DE102009005367A1 - New solid catalyst colored with organic colorant e.g. an indigo dye, a phthalocyanine, a phthalic acid dye, a triphenylmethane dye or an anthraquinone dye - Google Patents

Abstract

Solid catalyst (I) colored with organic colorant, is new. Independent claims are included for: (1) the preparation of (I); (2) a catalyst carrier colored with organic colorant; and (3) a process-II comprising coloring a catalyst carrier with an organic colorant.

Description

In The heterogeneous catalysis is at least under reaction conditions two phases ago. The catalyst is usually in the one and the reactants / products in the other phase. Frequently becomes the term "heterogeneous catalysis" especially for used the case that the catalyst is a solid which of a mixture of reactants and products as gaseous, flows around liquid or supercritical fluid becomes. The heterogeneous catalyst in this sense comes in the chemical engineering the greatest importance too.

The Heterogeneous catalysis offers the advantage that no elaborate and costly procedures for the separation of the products are necessary from the catalyst, since the catalyst as a solid separated from the product easily and with little expenditure of time and money can be - catalyst and product are already in different phases. These benefits are for the commercial application of a catalytic process of large Importance.

For the successful commercial application of solid catalysts it is in the sense of a high catalytic performance, d. H. especially a high yield and a high selectivity, further necessary that the solid catalysts used in a catalytic reaction have the same high quality.

The The present invention has therefore set itself the task of a To provide solid catalyst whose quality is fast and reliable, for example, with the help of a machine method can be assessed.

These The object is achieved by a solid catalyst dyed with an organic Colorant.

Surprisingly it was found that the quality of an organic Colourant-containing solid catalysts by means of a color measurement can be determined.

For example it was found that solid catalysts of the same quality under the same conditions with respect to a similar ink acceptance behavior. show organic colorant. After coloring solid catalysts have solid catalysts of the same type and quality therefore largely similar characteristics in the color measurement on why the quality of solid catalysts through Color measurement and comparison with target values assessed and accordingly Solid catalysts of the same quality as those of others Quality can be separated. By means of in It is therefore possible, according to prior art color measuring methods, to Conclusions on the quality of the solid catalyst according to the invention to draw, such as amount and / or distribution of catalytic active species on a support surface or the thicknesses of a catalytically active coating, and so on the catalytic performance in the application.

Of the Solid catalyst according to the invention also has the advantage on that the color measurements at it also mechanically and not just be done manually, which saves time and money when determining quality leads.

In the chemical engineering reaction processes are known in which mutually different solid catalysts are used in a reactor. For this purpose, the reactors are usually charged with layers of mutually different solid catalysts, the layers may not exceed or fall below a certain thickness in order to ensure a good catalytic performance. When filling reactors with layers of different solid catalysts, it often results in incorrect filling, since the various solid catalysts are usually optically indistinguishable. Faulty filling often has the consequence that the entire reactor must be emptied and refilled, during emptying the various solid catalysts mix with each other and are usually discarded due to the optical undecidability and the associated severe separability. By means of the solid catalyst according to the invention, incorrect filling of a reactor can be avoided. If the mutually different solid catalysts are colored differently, it can be determined during the filling process via a color measurement, which solid catalyst is being filled into a reactor or whether the correct catalyst is filled into the reactor. By means of the solid catalyst according to the invention, therefore, the objects are also achieved to avoid incorrect filling of reactors with solid catalysts and the filling process, especially in Hin view of the filling of the correct solid catalyst can be monitored by machine.

in the Within the scope of the present invention, the terms "solid catalyst" and "catalyst" are synonymous used.

Solid catalysts are catalysts or catalyst precursors still to be activated, whose state of aggregation is the solid form. For solid catalysts is on the one hand between unsupported catalysts, preferably completely or at least 50 wt .-% of a catalytically active material exist, and supported catalysts differ, in which the catalytically active composition is applied to a catalyst support is. On the other hand, a distinction is made with solid catalysts, in which structural form these are available. It is between as a powder, as a shaped body (three-dimensional body) or as a monolith (honeycomb body) formed solid catalysts differentiated.

Under the term "dyed" is understood that the solid catalyst with the organic colorant colored is done. The coloration caused by the colorant can be, for example using colorimeters such as spectrophotometers, colorimeters or densitometers can be measured optically. The organic Colorant can basically anywhere on the solid catalyst be arranged. For example, analogous to textile dyeing the colorant has been applied to the solid catalyst, d. h., That the surface of the solid catalyst at least partially is occupied with the colorant. Alternatively or in addition but it can also be provided that the colorant in the Solid catalyst is incorporated. This can be, for example be accomplished by a powdered Colorant with a powdered solid catalyst and a binder, and from the resulting mixture Shaped bodies such as spheres or cylinders become.

Coloring agent is a collective name for all coloring substances after DIN 55944 are divided into inorganic and organic colorants and these in each case in natural and synthetic colorants. The inorganic colorants are pigments, while the organic colorants can be both pigments and dyes, ie soluble organic colorants (cf. Römpp, Lexikon Chemie, 10th edition, Georg Thieme Verlag, 1997 ). The colorant in the present invention is an organic colorant. In the context of the present invention, the term "organic colorant" means both individual organic colorants and two or more different organic colorants, the latter being able to be present, for example, in the form of a colorant mixture.

Corresponding a preferred embodiment of the invention Solid catalyst, it is provided that the solid catalyst at least one adsorption band in a wavelength range of 400 nm to 800 nm.

According to one further preferred embodiment of the invention Solid catalyst, it is provided that the solid catalyst red, yellow, green or blue.

According to the invention preferred it is that the proportion of the solid catalyst to the colorant 0.001 to 5 wt .-%, preferably 0.01 to 3 wt .-% and particularly preferably 0.05 to 0.5 wt .-% based on the weight of the solid catalyst.

Of the Catalyst of the present invention comprises an organic colorant. According to a preferred embodiment of the invention Catalyst is provided that the surface of Solid catalyst at least partially with the colorant is colored. It could be stated that already a regionally coloring the surface of a Solids catalyst with the colorant is sufficient to the Qualitative properties of the solid catalyst to determine. In this case, the colorant can both a closed area of Color surface of the catalyst, for example in the form of a Farbmittelkleckses, as well as in several of each other separate areas, for example in speckled form.

According to a further preferred embodiment of the solid catalyst according to the invention, at least 0.1% of the surface of the solid catalyst is coated with the colorant, preferably at least 10%, more preferably at least 20% and even more preferably at least 50% of the surface area of the solid catalyst. Most preferred in this context is that the entire surface of the catalyst is coated with the colorant. It could be shown that if at least 0.1% of the surface of the solid catalyst is coated with the colorant, a determination of the quality and / or the type of catalyst by means of photoelectric methods is already possible. The measurement of quality can but with a greater safety and in a shorter time, the greater the proportion of the surface of the catalyst, which is occupied by the colorant.

has the solid catalyst according to the invention a open-pore structure, it is preferred that the colored Surface predominantly or completely the outer surface of the catalyst is. Under "outer" surface is understood the part of the surface that is not the Surface of the pores and pore edges forms. verbildlicht said the outer surface of a open-pored substance the externally visible surface. By contrast, the term "surface" is used understood the totality of all surfaces of the catalyst. The term "surface" includes in the sense according to the present invention, the "outer" and the "inner" surface, the inner surface of the surface the pores and pore edges is formed. Under a "predominant" coloring the outer surface is in the sense the present invention understood that with the colorant colored surface of at least 50%, preferably at least 70%, more preferably at least 90% and especially preferably at least 99% prefers the outer surface is. It is most preferred that the applied colorant applied to 100% on the outer surface is. This has the advantage that the colorant used as possible can be used sparingly, as one on the outside Surface applied colorant easier and more accurate Optically, it can be measured as a colorant based on the inner surface is located. For a colorant application on an inner surface is the same measurement intensity to achieve more colorant than dyeing only the outer surface.

One Colorant application predominantly on the outer Surface can, for example, with powdery colorants be achieved, both in dry and in suspended form. The inner surface can, for example, with the pore filling method largely targeted using a dissolved dye to be dyed with the colorant.

alternative The catalyst may also be incorporated by incorporation of the colorant in the matrix, which is the matter surrounding the pores, is colored which usually causes a coloring of the outside and inner surface comes. For this purpose, the colorant already in the preparation of the catalyst, the catalyst raw material be added.

Corresponding a further preferred embodiment is the colorant an organic pigment or an organic dye. organic Colorants can easily be removed by means of suitable solvents or by burning at relative low temperatures completely or substantially completely be removed from the catalyst. In the event that one especially uniform coloring done is, it is preferred for the purposes of the present invention that as colorant, a dye is used.

Under Pigments are colorants that are unlike the dyes in the application medium are (practically) insoluble. pigments typically arise in the form of primary particles. The Primary particles can over their surfaces grow together into aggregates. Agglomerates are called, if Primary particles and / or aggregates over their corners / edges are connected. Decisive for the properties of Pigments are therefore in addition to the chemical compound for in particular also solid-state properties, like the crystal structure, the crystal modification, the particle size and the particle size distribution or specific Surface. The color impression itself arises u. a. by absorption, Remission, scattering and / or reflection of certain frequency components of visible light.

natural organic pigments are found in nature ("animal" or "plant colors") and can be partially produced with simple means, such as z. B. the vine black. The group of synthetic organic pigments is classified according to its chemical structure in the group of so-called "azo pigments" and the so-called. "Nichtazopigmente" or "polycyclic Pigments ". Important and inventively preferred azo pigments are the beta-naphthol pigments, the naphthol AS pigments, the pyrazolone pigments, the N-acetoacetic anilide pigments, the azo metal complex pigments and the diaryl yellow pigments. Important and inventively preferred Polycyclic pigments are the quinacridone pigments, the diketopyrrolopyrrole pigments, the dioxazine pigments, the perylene pigments, the isoindolinone pigments and the copper phthalocyanine pigments.

