DE102009006030A1 - Sound sensor i.e. ultrasonic sensor, arrangement for use on rear side of component e.g. bumper, of motor vehicle, has two regions comprising thickness gaps, ramp and slots that cause impedance difference in arrangement - Google Patents

Abstract

The arrangement has a sound sensor (20) for sending and/or receiving acoustic waves and shifting a component in bending waves. The sensor is arranged in a passband region (50) of the component (30) that is surrounded by an absorption region (40). The absorption region is formed on a rear side of the component. The two regions comprise thickness gaps (60), a ramp, and slots, where the gaps, the ramp, and the slots cause impedance difference in the arrangement.

Description

The The present invention relates to the arrangement of an ultrasonic sensor with the preamble of claim 1 and a component with the preamble according to claim 3.

at Automotive vehicles are currently ultrasonic sensors for measuring the Removal of the motor vehicle used by an object. The ultrasonic sensor This is for example in connection with a distance display and a parking aid used. For distance measurement the ultrasonic sensor emits by means of a vibrating membrane or generally an actuator, a directed ultrasound signal, the the object is reflected and then back from the ultrasonic sensor itself or another sensor is detected.

Out the duration of the ultrasonic signal can be the distance of the object at which the ultrasonic signal is reflected has been. The ultrasonic sensor is usually in a Module attached to or in the motor vehicle. Usually In this case, the ultrasonic sensor is received by a holder, the a decoupling of the vibrating ultrasonic sensor from the bumper guaranteed and the attachment for example in Interior of the bumper allowed. In the bumper is then provided an opening through which the ultrasonic sensor emit the ultrasonic signals to the outside and again can receive.

Such ultrasonic sensors or ultrasonic transducers, which differ in terms of structure and technology used, for example, from the publications DE 197 14 606 A1 and DE 100 18 807 A1 known.

The DE 10 2004 050 794 A1 discloses a device for detecting the surroundings of a movable object, in particular a motor vehicle, in an air environment with a transmitter for emitting ultrasonic waves and with a receiver for detecting the ultrasonic waves emitted by the transmitter and reflected by an obstacle. To achieve a long range of the device, it is proposed inter alia that the transmitter arranged side by side comprises a first single transmitter for emitting ultrasonic waves having a first transmission frequency and a second single transmitter for emitting ultrasonic waves having a second transmission frequency different from the first transmission frequency.

Next The technology is also the claims lately the manufacturer and buyer regarding the arrangement and the design of the component into which the ultrasonic sensor is integrated should be increased. Especially in motor vehicles components, like bumpers, doors and the like, desired, in which the arranged from the outside Technology is not suggestively visible.

For example, the sensors and their holders are pre-painted in a corresponding body color or chrome-plated. For example, as in the patent DE 100 23 065 B4 described, mounting holes punched on painted bumpers, glued the pre-painted holder and the pre-painted sensors in the holder (together with a plastic ring for acoustic decoupling of the sensor from the bumper) clipped. In the DE 100 23 065 B4 Thus, the sensors are not hidden, but designed in the same color, so that they are barely visible but not completely disappear from the surface of the component.

Another solution is in the DE 44 10 895 A1 intended. The publication describes a method for concealed installation of a sensor in an automotive exterior, wherein the sensor at a predetermined location of the motor vehicle outer part, preferably with the membrane, flush with the outer surface of the motor vehicle outer part is fixed and at least the point at which the sensor is located with one of the contour of the motor vehicle outer part adapted cover is provided. The patent application also describes an associated device. Here, in turn, disturbs the cover, which ultimately also remains at least suggestively visible.

Known is further to incorporate ultrasonic measuring systems to a distance measurement for parking aids. The measuring systems based on thin, circular piezoceramic discs, which is applied to the bottom of a barrel-shaped metal cap become. In this cap is also an electronics installed and potted for sensor-related analysis of the signals. about the usually circular piezoceramic discs is a Airborne ultrasound field emitted when hitting an obstacle is reflected and sensed by the same piezoceramic disk becomes. From the duration of the reflected signal leaves calculate the distance of an obstacle.

