DE102008060598A1 - Apparatus and method for compressing or compressing a gas - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a device for compressing or relaxing a gaseous working fluid by means of a hydraulic fluid, comprising a first adiabatic cylinder (8, 108) and a second adiabatic cylinder (7, 107) connected to the first cylinder (8, 108) via a device is hydraulically connected to the supply (11) or discharge (111) of energy, wherein (a) in a first state the gaseous working fluid is in the first adiabatic cylinder (8, 108) and the hydraulic fluid in the second adiabatic cylinder (7 , 107); (B) in a first step, the hydraulic fluid from the second adiabatic cylinder (7, 107) in the first adiabatic cylinder (8, 108) is guided, wherein the hydraulic fluid passes through the means for supplying (11) or discharge (111) of energy ; (c) in a second state, the gaseous working fluid is in the second adiabatic cylinder (7, 107) and the hydraulic fluid is in the first adiabatic cylinder (8, 108); (D) in a second step, the hydraulic fluid from the first adiabatic cylinder (8, 108) in the second adiabatic cylinder (7, 107) is guided, wherein the hydraulic fluid passes through the means for supplying (11) or discharge (111) of energy ; and (e) repeatedly executing the first step (b) upon reaching the second state and then the second step (d) upon reaching the first state.

Description

The The invention relates to an arrangement for compression or compression a gaseous working medium. It further relates to a method of compaction or compression a gaseous working medium.

The Compression or expansion of gases has in the energy industry found a ready application. For example, the expansion of gases in processes for the production of electrical or mechanical Energy from other forms of energy such as heat energy used. In so-called ORC processes (OCR = Organic Rankine Cycle), becomes heat energy by means of a gaseous or liquid Working fluid, with the exception of water, into electrical energy transformed.

The Compression of gases, on the other hand, is used in heat pumps. In the Compressor units of heat pumps Among other things, work equipment with high compression pressures and / or huge pressures used. Such work equipment is in particular carbon dioxide or Ammonia. Further, the compression of gases in a compressor unit used for energy storage, as for example in compressed air storage the case is. Another application of the compression of Gases is the isothermal compression, during separation or discharge the compression heat is required. moreover Gases are compressed where there is a risk of explosion.

to Compression of gases are in the range of small to medium Mainly used roll and reciprocating compressors, while in the range of medium to large power screw or Turbo machines are used.

at the expansion of gases - especially for OCR processes - in the middle Performance range mainly rotary or rotary piston engines and in the large Lei stungsbereich Turbo or screw compressor used. On the other hand, are in small Power range, smaller 10 kW electrical, so far no economic Plants were built, where an ORC process could be applied. Only on the basis of the Stirling engine so-called "mini combined heat and power plants" were built.

The However, devices used for compression have certain Disadvantages. In these machines is mechanically consuming a volume displacement achieved by pistons, which often requires the use of lubricating oil is, on the one hand to protect the mechanics and on the other a better one To achieve tightness between piston and cylinder wall. This leads to unnecessary energy losses and environmental pollution and makes such compressor consuming and expensive. Rarely do these compressor designs reach one isentropic efficiency of more than 75%.

A Exceptional, however, are membrane and turbo compressors Membrane compressor becomes a membrane mechanically or hydraulically driven, which then causes the volume displacement of the gas. These compressors do not need any oil for sealing and achieve quite isentropic efficiencies of 90%. In turbocompressors, the gas to be compressed is through a Accelerated paddle wheel and then in a diffuser the kinetic energy converted into pressure. It rarely comes the Use of lubricating oil in front. However, need the paddle wheels very high speeds in order to achieve acceptable efficiencies. Furthermore, must size flow rates promoted which, in turn, makes the use of such machines great on performance limits.

Also have the devices used for the expansion of gases so far various disadvantages. The used in the small power range Stirling cogeneration Although have good efficiencies, but is in these plants the power density, especially in the low temperature range relatively poor. For this reason, such systems are often large and expensive, which in turn negative impact on their profitability. For ORC processes are due to the turbo or screw compressor only economic Facilities in the middle and large Power range operated. This also applies to compression.

task The invention is to the disadvantages of the prior art remove. It is intended in particular a device for compression or expansion of a gas can be specified, which has a high efficiency has realized cost-effective can be used economically and in particular with ORC processes in plants low and medium power in the low temperature range allows. Furthermore, a method for the compression or expansion of a gas be specified.

These The object is solved by the features of claims 1 and 8. Advantageous embodiments The inventions result from the features of claims 2 to 7 and 9 to 14.

• (a) sich in einem ersten Zustand das gasförmige Arbeitsmittel in dem ersten adiabaten Zylinder befindet und sich die Hydraulikflüssigkeit in dem zweiten adiabaten Zylinder befindet;
• (b) in einem ersten Schritt die Hydraulikflüssigkeit aus dem zweiten adiabaten Zylinder in den ersten adiabaten Zylinder geführt wird, wobei die Hydraulikflüssigkeit die Einrichtung zur Zufuhr oder Abfuhr von Energie passiert;
• (c) sich in einem zweiten Zustand das gasförmige Arbeitsmittel in dem zweiten adiabaten Zylinder befindet und sich die Hydraulikflüssigkeit in dem ersten adiabaten Zylinder befindet;
• (d) in einem zweiten Schritt die Hydraulikflüssigkeit aus dem ersten adiabaten Zylinder in den zweiten adiabaten Zylinder geführt wird, wobei die Hydraulikflüssigkeit die Einrichtung zur Zufuhr oder Abfuhr von Energie passiert; und
• (e) der erste Schritt (b) unter Erreichen des zweiten Zustandes und anschließend der zweite Schritt (d) unter Erreichen des ersten Zustandes wiederholt ausgeführt werden.

According to the invention, a device for compressing or relaxing a gaseous working fluid by means of a hydraulic fluid, comprising a first adiabatic Zylin and a second adiabatic cylinder hydraulically connected to the first cylinder via means for supplying or discharging energy, wherein

• (a) in a first state, the gaseous working fluid is in the first adiabatic cylinder and the hydraulic fluid is in the second adiabatic cylinder;
• (B) in a first step, the hydraulic fluid from the second adiabatic cylinder is guided in the first adiabatic cylinder, wherein the hydraulic fluid passes through the means for supplying or dissipating energy;
• (c) in a second state, the gaseous working fluid is in the second adiabatic cylinder and the hydraulic fluid is in the first adiabatic cylinder;
• (D) in a second step, the hydraulic fluid from the first adiabatic cylinder is guided in the second adiabatic cylinder, wherein the hydraulic fluid passes through the means for supplying or dissipating energy; and
• (E) the first step (b) upon reaching the second state and then the second step (d) are repeatedly executed upon reaching the first state.

The Invention is based on the expansion or compression of gases Volume displacement with Help of a hydraulic fluid, which in the case of compression by a hydraulic pump, an energy supply due to an increase in pressure or in the case of expansion by a hydraulic motor, an energy dissipation experiences as a result of a reduction in pressure.

The gaseous Working means is preferably a technical gas, for example Carbon dioxide, oxygen, air, nitrogen, argon, ammonia, helium, Propane, hydrogen and / or nitrous oxide. Preferred gaseous working medium are oxygen, air, nitrogen and carbon dioxide. A special preferred gaseous Work equipment is carbon dioxide. The gaseous working fluid will be described below also referred to as gas.

The hydraulic fluid is preferably water. The first and second cylinders are preferably same interior volumes.

It can be provided that in the adiabatic cylinders, the hydraulic fluid and the gaseous working fluid are separated from each other to the dissolution of the gaseous working fluid in the hydraulic fluid to prevent. For this separation can in the cylinders each have a separating element, for example a piston or a membrane may be provided. The separator, the gaseous one Work equipment completely from the hydraulic fluid is movable in the cylinder along the longitudinal axis, so that its Position in dependence from the pressure ratios change in the cylinder can.

Under an adiabatic cylinder is here understood a cylinder that none or as small as possible heat exchange with the environment. This can be achieved by insulating the cylinders become. In the cylinders, the working gas temperature can be increased by introduction of heat exchangers be limited.

The Terms "compression" and "compression" are used used synonymously here. Similarly, the terms "expansion" and "relaxation" become synonymous used.

Under one completely filled Cylinder is understood as a cylinder that is either complete or at least 98% with the gaseous Working fluid or hydraulic fluid at a given Temperature and a predetermined pressure is filled.

The Device has a comparatively simple structure, since All components used mass-produced and therefore inexpensive to buy are. Furthermore, a simple conversion of the device for expansion a gas (= expansion machine) to the device for compression of a Gases (= compression machine) or vice versa possible.

at Application of water hydraulics becomes a burden of oil or others Lubricants and working materials avoided. By sizing the Both cylinders are in compliance with the operating points of hydraulic pump or hydraulic motor arbitrary pressure conditions selectable. It will be very good achieved machine efficiencies of 90 to 95%.

