DE102009005857A1 - Reactor for gasification of e.g. gaseous fuel, in entrained flow, has joint arranged between monitoring channel and cooling screen opening, and tension safety device connected between opening and quench ring in pressure tight manner - Google Patents

Abstract

A reactor for the gasification of gaseous, liquid or solid fuels in the flow stream has a gas-tight welded in a pressure jacket cooling screen. For pressure equalization between the reaction chamber and cooling screen gap, a connection between the nitrogen-purged monitoring channel in the burner and the cooling screen gap is provided. For emergency release, an intrinsically safe overpressure safety device is arranged between the cooling screen gap and the quenching chamber. Damage to the cooling screen due to excessive pressure difference between the reaction space and cooling screen gap is avoided, caused by gasification in the cooling screen gap corrosion is excluded.

Description

The The invention relates to a reactor for the gasification of solid, liquid and gaseous fuels in the flow stream at temperatures between 1200 and 1900 ° C and pressures between Ambient pressure and 10 MPa (100 bar).

firm and liquid fuels can be different by coals Coal grading and cokes of different origin, but also flammable liquids with certain solids and Ash but also water, coal or oil-carbon suspensions, be given so-called slurries. Gaseous fuels can by gaseous hydrocarbons, in particular Natural gas, be given.

Known is a reactor for entrained flow gasification of different firm and liquid fuels containing a free oxygen Oxidizing agent under normal or elevated pressure.

Such a device goes out DE 197 181 31 A1 out. A detailed description of such a chiller-equipped gasification reactor can be found in US Pat J. Carl et al., NOELL CONVERSION PROCESS, EF publishing house for energy and environmental technology GmbH 1996, pages 32-33 ,

In the concept described therein is a gas-tight welded cooling tubes existing cooling screen inside a pressure vessel. This cooling screen is supported on a false floor and can be down Stretching freely above. This will ensure that when it occurs different temperatures due to startup and shutdown and consequent change in length no mechanical Tension may occur, possibly leading to destruction could lead. To accomplish this, is located no firm connection at the upper end of the cooling screen, but a gap between the cooling screen collar and the burner mounting flange, which ensures a free mobility. To a backflow the cooling screen gap at pressure fluctuations in the system of To prevent gasification gas, the cooling screen gap with rinsed in a dry, condensate and oxygen-free gas. Despite the flushing, it comes, as the practice shows, to the backflow with gasification gas, causing corrosion at the back of the Cooling screen or on the pressure jacket leads. This can to breakdowns until the destruction of the cooling screen or the pressure jacket.

disadvantage This version is that for pressure equalization between Cooling screen gap and reaction space inside the reactor a connection must exist under all conditions (reactor lining and relaxation) allows pressure equalization. Around To secure condition, the connection must also be one accordingly have a large cross-section, thus in particular in the Emergency release a quick gas exchange can be done and with respect the internal pressure is not too great pressure from the outside acts on the cooling screen. A big connection cross section but leads to the above problems regarding Corrosion.

Of the Invention is based on the problem, a simple, reliable and intrinsically safe design for a gasification reactor specify a pressure balance between the inside of the cooling screen located reaction space and the outside of the cooling screen located cooling screen gap causes and thereby an overflow from gasification gas into the cooling screen gap with the result avoids corrosion starting from there.

The Problem is solved by the features of claim 1.

According to the invention generally a firm connection of the cooling screen with the Pressure jacket or the upper reactor flange proposed, whereby the cooling screen gap and the gasification chamber as separate Rooms are executed. This is eliminated a continuous gas flush and a backflow by gasification gas is prevented. However, it has to be considered that during operation of the reactor, the reaction space with pressures up to 8 MPa (80 bar) is covered and thus the cooling screen with Internal pressure is charged, causing the destruction of the cooling screen would lead. For this reason, the gap is also behind the cooling screen pressure equal with covered to the To keep the differential pressure between the two rooms low.

Of the Operation of the reactor is made possible by means of a pilot burner and monitored. For this purpose, this pilot burner includes one Channel, which is purged with nitrogen and the whole Operating phase between pilot burner ignition at 0.3 MPa (3 bar) and continuous operation of the main burner to 8 MPa (80 bar) constantly is in operation. This nitrogen supply channel is always with the pressure in the reaction space at a pressure level.