In addition, it is possible to mount the sensors on the bumper or door panel, in principle so on the back of components of a motor vehicle, completely invisible from the outside. This makes it possible to durchschallen through components (send and receive) by itself on flat, quasi-planar components with the component on the back side piezoceramics, wherein the component is excited based on the sound waves of the sensor, resulting in the component bending waves , which then propagate from the component again as sound waves in the environment, so sent and can be received by the sound sensor again. The problem is that it can come through the so-called "coincidence" to the strong disturbance of the results. In the case of the coincidence effect, the vibrational excitation of the flat component causes a bending wave to propagate in the material which under certain component conditions, namely material thickness, elasticity, frequency, area density, has the same propagation velocity as a sound wave of the same frequency in air. This leads to the so-called lane adjustment or the coincidence effect. In the case of lane alignment, there is a directional, distributed over a large part of the bumper sound radiation of a plane wave, which is radiated at a specific angle, which is determined by the ratio of the bending wavelength in the component and the airborne sound wavelength. This effect is in the description section with the help of 5 to 7 described in more detail. Ignoring the coincidence effect would prevent the use of hidden piezosensors as rangefinders for the above-mentioned applications, as radiation of a plane airborne sound wave propagated over a large area of the bumper area greatly impedes the location of obstacles.

outgoing From this prior art, it is the object of the invention, a Offer a solution that uses a sound sensor on the back of a component under transmission of the component and avoiding the coincidence effect occurring in the component allows.

The Invention proceeds from a sound sensor (in particular ultrasonic sensor) from, which is arranged on the back of a component and a transmitter and / or receiver with an actuator for transmission and / or a sound sensor for receiving on a Obstacle reflected sound waves, especially ultrasonic waves, and associated electronics for generating and / or evaluating includes the emitted and received sound waves.

That the sound sensor is an actuator for transmission and / or a sound sensor has to receive, stems from the fact that transmitter (Actuator) and receiver (sensor) may not be arranged in a same location have to. For example, on the back behind the bumper of a motor vehicle only the transmitter or the receiver can be arranged while the respective associated receivers or transmitters other bodies of a motor vehicle are arranged. Usually But sound sensors are used in which transmitter (actuator) and Receiver (sensor) arranged in a unit in the same location are.

The The object of the invention is advantageously achieved by that a sound waves emitting and / or receiving and the Component in each case in bending waves offset sound sensor in one on the back of the component of a damping area surrounding passage region of the component is arranged, wherein at least one of the areas one, causing an impedance difference, Embodiment, so that in the component a coincidence effect Avoidable and / or also a directional influence of the component Transmitted in the passband sound waves is effected.

Prefers it is provided that the sound sensor at least one piezoceramic element which, as the base element within a piezoceramic module with a specifiable actuatoric and / or sensory power equipped with the piezoceramic module from the outside not visible integrated into the component or can be applied to the component is. In this case, the component has an embodiment on the back, which avoids a coincidence effect in the component and / or a directional influence causes the emitted from the component in the passband sound waves.

The embodiments of the invention cause a Impedance difference between the damping range and the Passage region of the component, which of the emitted and / or received sound waves of a sound sensor to be excited, so that the sound waves in the component primarily on the passage area be limited.

According to the invention in a first embodiment, the impedance jump between damping and pass band through one on the back of the Components trained Dickensprung in the damping area caused. The fat jump represents a change the material thickness compared to the passage area and opposite to the rest of the damping range of the component outside the Dickensprunges dar.

In In a second embodiment, the impedance jump in the component between Damping area and the passage area through a, on the back of the component trained, ramp in the damping area caused. The ramp turns one from the passband to the other Damping range of the component directed towards reduction the material thickness of the component is. Preferably, the Material thickness in the passage area below the material thickness of the remaining damping range of the component outside the Dickensprunges or the ramp executed.

Prefers In a third embodiment, the impedance jump in the component between the damping region and the passband directly or close to the size of the sound sensor dependent edge of the passband through a, on the back of the component trained slit evoked. In a further preferred embodiment, the slit follows in the component the shape of the sound sensor or is independent of circular or rectilinear transverse and / or longitudinal to the main axis of the Components continuous or punctiform executed.

In a fourth embodiment, the impedance jump in the component between Attenuation range and the passband by one, arranged on the back of the component, the sound sensor Surrounding in the passage area, damping ring evacuated, wherein the damping ring has an opening. Characterized in that the damping ring has an opening, is a sound wave radiated by the bending wave in its Propagation direction controllable.