Under Dyes are understood to be colorants that are in their application medium are soluble. Within the scope of the present invention in principle, all known dyes are used. exemplary and dyes preferred for the purposes of the present invention are: Alizarin violet, crystal violet, indigo, turquoise (process cyanide), Solidgreen, Purple (Mauvein), Brilliant Yellow, Indian Yellow, Saffron, Solid Yellow, Irgazin Orange, Pyranthrone Orange, Naphtol Red.

Corresponding a further preferred embodiment of the invention Catalyst it is provided that the colorant is a synthetic, is a natural or a nature-identical colorant. Both synthetic and natural and nature identical Colorants are used as colorants for the invention Catalyst suitable. In particular, the synthetic Colorants due to their luminosity as well as the natural Colorants for environmental reasons especially prefers.

achromatic Colorants are colorants with a white or black color Color and all colorants with a hue between black and white (grayscale). Colorful colorants are coloring agents with all other shades. Due to good color measurement properties it is inventively preferred that the colorant a colorful colorant is.

is the colorant is a colorful colorant, so it may correspond to one further preferred embodiment of the invention Catalyst be provided that the colorant is a red, orange, yellow, green, blue or violet colorant.

According to one another embodiment of the invention Solid catalyst, it is preferred that the colorant Nitro dye, an azo dye, an indigo dye, a phthalocyanine dye, a phthalic acid dye, a triphenylmethane dye or an anthraquinone dye. These dyes are suitable especially good for dyeing solid catalysts of various kinds Nature. If the colorant is a triphenylmethane dye, this is preferably selected from an aminotriphenylmethane dye, a hydroxytriphenylmethane dye or a phthalein.

Further are preferred as colorants in the context of the present invention Food dyes used. Food colors are food additives, which serve to make food look better and which To satisfy color expectations of consumers. Dyes for food are largely harmless to health. They are in the art divided by a system of "E numbers" that are known in the art.

Food dyes, in the context of the present invention, alone or in combination can be used are preferably: Allura red (E. 129), amaranth (E 123), anthocyanins (E 163), azorubin (E 122), betanin (E 162), Braun FK (E 154), Braun HT (E 155), Brilliant Blue FCF (E 133), brilliant black BN (E151), canthaxanthin (E161g), carotene (E 160a), annatto (E 160b), capsanthin (E 160c), lycopene (E 160d), beta-apo-8'-carotenal (E 160e), beta-apo-8'-carotenoic acid ethyl ester (E 160f), Quinoline Yellow (E 104), Chlorophyll (E 140), Cochenillerot A (E 124), Curcumin (E 100), erythrosin (E 127), sunset yellow S (E 110), green S (E 142), Indigotin (E 132), Koschenille (E 120), copper-containing Complexes of chlorophylls and chlorophylline (E 141), litholubin BK (E 180), lutein (E 161b), patent blue (E 131), biochar (E. 153), riboflavin (E101), riboflavin-5-phosphate (E101a), tartrazine (E 102), caramel (E 150a), sulfite lye caramel (E 150b), ammonia caramel (E 150c), ammonium sulphite caramel (E 150d), zeaxanthin (E 161h).

According to one further preferred embodiment of the invention Catalyst it is preferred that the colorant is a metal-free Colorant is. This selection has the advantage that the catalytic activity the catalyst by the presence of other metals, for example during the burning of the colorant during the use of the Catalyst can be released, not detrimental being affected.

Further In the context of the present invention it is preferred that the Colorant is a sulfur-free colorant.

Especially With respect to catalytically active precious metals, sulfur acts as a catalyst poison, making it especially in this context it is advantageous to use sulfur-free colorants, so as to Presence of sulfur or sulfur compounds to minimize.

Further In the context of the present invention it is preferred that the Colorant is a halogen-free colorant. In particular regarding a whole series of catalytically active transition metals the halogens F, Cl, Br and I act as catalyst poison, so that it is particularly advantageous in this context, halogen-free To use colorant, so as to detect the presence of halogens or to minimize their compounds in the catalyst.

Further, in the present invention, it is preferable that the dye is a dye which is water-soluble or soluble in organic solvents. This has the advantage that the dye is under mild conditions can be removed from the catalyst without the action of relatively high temperatures to burn off the colorant is necessary.

Further it is preferred that the colorant thermally, preferably residue-free, is decomposable. Especially with thermally stable catalysts This allows the complete removal of the colorant. A thermally decomposable colorant is preferred at a temperature from 50 ° C to 500 ° C, more preferably at a temperature from 100 ° C to 400 ° C and even more preferred at a temperature of 200 ° C to 300 ° C decomposable. This has, for example, in catalysts that in corresponding Temperature ranges are used, the advantage that the colorant is removed when starting the reactor and no further steps necessary are to discolor the catalyst should this be desired be. In addition, when using thermally decomposable colorants usually no residues on the catalyst leave behind, which affect the reaction to be catalyzed could.

It is further preferred that the inventive Catalyst a full catalyst or a supported catalyst with a catalyst support. Is the catalyst a supported catalyst, so either only the catalytic active material (or the precursor compound thereof), only the catalyst support or the catalytically active material (or the precursor compound thereof) and the catalyst carrier be colored with the colorant.

is the catalyst of the invention is a supported Catalyst, it may for example be prepared by a colorant-colored catalyst support and on this a catalytically active species or a precursor compound to be activated thereof yet to be activated becomes. For example, an inventive Catalyst with a spherical catalyst support be provided, whose outer surface colored with a colorant and on this color layer the catalytically active species or a corresponding precursor compound it is located. The applied catalytically active species itself or the precursor compound thereof may be undyed or with one as described above and correspondingly more preferred Embodiments further colorant colored be.

Further It is within the meaning of the present invention possible that the catalytically active species or the precursor compound thereof and / or the catalyst carrier in each case in each case colored different colorants. It can the coloring with several different colorants be in the form of a mixture or individual surface areas are colored with different colorants above or next to each other. By such a variation of the color arrangements becomes the possibility provided for each catalyst to be measured to achieve the best possible color variation. Possible is z. As well as the choice of a determine easily measurable contrast between catalyst carrier and the catalytically active species, for example, the progress of Apply an active species to the catalyst support to track during the job or the completeness or the degree of coating of the catalyst support after to determine the order with the catalytically active species.

It It is also conceivable that the catalyst support undyed or colored with a particular colorant and on the catalyst carrier several differently colored catalytically active species or precursors thereof are applied are. In this way it is possible the coating quality and to determine the spread and / or density of each species.

Should only very little catalytically active material or a corresponding Precursor compound thereof on the catalyst support be applied, as for example in the case of supported Metal catalysts with metal particles of oxidation state 0 of Case is, so a coloring of the catalyst carrier only be beneficial.

According to one further preferred embodiment of the invention Catalyst is the catalyst a supported metal oxide or a supported metal catalyst. These catalysts have the advantage that they depend on the quality, such as the applied amount of catalytically active Species, a particularly pronounced color acceptance behavior demonstrate. Under supported metal oxide catalysts are supported catalysts understood that as catalytic active material one or more metal oxides and / or mixed metal oxides contain. Under supported metal catalysts are supported catalysts understood as catalytic active material at least one metal of oxidation state 0 or an alloy.

In principle, catalyst supports suitable according to the invention are all materials which are known to the person skilled in the art as suitable for a catalyst support. According to the invention, however, preference is given to catalyst supports based on carbon, elemental oxides or elemental carbides. Carbonaceous catalyst supports preferably comprise the carbon in the form of coke, graphite, carbon black or activated carbon. Element oxide-containing catalyst supports preferably comprise SiO ₂ (natural or synthetic silica, quartz), Al ₂ O ₃ (alpha, gamma-Al ₂ O ₃ ), clays, sheet silicates such as montmorillonite (in particular in the form of bentonites) or bleaching earths, TiO ₂ ( Rutile, anatase), ZrO ₂ , MgO or ZnO.

in principle Both synthetic materials and carriers can be used from natural sources, such as pumice, kaolin, bleaching earth, Bauxite, bentonite, kieselguhr or asbestos.

It is further preferred that the catalyst support comprises or consists of a metal oxide, a carbide, a metal in metallic form, a ceramic and / or a nitride. Suitable metal oxides are selected from the group consisting of SiO ₂ , Al ₂ O ₃ , TiO ₂ , ZrO ₂ , MgO and ZnO. A suitable carbide is SiC and a suitable nitride boron nitride.

Especially with regard to the correct filling of reactors with a fixed bed comprising several layers of different catalysts it is according to a further preferred embodiment provided the catalyst of the invention, that the solid catalyst is formed as a shaped body is. When the catalyst according to the invention as Shaped body is formed, this can basically exist in any three-dimensional form. such Shapes are known to the person skilled in the art. Preferred is in the context of the present Invention of the catalyst as a sphere, cylinder, hollow cylinder, tablet, Trilobus, tetralobus, ring, torus, star, cartwheel, inverse cartwheel, Extrudate or strand, such as rib or star strand, educated.

Of the catalyst according to the invention can in principle a have any size, the selection of the Size in the first place of the later Purpose of the catalyst is dependent. According to the invention preferred it is that the maximum dimension of the catalyst from 1 mm to 50 mm, more preferably 3 mm to 15 mm and most preferably 5 mm to 10 mm.