The Invention allows for the first time an economic application of the expansion of gases ORC processes with low and medium power in the low temperature range (> = 200 ° C) when used of carbon dioxide (R744) as working fluid. Under low power here ≤ 50 kW electric, under average power: 51 kW ≥ electric power ≤ 500 kW understood.

Device for compressing a gas (Compression engine)

• – der erste adiabate Zylinder über ein erstes Ventil mit einer ersten Leitung verbunden ist, in die verdichtetes gasförmiges Arbeitsmittel aus dem ersten adiabaten Zylinder strömen kann (die erste Leitung wird im Zusammenhang mit der Verdichtung eines Gases auch als Druckleitung bezeichnet);
• – der erste adiabate Zylinder über ein zweites Ventil mit einer zweiten Leitung verbunden ist, aus der entspanntes gasförmiges Arbeitsmittel in den ersten adiabaten Zylinder strömen kann (die zweite Leitung wird im Zusammenhang mit der Verdichtung eines Gases auch als Saugleitung bezeichnet);
• – der zweite adiabate Zylinder über ein drittes Ventil mit der ersten Leitung (Druckleitung) verbunden ist, in die verdichtetes gasförmiges Arbeitsmittel aus dem zweiten adiabaten Zylinder (7) strömen kann;
• – der zweite adiabate Zylinder über ein viertes Ventil mit der zweiten Leitung (Saugleitung) verbunden ist, aus der entspanntes gasförmiges Arbeitsmittel in den zweiten adiabaten Zylinder strömen kann;
• – die Einrichtung zur Zufuhr von Energie eine Hydraulikpumpe ist, die den Druck der Hydraulikflüssigkeit, die die Hydraulikpumpe passiert, erhöht; wobei
• – in dem ersten Zustand und dem zweiten Zustand das erste, zweite, dritte und vierte Ventil der beiden Zylinder geschlossen ist;
• – in dem ersten Schritt, in dem die Hydraulikflüssigkeit aus dem zweiten adiabaten Zylinder in den ersten adiabaten Zylinder geführt wird, (i) das gasförmige Arbeitsmittel in dem ersten adiabaten Zylinder (8) auf einen vorgegebenen Druck verdichtet wird, wobei sich, sobald das gasförmige Arbeitsmittel den vorgegebenen Druck erreicht hat, das erste Ventil öffnet, so daß das verdichtete gasförmige Arbeitsmittel isobar in die erste Leitung (Druckleitung) strömt; und (ii) der Druck in dem zweiten adiabaten Zylinder auf einen vorgegebenen Wert sinkt, wobei sich, sobald der vorgegebene Druck in dem zweiten adiabaten Zylinder erreicht ist, das vierte Ventil öffnet, so daß entspanntes gasförmiges Arbeitsmittel aus der zweiten Leitung (Saugleitung) in den zweiten adiabaten Zylinder strömt; und
• – in dem zweiten Schritt, in dem die Hydraulikflüssigkeit aus dem ersten adiabaten Zylinder in den zweiten adiabaten Zylinder geführt wird, (i) das gasförmige Arbeitsmittel in dem zweiten adiabaten Zylinder auf einen vorgegebenen Druck verdichtet wird, wobei sich, sobald das gasförmige Arbeitsmittel den vorgegebenen Druck erreicht hat, das dritte Ventil öffnet, so daß das verdichtete gasförmige Arbeitsmittel isobar in die erste Leitung (Druckleitung) strömt; und (ii) der Druck in dem ersten adiabaten Zylinder auf einen vorgegebenen Wert sinkt, wobei sich, sobald der vorgegebene Druck in dem ersten adiabaten Zylinder erreicht ist, das zweite Ventil öffnet, so daß entspanntes gasförmiges Arbeitsmittel aus der zweiten Leitung (Saugleitung) in den ersten adiabaten Zylinder strömt.

In one embodiment, the invention is directed to a device for compressing the gaseous working fluid, in which

• - The first adiabatic cylinder is connected via a first valve to a first conduit into which compressed gaseous working fluid from the first adiabatic cylinder can flow (the first conduit is in connection with the compaction tion of a gas also referred to as a pressure line);
• - The first adiabatic cylinder is connected via a second valve to a second line from which relaxed gaseous working fluid in the first adiabatic cylinder can flow (the second conduit is also referred to as suction in connection with the compression of a gas);
• - The second adiabatic cylinder is connected via a third valve to the first line (pressure line), in the compressed gaseous working fluid from the second adiabatic cylinder ( 7 ) can flow;
• - The second adiabatic cylinder is connected via a fourth valve to the second line (suction line), can flow from the relaxed gaseous working fluid in the second adiabatic cylinder;
• The means for supplying energy is a hydraulic pump which increases the pressure of the hydraulic fluid passing through the hydraulic pump; in which
• - In the first state and the second state, the first, second, third and fourth valve of the two cylinders is closed;
• In the first step, in which the hydraulic fluid from the second adiabatic cylinder is guided into the first adiabatic cylinder, (i) the gaseous working fluid in the first adiabatic cylinder ( 8th ) is compressed to a predetermined pressure, wherein, once the gaseous working fluid has reached the predetermined pressure, the first valve opens, so that the compressed gaseous working fluid isobarically flows into the first conduit (pressure line); and (ii) the pressure in the second adiabatic cylinder decreases to a predetermined value, and as soon as the predetermined pressure in the second adiabatic cylinder is reached, the fourth valve opens so that expanded gaseous working fluid from the second conduit (suction conduit) enters the second adiabatic cylinder flows; and
• - In the second step, in which the hydraulic fluid from the first adiabatic cylinder is fed into the second adiabatic cylinder, (i) the gaseous working fluid in the second adiabatic cylinder is compressed to a predetermined pressure, as soon as the gaseous working fluid exceeds the predetermined Pressure has reached, the third valve opens, so that the compressed gaseous working fluid isobarically flows into the first line (pressure line); and (ii) the pressure in the first adiabatic cylinder decreases to a predetermined value, and as soon as the predetermined pressure in the first adiabatic cylinder is reached, the second valve opens so that expanded gaseous working fluid from the second conduit (suction conduit) enters the first adiabatic cylinder flows.

The flow direction the hydraulic fluid is conveniently about two Three-way valves intended in the hydraulic connection between the first adiabatic cylinder and the second adiabatic cylinder are arranged. The two three-way valves are simultaneously switched to the flow direction to change.

The First, second, third and fourth valves are expediently Check valves.

The Control of the first, second, third and fourth valve and the Three-way valves can over a control unit.

Preferably, the first line (pressure line), in which compressed gaseous working fluid flows, via an expansion valve with the second line ( 2 ), in which the compressed gaseous working fluid is expanded, so that the working fluid is recycled.

In an embodiment can at least one, preferably both cylinders of the device for Compressing a gas to be assigned in each case a heat exchanger. This embodiment allows an isothermal compression of the gas. The hydraulic fluid, which flows from one cylinder into the other cylinder, happens the heat exchanger and is cooled down there. Subsequently she will over a nozzle passed into the cylinder and sprayed there. In this way, the Hydraulic fluid the absorb compression heat generated during the compression of the gas. It warms up the hydraulic fluid only slightly. The gas only absorbs the proportion of pressure energy and stores this. It absorbs only a small part of the heat of compression. After switching the flow direction the hydraulic fluid happens the hydraulic fluid on the way from one cylinder to the other cylinder again a heat exchanger, in the hydraulic fluid the compression heat is withdrawn again.