In Another preferred embodiment is the opening of Damping ring a gap, by means of a rotatable, in or on the component provided adapter assembly [Adaptronics] the damping ring and thus the gap in one predeterminable direction aligned and a beam can be generated.

For the passband is in a fifth embodiment proposed the invention, the material thickness and stiffness to tune to the resonant frequency of the sound sensor.

In A sixth embodiment is the generation of the impedance discontinuity between passband and attenuation range by backside Attaching a damping lining in the damping area hervorrufbar. In this case, according to the invention, the damping Covering a foam or an elastomer or the like.

In In a seventh embodiment, it is possible to use the Impedance jump in the component between the damping area and the passband by varying stiffness and / or mass of the areas.

After all is the impedance jump in the component between the damping range and the passband by increasing the flexural rigidity the damping area opposite the passage area caused by the damping area on the back of the component stiffening elements or stiffening layers (such as grooves) continuous or punctiform introduced into the construction part or blocks and / or ribs or the like are attached.

According to the invention the said embodiments in combination of two or more Embodiments are performed simultaneously on the component. It is also conceivable stiffening elements on the sound sensor itself integrated so that after attachment, in particular bonding of the sound sensor to the component an impedance jump caused in the component.

The invention is based on the prior art ( 5 to 7 ) in embodiments with reference to the associated 1 to 4 explained in more detail. Show it:

1 a schematic representation of a first embodiment of a component for the arrangement of a sound sensor while avoiding the coincidence effect;

2 a schematic representation of a second embodiment of a component for the arrangement of a sound sensor while avoiding the coincidence effect;

3 a schematic representation of a third embodiment of a component for the arrangement of a sound sensor while avoiding the coincidence effect;

4 a schematic representation of a fourth embodiment of a component for arranging egg a sound sensor while avoiding the coincidence effect and for influencing the direction of the emitted from the component in a passband sound waves;

5 a schematic diagram of the wavelengths and directional ratios of the sound radiation from a component above the cutoff frequency with effect of the coincidence effect;

6 the coincidence effect 1: incident and radiated wave at a bending wave in a component;

7 the coincidence effect 2: a thicker component radiates a wave with a different wavelength than that of the thinner component, so that the exciting wave of the thin component can not cause any radiation on the thick component.

The 5 to 7 explain the physical basics of the sound radiation of a component 30 and the effect of coincidence or the so-called lane adjustment according to the prior art. In 5 are the wavelength ratios of the surface sound radiation on the component 30 , in particular on a flat, quasi-planar component 30 , such as a bumper or door panel or the like.

The component 30 is excited to bending waves (BW), such as the sound sensor / -aktor 20 or by an external airborne sound wave. The bending wave field in the component 30 creates a compression wave in the air due to the compression of the adjacent air. Here are the vibration velocity of the component 30 perpendicular to the component surface, parallel in the Z direction, and the sound velocity on the component surface equal vibroacoustic coupling.

For the emission of a plane airborne sound wave there is a so-called cutoff frequency:

If the frequency f of the airborne sound wave is smaller than this cutoff frequency (f <f _g ), the bending wave length of the component is 30 smaller than the wavelength of the adjacent airborne sound field. Then there is an exponential decay of the sound pressure with the distance z from the component. There is "acoustic short circuit" before.

If the frequency f of the airborne sound wave is greater than the cutoff frequency (f> f _g ), the bending wave length of the component is greater than the airborne sound wavelength. This results in the emission of a flat sound wave at an angle θ , Where:

The radiated airborne sound wave v _t thus matches with its projection on the component surface to the bending wavelength. The airborne sound wave leaves a "trace" on the component surface. This is usually referred to as track adjustment or coincidence. The occurrence of track matching or coincidence leads to a radiation of a plane airborne sound wave v _e over the entire component surface at an angle θ. Thus, the localization of obstacles on transit time measurement of the reflected wave from the obstacle is very inaccurate.

For airborne sound frequencies close to the cutoff frequency (F _g / f ≈ 1), there is a plate-parallel sound radiation at the angle θ = 90 °. These cases are exemplary in the 6 and 7 shown.

In 6 is shown a track adjustment for a component of thickness d ₂ . The component emits an airborne sound wave at an angle θ = 90 °. The wavelength λ _L is equal to the bending wavelength λ _{B of} the bending wave BW in the component (see equation 3).