According to a further preferred embodiment of the catalyst according to the invention, it is provided that the solid catalyst is compact. Compact means that the catalyst has a specific surface area (BET) of less than 0.5 m ² / g.

alternative it may do so according to another embodiment provided the catalyst of the invention be that the solid catalyst is open-pored.

is the catalyst of the invention open-pore, so It may according to a further preferred embodiment provided the catalyst of the invention be, as already stated above, that the inner surface of the solid catalyst with the colorant is colored.

The catalyst of the present invention preferably has a specific surface area (BET) of 10 to 4500 m ² / g, with a specific surface area of 50 to 2000 m ² / g more preferred and a specific surface area of 300 to 1000 m ² / g more preferable is.

Of the Catalyst according to the present invention preferably has an integral pore volume of 0.1 to 1.9 ml / g.

Corresponding a further preferred embodiment of the invention Catalyst is provided that at least 90% of the integral Pore volume of the solid catalyst of mesopores and macropores are formed. Mesopores become pores with a diameter from 2 nm to 50 nm and under macropores pores with a Diameter greater than 50 nm.

Corresponding a further embodiment of the invention Catalyst has this an average pore diameter of 1 to 1000 nm, preferably a mean pore diameter of 1 to 500 nm and more preferably a mean pore diameter from 5 to 300 nm.

Especially if it is the catalyst of the invention is a molded article, it is preferred that the Catalyst a hardness of greater than / equal 20N, more preferably a hardness of greater than or equal to 30 N, more preferably a hardness of greater than / equal 40N, and most preferably greater than or equal to 50 N.

The The present invention further relates to a method, in particular for producing a solid catalyst according to the invention, comprising applying a colored mass a catalytic active species or a precursor thereof on a catalyst support.

The The present invention further relates to a method, in particular for producing a solid catalyst according to the invention, comprising the step of dyeing a solid catalyst with an organic colorant. In this case, the solid catalyst a catalyst that is already in an active form, or a solid precursor of a solid catalyst in which the potential catalytically active species is still to be activated. The solid catalyst is preferably a solid catalyst as stated above. The organic colorant is also preferably a colorant as defined above or a colorant according to the preferred embodiments the catalyst according to the invention.

The Dyeing of the solid catalyst is preferably carried out by the catalyst with a solution or with a suspension containing one or more colorants sprayed or in it is immersed. It is within the meaning of the present invention Also conceivable that coloring with any other procedure which is known in the art, wherein the two aforementioned methods and the pore filling method, in the prior art also known as "incipient wetness method" is and in which an open-pore solid catalyst with a its volume corresponding volume of solution or Suspension loaded, inventively preferred. A suspension is understood in the context of the present invention preferably a heterogeneous mixture of substances comprising a liquid and one or more fine organic color pigments contained therein. A solution is understood in the sense of the present Invention a homogeneous mixture comprising a liquid and one or more dyes contained therein dissolved.

The inventive method comprises accordingly a preferred embodiment thereof the step determining an actual value of a color value of the catalyst after dyeing the catalyst. This is the possibility determining the quality of the solid catalyst, for example by means of given photoelectric methods.

to Determining the quality of the solid catalyst is according to a further preferred embodiment of the inventive method provided that the method further comprises the step of comparing the determined one or measured actual value of the color parameter with a predetermined Target value of the color parameter includes.

Under an actual value of a color parameter is within the meaning of the present Invention understood the value of a color parameter, the catalyst having a colorant application and by means of an optical Measurement / assessment is determinable. The actual value can be through any parameter determinable by optical methods which is linked to the colorant is.

at a desired value of a color parameter is in the sense of present invention by a value of a color parameter predetermined Size. Here is the size of the Desired value preferably chosen such that they are the desired Quality of the catalyst corresponds. The predetermined one Size of the target value can, for example, based of catalysts of desired quality means Dyeing and subsequent color parameter determination determined become. For the purposes of the present invention, the term "desired value" also applies a range of values that includes the predetermined value. It is preferred that the beginning and the end value of the range deviates from the predetermined value not more than +/- 10%, preferably not more than +/- 3% and more preferably not more than +/- 1%.

• a) Färben einer Mehrzahl von Feststoffkatalysator-Einheiten mit einem organischen Farbmittel;
• b) Bestimmen eines Ist-Wertes eines Farbparameters von Feststoffkatalysator-Einheiten, nachdem die Feststoffkatalysator-Einheiten gefärbt worden sind;
• c) Vergleichen der Ist-Werte mit einem Soll-Wert; und
• d) Trennen der Feststoffkatalysator-Einheiten, deren Ist-Wert dem Soll-Wert entspricht, von den Feststoffkatalysator-Einheiten, deren Ist-Wert von dem Soll-Wert abweicht.

According to a further preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention, the method comprises the steps:

• a) dyeing a plurality of solid catalyst units with an organic colorant;
• b) determining an actual value of a color parameter of solid catalyst units after the solid catalyst units have been stained;
• c) comparing the actual values with a desired value; and
• d) separating the solid catalyst units whose actual value corresponds to the desired value of the solid catalyst units whose actual value deviates from the desired value.

Thereby For example, the separation of solid catalysts of a desired quality from those of other quality allows.

Under The term "color parameters" are used in the sense of present invention optically determinable parameters of a color Understood. These can, for example, by means of optical Method measured directly or using measured optical data be determined. Preferred parameters according to the invention are one or more UV / VIS wavelengths, hue, the color saturation, the color brightness, the color gloss, the color density and a color value of a color system or a color space, which the coordinates for determining the position of a color in a color space equivalent. Prefers. Color values of a color space are the red-green-blue (RGB) color value, the cyan magenta yellow key (CMYK) color value, the hue-chroma color brightness (English: hue saturation value = HSV) color value, the Lab color value or the XYZ color value. The corresponding color spaces are Well known in the art. The present However, the invention is not limited to these color spaces. Furthermore, the color parameter can also be a color value of a color system be, for example, the Pantone or Munsell system.

The color density can be defined as: D = -log (reflection factor)

The logarithmic recording of the color density corresponds to the perception of brightness of the human eye.

Of the Hue is next to the color saturation and the color brightness one of the three qualities perceived by man as fundamental a color. The hue in the color theory by definition the property, after which you have color sensations z. B. to red, yellow or green is different. A color of the same color can vary in either color saturation, e.g. B. the Variation between blue and gray blue, or in the color brightness, z. For example, the variation between red and pink. A color can through Specification of the aforementioned three properties clearly described become; if the parameters are quantified, then the cross product tensions all possible values a three-dimensional space, which is referred to as HSV color space. Colors are also over defines the components of certain basic colors. In the additive Color mixing are z. Red, green and blue (RGB), in subtractive color mixing cyan, magenta and yellow (cyan, Magenta, yellow = CMY). For colorimetry, the primary colors are the theoretical colors X, Y and Z.

The Coordinates of the Lab color location are based on the physiological Properties of human perception (color perception), they are based only indirectly on physical color valences. The comprehensive one Lab color space, like XYZ or xyY, contains all potential ones Colors, independent of measuring instruments, and thus allows the lossless conversion of color information from a color system in another, from one type of device to another.

Of the RGB color space (red-green-blue) is a measure space in a subset of all perceptible (defined by the respective purpose) Colors defined by three coordinates "red", "blue" and "green" becomes.

The CMYK color model is a subtractive color model, which is the technical Basis for the modern four-color printing forms. The abbreviation CMYK stands for Cyan, Magenta, Yellow and Key (Black).

Of the HSV color space is the color space of color models in which the color with the help of hue, the color saturation (saturation) and the dark level (value) is defined. Similar Definitions lead to an HSL color space with the relative Lightness, an HSB color space with the absolute brightness (brightness) and an HSI color space with the light intensity (Intensity).

Of the xyY color space refers to the standard color chart of the CIE color system. there x stands for the red axis and y for the green axis. The only in a three-dimensional view representable Y-axis contains the information on the brightness of the respective hue.

The Pantone Matching System consists of 14 basic colors that come in different Mixed colors mixed with each other colors of the system result. For color selection, a color fan is used, which on both coated, dull and uncoated paper is available. In the subjects will be additional to the color fields more color information, such. B. the mixing ratio from the base colors (the color recipe), published. The Pantone system also includes an extensive color palette, which 1114 spot colors as well as their lightening and clouding contains black. Pantone colors come with a number code as well as with the appropriate paper code (C = coated, U = uncoated, M = matt).

The three ordering principles of the color system of Munsell are Hue (hue), Chroma (saturation) and value (valence, brightness). The primary criterion of this system is the color tone. The color system includes five main shades (red (R), yellow (Y), green (G), blue (B) and purple (P)) as well as intermediate shades that further subdivide the perceived color shades (YR (yellow-red), GY (yellow-green), BG (blue-green), PB (purple-blue) and RP (red-purple). This arrangement results in a ten-part color area. These ten shades are again in ten gradations divided. For marking the hues numbers (0 to 10) are added to the letter symbols: so the shades (hue) with 1RP, 5P, 3Y or even 7.5 GY, 2.5 PB, and similarly named. Every line is lying Places outward rising saturation (chroma). Of the Value is added as the third dimension of the color body, the vertical central axis. This ranges from V = 10 to the ideal one White to V = 0 to black (reproducible by colorant), this results in a ten-part gray scale. To be named every color pattern in the Munsell system, so every color shown a color sign of the form H V / C, where H (Hue) for hue, V (value) for brightness and C (chroma) for saturation stands.

It is preferred in the context of the present invention that the color parameter is determined photoelectrically. This will be a largely accurate Measurement of the color parameter and, consequently, a largely correct determination of the quality of the solid catalyst provides guides. Preference is given here to methods in which the color parameter is determined densitometrically or spectrophotometrically becomes.