Device for relaxing a gas (Expander)

• – der erste adiabate Zylinder über ein erstes Ventil und ein erstes Dreiwegeventil mit einer ersten Leitung verbunden ist, aus der verdichtetes gasförmiges Arbeitsmittel in den erste adiabaten Zylinder strömen kann;
• – der erste adiabate Zylinder über ein zweites Ventil und ein zweites Dreiwegeventil mit einer zweiten Leitung verbunden ist, in die entspanntes gasförmiges Arbeitsmittels aus dem ersten adiabaten Zylinder strömen kann;
• – der zweite adiabate Zylinder über ein drittes Ventil und das erste Dreiwegeventil mit der ersten Leitung verbunden ist, aus der verdichtetes gasförmiges Arbeitsmittel in den zweiten adiabaten Zylinder strömen kann;
• – der zweite adiabate Zylinder über ein viertes Ventil und das zweite Dreiwegeventil mit der zweiten Leitung verbunden ist, in die entspanntes gasförmiges Arbeitsmittel in den zweiten adiabaten Zylinder strömen kann;
• – die Einrichtung zur Abfuhr von Energie ein Hydraulikmotor ist, die den Druck der Hydraulikflüssigkeit, der den Hydraulikmotor passiert, verringert; wobei
• – in dem ersten Zustand und dem zweiten Zustand das erste, zweite, dritte und vierte Ventil der beiden Zylinder geschlossen ist;
• – in dem ersten Schritt, in dem die Hydraulikflüssigkeit aus dem zweiten adiabaten Zylinder in den ersten adiabaten Zylinder geführt wird, (i) über das geöffnete dritte Ventil verdichtetes gasförmiges Arbeitsmittel aus der ersten Leitung in den zweiten adiabaten Zylinder strömt, so daß die Hydraulikflüssigkeit aus dem zweiten adiabaten Zylinder verdrängt wird und in den ersten adiabaten Zylinder strömt; und (ii) ent spanntes gasförmiges Arbeitsmittel aus dem ersten adiabaten Zylinder über das geöffnete zweite Ventil in die zweite Leitung strömt;
• – in dem zweiten Schritt, in dem die Hydraulikflüssigkeit aus dem ersten adiabaten Zylinder in den zweiten adiabaten Zylinder geführt wird, (i) über das geöffnete erste Ventil verdichtetes gasförmiges Arbeitsmittel in den ersten adiabaten Zylinder strömt, so daß die Hydraulikflüssigkeit aus dem ersten adiabaten Zylinder verdrängt wird und in den zweiten adiabaten Zylinder strömt; und (ii) entspanntes gasförmiges Arbeitsmittel aus dem zweiten adiabaten Zylinder über das geöffnete vierte Ventil in die zweite Leitung strömt.

In one embodiment, the invention is directed to a device for relaxing the gaseous working fluid, in which

• - The first adiabatic cylinder is connected via a first valve and a first three-way valve with a first line from which compressed gaseous working fluid can flow into the first adiabatic cylinder;
• - The first adiabatic cylinder via a second valve and a second three-way valve is connected to a second line, can flow into the relaxed gaseous working fluid from the first adiabatic cylinder;
• The second adiabatic cylinder is connected via a third valve and the first three-way valve is connected to the first line, from which compressed gaseous working fluid can flow into the second adiabatic cylinder;
• The second adiabatic cylinder is connected via a fourth valve and the second three-way valve is connected to the second line, into which relaxed gaseous working fluid can flow into the second adiabatic cylinder;
• The means for dissipating energy is a hydraulic motor which reduces the pressure of the hydraulic fluid passing through the hydraulic motor; in which
• - In the first state and the second state, the first, second, third and fourth valve of the two cylinders is closed;
• - In the first step, in which the hydraulic fluid from the second adiabatic cylinder is guided into the first adiabatic cylinder, (i) via the opened third valve compressed gaseous working fluid from the first conduit into the second adiabatic cylinder, so that the hydraulic fluid from is displaced from the second adiabatic cylinder and flows into the first adiabatic cylinder; and (ii) entrained gaseous working fluid from the first adiabatic cylinder flows via the opened second valve into the second conduit;
• In the second step, in which the hydraulic fluid is conducted from the first adiabatic cylinder into the second adiabatic cylinder, i) compressed gaseous working medium via the opened first valve flows into the first adiabatic cylinder, so that the hydraulic fluid from the first adiabatic cylinder is displaced and flows into the second adiabatic cylinder; and (ii) relaxed gaseous working fluid from the second adiabatic cylinder flows via the opened fourth valve into the second conduit.

Conveniently, becomes the flow direction the hydraulic fluid over two Three-way valves intended in the hydraulic connection between the first adiabatic cylinder and the second adiabatic cylinder are arranged. The flow of the compressed gaseous Working fluid from the first line to the first adiabatic cylinder or to the second adiabatic cylinder is through the first three-way valve certainly. The flow of the relaxed gaseous Working fluid from the first adiabatic cylinder or the second adiabatic Cylinder into the second line is through the second three-way valve certainly. These four three-way valves are preferably synchronous switched so that the flow direction the hydraulic fluid and the supply of compressed working fluid and the removal of relaxed work equipment at the same time.

The First, second, third and fourth valves are expediently Check valves.

The Control of the first, second, third and fourth valve and the Three-way valves can over a control unit.

Preferably is the second line, flows in the relaxed gaseous working fluid, over a Hydraulic pump connected to the first line in which the ent spanned gaseous Working fluid is compressed, so that the gaseous working fluid in the circulation guided becomes.

• (a) sich in einem ersten Zustand das gasförmige Arbeitsmittel in dem ersten adiabaten Zylinder befindet und sich die Hydraulikflüssigkeit in dem zweiten adiabaten Zylinder befindet;
• (b) in einem ersten Schritt die Hydraulikflüssigkeit aus dem zweiten adiabaten Zylinder in den ersten adiabaten Zylinder geführt wird, wobei die Hydraulikflüssigkeit die Einrichtung zur Zufuhr oder Abfuhr von Energie passiert;
• (c) sich in einem zweiten Zustand das gasförmige Arbeitsmittel in dem zweiten adiabaten Zylinder befindet und sich die Hydraulikflüssigkeit in dem ersten adiabaten Zylinder befindet;
• (d) in einem zweiten Schritt die Hydraulikflüssigkeit aus dem ersten adiabaten Zylinder in den zweiten adiabaten Zylinder geführt wird, wobei die Hydraulikflüssigkeit die Einrichtung zur Zufuhr oder Abfuhr von Energie passiert; und
• (e) der erste Schritt (b) unter Erreichen des zweiten Zustandes und anschließend der zweite Schritt (d) unter Erreichen des ersten Zustandes wiederholt ausgeführt werden.

According to the invention there is further provided a method of compressing or relaxing a gaseous working fluid by means of a hydraulic fluid in a device comprising a first adiabatic cylinder and a second adiabatic cylinder hydraulically connected to the first cylinder via means for supplying or discharging energy , provided, wherein

• (a) in a first state, the gaseous working fluid is in the first adiabatic cylinder and the hydraulic fluid is in the second adiabatic cylinder;
• (B) in a first step, the hydraulic fluid from the second adiabatic cylinder is guided in the first adiabatic cylinder, wherein the hydraulic fluid passes through the means for supplying or dissipating energy;
• (c) in a second state, the gaseous working fluid is in the second adiabatic cylinder and the hydraulic fluid is in the first adiabatic cylinder;
• (D) in a second step, the hydraulic fluid from the first adiabatic cylinder is guided in the second adiabatic cylinder, wherein the hydraulic fluid passes through the means for supplying or dissipating energy; and
• (E) the first step (b) upon reaching the second state and then the second step (d) are repeatedly executed upon reaching the first state.

The inventive method is preferably carried out with the device according to the invention.

Method for compressing a gas by means of a compression machine

• – der erste adiabate Zylinder über ein erstes Ventil mit einer ersten Leitung (Druckleitung) verbunden ist, in die verdichtetes gasförmiges Arbeitsmittel aus dem ersten adiabaten Zylinder strömen kann;
• – der erste adiabate Zylinder über ein zweites Ventil mit einer zweiten Leitung (Saugleitung) verbunden ist, aus der entspanntes gasförmiges Arbeitsmittel in den ersten adiabaten Zylinder strömen kann;
• – der zweite adiabate Zylinder über ein drittes Ventil mit der ersten Leitung (Druckleitung) verbunden ist, in die verdichtetes gasförmiges Arbeitsmittel aus dem zweiten adiabaten Zylinder strömen kann;
• – der zweite adiabate Zylinder über ein viertes Ventil mit der zweiten Leitung (Saugleitung) verbunden ist, aus der entspanntes gasförmiges Arbeitsmittel in den zweiten adiabaten Zylinder strömen kann;
• – die Einrichtung zur Zufuhr von Energie eine Hydraulikpumpe ist, die den Druck der Hydraulikflüssigkeit, die die Hydraulikpumpe passiert, erhöht; wobei
• – in dem ersten Zustand und dem zweiten Zustand das erste, zweite, dritte und vierte Ventil der beiden Zylinder geschlossen ist;
• – in dem ersten Schritt, in dem die Hydraulikflüssigkeit aus dem zweiten adiabaten Zylinder in den ersten adiabaten Zylinder geführt wird, (i) das gasförmige Arbeitsmit tel in dem ersten adiabaten Zylinder auf einen vorgegebenen Druck verdichtet wird, wobei sich, sobald das gasförmige Arbeitsmittel den vorgegebenen Druck erreicht hat, das erste Ventil öffnet, so daß das verdichtete gasförmige Arbeitsmittel isobar in die erste Leitung strömt; und (ii) der Druck in dem zweiten adiabaten Zylinder auf einen vorgegebenen Wert sinkt, wobei sich, sobald der vorgegebene Druck in dem zweiten adiabaten Zylinder erreicht ist, das vierte Ventil öffnet, so daß entspanntes gasförmiges Arbeitsmittel in den zweiten adiabaten Zylinder strömt; und
• – in dem zweiten Schritt, in dem die Hydraulikflüssigkeit aus dem ersten adiabaten Zylinder in den zweiten adiabaten Zylinder geführt wird, (i) das gasförmige Arbeitsmittel in dem zweiten adiabaten Zylinder auf einen vorgegebenen Druck verdichtet wird, wobei sich, sobald das gasförmige Arbeitsmittel den vorgegebenen Druck erreicht hat, das dritte Ventil öffnet, so daß das verdichtete gasförmige Arbeitsmittel isobar in die erste Leitung (Druckleitung) strömt; und (ii) der Druck in dem ersten adiabaten Zylinder auf einen vorgegebenen Wert sinkt, wobei sich, sobald der vorgegebene Druck in dem ersten adiabaten Zylinder erreicht ist, das zweite Ventil öffnet, so daß entspanntes gasförmiges Arbeitsmittel in den ersten adiabaten Zylinder strömt.