7 shows a comparison of the wavelength ratios for a component of thickness d ₁ and a component of thickness d ₂ . Even with such a component of thickness d ₁ after 7 If there is track adaptation, it radiates airborne noise below θ = 90 °. This means that λ _B = λ _L. However, since the component thickness d _{1 is} greater than the component thickness d ₂ , the bending wavelength and thus the airborne sound wavelength of the component of the thickness d _{1 is} greater than for the component of the thickness d ₂ . So, both wavelengths of air do not match each other. In the presence of a bending wave length λ _B , which belongs to the component thickness d ₂ , so would a sudden thickness jump on the thickness d ₁ lead to no sound radiation, since the wavelength of the air would then be significantly larger.

The minimum of sound insulation, so the lowest attenuation in the component 30 resulting bending waves BW occurs slightly above the so-called cut-off frequency f _g .

The transition of sound from the air into the component 30 is then particularly good, but leads such a strong bending wave sound radiation of the component 30 To strong interference with the reception of sound waves, as it is currently not desired when using ultrasonic sensors to detect obstacles in the sensor area and the reception and the evaluation of the thrown back from the obstacle sound waves. So as soon as the dependence of the component thickness d, the bending stiffness B of the component 30 , the elasticity E and the area-related mass m '' the cut-off frequency f _{g is} reached, it comes just above this cut-off frequency f _g in the component 30 to the most unfavorable Durchschallungsbedingungen.

The over the entire component 30 strong radiation of even waves reduces the detection possibilities behind a component 30 invisibly mounted sound sensor 20 because of the strong bending wave sound radiation of the entire component 30 it is not clear from which local point (mounting point of the sound sensor 20 behind the component 30 ) the transmitted sound wave has actually been sent out.

To solve the problem and to improve the Durchschallungsbedingungen some embodiments of the invention are based on the 1 to 4 shown and described. Further embodiments will be explained without associated figures at the end of the description part.

The basic idea is the Durchschallungsbedingungen in the passband 50 ideal to design and the propagation conditions for the causing bending waves BW in the damping range 4 of the bumper 30 so unfavorable to make that the bending wave BW in a damping range 40 of the bumper is strongly attenuated. Here is the extent of the damping range 40 strong on the nature of detuning this damping range 40 dependent.

1 shows in a first embodiment to minimize the expansion of the damping region a thickness jump 60 in the component 30 , The fat jump 60 is narrow band effective, but minimizes the required expansion of the damping range 40 , The passband 50 In the sensor area, it is alternatively (as shown) even thinner than the sensor-remote part of the bumper 30 in the damping area 40 ,

2 In a second embodiment, the embodiment shows a ramp 70 , The continuous change in thickness in the ramp leads to a broadband detuning, so that all frequencies are attenuated. When tuning, the excitation frequency should nevertheless be taken into account. Again, the passband 50 alternatively (as in 1 shown) are made even thinner than the remaining part of the bumper 30 , 3 shows in a third embodiment, a slot for adjusting the sensor storage conditions. In the vicinity of the sound sensor 20 can be an impedance jump through a specially introduced slit 80 of, the sound sensor 20 be achieved directly adjacent material. The inserted slots 80 do not penetrate to the surface of the bumper 30 by. They represent a local, invisible to the outside weakening of the support material, which causes a change in the sensor storage conditions of a fixed connection to an articulated bearing, whereby longitudinal strains of the sound sensor 20 can not be fully transferred into the support structure of the bumper, whereby the damping area 40 opposite the passband 50 is also detuned.

4 shows a fourth embodiment, the change of the propagation conditions and. zusätz a directional influence of the sound waves, in the form of a targeted adaptation. the directional beam causes. Through a targeted opening 90B a damping ring 90 to the sound sensor 20 around, can specifically a bending wave BW of the bumper 30 be allowed in a predetermined direction in order to use a particularly directional and strong sound radiation can. This arrangement can be advantageous in applications such as curb detection or parking space measurement, in which one would like to measure mainly in one direction and as far as possible to bridge very long distances. By an adapted to the circumstances adapter 90A could such a damping ring 90 with an opening arranged at a predeterminable position 90B - For example, a gap - using a dedicated adapter 90A to form the alignment of the sound directing beam R. This can be the adapter 90A be designed to be rotatable to effect a targeted alignment of the sound directing beam R.