The Determination is carried out in accordance with the present invention more preferably using a colorimetric or a densitometric colorimeter. Such measuring devices are known to the person skilled in the art. As part of The present invention preferably uses spectrophotometers, Colorimeter or densitometer used. But it is also the use any other colorimetric or densitometric technique known in the art Color measuring device possible.

densitometer are devices for the quantitative measurement of color density (solid density). You measure the reflection one color over the three color filters Red, green and blue, what conclusions to the thickness of a paint layer allows. Due to the Using the three color filters mentioned is called the measurement with Densitometers also triple range method. Compared to spectrophotometers can only use tonal values with densitometers, but not shades be determined.

through Spectrophotometers can be measured hues. Spectrophotometers measure remission values over the whole Spectrum of visible light (from infrared to ultraviolet) illuminated measuring surface. They disassemble the spectrum of visible remitted light into a multitude of narrow bands (Measuring channels, usually 20 to 40 bands with about 20 to 10 nm in width) and provide one for band (measurement channel) digitized luminous intensity value. Measure spectrophotometer thus the reflectance of a measuring surface of a sample, by means of which the color standard values X, Y and Z can be calculated. The reflectance is usually by constant calibration on white and black standards regardless of the illumination source used in the spectrophotometer. From the determined values becomes one for the measured surface measured Remission curve created. This curve represents a kind of color "fingerprint". As already stated above, the measurement becomes polychromatic Light through a prism or through narrow-band filters in monochromatic Light decomposed. A photo element determines the standard and the Sample reflected amount of light and evaluates their ratio out. By multiplying the readings of each band by the values of the standards, the associated color values of the CIE LAB and determine CIE XYZ color spaces.

When Colorimeter becomes a device for measuring or comparing of colors (actually their color intensities or the color temperature). Colorimeters are optical devices, which are similar to a stereomicroscope with one eye the test object and with the other the reference object considered. The reference is either a fixed color standard or a changeable reference object such as a Color wedge or a colored liquid with changeable Thickness (immersion colorimeter).

The The present invention further relates to the use of a method according to the invention Solid catalyst in a process in which the quality of the catalyst is assessed by means of an optical measurement. By the combination of color measuring devices known in the art, as defined above, with the invention Catalyst it is possible to machine this process perform. It is therefore preferred that in the process a colorimeter communicates with a control computer, the an actual color value of a catalyst with that of a given Target color value compares and in case of a deviation over a predetermined tolerance value beyond the catalyst in question separated from those meeting the quality standard.

The The present invention further relates to a catalyst support, colored with an organic colorant.

through the catalyst support according to the invention can easily convert catalysts according to the Invention, for example, by applying a catalytically active Species or a precursor thereof are produced.

Of the has catalyst support according to the invention Furthermore, the advantage that based on the color of the catalyst support before filling the catalyst carrier in a Container for applying a material to the carrier can be determined by means of an optical measurement, whether the judge Carrier selected for the intended job has been.

in the For the purposes of the present invention, the terms "carrier" and "catalyst carrier" are used synonymously.

catalyst support are used for the preparation of supported catalysts. Supported catalysts are commonly used when special requirements for the mechanical strength of the catalyst be placed, the catalytically active substance finely divided and should be present in small quantities and / or valuable active species should be saved. One basically differentiates compact and porous catalyst support. catalyst support usually meet the following characteristics: chemical Inertness, mechanical strength and stability and ever according to purpose, they have a low or large surface area on. On the other hand, a distinction is made in carriers in which structural form these are present. It is between as powder, as a shaped body (three-dimensional body) or as a monolith (honeycomb) trained carriers differentiated.

It may be preferred that the catalyst support so Washcoat comprises on which to apply the catalytic mass is. A washcoat is a material (often a metal oxide or a mixed metal oxide), which is a relatively has high specific surface area and chemical is inert, d. H. has no catalytic activity and / or does not interfere with the catalytic reaction. If a carrier is formed from a low surface area material, such as z. B. from a mineral ceramic, can on the application a superficial washcoat the surface be enlarged so that a significant greater amount of catalytic substance applied can be as if they are applied directly to the carrier would.

Under the term "dyed" is understood that the catalyst support with the organic colorant is made in color. The coloration caused by the colorant For example, by means of colorimeters such as spectrophotometers, Colorimeters or densitometers can be optically measured. The Organic colorants can basically be everywhere be arranged on the carrier. For example, analog for textile dyeing the colorant on the carrier be reared, d. h., that the surface of the solid catalyst at least partially occupied with the colorant. alternative or in addition, but it may also be provided that incorporated the colorant in the catalyst support is. This can for example be accomplished by a powdered colorant with a powdery Carrier oxide and a binder mixed and from the resulting mixture shaped articles such as spheres or cylinders are formed.

Coloring agent is a collective name for all coloring substances after DIN 55944 are divided into inorganic and organic colorants and these in each case in natural and synthetic colorants. The inorganic colorants are pigments, while the organic colorants can be both pigments and dyes, ie soluble organic colorants (cf. Römpp, Lexikon Chemie, 10th edition, Georg Thieme Verlag, 1997 ). The colorant in the present invention is an organic colorant. In the context of the present invention, the term "organic colorant" means both individual organic colorants and two or more different organic colorants, the latter being able to be present, for example, in the form of a colorant mixture.

Corresponding a preferred embodiment of the invention Catalyst support, it is provided that the catalyst support at least one adsorption band in a wavelength range from 400 nm to 800 nm.

According to one further preferred embodiment of the invention Catalyst support, it is provided that the catalyst support red, yellow, green or blue.

According to the invention preferred it is that the proportion of the carrier to the colorant 0.001 to 5 wt .-%, preferably 0.01 to 3 wt .-% and especially preferably 0.05 to 0.5 wt .-% based on the weight of the catalyst support.

Of the Carrier of the present invention comprises an organic Colorant. According to a preferred embodiment it is the carrier according to the invention provided that the surface of the carrier at least partially colored with the colorant. It could be noted that already a regionally coloring the surface of a carrier with the colorant is sufficient to the qualitative characteristics of a means the catalyst support according to the invention to determine solid catalyst produced. It can do that Colorant both in a closed area on the surface color the carrier, for example in the form of a Farbmittelkleckses, as well as in several separate Areas, for example in speckled form.

According to one further preferred embodiment of the invention Carriers are at least 0.1% of the surface of the Carrier dyed with the colorant, preferably at least 10%, more preferably at least 20% and even more preferred at least 50% of the surface of the carrier. In this context most preferred is that the entire surface the carrier is dyed with the colorant. It could be shown that if at least 0.1% of the surface the carrier are dyed with the colorant, a Determining the quality of a means of the invention Carrier produced solid catalyst by means of photoelectric Procedure is already possible. The measurement of quality but can with greater security and in shorter, the larger the Proportion of the surface of the carrier is which with the colorant is colored.

has the carrier according to the invention is an open-pore Structure, it is preferred that the colored surface is predominantly or completely the outer surface of the catalyst carrier is. Under "outer" surface is understood the part of the surface that is not the Surface of the pores and pore edges forms. verbildlicht said the outer surface of a open-pored substance the externally visible surface. By contrast, the term "surface" is used understood the totality of all surfaces of the catalyst support. The term "surface" includes in the sense according to the present invention, the "outer" and the "inner" surface, the inner surface of the surface the pores and pore edges is formed. Under a "predominant" coloring the outer surface is in the sense the present invention understood that with the colorant colored surface of at least 50%, preferably at least 70%, more preferably at least 90% and especially preferably at least 99% outer surface is. Most preferably, the colorant is up to 100% the outer surface is. this has the advantage that the colorant used is as economical as possible can be used as one on the outside Surface colorant easier and more accurate Optically, it can be measured as a colorant based on the inner surface is located. For a colorant application on an inner surface is the same measurement intensity to achieve more colorant than dyeing from outer surface.

A Staining predominantly the outer Surface can, for example, with powdery colorants be achieved, both in dry and in suspended form. The inner surface can, for example, with the pore filling method largely targeted using a dissolved dye to be dyed with the colorant.

alternative The carrier may also be incorporated by incorporation of the colorant into the carrier matrix, which is matter, which is the Surrounds pores, be colored, it usually too a coloring of the outer and inner Surface is coming. For this purpose, the colorant already at the preparation of the catalyst support the catalyst support raw material be added.

Corresponding a further preferred embodiment of the invention Carrier is the colorant an organic pigment or an organic dye. Organic colorants can easily by means of suitable solvents or by burning off at relatively low temperatures completely or substantially completely from the carrier or catalyst produced therefrom are removed. For the case that the colorant is particularly even is to be applied to the catalyst support is For the purposes of the present invention, it is preferred that as colorants a dye is used because of its solubility be applied more uniformly than a pigment can.

Pigments are understood to be colorants which, in contrast to the dyes in the application medium, are (practically) insoluble. Pigments typically form in the form of primary particles. The primary particles can grow together to form aggregates via their surfaces. Speaking of agglomerates. one, if Pri märteilchen and / or aggregates are connected by their corners / edges. Decisive for the properties of the pigments are, in addition to the chemical compound per se, in particular also solid-state properties, such as the crystal structure, the crystal modification, the particle size and the particle size distribution or the specific surface area. The color impression itself arises, among other things, through absorption, remission, scattering and / or reflection of certain frequency components of visible light.

natural organic pigments are found in nature ("animal" or "plant colors") and can be partially produced with simple means, such as z. B. the vine black. The group of synthetic organic pigments is classified according to its chemical structure in the group of so-called "azo pigments" and the so-called. "Nichtazopigmente" or "polycyclic Pigments ". Important and inventively preferred azo pigments are the beta-naphthol pigments, the naphthol AS pigments, the pyrazolone pigments, the N-acetoacetic anilide pigments, the azo metal complex pigments and the diaryl yellow pigments. Important and inventively preferred Polycyclic pigments are the quinacridone pigments, the diketopyrrolopyrrole pigments, the dioxazine pigments, the perylene pigments, the isoindolinone pigments and the copper phthalocyanine pigments.

