DE102008064225A1 - Electrical heater for use in e.g. fluid guiding device in car to heat e.g. heatable object, has laminar supports, electrical heating resistors and heating resistor sections, where heater is laminarly and three-dimensionally formed - Google Patents

Abstract

The heater (1) has two laminar supports (10) and/or laminar support sections (10'), two electrical heating resistors (12, 13), and two heating resistor sections (12', 13'), where the heater is laminarly and three-dimensionally formed. The support is partially arranged between the heating resistors and/or the heating resistor sections. The supports and/or the support sections are arranged on top of each other with respect to an object to be heated. Recesses (26) are formed in the laminar supports. An independent claim is also included for a method for operating a heater.

Description

Background of the invention

One The subject of the present invention is a heating device according to the preamble of claim 1.

State of the art

It are electric surface heating elements known in which a plurality of heating resistors between two contact conductors laid parallel to heat a rectangular area. Areas of the rectangular shape or larger or many perforations are with this construction only with larger concessions heated to heating power or manufacturing costs.

It are still surface heating elements known in which a heating element laid in a surface and at its ends connected to a voltage source. There are use cases with so narrow or three-dimensionally shaped surfaces that the heating conductors according to the state The technology can not be installed properly or required area performance can not afford without exceeding critical temperature values.

Subject of the invention

In front This background is a technical concept with the characteristics proposed by claim 1. Further advantageous embodiments are the further claims and the following description.

characters

in the Details of the invention will be explained below. These designs the invention should be understood do. However, they have only exemplary character. Of course, let in the context of the invention, one or more described Also omit, modify or supplement features. Also, the Features of different embodiments of course with each other be combined. It is crucial that the concept of the invention is essentially implemented. If a feature at least partially to fulfill is, so close this is that this feature is also fully or substantially fulfilled Completely Fulfills is. "In the Essence "means In particular, that the implementation of an achievement of the desired Benefits to a noticeable extent. This may in particular mean that a corresponding feature to at least 50%, 90%, 95% or 99%. Is a minimum amount stated, so of course Also more than this minimum amount can be used. Unless nothing another is stated Interval their edge points with.

1 shows a vehicle with multiple heaters.

2 shows a first heater in plan view.

3 shows a second heater in plan view.

4a ) to c) show three switching stages of the heaters of 2 and 3 ,

5 shows an object to be heated, in the form of a fluid line device 50 and a preformed heater in transverse and longitudinal section.

Description of the invention

1 shows a vehicle 1000 , its seat, steering wheel, battery, air intake, door trim, dashboard or other objects to be heated 100 with a heater 1 to 2 or 3 is provided. Such heaters can also be used in particular for seat heaters, heaters for housing parts and for heating interiors, small surfaces with higher power, surfaces with very high power density, three-dimensionally shaped surfaces and / or fluid line devices. At least one fluid conduit means is preferably a tube (eg, for routing fuel, cleaning fluid, fresh air, chocolate, or oil), a manifold, a valve, or a fan or turbine housing.

A heater 1 preferably has at least one carrier 10 on. At least one carrier 10 is preferably formed at least flat, z. By surface is meant in particular a substantially two-dimensionally extending body, which may be flat or curved and pierced through or through openings. At least one carrier is preferably at least partially well-permeable to heat radiation and / or good thermal conductivity. For this purpose, it can be provided that it has a multiplicity of recesses, mesh openings, pores or the like, eg. As perforated film, wide-mesh knit, open-cell foam and / or large-pored nonwoven. It may also be expedient to make the thickness of a carrier or its possible partial layers thinner than 1 mm, preferably thinner than 0.1 mm. Preferably, a carrier has 10 at least portions of polyamide, polyurethane or other polymer.

Such a carrier 10 can indentations 24 its edges and / or recesses 26 have to meet the given geometry at the installation. A heater 1 preferably has at least one first heating resistor 12 . 13 and / or at least one heating resistor section 12 ' . 13 ' on. At least one heating resistor 12 or Heizwiderstandsabschnitt 12 ' is preferably designed as a flexible conductor strand. It is preferably at least partially made of a metal, in particular steel, copper, nickel or an alloy. At least one heating resistor 12 or Heizwiderstandsabschnitt 12 ' is preferably made at least partially multifilament, z. B. by a copper wire. It is preferably with at least one end contact 15 provided with a voltage source and / or an end contact 15 ' another heating resistor 12 . 13 / Heizwiderstandsabschnittes 12 ' . 13 ' is electrically connected. At least one heating resistor 12 or Heizwiderstandsabschnitt 12 ' is preferably by sewing, gluing o. Ä. At least one carrier 10 attached.