Further Embodiments of the invention will be described below with further use the reference number proposed. However, these embodiments are not shown in figures.

In a fifth embodiment, a total proposed, in the passband 50 the material thickness and stiffness on the resonant frequency of the sound sensor 20 vote.

In a sixth embodiment, it is proposed in the damping region 40 a damping limp and heavy covering with the surface of the bumper 30 connect (sound insulation by mass), in particular to glue, in order to effect a damping of the bending waves occurring in this area BW. Here, in the damping range 40 elastomeric or foam-like materials are used as a damping lining.

Furthermore, in a proposed seventh embodiment, the material of the bumper 30 even in the damping area 40 opposite the material in the passage area 50 be selected differently, whereby the bending stiffness B in the areas 40 . 50 is variable.

In an eighth embodiment, to increase the sound attenuation / insulation in the damping region 40 and avoiding the sound radiation proposed, the ratio of areal mass m '' and bending stiffness B as small as possible and thus to choose the cutoff frequency much lower than the ultrasonic frequency (sound insulation by stiffness), that is, a low mass of the bumper material per area m '' with a high bending stiffness B to combine. For this it is proposed, in total for the bumper 30 to use a material with a low mass per unit area m '' and in the damping area 40 to increase the bending stiffness by adding in the damping range 40 , preferably on the back of the bumper 30 , Stiffening elements (such as grooved grooves, blocks or the like) are formed / attached.

All mentioned embodiments may each alone or in Combination with at least one other embodiment applied become.

The respective embodiment ensures in a suitable way that between passband 50 the sound sensor 20 and damping range 40 an impedance jump is generated and the bending waves are prevented in the damping region at its propagation speed so damped or insulated, so that the coincidence effect on the bumper 30 can be avoided.

10

Piezoceramic element

20

Piezoceramic module [Sound sensor]

30

component or structural component [bumper]

40

attenuation range

50

Passband

60

Dick jump

70

ramp

80

slitting

90

damping ring

90A

Adapter [twisting of the damping ring 90 ]

90B

opening

R

directional beam

BW

flexural wave

f _g

cut-off frequency [Hz]

m ''

area-related mass of the slab [kg / m ² ]

B

bending stiffness the plate [Nm]

e

Young's modulus in N / mm ²

d

thickness [M]

d _{n = 1,2 ...}

Component thickness of the nth component d ₁

d _{n = 1,2 ...}

Component thickness Component thickness of the nth component d ₂

c

speed of sound in the air [340 m / s]

λ _B

wavelength in the component

λ _L

wavelength in air

V _e

incident Airborne sound wave

v _t

radiated Airborne sound wave

θ

Beam

γ

wavefront

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list The documents listed by the applicant have been automated generated and is solely for better information recorded by the reader. The list is not part of the German Patent or utility model application. The DPMA takes over no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• DE 19714606 A1 [0004]
• DE 10018807 A1 [0004]
• DE 102004050794 A1 [0005]
• - DE 10023065 B4 [0007, 0007]
• - DE 4410895 A1 [0008]

Claims (19)