Under Dyes are understood to be colorants that are in their application medium are soluble. In the context of the present invention can in principle, all known dyes are used. exemplary and dyes preferred for the purposes of the present invention are: Alizarin violet, crystal violet, indigo, turquoise (process cyanide), Solidgreen, Purple (Mauvein), Brilliant Yellow, Indian Yellow, Saffron, Solid Yellow, Irgazin Orange, Pyranthrone Orange, Naphtol Red.

Corresponding a further preferred embodiment of the invention Catalyst support it is provided that the colorant a synthetic, a natural or a nature-identical Colorant is. Both synthetic and natural and nature identical colorants are used as colorants for the catalyst support according to the invention suitable. In particular, the synthetic colorants are due to their luminosity as well as the natural colorants from ecological Reasons particularly preferred.

achromatic Colorants are colorants with a white or black color Color and all colorants with a hue between black and white (grayscale). Colorful colorants are coloring agents with all other shades. Due to good color measurement properties it is inventively preferred that the colorant a colorful colorant is.

is the colorant is a colorful colorant, so it may correspond to one further preferred embodiment of the invention Catalyst support be provided that the colorant a red, orange, yellow, green, blue or purple Colorant is.

According to one another embodiment of the invention It is preferred for the support that the colorant is a nitro dye, an azo dye, an indigo dye, a phthalocyanine dye, a phthalic acid dye, a triphenylmethane dye or an anthraquinone dye.

These Dyes are particularly suitable for dyeing carriers different nature. Is the colorant a triphenylmethane dye, so this is preferably selected from a Aminotriphenylmethanfarbstoff, a hydroxytriphenylmethane dye or a phthalein.

Further are preferred as colorants in the context of the present invention Food dyes used. Food colors are food additives, which serve to make food look better and which To satisfy color expectations of consumers. Dyes for Foods are harmless to health. you will be technically divided by a system of "E numbers", which are known in the art.

Food colorants which can be used alone or in combination in the context of the present invention are preferably: allura red (E 129), amaranth (E 123), anthocyanins (E 163), azorubin (E 122), betanin (E 162), Braun FK (E 154), Braun HT (E 155), Brilliant Blue FCF (E 133), Brilliant Black BN (E 151), Canthaxanthin (E 161 g), Carotene (E 160a), Annatto (E 160b), Capsanthin (E 160c) , Lycopene (E160d), beta-apo-8'-carotenal (E160e), beta-apo-8'-carotenoic acid ethyl ester (E160f), quinoline yellow (E104), chlorophyll (E140), cochlear erosion A (E 124 ), Curcumin (E 100), erythrosin (E 127), sunset yellow S (E 110), green S (E 142), indigotine (E 132), cochenille (E 120), copper-containing complexes of chlorophylls and chlorophyllins (E 141) , Litholubin BK (E 180), lutein (E 161b), patent blue (E 131), biochar (E 153), riboflavin (E 101), riboflavin-5-phosphate (E 101a), tartrazine (E 102), caramel ( E 150a), sulfite lye caramel (E 150b), ammo niacocarp (E 150c), ammonsulfite caramel (E 150d), zeaxanthin (E 161h).

According to one further preferred embodiment of the invention Catalyst support, it is preferred that the colorant is a metal-free colorant. This selection has the advantage that the catalytic activity of one using produced the carrier according to the invention Catalyst by the presence of other metals, for example during burning of the colorant during the use of the catalyst can be released, not adversely affected becomes.

Further In the context of the present invention it is preferred that the Colorant is a sulfur-free colorant. In particular regarding catalytically active precious metals, sulfur acts as a catalyst poison, so that it is particularly advantageous in this context, use sulfur-free colorants to eliminate the presence of To minimize sulfur or sulfur compounds.

Further In the context of the present invention it is preferred that the Colorant is a halogen-free colorant. In particular regarding a whole series of catalytically active transition metals the halogens F, Cl, Br and I act as catalyst poison, so that it is particularly advantageous in this context, halogen-free To use colorant, so as to detect the presence of halogens or their compounds in one of the inventive To minimize carrier produced catalyst.

Further it is preferred in the context of the present invention that the Dye is a dye which is water soluble or in organic solvents is soluble. this has the advantage that the dye under mild conditions. from the carrier or a catalyst prepared therefrom can be removed, without the exposure being proportionate high temperatures to burn off the dye is necessary.

Further it is preferred that the colorant thermally, preferably residue-free, is decomposable. Especially with thermally stable catalyst supports This is a largely complete removal of Colorant allows. The thermally decomposable colorant is preferably at a temperature of 50 ° C to 500 ° C, more preferably at a temperature of 100 ° C to 400 ° C and more preferably at a temperature of 200 ° C decomposable to 300 ° C. This has, for example, at Use of the carrier according to the invention prepared catalysts which are in appropriate temperature ranges have the advantage that the colorant when starting of the reactor is removed and no further steps necessary are to discolor the catalyst should this be desired be. In addition, when using thermally decomposable colorants usually no residues on the catalyst leave behind, which affect the reaction to be catalyzed could.

It is further preferred that the inventive Catalyst a full catalyst or a supported catalyst with a catalyst support. Is the catalyst a supported catalyst, so either only the catalytic active material (or the precursor compound thereof), only the catalyst support or the catalytically active material (or the precursor compound thereof) and the catalyst carrier be colored with the colorant.

Of the Carrier according to the invention can for example be prepared by a colored with a colorant Catalyst support provided and on this a Washcoat - in usually a metal oxide or a mixed metal oxide is applied. For example, a catalyst support according to the invention provided with a spherical catalyst support be whose outer surface with a colorant is colored and on this color layer there is a washcoat. The applied washcoat itself can undyed or with one as described above and further developed in accordance with preferred embodiments Be colored dye.

Further It is within the meaning of the present invention possible that the catalyst support with mutually different colorants is colored. The coloring with several be different colorants in the form of a mixture or individual areas are different Colorants above or next to each other colored. Such a variation of the color arrangements provides the possibility for a product to be produced by means of the carrier Catalyst the quality determination the catalyst as best as possible to be measured color variation to achieve. Possible is z. B. also determine the choice of a easily measurable contrasts between catalyst support and the catalytically active species to be applied thereon or Precursors thereof, for example, the progress of the job an active species or a washcoat on the catalyst support to track during the job or the completeness or the degree of coloration of the catalyst support after application with the catalytically active species or the washcoat to determine.

According to the invention suitable Catalyst carrier materials are in principle all materials, those skilled in the art as a catalyst support are known suitable. According to the invention preferred however, are catalyst supports based on carbon, of elemental oxides or elemental carbides.

Carbonaceous catalyst supports preferably comprise the carbon in the form of coke, graphite, carbon black or activated carbon. Element oxide-containing catalyst supports preferably comprise SiO ₂ (natural or synthetic silica, quartz), Al ₂ O ₃ (alpha, gamma-Al ₂ O ₃ ), clays, sheet silicates such as montmorillonite (in particular in the form of bentonites), bleaching earths, TiO ₂ ( Rutile, anatase), ZrO ₂ , MgO or ZnO.

in principle Both synthetic materials and carriers can be used from natural sources, such as pumice, kaolin, bleaching earth, Bauxite, bentonite, kieselguhr or asbestos.

It is further preferred that the catalyst support comprises or consists of a metal oxide, a carbide, a metal in metallic form, a ceramic and / or a nitride. Suitable metal oxides are selected from the group consisting of SiO ₂ , Al ₂ O ₃ , TiO ₂ , ZrO ₂ , MgO and ZnO. A suitable carbide is SiC, a suitable nitride boron nitride.

Especially with regard to the production of catalysts for the Use in fixed bed reactors, it is according to a further preferred embodiment of the invention Carrier provided that the carrier as a shaped body is trained. When the catalyst support according to the invention is designed as a shaped body, this can in principle exist in any three-dimensional form. such Shapes are known to the person skilled in the art. Preferred is in the context of the present Invention of the catalyst carrier as a sphere, cylinder, hollow cylinder, Tablet, trilobus, tetralobus, ring, torus, star, cartwheel, inverse Cartwheel, extrudate or strand, such as rib or star strand, educated.

Of the catalyst support according to the invention in principle have any size, wherein the choice of size in the first place of that later purpose of the catalyst to be produced from it is. According to the invention it is preferred that the maximum dimension of the catalyst support from 1 mm to 50 mm, more preferably 3 mm to 15 mm and most preferably 5 mm to 10 mm.

According to a further preferred embodiment of the catalyst support according to the invention, it is provided that the support is compact. Compact means that the catalyst support has a specific surface area (BET) of less than 0.5 m ² / g.

alternative it may do so according to another embodiment the catalyst support according to the invention be provided that the carrier is porous.

is the catalyst support according to the invention open-pore, so it may according to a further preferred embodiment provided the carrier according to the invention be, as stated above, that too the inner surface of the carrier with the colorant is colored.

The catalyst support according to the invention preferably has a specific surface area (BET) of 10 to 4500 m ² / g, with a specific surface of 50 to 2000 m ² / g more preferred and a specific surface area of 300 to 1000 m ² / g more preferred is.

Of the Catalyst support according to the present invention Invention preferably has an integral pore volume of 0.1 to 1.9 ml / g.

Corresponding a further preferred embodiment of the invention Catalyst support it is envisaged that at least 90% the integral pore volume of the carrier of mesopores and macropores are formed. Under mesopores thereby become pores with a diameter of 2 nm to 50 nm and under macropores Pores with a diameter greater than 50 nm.