In one embodiment, the invention is directed to a method of compressing the gaseous working fluid in which

• - The first adiabatic cylinder is connected via a first valve to a first line (pressure line), can flow into the compressed gaseous working fluid from the first adiabatic cylinder;
• - the first adiabatic cylinder over a second Valve with a second line (suction line) is connected, can flow from the relaxed gaseous working fluid in the first adiabatic cylinder;
• - The second adiabatic cylinder is connected via a third valve to the first line (pressure line), can flow into the compressed gaseous working fluid from the second adiabatic cylinder;
• - The second adiabatic cylinder is connected via a fourth valve to the second line (suction line), can flow from the relaxed gaseous working fluid in the second adiabatic cylinder;
• The means for supplying energy is a hydraulic pump which increases the pressure of the hydraulic fluid passing through the hydraulic pump; in which
• - In the first state and the second state, the first, second, third and fourth valve of the two cylinders is closed;
• - In the first step, in which the hydraulic fluid from the second adiabatic cylinder is fed into the first adiabatic cylinder, (i) the gaseous Arbeitsmit tel in the first adiabatic cylinder is compressed to a predetermined pressure, wherein, as soon as the gaseous working fluid has reached predetermined pressure, the first valve opens, so that the compressed gaseous working fluid isobarically flows into the first conduit; and (ii) the pressure in the second adiabatic cylinder decreases to a predetermined value, and as soon as the predetermined pressure in the second adiabatic cylinder is reached, the fourth valve opens so that expanded gaseous working fluid flows into the second adiabatic cylinder; and
• - In the second step, in which the hydraulic fluid from the first adiabatic cylinder is fed into the second adiabatic cylinder, (i) the gaseous working fluid in the second adiabatic cylinder is compressed to a predetermined pressure, as soon as the gaseous working fluid exceeds the predetermined Pressure has reached, the third valve opens, so that the compressed gaseous working fluid isobarically flows into the first line (pressure line); and (ii) the pressure in the first adiabatic cylinder decreases to a predetermined value, and as soon as the predetermined pressure in the first adiabatic cylinder is reached, the second valve opens so that expanded gaseous working fluid flows into the first adiabatic cylinder.

The flow direction the hydraulic fluid is conveniently about two Three-way valves intended in the hydraulic connection between the first adiabatic cylinder and the second adiabatic cylinder are arranged. The two three-way valves are simultaneously switched to the flow direction to change.

The First, second, third and fourth valves are expediently Check valves.

The Control of the first, second, third and fourth valve and the Three-way valves can over a control unit.

Preferably, the first line (pressure line), in which compressed gaseous working fluid flows, via an expansion valve with the second line ( 2 ) verbun the, in which the compressed gaseous working fluid is released, so that the working fluid is recycled.

The method of compressing the gaseous working fluid is described in more detail below:
The gaseous working fluid, which completely fills the first adiabatic cylinder, is compressed by a hydraulic fluid until a desired pressure builds up. At the same time, the hydraulic fluid is taken from the second adiabatic cylinder, which is hydraulically connected to the first adiabatic cylinder. This reduces the pressure in the second adiabatic cylinder to a desired value. When this is reached, the second check valve opens and allows gas to flow from a suction line into the second cylinder. The extracted hydraulic fluid flows through lines to a hydraulic pump, where it undergoes an increase in pressure by supplying energy and is then fed back to the first cylinder.

is in the first cylinder the desired Pressure reached, opens the third check valve and leaves that compressed Gas isobar escaping into a pressure line. If this process is completed, ask the two 3-way valves the flow direction of the hydraulic fluid now so around, now out of the complete with hydraulic fluid filled first cylinder the hydraulic fluid is taken over the hydraulic pump flows and flows into the second cylinder.

The in the second cylinder previously flowed gas from the suction line is now in the second cylinder by the hydraulic fluid compressed. It concludes the second check valve at the suction line. When a desired pressure is reached again, it opens the first check valve on the second cylinder, leaving the compressed gas again isobar escape. At the same time, in the first cylinder, which removed the hydraulic fluid is the pressure until a fourth check valve opens on the suction line and Gas flows into the first cylinder.

Is the second cylinder completely Hy? filled draulikflüssigkeit, again set the two 3-way valves, the flow direction, so that now again the hydraulic fluid is removed from the second cylinder and flows into the first cylinder. This closes the cycle and a constant compression of a gas is guaranteed.

In an embodiment is at least one, preferably two cylinders of the device for Compressing a gas each associated with a heat exchanger. These embodiment allows an isothermal compression of the gas. The hydraulic fluid, which flows in from one cylinder into the other cylinder, happens the heat exchanger and is cooled down there. Subsequently will she over the nozzle in the Cylinder passed and sprayed there. In this way, the hydraulic fluid absorb the compression heat generated during the compression of the gas. It warms up the hydraulic fluid only slightly. The gas only absorbs the proportion of pressure energy and stores this. It absorbs only a small part of the heat of compression. After switching the flow direction the hydraulic fluid happens the hydraulic fluid on the way from one cylinder to the other cylinder again a heat exchanger, in that of the hydraulic fluid the compression heat is withdrawn again.

Process for relaxing a gas (Expander)

• – der erste adiabate Zylinder über ein erstes Ventil und ein erstes Dreiwegeventil mit einer ersten Leitung verbunden ist, aus der verdichtetes gasförmiges Arbeitsmittel in den erste adiabaten Zylinder strömen kann;
• – der erste adiabate Zylinder über ein zweites Ventil und ein zweites Dreiwegeventil mit einer zweiten Leitung verbunden ist, in die entspanntes gasförmiges Arbeitsmittel aus dem ersten adiabaten Zylinder strömen kann;
• – der zweite adiabate Zylinder über ein drittes Ventil und das erste Dreiwegeventil mit der ersten Leitung verbunden ist, aus der verdichtetes gasförmiges Arbeitsmittel in den zweiten adiabaten Zylinder strömen kann;
• – der zweite adiabate Zylinder über ein viertes Ventil und das zweite Dreiwegeventil mit der zweiten Leitung verbunden ist, in die entspanntes gasförmiges Arbeitsmittel in den zweiten adiabaten Zylinder strömen kann;
• – die Einrichtung zur Abfuhr von Energie ein Hydraulikmotor ist, die den Druck der Hydraulikflüssigkeit, der den Hydraulikmotor passiert, verringert; wobei
• – in dem ersten Zustand und dem zweiten Zustand das erste, zweite, dritte und vierte Ventil der beiden Zylinder geschlossen ist;
• – in dem ersten Schritt, in dem die Hydraulikflüssigkeit aus dem zweiten adiabaten Zylinder in den ersten adiabaten Zylinder geführt wird, (i) über das geöffnete dritte Ventil verdichtetes gasförmiges Arbeitsmittel aus der ersten Leitung in den zweiten adiabaten Zylinder strömt, so daß die Hydraulikflüssigkeit aus dem zweiten adiabaten Zylinder verdrängt wird und in den ersten adiabaten Zylinder strömt; und (ii) entspanntes gasförmiges Arbeitsmittel aus dem ersten adiabaten Zylinder über das geöffnete zweite Ventil in die zweite Leitung strömt;
• – in dem zweiten Schritt, in dem die Hydraulikflüssigkeit aus dem ersten adiabaten Zylinder in den zweiten adiabaten Zylinder geführt wird, (i) über das geöffnete erste Ventil verdichtetes gasförmiges Arbeitsmittel in den ersten adiabaten Zylinder strömt, so daß die Hydraulikflüssigkeit aus dem ersten adiabaten Zylinder verdrängt wird und in den zweiten adiabaten Zylinder strömt; und (ii) entspanntes gasförmiges Arbeitsmittel aus dem zweiten adiabaten Zylinder über das geöffnete vierte Ventil in die zweite Leitung strömt.