Arrangement of a sound sensor, in particular ultrasonic sensor, on the back of a component, comprising a transmitter and / or receiver with an actuator for transmission and / or a sensor for receiving sound waves reflected at an obstacle and associated electronics for generating and / or evaluating the emitted and received sound waves, characterized in that the sound wave emitting and / or receiving and the component ( 30 ) each in bending waves (BW) staggering sound sensor ( 20 ) in one on the back of the component ( 30 ) of a damping area ( 40 ) surrounding passband ( 50 ) of the component ( 30 ), at least one of the regions ( 40 . 50 ), an impedance difference causing configuration ( 60 . 70 . 80 . 90 ), so that in the component ( 30 ) a coincidence effect avoidable and / or a directional influence of the component ( 30 ) in the passband ( 50 ) radiated sound waves is effected. Arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that the sound sensor at least one piezoceramic element ( 10 ), which as a base element within a piezoceramic module ( 20 ) is equipped with a predetermined actuator and / or sensory performance, wherein the piezoceramic module ( 20 ) not visible from the outside into the component ( 30 ) or on the component ( 30 ) is applicable. Component, in particular motor vehicle component, characterized in that the component ( 30 ) on the back of an embodiment ( 60 . 70 . 80 . 90 ), which in the component ( 30 ) avoids a coincidence effect or avoids the coincidence effect and, in addition, influences the direction of the component ( 30 ) in the passband ( 50 ) causes radiated sound waves. Component according to claim 3, characterized in that the embodiment ( 60 . 70 . 80 . 90 ) an impedance jump between the damping region ( 40 ) and the passband ( 50 ) of the component ( 30 ), which of the emitted and / or received sound waves of a sound sensor ( 20 ) is to be stimulated causes. Component according to claim 4, characterized in that in the component ( 30 ) an impedance jump between the damping region ( 40 ) and the passband ( 50 ) by a formed on the back of the component thickness jump ( 60 ) in the damping area ( 40 ) - a change in material thickness compared to the passband ( 50 ) and with respect to the rest of the damping area of the component ( 30 ) outside of the thickness jump ( 60 ) - Can be evoked. Component according to claim 4, characterized in that in the component ( 30 ) an impedance jump between the damping region ( 40 ) and the passband ( 50 ) by a on the back of the component ( 30 ) trained ramp ( 70 ) in the damping area ( 40 ) - one of the passband ( 50 ) to the rest of the damping area of the component ( 30 ) decreasing material thickness ( 60 ) - Can be evoked. Component according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that the material thickness in the passband ( 50 ) below the material thickness of the rest of the damping region of the component ( 30 ) outside of the thickness jump ( 60 ) or the ramp ( 70 ) is executed. Component according to claim 4, characterized in that in the component ( 30 ) an impedance jump between the damping region ( 40 ) and the passband ( 50 ) directly or close to the size of the sound sensor ( 20 ) dependent edge of the passband ( 50 ) by a on the back of the component ( 30 ) trained slit ( 80 ) can be evoked. Component according to claim 8, characterized in that the slit ( 80 ) in the component ( 30 ) the shape of the sound sensor ( 20 ) follows or independently thereof circular or straight across and / or longitudinal to the main axis of the component ( 30 ) is executed continuously or punctiform. Component according to claim 4, characterized in that in the component ( 30 ) an impedance jump between the damping region ( 40 ) and the passband ( 50 ) by one in the passband ( 50 ) between sound sensor ( 20 ) and damping range ( 40 ) on the back of the component ( 30 ) formed opening ( 90B ) within a sound sensor ( 20 ) enclosing damping ring ( 90 ) can be evoked. Component according to claim 10, characterized in that the damping ring ( 90 ) an opening ( 90B ), through which, through the bending shaft (BW) of the component ( 30 ), radiated sound wave is controllable in its direction of propagation. Component according to claim 11, characterized in that the opening ( 90B ) of the damping ring ( 90 ) by rotation of the damping ring ( 90 ) by a in or on the component ( 30 ) provided adapter ( 90A ) is alignable, whereby a direction of the radiated sound wave for generating a directional beam (R) can be predetermined. Component according to claim 4, characterized in that between the damping region ( 40 ) and the passband ( 50 ) an impedance discontinuity of the attenuation range ( 40 ) by the rearward attachment of a damping lining in the damping area ( 40 ) can be evoked. Component according to claim 4, characterized that the cushioning padding is a foam or an elastomer is. Component according to claim 4, characterized in that in the component ( 30 ) an impedance jump between the damping region ( 40 ) and the passband ( 50 ) by the variation of stiffness and / or mass of the regions ( 40 . 50 ) can be evoked. Component according to claim 15, characterized in that in the component ( 30 ) an impedance jump between the damping region ( 40 ) and the passband ( 50 ) by increasing the bending stiffness of the damping region ( 40 ) in the damping region ( 40 ) on the back of the component ( 30 ) Stiffening elements or stiffening layers such as grooves continuous or punctiform in the component ( 30 ) or blocks and / or ribs or the like are attached. Component according to claim 3, characterized in that in the passband ( 50 ) the material thickness and stiffness to the resonance frequency of the sound sensor ( 20 ) is tuned. Component according to claim 3, characterized in that the component ( 30 ) is formed according to at least one of claims 4 to 17, wherein two or more features are performed in combination. Motor vehicle with an arrangement or a component according to at least one of claims 1 and 2 respectively 3 to 18.