Corresponding a further embodiment of the invention Catalyst support has this a mean pore diameter from 1 to 1000 nm, preferably a mean pore diameter of 1 to 500 nm and more preferably a mean pore diameter from 5 to 300 nm.

In particular, when the catalyst support of the present invention is a molded article, it is preferable that the support has a hardness of greater than or equal to 20N, more preferably a hardness greater than or equal to 30N, more preferably a hardness greater than or equal to 40 N and most preferably larger he / equals 50 N.

The The present invention further relates to a method, in particular for the preparation of a catalyst support according to the invention, comprising the step of coloring a catalyst support with an organic colorant. The catalyst carrier is preferably a carrier as defined above. The organic colorant is also preferably a colorant as defined above or a colorant corresponding to the preferred Embodiments of the invention Carrier.

The Dyeing of the colorant is carried out on the carrier preferably by the carrier with a solution or with a suspension containing one or more colorants sprayed or immersed in it. It is within the meaning of the present Invention also conceivable that coloring with each other A method is carried out which is known to the person skilled in the art, the two aforementioned methods and the pore filling method, in the prior art also known as "incipient wetness method" is and in which an open-pored carrier with a his Pore volume corresponding volume of solution or suspension is loaded, inventively preferred. Under A suspension is understood in the context of the present invention while a heterogeneous mixture of substances comprising a liquid and one or more fine organic color pigments contained therein. A solution is understood in the sense of the present Invention a homogeneous mixture comprising a liquid and one or more dyes contained therein dissolved.

The inventive method comprises accordingly a preferred embodiment thereof the step determining a first actual value of a color value of the catalyst carrier after dyeing the catalyst support. Thereby is the possibility of determining the quality the coloring for example by means of photoelectric methods given.

to Determination of the quality of the coloration on the catalyst support it is according to a further preferred embodiment the process of the invention provided that the method further comprises the step of comparing the determined one or measured first actual value of the color parameter with a predetermined first target value of the color parameter. This makes it possible the quality of the coloration of catalyst supports to determine and carrier with a desired Color quality of those with a different color quality separate. For the later production of solid catalysts using the carrier according to the invention It can be used, for example, for determining the quality an order of catalytically active species on the carrier be metrologically necessary, carrier equal or largely use the same color quality.

Corresponding a further preferred embodiment of the invention Process becomes a material on the catalyst support after dyeing applied. To produce a solid catalyst is it is preferably a catalytically active material Mass or a precursor thereof. For the mission a washcoat is preferably the material to a metal oxide, a metal oxide mixture or a mixed oxide. By the color change after the material order can be the quality of the material order.

The inventive method comprises accordingly a preferred embodiment thereof also the Step of determining a second actual value of a color value of the catalyst carrier after the application of the material the catalyst support. This is the possibility for example, determining the quality of the material job given by photoelectric methods.

to Determination of the quality of the material application on the catalyst support it is according to a further preferred embodiment the process of the invention provided that the method further comprises the step of comparing the determined one or measured second actual value of the color parameter with a predetermined second target value of the color parameter. Thereby It is possible the quality of the material order to determine catalyst supports and loaded carriers with a desired quality of those with of a different quality.

Under an actual value of a color parameter is within the meaning of the present Invention understood the value of a color parameter, the catalyst support has after a coloring or material application and the can be determined by means of an optical measurement / assessment. Of the Actual value can be determined by any means of optical methods determinable parameters expressed with the Colorant is linked.

at a desired value of a color parameter is in the sense of present invention by a value of a color parameter predetermined Size. Here is the size of the Desired value preferably chosen such that they are the desired Quality of the catalyst carrier or material colored catalyst carrier corresponds. The predetermined one Size of the target value can, for example, based of catalyst supports or material-colored Catalyst carriers of desired quality by means of paint application or by means of paint application and subsequent Material order and subsequent color parameter determination are determined. For the purposes of the present invention, the term "desired value" also applies a range of values that includes the predetermined value. It is preferred that the beginning and the end value of the range deviates from the predetermined value not more than +/- 10%, preferably not more than +/- 3% and more preferably not more than +/- 1%.

• a) Bereitstellen von gefärbten Katalysatorträger-Einheiten;
• b) Auftragen eines Materials frei von oder enthaltend ein organisches Farbmittel auf die Katalysatorträger-Einheiten;
• c) Bestimmen eines zweiten Ist-Wertes eines Farbparameters von Katalysatorträger-Einheiten, nachdem das Material auf die Katalysatorträger-Einheiten aufgetragen worden ist;
• d) Vergleichen der zweiten Ist-Werte mit einem zweiten Soll-Wert; und
• e) Trennen der Katalysatorträger-Einheiten, deren zweiter Ist-Wert dem zweiten Soll-Wert entspricht, von den Katalysatorträger-Einheiten, deren zweiter Ist-Wert von dem zweiten Soll-Wert abweicht.

The present invention further relates to a method comprising the steps:

• a) providing colored catalyst support units;
• b) applying a material free of or containing an organic colorant to the catalyst support units;
• c) determining a second actual value of a color parameter of catalyst support units after the material has been applied to the catalyst support units;
• d) comparing the second actual values with a second desired value; and
• e) separating the catalyst support units whose second actual value corresponds to the second desired value from the catalyst support units whose second actual value deviates from the second desired value.

through This method is for example the separation of colored Catalyst carriers with material order desired Quality of such other quality allows.

Under The term "color parameters" are used in the sense of present invention optically determinable parameters of a color Understood. These can, for example, by means of optical Method measured directly or using measured optical data be determined. Preferred parameters according to the invention are one or more UV / VIS wavelengths, the hue, the color saturation, the color brightness, the color gloss, the color density and a color value of a color system or a color space, which the coordinates for determining the position of a color in a color space equivalent. Preferred color values of a color space are the red-green-blue (RGB) color value, the cyan magenta yellow key (CMYK) color value, the hue-chroma color brightness (English: hue saturation value = HSV) color value, the Lab color value or the XYZ color value. The corresponding color spaces are Well known in the art. The present However, the invention is not limited to these color spaces. Furthermore, the color parameter can also be a color value of a color system be, for example, the Pantone or Munsell system.

The color density can be defined as: D = -log (reflection factor)

The logarithmic recording of the color density corresponds to the perception of brightness of the human eye.

Of the Hue is next to the color saturation and the color brightness one of the three qualities perceived by man as fundamental a color. The hue in the color theory by definition the property, after which you have color sensations z. B. to red, yellow or green is different. A color of the same color can vary in either color saturation, e.g. B. the Variation between blue and gray blue, or in the color brightness, z. For example, the variation between red and pink. A color can through Specification of the aforementioned three properties clearly described become; if the parameters are quantified, then the cross product tensions all possible values a three-dimensional space, which is referred to as HSV color space. Colors are also over defines the components of certain basic colors. In the additive Color mixing are z. Red, green and blue (RGB), in subtractive color mixing cyan, magenta and yellow (cyan, Magenta, yellow = CMY). For colorimetry, the primary colors are the theoretical colors X, Y and Z.

The Coordinates of the Lab color location are based on the physiological Properties of human perception (color perception), they are based only indirectly on physical color valences. The comprehensive one Lab color space, like XYZ or xyY, contains all potential ones Colors, independent of measuring instruments, and thus allows the lossless conversion of color information from a color system in another, from one type of device to another.

Of the RGB color space (red-green-blue) is a measure space in a subset of all perceptible (defined by the respective purpose) Colors defined by three coordinates "red", "blue" and "green" becomes.

The CMYK color model is a subtractive color model, which is the technical Basis for the modern four-color printing forms. The abbreviation CMYK stands for Cyan, Magenta, Yellow and Key (Black).

Of the HSV color space is the color space of color models in which the color with the help of hue, the color saturation (saturation) and the dark level (value) is defined. Similar Definitions lead to an HSL color space with the relative Lightness, an HSB color space with the absolute brightness (brightness) and an HSI color space with the light intensity (Intensity).

Of the xyY color space refers to the standard color chart of the CIE color system. there x stands for the red axis and y for the green axis. The only in a three-dimensional view representable Y-axis contains the information on the brightness of the respective hue.

The Pantone Matching System consists of 14 basic colors that come in different Mixed colors mixed with each other colors of the system result. For color selection, a color fan is used, which on both coated, dull and uncoated paper is available.

In The subjects will be in addition to the color boxes more color information, such as. B. the mixing ratio from the base colors (the color recipe), published. The Pantone system also includes an extensive color palette, which 1114 spot colors as well as their lightening and clouding after Contains black. Pantone colors come with a number code as well as with the corresponding paper code (C coated, U = uncoated, M = matt).

The three ordering principles of the color system of Munsell are Hue (hue), Chroma (saturation) and value (valence, brightness). The primary criterion of this system is the color tone. The color system includes five main shades (red (R), yellow (Y), green (G), blue (B) and purple (P)) as well as intermediate shades that further subdivide the perceived color shades (YR (yellow-red), GY (yellow-green), BG (blue-green), PB (purple-blue) and RP (red-purple). This arrangement results in a ten-part color area. These ten shades are again in ten gradations divided. For marking the hues numbers (0 to 10) are added to the letter symbols: so the shades (hue) with 1RP, 5P, 3Y or even 7.5 GY, 2.5 PB, and similarly named. Every line is lying Places outward rising saturation (chroma). Of the Value is added as the third dimension of the color body, the vertical central axis. This ranges from V = 10 to the ideal one White to V = 0 to black (reproducible by colorant), this results in a ten-part gray scale. To be named every color pattern in the Munsell system, so every color shown a color sign of the form H V / C, where H (Hue) for hue, V (value) for brightness and C (chroma) for saturation stands.