In one embodiment, the invention is directed to a method of expanding the gaseous working fluid, in which

• - The first adiabatic cylinder is connected via a first valve and a first three-way valve with a first line from which compressed gaseous working fluid can flow into the first adiabatic cylinder;
• - The first adiabatic cylinder is connected via a second valve and a second three-way valve to a second line, can flow into the relaxed gaseous working fluid from the first adiabatic cylinder;
• The second adiabatic cylinder is connected via a third valve and the first three-way valve is connected to the first line, from which compressed gaseous working fluid can flow into the second adiabatic cylinder;
• The second adiabatic cylinder is connected via a fourth valve and the second three-way valve is connected to the second line, into which relaxed gaseous working fluid can flow into the second adiabatic cylinder;
• The means for dissipating energy is a hydraulic motor which reduces the pressure of the hydraulic fluid passing through the hydraulic motor; in which
• - In the first state and the second state, the first, second, third and fourth valve of the two cylinders is closed;
• - In the first step, in which the hydraulic fluid from the second adiabatic cylinder is guided into the first adiabatic cylinder, (i) via the opened third valve compressed gaseous working fluid from the first conduit into the second adiabatic cylinder, so that the hydraulic fluid from is displaced from the second adiabatic cylinder and flows into the first adiabatic cylinder; and (ii) relaxed gaseous working fluid from the first adiabatic cylinder flows via the opened second valve into the second conduit;
• In the second step, in which the hydraulic fluid is conducted from the first adiabatic cylinder into the second adiabatic cylinder, i) compressed gaseous working medium via the opened first valve flows into the first adiabatic cylinder, so that the hydraulic fluid from the first adiabatic cylinder is displaced and flows into the second adiabatic cylinder; and (ii) relaxed gaseous working fluid from the second adiabatic cylinder flows via the opened fourth valve into the second conduit.

Conveniently, becomes the flow direction the hydraulic fluid over two Three-way valves intended in the hydraulic connection between the first adiabatic cylinder and the second adiabatic cylinder are arranged. The flow of the compressed gaseous Working fluid from the first line to the first adiabatic cylinder or to the second adiabatic cylinder is through the first three-way valve certainly. The flow of the relaxed gaseous Working fluid from the first adiabatic cylinder or the second adiabatic Cylinder into the second line is through the second three-way valve certainly. These four three-way valves are preferably synchronous switched so that the flow direction the hydraulic fluid and the supply of compressed working fluid and the removal of relaxed work equipment at the same time.

The First, second, third and fourth valves are expediently Check valves.

The Control of the first, second, third and fourth valves and the three-way valves can over a control unit.

Preferably is the second line, flows in the relaxed gaseous working fluid, over a Hydraulic pump connected to the first line in which the relaxed gaseous Working fluid is compressed, so that the gaseous working fluid in the circulation guided becomes.

The The invention is described below by means of embodiments which illustrate the invention do not restrict are explained in more detail with reference to the drawings. Show

1 a first embodiment of an inventive arrangement for compressing a gas;

2 a second embodiment of an inventive arrangement for expansion of a gas; and

3 A third embodiment of an inventive arrangement for the isothermal compression of a gas.

example 1

In the 1 shown arrangement for compressing a gas is a compressor of a heat pump with the refrigerant carbon dioxide (R744, CO ₂ ) and a hydraulic axial piston pump (manufactured by the company. Danfoss, DE), which uses water as hydraulic fluid (Hf). The first cylinder and the second cylinder have the same internal volume. Open or close the check valves if there is a pressure difference between the components between which they are installed. When flow changes, due to the two 3-way valves, the check valves close because the pressure difference collapses.

Condition before step 1a and 1b

Before steps 1a and 1b is the second cylinder 7 completely filled with water while the first cylinder 8th completely filled with CO ₂ . The check valves 3 . 4 . 5 and 6 are closed.

Step 1a

In a completely filled with CO ₂ first cylinder 8th Hydraulic fluid flows in and compresses the CO ₂ located there until a pressure of 95 bar builds up. The temperature of CO _{2 increases} from initially 30 ° C to 113 ° C. As soon as the pressure of 95 bar in the first cylinder 8th is reached, the third check valve (Rv) opens 6 and leaves the CO ₂ isobaric in the pressure line (D1) 1 escape, it builds a pressure of about 95 bar in the pressure line 1 on.

Step 1b

Simultaneously with step 1a becomes the second cylinder 7 The required hydraulic fluid is removed through the 3-way valve 9 directed and the hydraulic pump (Hp) 11 fed. The hydraulic pump 11 pumps the water to a pressure of 95 bar and leaves it via the 3-way valve 10 in the first cylinder 8th flow. The required electric power of 4.8 kW gets the hydraulic pump 11 from an electric motor 12 , During the removal of the hydraulic fluid, the pressure in the second cylinder decreases 7 to 37.7 bar. As soon as the pressure of 37.7 bar in the second cylinder 7 is reached, opens the second check valve 4 and leaves CO ₂ from the suction line (S1) 2 in the first cylinder 7 flow.

Condition after step 1a and 1b

After steps 1a and 1b, the second cylinder 7 completely filled with CO ₂ while the first cylinder 8th completely filled with water. The check valves 3 . 4 . 5 and 6 are closed.

Step 2a

In this state change now the two 3-way valves 9 and 10 the flow direction of the water; while closing the check valves 4 and 6 so that now the water from the first cylinder 8th via the 3-way valve 10 through the hydraulic pump 11 flows. In the hydraulic pump 11 the water experiences a pressure increase from 37.7 bar to 95 bar. Thereafter, the water is through the 3-way valve 9 in the second cylinder 7 conducts and compresses the CO ₂ from 37.7 to 95 bar, the CO _{2 changes} its temperature from 30 ° C to 113 ° C. As soon as the pressure of 95 bar in the second cylinder 7 is reached, the first check valve opens 3 and in turn leaves the CO ₂ isobaric in the pressure line 1 escape.

Step 2b

Simultaneously with step 2a falls in the first cylinder 8th however, the pressure. As soon as the pressure in the second cylinder reaches 37.7 bar, the fourth check valve opens 5 and leaves CO ₂ from the suction line 2 in the cylinder 8th flow. As soon as the second cylinder 7 completely filled with CO ₂ , change the two 3-way valves 9 and 10 the flow direction of the hydraulic fluid, so that now the water from the second cylinder 7 over the hydraulic pump 11 to the first cylinder 8th flows.

Condition after step 2a and 2b

After the steps 2a and 2b, the second cylinder 7 completely filled with water while the first cylinder 8th completely filled with CO ₂ . This state thus corresponds to the state before steps 1a and 1b. The check valves 3 . 4 . 5 and 6 are closed. This completes the cycle and ensures continued compression of CO ₂ .

Cooling and relaxation of CO ₂

That in steps 1a and 2a in pressure line 1 discharged, heated CO ₂ is in the pressure line 1 to a gas cooler 13 passed and cooled there in countercurrent flow with water to 32 ° C. The water heats up and absorbs about 21 kW from the CO ₂ . Subsequently, the water can be a consumer 17 (For example, a building heating) are provided.

After the CO ₂ in the gas cooler 13 21 kW of heat output, it is discharged from the pressure line 1 to the internal heat exchanger 14 directed. There it heats the CO ₂ from the suction line in countercurrent 2 , where the CO ₂ in the pressure line 1 from 32 ° C to 20.7 ° C cools. Subsequently, the CO ₂ passes in the pressure line 1 to the expansion valve 15 , By means of the expansion valve 15 is the CO ₂ in the pressure line 1 isenthalp from 95 bar to 37.7 bar relaxed in the two-phase area. The CO ₂ enters the suction line 2 ,

Evaporation and heating of CO ₂

In suction line 2 the CO ₂ becomes an evaporator 16 fed. This takes from a well 18 Water. With this water, the CO ₂ at 3 ° C, again in countercurrent principle, evaporated and superheated to 6 ° C, the CO ₂ 16.1 kW from the well water absorbs heat output.

After the CO ₂ completely in the evaporator 16 it evaporates, it is from the suction line 2 to the internal heat exchanger 14 and heated there from 6 ° C to 30 ° C and is then the hydraulic compressor available.

COPs

With this heat pump heat pump performance figures can be of 4.3 (21 kW / 4.8 kW = 4.3). This is in contrast to the prior art, which under the same conditions only achieved a figure of merit of about 3.5. Furthermore, it can be completely up the use of lubricating oil be waived.