According to the invention, an additional connecting line to the gap behind the cooling screen is created by this nitrogen supply. If the reaction space is now covered, the pressure in the gap behind the cooling screen also increases at the same time. As a result, there is only a very small pressure difference between the reaction space and the gap behind the cooling screen. Pressure fluctuations in the reaction chamber thus have no effect on the pressure in the cooling screen gap. With normal relaxing tion of the reactor takes place via the connecting line, a flow reversal, the reaction space as the cooling screen gap are uniformly relaxed, so that between the cooling screen gap and the reaction space no incriminating pressure difference occurs.

Of the used nitrogen proves to be a particularly suitable medium for covering the gap behind the cooling screen, as a result any corrosion is excluded behind the cooling screen can.

By the measure according to the invention is a uniform loading and relaxation of the reaction space and created the gap between the cooling screen and pressure jacket.

For fast relaxation processes of the reaction space 3 between the reaction space 3 and cooling screen gap 5 is a relaxation insurance 23 between the cooling screen gap 5 and quench space 18 installed so that when exceeding a by the height of the barrier liquid / water mask 24 set differential pressure, the barrier liquid on the lower overflow 25 in the quench room 18 is pressed.

After that is about the quenching room 18 and the gas transition 16 a pressure equalization between cooling screen gap 5 and reaction space 3 manufactured, whereby a pressure overload of the cooling screen 4 is prevented.

The inventive overpressure protection has no elements to control and is thus inherent intrinsically safe.

The Invention will be described below as an exemplary embodiment To an extent necessary for understanding on the basis of a Figure explained in more detail. Showing:

1 a gasification reactor according to the invention with a pressure equalization between the reaction space and the cooling screen gap by nitrogen flushing and a stress relief by immersion tube.

In the reactor according to the invention, there is a gas-tight, firm connection of the cooling screen 4 with the pressure jacket 6 or the upper reactor flange, whereby the cooling screen gap 5 and the gasification room 3 form separate spaces.

At the head of the reactor, a combination burner is arranged, which consists of a central pilot burner 1 and a main burner arranged around it 2 consists. Commissioning will be the pilot burner 1 ignited and then the pressure in the reaction chamber slowly increased to the operating pressure to about 80 bar. By the separation of the reaction space according to the invention 3 and the cooling screen gap 5 In order to avoid a backflow or a gas exchange, this would only the reaction space 3 covered and the cooling screen gap 5 remains pressureless. Due to the high reaction space pressure up to 80 bar, the cooling screen becomes 4 only loaded with internal pressure, which would lead to destruction.

For this reason, the cooling screen gap is also 5 behind the cooling screen 4 pressure equal with covered to keep the differential pressure between the two rooms low.

As a medium for simultaneous covering of the cooling screen gap 5 behind the cooling screen 4 Nitrogen is used, which eliminates any corrosion behind the cooling screen.

To commission the reactor of the pilot burner 1 ignited. This pilot burner 1 includes a free channel that is permanently filled with nitrogen via the supply line 9 flushed and through the pilot burner 1 is monitored with an optical flame monitoring.

During the entire operating phase between pilot burner ignition at approx. 3 bar and continuous operation of the main burner 2 up to 80 bar is this nitrogen supply 9 always with the pressure in the reaction space 3 at a pressure level.

According to the invention of this nitrogen supply 9 an additional connection line 8th to the neck 7 in the cooling screen gap 5 created. Now the reaction space 3 covered, so also increases the pressure in the cooling screen gap 5 behind the cooling screen 4 with. This rules between the reaction space 3 and the cooling screen gap 5 only a very small pressure difference. Pressure fluctuations in the reaction space 3 have no effect on the pressure in the cooling screen gap 5 ,

At normal relaxation of the reactor via the connecting line 8th a flow reversal and reaction space 3 and cooling screen gap 5 are evenly relaxed, leaving between cooling screen gap 5 and reaction space 3 no stressful pressure difference occurs.

The raw gas outlet 19 is on the one hand with a gas outlet fitting 20 connected, over which the raw gas from the Quenchraum 18 a further utilization is regularly fed and the other with a relaxation valve 21 connected via the emergency relaxation of the gasification reactor in a collecting container or in the atmosphere is possible. If the pressure in the gasification reactor exceeds a predetermined limit value, the gas outlet fitting 20 closed and the relaxing armature voltage 21 open.