It is preferred in the context of the present invention that the color parameter is determined photoelectrically. This will be a largely accurate Measurement of the color parameter and, consequently, a largely ensure correct determination of the quality to be determined. Preference is given here to methods in which the color parameter is densitometric or determined spectrophotometrically.

The Determination is carried out in accordance with the present invention more preferably using a colorimetric or a densitometric colorimeter. Such measuring devices are known to the person skilled in the art. As part of The present invention preferably uses spectrophotometers, Colorimeter or densitometer used. But it is also the use any other colorimetric or densitometric technique known in the art Color measuring device possible.

densitometer are devices for the quantitative measurement of color density (solid density). You measure the reflection one color over the three color filters Red, green and blue, what conclusions to the thickness of a paint layer allows. Due to the Using the three color filters mentioned is called the measurement with Densitometers also triple range method. Compared to spectrophotometers can only use tonal values with densitometers, but not shades be determined.

Color tones can be measured by means of a spectrophotometer. Spectrophotometers measure remission values across the entire spectrum of visible light (from infrared to ultraviolet) of an illuminated measuring surface. They split the spectrum of the visible remitted light into a multitude of narrow bands (measuring channels, usually 20 to 40 bands with a width of 20 to 10 nm) and deliver for band (measuring channel) a digitized intensity value. Spectrophotometers thus measure the reflectance of a measuring surface of a sample, which can be used to calculate the color standard values X, Y and Z. Reflectance is usually independent of the illumination source used in the spectrophotometer by continuous calibration on white and black standards. From the values determined, a remission curve is created for the measured measuring surface. This curve represents a sort of color "fingerprint". As stated above, polychromatic light is split into monochromatic light by a prism or by narrow band filters for measurement. A photo element determines the amount of light reflected by the standard and the sample and evaluates their ratio. By multiplying the measured values of each band by the values of the standards, one can determine the corresponding color values of the CIE-LAB and CIE-XYZ color spaces.

When Colorimeter becomes a device for measuring or comparing of colors (actually their color intensities or the color temperature). Colorimeters are optical devices, which are similar to a stereomicroscope with one eye the test object and with the other the reference object considered. The reference is either a fixed color standard or a changeable reference object such as a Color wedge or a colored liquid with changeable Thickness (immersion colorimeter).

The The present invention further relates to the use of a method according to the invention Catalyst support in a process in which the quality a job of a material on the catalyst support is assessed by means of an optical measurement. By the combination of color measuring devices known in the art, as described above were defined with the carriers according to the invention it is possible to perform this procedure by machine. It is therefore preferred that in the process a colorimeter communicates with a control computer which has an actual color value a carrier with that of a predetermined target color value compares and in case of a deviation over a given Tolerance value beyond the carrier of the Quality standard fulfilling separates.

measurement methods

below the methods are given by which the corresponding Parameters of the solid catalyst according to the invention or catalyst support to be determined.

specific surface

The "specific surface" is after DIN 66131 (Determination of the specific surface area of solids by gas adsorption according to Brunauer, Emmett and Teller (BET)) using nitrogen.

Integral pore volume

The integral pore volume is according to DIN 66134 (Determination of pore size distribution and specific surface area of mesoporous solids by nitrogen sorption (Barrett, Joyner, and Halenda (BJH) method).

Pore volume distribution

The pore volume distribution is after DIN 66134 (Determination of pore size distribution and specific surface area of mesoporous solids by nitrogen sorption (Barrett, Joyner, and Halenda (BJH) method).

Average pore diameter

The mean pore diameter is after DIN 66134 (Determination of pore size distribution and specific surface area of mesoporous solids by nitrogen sorption (Barrett, Joyner, and Halenda (BJH) method).

hardness

The Determination of hardness (pressure hardness) is carried out on spherical Samples (diameter: 5 mm) using the tablet hardness tester 8M of Dr. Ing. Schleuniger Pharmatron AG (Switzerland). Before the measurement The samples are taken over a period of 2 h at a Temperature of 130 ° C dried. The hardness becomes calculated as the average of 100 measurements.

For the measurements, the following selectable parameters of the 8M Tablet Hardness Tester are set as follows: Hardness (dimension): N Distance to the sample: 5.00 mm Time Delay: 0.80 s Feed type: 6 D Speed: 0.60 mm / s

Example 1:

For the preparation of a colored catalyst with an active composition content of 8% by weight and the composition of 7.5% by weight of vanadium pentoxide, 3.2% by weight of antimony trioxide, 0.40% by weight of cesium (calculated as cesium), 0.2% by weight of phosphorus (calculated as phosphorus) and the remainder of titanium dioxide were mixed in a fluidized bed coater with 2600 g of steatite body in the form of hollow cylinders of size 8 × 6 × 5 mm with a suspension of 17.9 g of vanadium pentoxide, 7.6 g antimony trioxide, 1.28 g of cesium sulfate, 1.9 g of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, 5 g of azorubine (E 122), 364.4 g of titanium dioxide having a BET surface area of 26 m ² / g, 130.5 g of a 50% binder. igen dispersion of water and vinyl acetate / ethylene copolymer (EP 65, Air Products) and 1000 g of water coated. For this purpose, the suspension was sprayed onto a fluidized bed produced by means of process air heated to 80 ° C.

Everyone loaded hollow cylinder was measured with a spectrophotometer (Averaging out four individual measurements), where the Lab color value of each hollow cylinder was determined. The measured color value of each hollow cylinder was compared with reference values and the hollow cylinder divided accordingly into a total of six batches. An investigation of the batches showed that all the hollow cylinders of a batch have almost the same shell thickness of applied active mass.

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list The documents listed by the applicant have been automated generated and is solely for better information recorded by the reader. The list is not part of the German Patent or utility model application. The DPMA takes over no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited non-patent literature

• - DIN 55944 [0013]
• - Römpp, Lexikon Chemie, 10th edition, Georg Thieme Verlag, 1997 [0013]
• - DIN 55944 [0090]
• - Römpp, Lexikon Chemie, 10th edition, Georg Thieme Verlag, 1997 [0090]
• - DIN 66131 [0162]
• - DIN 66134 [0163]
• - DIN 66134 [0164]
• - DIN 66134 [0165]

Claims (93)