Example 2

In the 2 shown arrangement for expansion of a gas is an expansion machine of an ORC process with the working fluid carbon dioxide and a hydraulic axial piston motor (manufacturer: Fa. Danfoss, DE), which uses water as the hydraulic fluid.

In the 2 shown arrangement substantially corresponds to in 1 shown arrangement, except that the check valves 103 . 104 . 105 and 106 on the cylinders 107 . 108 in comparison the check valves 3 . 4 . 5 and 6 on the cylinders 7 . 8th be exchanged in their flow direction and the hydraulic pump 11 by a hydraulic motor (Hm) 111 is replaced. In addition, the two 3-way valves still need to be installed 119 and 120 each in the lines 101 and 102 to be built in.

The Open check valves or just close if there is a pressure difference between the components between which they are installed. When flow changes, as a result of the two 3-way valves, close the check valves, because the pressure difference collapses.

Heating and compression of CO ₂

In a hydraulic pump 15 liquid CO _{2 is} compressed from 60 bar to 100 bar. The CO ₂ heats up from 19 ° C to 26 ° C and consumes 4.5 kW from the hydraulic pump 15 , which works with an efficiency of 95%.

Subsequently, the CO _{2 is} in line 101 to a heat exchanger 117 led and heated there in countercurrent of water to 60 ° C and evaporated. The CO ₂ removes 157 kW of heat from the water. The water comes from an industrial waste heat source 118 ,

Condition before step 1a and 1b

Before steps 1a and 1b is the second cylinder 7 completely filled with water while the first cylinder 8th completely filled with CO ₂ . The check valves 103 . 104 . 105 and 106 are closed.

Step 1a

From the heat exchanger 117 the CO ₂ comes in line 101 via the 3-way valve 20 and the open check valve 103 to the second cylinder 107 , The second cylinder 107 is almost completely filled with water. The now penetrating CO ₂ displaces the water with 100 bar. This water will now be via the 3-way valve 109 to the hydraulic motor 111 passed, there relaxed to 60 bar and the first cylinder 108 via the 3-way valve 110 directed (see step 1b). During decompression, there is the hydraulic motor 111 14.9 kW shaft power to the generator 112 from. The generator 112 then converts the shaft power into electrical power. 14.2 kW electrical power is provided to a consumer. The efficiency of the hydraulic motor 111 is 92% and the generator 95%.

Step 1b

Simultaneously with step 1a, this fills in the hydraulic motor 111 at 60 bar relaxed water the first cylinder 108 , The CO _{2 located there} is over the open check valve 105 and the three-way valve 119 Isobar at a pressure of 60 bar in the line 2 repressed.

Condition after step 1a and 1b

After steps 1a and 1b, the second cylinder 7 completely filled with CO ₂ while the first cylinder 8th almost completely filled with water. The check valves 103 . 104 . 105 and 106 are closed.

Step 2a

As soon as the first cylinder 108 is almost completely filled with water, change the 3-way valves 109 . 110 and 119 . 120 the flow directions, so that now the CO ₂ from line 101 over the three-way valve 120 and the open check valve 106 in the first cylinder 108 can flow in and now displaces the water there. The water is routed through the 3-way valves 109 and 110 and the hydraulic motor 111 to the second cylinder 107 arrives.

Step 2b

Simultaneously with step 2a fills that in the hydraulic motor 111 at 60 bar relaxed water the second cylinder 107 , The CO _{2 located there} is over the open check valve 104 and three-way valve 119 Isobar at a pressure of 60 bar in the line 2 verdängt.

Condition after step 2a and 2b

After the steps 2a and 2b, the second cylinder 7 almost completely filled with water while the first cylinder 8th almost completely filled with CO ₂ . The check valves 103 . 104 . 105 and 106 are closed. This state thus corresponds to the state before steps 1a and 1b. This completes the cycle and ensures continued relaxation of CO ₂ .

Cooling and liquefaction of CO ₂

Via wire 102 The CO ₂ now reaches the condenser at a pressure of 60 bar and a temperature of 23 ° C 13 , There it is cooled in countercurrent of cooling tower water to 19 ° C and liquefied. Subsequently, the now liquid CO ₂ returns to the hydraulic pump 15 ,

example 2 shows that a ORC process which with the inventive arrangement operated for the expansion of a gas, quite small and medium power range and relatively low temperatures with simple means technically and economically feasible.

Example 3

In the 3 shown arrangement for the isothermal compression of a gas corresponds to the in 1 shown embodiment, with the exception of two additional heat exchanger, by the hydraulic fluid 20 . 25 to cool down. Like reference numerals have the same meaning as in FIG 1 , Air is used as the gaseous working medium. The hydraulic fluid is water.

Condition before step 1a and 1b

Before steps 1a and 1b is the second cylinder 7 completely filled with the hydraulic fluid while the first cylinder 8th completely filled with air. The check valves 3 . 4 . 5 , and 6 are closed.

Step 1a

In a completely filled with air first cylinder 8th flows through a heat exchanger 25 (see step 1b) cooled hydraulic fluid through nozzle 27 and compresses the air there, until a first predetermined pressure builds up. The heat of compression is from the nozzle 27 sprayed hydraulic fluid was added. In this case, the hydraulic fluid heats up slightly, while the air only absorbs and stores the proportion of pressure energy and absorbs only a very small part of the heat of compression.

Once the first predetermined pressure in the first cylinder 8th is reached, the third check valve (Rv) opens 6 and leaves the air isobaric in the pressure line (D1) 1 escape, thereby the first predetermined pressure builds up in the pressure line 1 on.

Step 1b

Simultaneously with step 1a becomes the second cylinder 7 taken the required hydraulic fluid through the open check valve 22 and the 3-way valve 9 directed and the hydraulic pump (Hp) 11 fed. The hydraulic pump 11 pumps the hydraulic fluid to the first predetermined pressure and leaves it via the 3-way valve 10 and the open check valve 24 to heat exchanger 25 stream. This is a check valve 26 closed to allow direct entry of hydraulic fluid into the first cylinder 8th to prevent.

In heat exchanger 25 becomes the hydraulic fluid cooled with cooling tower water, which has a lower temperature than the hydraulic fluid, cooled in the counterflow principle. The water comes from a cooling tower 21 , After cooling the hydraulic fluid in the heat exchanger 25 it flows over the nozzle 27 in the first cylinder 8th on (see step 1a).

During the removal of the hydraulic fluid, the pressure in the second cylinder decreases 7 to the second predetermined pressure, which is lower than the first predetermined pressure. As soon as the second predetermined pressure in the second cylinder 7 is reached, opens the second check valve 4 and lets air out of the suction line (S1) 2 in the first cylinder 7 flow.

Condition after step 1a and 1b

After steps 1a and 1b, the second cylinder 7 completely filled with air while the first cylinder 8th completely filled with hydraulic fluid. The check valves 3 . 4 . 5 , and 6 are closed.

Step 2a

In this state change now the two 3-way valves 9 and 10 the flow direction of the water; while closing the check valves 4 . 6 . 22 and 24 so that now the hydraulic fluid from the first cylinder 8th over the open check valve 26 and the 3-way valve 10 through the hydraulic pump 11 flows. The closed check valve 22 prevents direct penetration of the hydraulic fluid into the second cylinder 7 , In the hydraulic pump 11 the hydraulic fluid experiences an increase in pressure from the second predetermined pressure to the first predetermined pressure. Thereafter, the hydraulic fluid via the 3-way valve 9 and the open check valve 19 to heat exchanger 21 guided.

In heat exchanger 21 The hydraulic fluid is cooled with cooling tower water, which has a lower temperature than the hydraulic fluid, in countercurrent principle. The water comes from a cooling tower 21 , After cooling the hydraulic fluid in the heat exchanger 21 it flows over the nozzle 23 in the second cylinder 7 and there compresses the air from the second predetermined pressure to the first predetermined pressure. Once the first predetermined pressure in the second cylinder 7 is reached, the first check valve opens 3 and in turn leaves the air isobaric in the pressure line 1 escape.

The heat of compression is from the nozzle 23 sprayed hydraulic fluid was added. In this case, the hydraulic fluid heats up slightly, while the air only absorbs and stores the proportion of pressure energy and absorbs only a very small part of the heat of compression.

Step 2b

Simultaneously with step 2a falls in the first cylinder 8th however, the pressure. As soon as the pressure in the second cylinder has reached the second predetermined pressure, the fourth check valve opens 5 and lets air out of the suction line 2 in the cylinder 8th flow. As soon as the second cylinder 7 completely filled with air, change the two 3-way valves 9 and 10 the flow direction of the hydraulic fluid, so that now the hydraulic fluid from the second cylinder 7 over the hydraulic pump 11 and the heat exchanger 21 to the first cylinder 8th flows and in these over nozzle 27 is initiated.

