeds can in the same way as any other with pesticide treated seeds stored, handled, sown and grown. There should be appropriate security measures be taken to the contact of the treated seed with the People, with food or feed, with the water and with Restricting birds and wildlife or pets.
ZITATE ENTHALTEN IN DER BESCHREIBUNGQUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION
Diese Liste der vom Anmelder aufgeführten Dokumente wurde automatisiert erzeugt und ist ausschließlich zur besseren Information des Lesers aufgenommen. Die Liste ist nicht Bestandteil der deutschen Patent- bzw. Gebrauchsmusteranmeldung. Das DPMA übernimmt keinerlei Haftung für etwaige Fehler oder Auslassungen.This list The documents listed by the applicant have been automated generated and is solely for better information recorded by the reader. The list is not part of the German Patent or utility model application. The DPMA takes over no liability for any errors or omissions.
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