Solids catalyst, dyed with a organic colorant. Solid catalyst according to claim 1, characterized in that the solid catalyst has at least one adsorption band in a wavelength range of 400 nm to 800 nm. Solid catalyst according to one of the preceding Claims, characterized in that the solid catalyst red, yellow, green or blue. Solid catalyst according to one of the preceding Claims, characterized in that the proportion of Solid catalyst on the colorant is 0.001 to 5 wt .-%. Solid catalyst according to one of the preceding Claims, characterized in that the colorant a pigment or a dye. Solid catalyst according to one of the preceding Claims, characterized in that the colorant a synthetic, a natural or a nature-identical Colorant is. Solid catalyst according to one of the preceding Claims, characterized in that the colorant a colorful colorant is. Solid catalyst according to claim 7, characterized in that that the colorant is a red, orange, yellow, green, is blue or violet colorant. Solid catalyst according to one of the preceding Claims, characterized in that the colorant a nitro dye, an azo dye, an indigo dye, a phthalocyanine dye, a phthalic acid dye, a triphenylmethane dye or an anthraquinone dye. Solid catalyst according to claim 9, characterized in that the triphenylmethane dye is an aminotriphenylmethane dye, a hydroxytriphenylmethane dye or a phthalein. Solid catalyst according to one of the preceding Claims, characterized in that the colorant is a food coloring. Solid catalyst according to claim 11, characterized in that that the food colorant is selected from the group consisting of allura red, amaranth, anthocyanins, azorubin, betanin, Brown FK, Brown HT, Brilliant Blue FCF, Brilliant Black BN, Canthaxanthin, Carotene, annatto, capsanthin, lycopene, beta-apo-8'-carotenal, beta-apo-8'-carotenoic acid ethyl ester, Quinoline Yellow, Chlorophyll, Cochenillerot A, Curcumin, Erythrosin, Yellow orange S, green S, indigotin, koschenille, coppery Complexes of Chlorophylls and Chlorophylline, Litholubin BK, Lutein, Patent blue, biochar, riboflavin, riboflavin-5-phosphate, tartrazine, Caramel, sulphite lye caramel, ammoniac caramel, Ammonsulfite caramel and zeaxanthin. Solid catalyst according to one of the preceding Claims, characterized in that the colorant is a metal-free colorant. Solid catalyst according to one of the preceding Claims, characterized in that the colorant is a sulfur-free colorant. Solid catalyst according to one of the preceding Claims, characterized in that the colorant is a halogen-free colorant. Solid catalyst according to one of the claims 5 to 15, characterized in that the dye is a water-soluble Dye is. Solid catalyst according to one of the preceding Claims, characterized in that the colorant is a thermally decomposable colorant. Solid catalyst according to claim 17, characterized in that that the colorant at a temperature of 50 to 500 ° C. is decomposable. Solid catalyst according to one of the preceding Claims, characterized in that the solid catalyst a full catalyst or a supported catalyst with a catalyst carrier. Solid catalyst according to claim 19, characterized in that the supported catalyst is a supported one Metal oxide or a supported metal catalyst is. Solid catalyst according to claim 19 or 20, characterized characterized in that the catalyst support is a metal oxide, a carbide, a metal in metallic form, a ceramic and / or includes a nitride. A solid catalyst according to claim 21, characterized in that the metal oxide is selected from the group consisting of SiO ₂ , Al ₂ O ₃ , TiO ₂ , ZrO ₂ , MgO and ZnO, which is carbide SiC and in that the nitride is boron nitride. Solid catalyst according to claim 19 or 20, characterized characterized in that the catalyst support is a bleaching earth includes. Solid catalyst according to one of the preceding Claims, characterized in that the solid catalyst is formed as a shaped body. Solids catalyst according to Claim 24, characterized that the shaped body is a ball, a cylinder, a hollow cylinder, a trilobus, a tetralobus, a ring, a torus, a star Cartwheel, an inverse cartwheel, a tablet, an extrudate or a strand is. Solid catalyst according to one of the preceding Claims, characterized in that the maximum dimension of the solid catalyst is 1 mm to 50 mm. Solid catalyst according to one of the preceding Claims, characterized in that the solid catalyst is compact. Solid catalyst according to one of the claims 1 to 26, characterized in that the solid catalyst is porous. Solid catalyst according to claim 28, characterized in that that the inner surface of the solid catalyst with the colorant is colored. Solids catalyst according to claim 28 or 29, characterized in that the solid catalyst has a specific surface area of 10 to 4500 m ² / g. Solid catalyst according to one of the claims 28 to 30, characterized in that the solid catalyst has an integral pore volume of 0.1 to 1.9 ml / g. Solid catalyst according to one of the claims 28 to 31, characterized in that at least 90% of the integral Pore volume of the solid catalyst of mesopores and macropores are formed. Solid catalyst according to one of the claims 28 to 32, characterized in that the solid catalyst has an average pore diameter of 1 to 500 nm. Solid catalyst according to one of the preceding Claims, characterized in that the solid catalyst has a hardness of greater than or equal to 20 N. Method with the step: Apply one colored mass containing a catalytic active species or a precursor thereof on a catalyst support. Method with the step: To dye a solid catalyst with an organic colorant. Method according to claim 36, characterized that the dyeing takes place by the solid catalyst with a solution or with a suspension containing the Colorant is sprayed. Method according to claim 36, characterized that the dyeing takes place by the solid catalyst in a solution or suspension containing the colorant is immersed. Method according to one of claims 36 to 38, characterized in that after dyeing the solid catalyst an actual value of a color parameter of the solid catalyst is determined becomes. Method according to claim 39, characterized that the actual value is compared with a desired value. Method according to one of claims 36 to 40, comprising the steps: a) dyeing a plurality solid catalyst units with an organic colorant; b) Determining an actual value of a color parameter of solid catalyst units, after the solid catalyst units have been stained are; c) comparing the actual values with a desired value; and d) Separating the solid catalyst units whose actual value is the target value corresponds, of the solid catalyst units, their actual value deviates from the target value. Method according to one of claims 39 to 41, characterized in that the color parameter is selected is from the group consisting of hue, color saturation, Color brightness, color density, a UV / VIS wavelength and a color value of a color space. Method according to one of claims 39 to 42, characterized in that the color parameter photoelectric is determined. Method according to claim 43, characterized in that that the color parameter is densitometric or spectrophotometric is determined. Method according to one of claims 39 to 44, characterized in that the color parameter by means of a colorimetric or densitometric colorimeter determined becomes. Method according to claim 45, characterized in that that the colorimeter is a spectrophotometer, a densitometer or a colorimeter is. Catalyst support, dyed with an organic colorant. Catalyst support according to claim 47, characterized characterized in that the catalyst support at least one Adsorption band in a wavelength range of 400 nm to 800 nm. Catalyst support according to claim 47 or 48, characterized in that the catalyst carrier red, yellow, green or blue. Catalyst support according to one of the claims 47 to 49, characterized in that the proportion of the catalyst support on the colorant is 0.001 to 5 wt .-%. Catalyst support according to one of the claims 47 to 50, characterized in that the colorant is a pigment or a dye. Catalyst support according to one of the claims 47 to 51, characterized in that the colorant is a synthetic, is a natural or a nature-identical colorant. Catalyst support according to one of the claims 47 to 52, characterized in that the colorant is a colorful Colorant is. Catalyst support according to one of the claims 47 to 53, characterized in that the colorant is a nitro dye, an azo dye, an indigo dye, a phthalocyanine dye, a phthalic acid dye, a triphenylmethane dye or an anthraquinone dye. Catalyst support according to one of the claims 47 to 54, characterized in that the colorant is a food colorant is. Catalyst support according to claim 55, characterized characterized in that the food dye is selected is from the group consisting of allura red, amaranth, anthocyanins, Azorubin, Betanin, Brown FK, Brown HT, Brilliant Blue FCF, Brilliant Black BN, canthaxanthin, carotene, annatto, capsanthin, lycopene, beta-apo-8'-carotenal, Beta-apo-8'-carotenoic acid ethyl ester, quinoline yellow, chlorophyll, Cochenillerot A, Curcumin, Erythrosin, Sunset S, Green S, indigotine, cochineal, copper complexes of chlorophylls and chlorophyllins, litholubin BK, lutein, patent blue, biochar, Riboflavin, riboflavin-5-phosphate, tartrazine, caramel, Sulfite lye caramel, ammonia caramel, Ammonsulfite caramel and zeaxanthin. Catalyst support according to one of the claims 47 to 56, characterized in that the colorant is a metal-free Colorant is. Catalyst support according to one of the claims 47 to 57, characterized in that the colorant is a sulfur-free Colorant is. Catalyst support according to one of the claims 47 to 58, characterized in that the colorant is a halogen-free Colorant is. Catalyst support according to one of the claims 51 to 59, characterized in that the dye is a water-soluble Dye is. Catalyst support according to one of the claims 47 to 60, characterized in that the colorant is a thermal is decomposable colorant. Catalyst support according to claim 61, characterized characterized in that the colorant at a temperature of 50 is thermally decomposable to 500 ° C. Catalyst support according to one of the claims 47 to 62, characterized in that the catalyst carrier a metal oxide, a carbide, a metal in metallic form, a Ceramic or a nitride. Catalyst support according to claim 63, characterized in that the metal oxide is selected from the group consisting of SiO ₂ , Al ₂ O ₃ , TiO ₂ , ZrO ₂ , MgO and ZnO, which is carbide SiC and in that the nitride is boron nitride. Catalyst support according to one of the claims 47 to 64, characterized in that the catalyst carrier comprises a bleaching earth. Catalyst support according to one of the claims 47 to 65, characterized in that the catalyst support is formed as a shaped body. Catalyst support according to claim 66, characterized characterized in that the shaped body is a ball, a cylinder, a hollow cylinder, a trilobus, a tetralobus, a ring, a torus, a star, a cartwheel, an inverse cartwheel, a tablet, a Strand or an extrudate. Catalyst support according to one of the claims 47 to 67, characterized in that the maximum dimension of the Catalyst carrier is 1 mm to 50 mm. Catalyst support according to one of the claims 47 to 68, characterized in that the catalyst support is compact. Catalyst support according to one of the claims 47 to 68, characterized in that the catalyst support is porous. Catalyst support according to claim 70, characterized characterized in that the inner surface of the catalyst carrier colored with the colorant. Catalyst support according to claim 70 or 71, characterized in that the catalyst support has a specific surface area of 10 to 4500 m ² / g. Catalyst support according to one of the claims 70 to 72, characterized in that the catalyst support has an integral pore volume to BJH of 0.1 to 1.9 ml / g. Catalyst support according to one of the claims 70 to 73, characterized in that at least 90% of the integral Pore volume according to BJH of the catalyst support of mesopores and macropores are formed. Catalyst support according to one of the claims 70 to 74, characterized in that the catalyst support has an average pore diameter of 1 to 500 nm. Catalyst support according to one of the claims 47 to 75, characterized in that the catalyst support has a hardness of greater than or equal to 20 N. Method with the step: To dye a catalyst support with an organic colorant. Method according to claim 77, characterized in that that the dyeing of the catalyst support takes place, by the catalyst carrier with a solution or sprayed with a suspension containing the colorant becomes. Method according to claim 77, characterized in that that the dyeing of the catalyst support takes place, by placing the catalyst support in a solution or in a suspension containing the colorant is immersed. Method according to one of claims 77 to 79, characterized in that after dyeing the catalyst support a first actual value of a color parameter of the catalyst support is determined. Method according to claim 80, characterized in that that the first actual value is compared with a first target value. Method according to one of claims 77 to 81, characterized in that after dyeing the catalyst support a material is applied to the catalyst support. Method according to claim 82, characterized in that that the material is a catalytically active material, a catalyst precursor or a metal oxide-containing material. A method according to claim 82 or 83, characterized after applying the material to the catalyst support a second actual value of a color parameter of the catalyst support is determined. Method according to claim 84, characterized in that that the second actual value is compared with a second desired value becomes. Method comprising the steps: a) Provide of colored catalyst support units; b) Applying a material free of or containing an organic Colorant on the catalyst support units; c) Determining a second actual value of a color parameter of catalyst support units, after the material on the catalyst support units has been applied; d) comparing the second actual values with a second target value; and e) separating the catalyst support units, whose second actual value corresponds to the second desired value of the catalyst support units, whose second actual value deviates from the second desired value. Method according to one of claims 80 to 86, characterized in that the color parameter is selected is from the group consisting of hue, color saturation, Color brightness, color density, a UV / VIS wavelength and Color value of a color space. Method according to one of claims 80 to 87, characterized in that the color parameter by means of a densitometric colorimeter is determined. Method according to claim 88, characterized in that that the colorimeter is a densitometer. Method according to one of claims 80 to 89, characterized in that the color parameter by means of a colorimetric colorimeter is determined. Method according to claim 90, characterized in that that the colorimeter is a spectrophotometer or a Colorimeter is. Use of a solid catalyst according to a of claims 1 to 34 in a method in which the Quality of the solid catalyst by means of an optical Measurement is judged. Use of a catalyst support after one of claims 47 to 76 in a method in which the quality of a job of a material on the catalyst support is assessed by means of an optical measurement.