Condition after step 2a and 2b

After the steps 2a and 2b, the second cylinder 7 completely filled with hydraulic fluid while the first cylinder 8th completely filled with air. This state thus corresponds to the state before steps 1a and 1b. The check valves 3 . 4 . 5 and 6 are closed. This closes the cycle and ensures continuous compression of the air while dissipating heat of compression.

Other components of the third embodiment the invention

The remaining ingredients and process steps are described in the sections "Cooling and Relaxation of CO ₂ " and "Evaporation and Heating of CO ₂ " of Example 1 and in 3 described, wherein in Example 3 air instead of CO _{2 is used} by as a gaseous working fluid. Alternatively, to the pressure line 1 a storage vessel for example for air (compressed air) are attached. The suction line would then extract the intake air from the atmosphere. The waste heat source 21 (Cooling source) could be a storage vessel for water, in which the liquid required for the cooling of the hydraulic fluid is stored. In addition, other waste heat sources or solar collectors could be connected to it, which further heat the contents of the storage vessel at standstill. This heat can be returned later, if required, the stored air through heat exchangers again, which can then be relaxed by a force process, for example, the relaxation process described and converted to a very high efficiency greater than 80% (taking into account the free waste heat source) into electrical or mechanical energy ,

1

pressure line

2

suction

3

first check valve

4

second check valve

5

fourth check valve

6

third check valve

7

second cylinder

8th

first cylinder

9

3-way valve

10

3-way valve

11

hydraulic pump

12

electric motor

13

gas cooler

14

internal Heat exchanger

15

expansion valve

16

Evaporator

17

consumer

18

Fountain

19

check valve

20

heat exchangers

21

waste heat source

22

check valve

23

Nozzle in the second cylinder 7

24

check valve

25

heat exchangers

26

check valve

27

Nozzle in the second cylinder 8th

101

first management

102

second management

103

first check valve

104

second check valve

105

fourth check valve

106

third check valve

107

second cylinder

108

first cylinder

109

3-way valve

110

3-way valve

111

hydraulic motor

112

generator

113

capacitor

114

Cooling tower

115

hydraulic pump

116

electric motor

117

heat exchangers

118

waste heat source

119

second 3-way valve

120

first 3-way valve

Claims (14)