In the case of a rapid emergency release of the reaction space 3 would connect over the wires 8th and 9 not sufficient for pressure equalization alone.

For this emergency, the invention additionally designed with a dip tube relaxation protection 23 arranged over an upper connecting line 22 pressure-tight with the cooling screen gap 5 is connected and the via a lower overflow 25 pressure-tight with the quenching chamber 18 connected is. Separate both connecting lines - upper and lower overflow line 22 and 25 - By a barrier liquid, designed as a water mask 24 ,

In the relaxation protection 23 is a cup-shaped vessel filled with the barrier fluid 26 arranged, in which the upper overflow line 22 dips. With increasing pressure in the upper overflow line 22 opposite the lower overflow line 25 becomes the barrier fluid 24 pressed down in the upper overflow until the rising in the cup-shaped vessel barrier liquid on the cup edge in the lower overflow 25 overflows. In the figure, by means of the heights of the barrier liquid in the upper overflow line and the cup-shaped vessel shown that in the cooling screen gap 5 a slight overpressure compared to the pressure in the quenching chamber 18 is applied.

In an emergency release, ie in cases where the pressure equalization via the line 8th can no longer be guaranteed, the pressure in the cooling screen gap increases 5 opposite the reaction space 3 and because of the connection 16 between the reaction space 3 and the quench room 18 also opposite the Quechraum 18 , As a result, the water column through the upper overflow line 22 in the relaxation protection 23 pressed down. Will the over the height of the submitted water column 24 If the set differential pressure is exceeded, the water is transferred via the lower overflow line 25 in the quench room 18 pressed. This is done via quenching room 18 and gas transition 16 an immediate pressure equalization between the cooling screen gap 5 and reaction space 3 and a pressure overload of the cooling screen 4 will be prevented.

1

pilot burner

2

main burner

3

reaction chamber

4

cooling screen

5

Cooling screen gap

6

pressure shroud

7

N2 feedblock in cooling screen gap

8th

N2 connecting line between pilot burner and nozzle 7

9

N2 feed to the pilot burner

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

Gas transition from the reaction to the quenching room

17

Quenchwasserdüsen

18

quench

19

crude gas

20

Gas outlet fitting

21

relaxation fitting

22

Upper overflow line for relaxation protection

23

relaxation assurance

24

Sealing liquid / water trap

25

Lower overflow line for relaxation protection

26

cup shaped Vessel in the relaxation protection

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list The documents listed by the applicant have been automated generated and is solely for better information recorded by the reader. The list is not part of the German Patent or utility model application. The DPMA takes over no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• DE 19718131 A1 [0004]

Cited non-patent literature

• - J. Carl et al., NOELL CONVERSION PROCESS, EF publishing house for energy and environmental technology GmbH 1996, pages 32-33 [0004]

Claims (5)

Reactor for the gasification of solid, liquid and gaseous fuels in the flow stream at temperatures between 1200 and 1900 ° C and pressures between ambient pressure and 10 MPa (100 bar), in which - a cooling screen ( 4 ) gas-tight in a pressure jacket ( 6 ), - a cooling screen gap between the cooling screen and the pressure jacket ( 5 ), - a burner ( 1 ) is arranged with a nitrogen-purged monitoring channel, characterized in that between the monitoring channel and cooling screen gap a connection ( 8th ) is arranged. Reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that a relaxation protection ( 23 ) between the cooling screen gap ( 5 ) and quench space ( 18 ) is connected pressure-tight. Reactor according to claim 2, characterized in that a relaxation protection ( 23 ) between the cooling screen gap ( 5 ) and quench space ( 18 ) is installed in such a way that when exceeding a height by the height of the barrier liquid / water ( 24 ) set the barrier fluid via the lower overflow ( 25 ) into the quench space ( 18 ) is pressed. Reactor according to one of the preceding claims 2 to 3, characterized in that the expansion protection ( 23 ) with the barrier liquid / water mask ( 24 ) fillable cup-shaped vessel ( 26 ), in which a pressure-tightly connected to the cooling screen gap upper overflow ( 22 immersed). Reactor according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that with the pushing out of the barrier liquid 24 about the quenching room ( 18 ) and the gas transition ( 16 ) a pressure equalization between the cooling screen gap 5 and reaction space 3 is made.