Device for the compression or expansion of a gaseous working fluid by means of a hydraulic fluid, comprising a first adiabatic cylinder ( 8th . 108 ) and a second adiabatic cylinder ( 7 . 107 ), with the first cylinder ( 8th . 108 ) via a supply device ( 11 ) or removal ( 111 ) is hydraulically connected, wherein (a) in a first state the gaseous working fluid in the first adiabatic cylinder ( 8th . 108 ) and the hydraulic fluid in the second adiabatic cylinder ( 7 . 107 ) is located; (b) in a first step, the hydraulic fluid from the second adiabatic cylinder ( 7 . 107 ) in the first adiabatic cylinder ( 8th . 108 ), wherein the hydraulic fluid is the means for supplying ( 11 ) or removal ( 111 ) of energy passes; (c) in a second state, the gaseous working fluid in the second adiabatic cylinder ( 7 . 107 ) and the hydraulic fluid in the first adiabatic cylinder ( 8th . 108 ) is located; (d) in a second step, the hydraulic fluid from the first adiabatic cylinder ( 8th . 108 ) into the second adiabatic cylinder ( 7 . 107 ), wherein the hydraulic fluid is the means for supplying ( 11 ) or removal ( 111 ) of energy passes; and (e) repeatedly executing the first step (b) upon reaching the second state and then the second step (d) upon reaching the first state. Apparatus according to claim 1 for compressing the gaseous working fluid, characterized in that - the first adiabatic cylinder ( 8th ) via a first valve ( 3 ) with a first line ( 1 ) into the compressed gaseous working fluid from the first adiabatic cylinder ( 8th ) can flow; - the first adiabatic cylinder ( 8th ) via a second valve ( 4 ) with a second line ( 2 ) from the relaxed gaseous working fluid into the first adiabatic cylinder ( 8th ) can flow; The second adiabatic cylinder ( 7 ) via a third valve ( 6 ) with the first line ( 1 ) in the compressed gaseous working fluid from the second adiabatic cylinder ( 7 ) can flow; The second adiabatic cylinder ( 7 ) via a fourth valve ( 5 ) with the second line ( 2 ), from the relaxed gaseous working fluid into the second adiabatic cylinder ( 7 ) can flow; - the device for feeding ( 11 ) of energy a hydraulic pump ( 11 ), which is the pressure of the hydraulic fluid which is the hydraulic pump ( 11 ) happens, increased; wherein - in the first state and the second state, the valves ( 3 . 4 . 5 . 6 ) of the two cylinders ( 7 . 8th ) are closed; In the first step, in which the hydraulic fluid from the second adiabatic cylinder ( 7 ) in the first adiabatic cylinder ( 8th ), (i) the gaseous working fluid in the first adiabatic cylinder ( 8th ) is compressed to a pre-defined pressure, wherein, as soon as the gaseous working fluid has reached the predetermined pressure, the first valve ( 3 ) opens, so that the compressed gaseous working fluid isobaric in the first line ( 1 ) flows; and (ii) the pressure in the second adiabatic cylinder ( 7 ) decreases to a predetermined value, whereby, so soon the given pressure in the second adiabatic cylinder ( 7 ), the fourth valve ( 5 ) opens, so that relaxed gaseous working fluid in the second adiabatic cylinder ( 7 ) flows; and - in the second step, in which the hydraulic fluid from the first adiabatic cylinder ( 8th ) into the second adiabatic cylinder ( 7 ), (i) the gaseous working fluid in the second adiabatic cylinder ( 7 ) is compressed to a predetermined pressure, wherein, once the gaseous working fluid has reached the predetermined pressure, the third valve ( 6 ) opens, so that the compressed gaseous working fluid isobaric in the first line ( 1 ) flows; and (ii) the pressure in the first adiabatic cylinder ( 8th ) decreases to a predetermined value, whereby, as soon as the predetermined pressure in the first adiabatic cylinder ( 8th ), the second valve ( 4 ) opens, so that relaxed gaseous working fluid in the first adiabatic cylinder ( 8th ) flows. Apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that the flow direction of the hydraulic fluid via three-way valves ( 9 . 10 ) in the hydraulic connection between the first adiabatic cylinder ( 8th ) and the second adiabatic cylinder ( 7 ) are arranged. Device according to Claim 2 or Claim 3, characterized in that the first line ( 1 ), in which compressed gaseous working fluid flows, via an expansion valve ( 15 ) with the second line ( 2 ), in which the compressed gaseous working fluid is released. Apparatus according to claim 1 for relaxing the gaseous working fluid, characterized in that - the first adiabatic cylinder ( 108 ) via a first valve ( 103 ) and a three-way valve ( 120 ) with a first line ( 101 ) from the compressed gaseous working fluid into the first adiabatic cylinder ( 108 ) can flow; - the first adiabatic cylinder ( 108 ) via a second valve ( 104 ) and a three-way valve ( 119 ) with a second line ( 102 ) in the relaxed gaseous working fluid from the first adiabatic cylinder ( 108 ) can flow; The second adiabatic cylinder ( 107 ) via a third valve ( 106 ) and the three-way valve ( 120 ) with the first line ( 101 ) from the compressed gaseous working fluid into the second adiabatic cylinder ( 107 ) can flow; The second adiabatic cylinder ( 107 ) via a fourth valve ( 105 ) and the three-way valve ( 119 ) with the second line ( 102 ) into the relaxed gaseous working fluid into the second adiabatic cylinder ( 107 ) can flow; - the means of removal ( 111 ) of energy a hydraulic motor ( 111 ) is the pressure of the hydraulic fluid, the hydraulic motor ( 111 ) happens, decreases; wherein - in the first state and the second state, the valves ( 103 . 104 . 105 . 106 ) of the two cylinders ( 107 . 108 ) are closed; In the first step, in which the hydraulic fluid from the second adiabatic cylinder ( 107 ) in the first adiabatic cylinder ( 108 ), (i) via the opened third valve ( 106 ) compressed gaseous working fluid from the first conduit ( 1 ) into the second adiabatic cylinder ( 107 ) flows, so that the hydraulic fluid from the second adiabatic cylinder ( 107 ) and in the first adiabatic cylinder ( 108 ) flows; and (ii) relaxed gaseous working fluid from the first adiabatic cylinder ( 108 ) via the opened second valve ( 104 ) into the second line ( 2 ) flows; In the second step, in which the hydraulic fluid from the first adiabatic cylinder ( 108 ) into the second adiabatic cylinder ( 107 ), (i) via the opened first valve ( 103 ) compressed gaseous working fluid into the first adiabatic cylinder ( 108 ) flows, so that the hydraulic fluid from the first adiabatic cylinder ( 108 ) and into the second adiabatic cylinder ( 107 ) flows; and (ii) relaxed gaseous working fluid from the second adiabatic cylinder ( 107 ) over the opened fourth valve ( 105 ) into the second line ( 2 ) flows. Apparatus according to claim 5, characterized in that the flow direction of the hydraulic fluid via three-way valves ( 9 . 10 ) in the hydraulic connection between the first adiabatic cylinder ( 8th ) and the second adiabatic cylinder ( 7 ) are arranged. Apparatus according to claim 4 or claim 5, characterized in that - the flow of the compressed gaseous working fluid from the first conduit ( 101 ) to the first adiabatic cylinder ( 108 ) or to the second adiabatic cylinder ( 107 ) through the three-way valve 20 is determined; The flow of the expanded gaseous working fluid from the first adiabatic cylinder ( 108 ) or the second adiabatic cylinder ( 107 ) into the second line ( 102 ) through the three-way valve 19 is determined. Method for compressing or relaxing a gaseous working fluid by means of a hydraulic fluid in a device comprising a first adiabatic cylinder ( 8th . 108 ) and a second adiabatic cylinder ( 7 . 107 ), with the first cylinder ( 8th . 108 ) via a supply device ( 11 ) or removal ( 111 ) is hydraulically connected, wherein (a) in a first state the gaseous working fluid in the first adiabatic cylinder ( 8th . 108 ) is located and the hydraulic fluid in the second adiabatic cylinder ( 7 . 107 ) is located; (b) in a first step, the hydraulic fluid from the second adiabatic cylinder ( 7 . 107 ) in the first adiabatic cylinder ( 8th . 108 ), wherein the hydraulic fluid is the means for supplying ( 11 ) or removal ( 111 ) of energy passes; (c) in a second state, the gaseous working fluid in the second adiabatic cylinder ( 7 . 107 ) and the hydraulic fluid in the first adiabatic cylinder ( 8th . 108 ) is located; (d) in a second step, the hydraulic fluid from the first adiabatic cylinder ( 8th . 108 ) into the second adiabatic cylinder ( 7 . 107 ), wherein the hydraulic fluid is the means for supplying ( 11 ) or removal ( 111 ) of energy passes; and (e) repeatedly executing the first step (b) upon reaching the second state and then the second step (d) upon reaching the first state. Method according to claim 8 for compressing the gaseous working medium, characterized in that - the first adiabatic cylinder ( 8th ) via a first valve ( 3 ) with a first line ( 1 ) into the compressed gaseous working fluid from the first adiabatic cylinder ( 8th ) can flow; - the first adiabatic cylinder ( 8th ) via a second valve ( 4 ) with a second line ( 2 ) from the relaxed gaseous working fluid into the first adiabatic cylinder ( 8th ) can flow; The second adiabatic cylinder ( 7 ) via a third valve ( 6 ) with the first line ( 1 ) in the compressed gaseous working fluid from the second adiabatic cylinder ( 7 ) can flow; The second adiabatic cylinder ( 7 ) via a fourth valve ( 5 ) with the second line ( 2 ), from the relaxed gaseous working fluid into the second adiabatic cylinder ( 7 ) can flow; - the device for feeding ( 11 ) of energy a hydraulic pump ( 11 ), which is the pressure of the hydraulic fluid which is the hydraulic pump ( 11 ) happens, increased; wherein - in the first state and the second state, the valves ( 3 . 4 . 5 . 6 ) of the two cylinders ( 7 . 8th ) are closed; In the first step, in which the hydraulic fluid from the second adiabatic cylinder ( 7 ) in the first adiabatic cylinder ( 8th ), (i) the gaseous working fluid in the first adiabatic cylinder ( 8th ) is compressed to a predetermined pressure, wherein, once the gaseous working fluid has reached the predetermined pressure, the first valve ( 3 ) opens, so that the compressed gaseous working fluid isobaric in the first line ( 1 ) flows; and (ii) the pressure in the second adiabatic cylinder ( 7 ) decreases to a predetermined value, whereby, as soon as the predetermined pressure in the second adiabatic cylinder ( 7 ), the fourth valve ( 5 ) opens, so that relaxed gaseous working fluid in the second adiabatic cylinder ( 7 ) flows; and - in the second step, in which the hydraulic fluid from the first adiabatic cylinder ( 8th ) into the second adiabatic cylinder ( 7 ), (i) the gaseous working fluid in the second adiabatic cylinder ( 7 ) is compressed to a predetermined pressure, wherein, once the gaseous working fluid has reached the predetermined pressure, the third valve ( 6 ) opens, so that the compressed gaseous working fluid isobaric in the first line ( 1 ) flows; and (ii) the pressure in the first adiabatic cylinder ( 8th ) decreases to a predetermined value, whereby, as soon as the predetermined pressure in the first adiabatic cylinder ( 8th ), the second valve ( 4 ) opens, so that relaxed gaseous working fluid in the first adiabatic cylinder ( 8th ) flows. A method according to claim 9, characterized in that the flow direction of the hydraulic fluid via three-way valves ( 9 . 10 ) in the hydraulic connection between the first adiabatic cylinder ( 8th ) and the second adiabatic cylinder ( 7 ) are arranged. Method according to Claim 9 or Claim 10, characterized in that the first line ( 1 ), in which compressed gaseous working fluid flows, via an expansion valve with the second line ( 2 ), in which the compressed gaseous working fluid is released. Method according to claim 8 for relaxing the gaseous working medium, characterized in that - the first adiabatic cylinder ( 108 ) via a first valve ( 103 ) and a three-way valve ( 120 ) with a first line ( 101 ) from the compressed gaseous working fluid into the first adiabatic cylinder ( 108 ) can flow; - the first adiabatic cylinder ( 108 ) via a second valve ( 104 ) and a three-way valve ( 119 ) with a second line ( 102 ) in the relaxed gaseous working fluid from the first adiabatic cylinder ( 108 ) can flow; The second adiabatic cylinder ( 107 ) via a third valve ( 106 ) and the three-way valve ( 120 ) with the first line ( 101 ) from the compressed gaseous working fluid into the second adiabatic cylinder ( 107 ) can flow; The second adiabatic cylinder ( 107 ) via a fourth valve ( 105 ) and the three-way valve ( 119 ) with the second line ( 102 ) into the relaxed gaseous working fluid into the second adiabatic cylinder ( 107 ) can flow; - the means of removal ( 111 ) of energy a hydraulic motor ( 111 ) is the pressure of the hydraulic fluid, the hydraulic motor ( 111 ) happens, decreases; in which In the first state and the second state, the valves ( 103 . 104 . 105 . 106 ) of the two cylinders ( 107 . 108 ) are closed; In the first step, in which the hydraulic fluid from the second adiabatic cylinder ( 107 ) in the first adiabatic cylinder ( 108 ), (i) via the opened third valve ( 106 ) compressed gaseous working fluid from the first conduit ( 1 ) into the second adiabatic cylinder ( 107 ) flows, so that the hydraulic fluid from the second adiabatic cylinder ( 107 ) and in the first adiabatic cylinder ( 108 ) flows; and (ii) relaxed gaseous working fluid from the first adiabatic cylinder ( 108 ) via the opened second valve ( 104 ) into the second line ( 2 ) flows; In the second step, in which the hydraulic fluid from the first adiabatic cylinder ( 108 ) into the second adiabatic cylinder ( 107 ), (i) via the opened first valve ( 103 ) compressed gaseous working fluid into the first adiabatic cylinder ( 108 ) flows, so that the hydraulic fluid from the first adiabatic cylinder ( 108 ) and into the second adiabatic cylinder ( 107 ) flows; and (ii) relaxed gaseous working fluid from the second adiabatic cylinder ( 107 ) over the opened fourth valve ( 105 ) into the second line ( 2 ) flows. A method according to claim 12, characterized in that the flow direction of the hydraulic fluid via three-way valves ( 9 . 10 ) in the hydraulic connection between the first adiabatic cylinder ( 8th ) and the second adiabatic cylinder ( 7 ) are arranged. A method according to claim 12 or claim 13, characterized in that - the flow of the compressed gaseous working fluid from the first conduit ( 101 ) to the first adiabatic cylinder ( 108 ) or to the second adiabatic cylinder ( 107 ) through the three-way valve 20 is determined; The flow of the expanded gaseous working fluid from the first adiabatic cylinder ( 108 ) or the second adiabatic cylinder ( 107 ) into the second line ( 102 ) through the three-way valve 19 is determined.