A heater 1 preferably has at least one further heating resistor 13 or heating resistor section 13 ' on. At least one such additional heating resistor 13 / heating resistor 13 ' is preferably substantially similar in shape and material to a first heating resistor 12 / heating resistor 12 ' executed. He is preferably on the same carrier 10 arranged or fixed, on which also the first heating resistor 12 / heating resistor 12 ' is arranged. However, they are on opposite sides / surfaces of the carrier 10 positioned. The second heating resistor section 13 ' can be from the same heating resistor 13 be formed as the first Heizwiderstandsabschnitt. However, these are preferably two separate heating resistors 12 . 13 ,

At least one such additional heating resistor 13 / heating resistor 13 ' is preferably at one of the carrier 10 different subcarriers 11 fixed / disposed. This is preferably designed in the same way as a carrier 10 , Preferably, at least two heating resistors 12 . 13 / heating resistor 12 ' . 13 ' a similar laying pattern. Preferably, the patterns of the heating resistors 12 . 13 / heating resistor 12 ' . 13 ' arranged offset to each other while the carrier 10 congruent or attached to each other at certain fixing points. This results in a uniform heat distribution, a safe positioning of the heating resistors 12 . 13 and a suitable height by avoiding several thick heating resistors 12 . 13 one above the other.

Usually have at least two heating resistors 12 . 13 / heating resistor 12 ' . 13 ' the same or a similar large area performance. But it can also be provided that at least two heating resistors 12 . 13 / heating resistor 12 ' . 13 ' have a different area performance. This is z. B. expedient to realize different tempered areas or heating stages.

At least one heating resistor 12 . 13 / heating resistor 12 ' . 13 ' preferably heats substantially the entire base of the heater 1 , At least one heating resistor 12 . 13 / heating resistor 12 ' . 13 ' preferably heats only a portion of the base of the heating device 1 , Heat at least two heating resistors 12 . 13 / heating resistor 12 ' . 13 ' the entire base area, this allows a full-surface multi-level heating of the base area.

A heater 1 preferably has at least one outer insulation 22 on. This is preferably designed as an insulating layer and on the side facing away from the object to be heated of the heater 1 arranged. This ensures that the electrical heating power is also delivered predominantly in the direction of the object to be heated. This is the external insulation 22 preferably more thermally insulating than the surface of the heated object, ie z. B. the housing.

A heater 1 preferably has at least one fastening device 40 on. Preferably, at least one fastening device 40 , Parts thereof or a device to be heated 100 guide pins 28 , Ribs or webs for positioning the heater 1 on a device to be heated 100 on.

Preferably, at least one fastening device 40 , Parts thereof or a device to be heated 100 Glue for fixing the heater 1 at the device to be heated 100 on.

Preferably, at least one fastening device 40 , Parts thereof or a device to be heated 100 Recesses for passing guide pins 28 or similar fasteners on and / or clamps or clips on to the heater 1 detachable on a device to be heated 100 to fix.

Preferably, at least one fastening device 40 , Parts thereof or a device to be heated 100 fusible or plastically deformable projections, pins 28 ' or the like on to the heater 1 after being positioned by means of suitable recesses in the heating device 1 or the Einrich to be heated tung 100 to fix. For this purpose, a permanent deformation of the tips of the pins or projections (for example, to mushroom heads) is made to z. B. to achieve by thickening no longer fit through the recess shape.

• Heizstufe a): In der stärksten Stufe gemäß 4a) liegen zwei Heizwiderstände 12, 13 bzw. Heizwiderstandsabschnitte 12', 13' elektrisch parallel an der Betriebsspannung an. Somit heizen hier beide Heizwiderstände 12, 13 bzw. Heizwiderstandsabschnitte 12', 13' mit maximaler Leistung.
• Heizstufe b): In einer mittleren Heizstufe mit gegenüber a) halbierter Heizleistung liegt nur einer der Heizwiderstände 12, 13 bzw. Heizwiderstandsabschnitte 12', 13' an der Betriebsspannung an. Hier wird somit mit der halben Leistung von a) geheizt.
• Heizstufe c): In der Schaltung von 4 c) sind die Heizwiderstände 12, 13 bzw. Heizwiderstandsabschnitte 12', 13' elektrisch in Reihe geschaltet. Somit liegt hier wegen der halbierten Spannung je Heizwiderstand 12, 13 bzw. Heizwiderstandsabschnitt 12', 13' die niedrigste Heizleistung vor (ein Viertel von a)).

Preferably, the heating power of the heater 1 changeable, preferably switchable. This can be z. B. by voltage change and / or resistance change of heating resistors 12 . 13 happen. Is a heater 1 with several heating resistors 12 . 13 or Heizwiderstandsabschnitten 12 ' . 13 ' according to 2 Switchable, this allows the realization of three different heating levels.

• Heating level a): in the strongest stage according to 4a ) are two heating resistors 12 . 13 or Heizwiderstandsabschnitte 12 ' . 13 ' electrically parallel to the operating voltage. Thus both heating resistors heat up here 12 . 13 or Heizwiderstandsabschnitte 12 ' . 13 ' with maximum power.
• Heating stage b): In a medium heating stage with a) compared to a) halved heating power is only one of the heating resistors 12 . 13 or Heizwiderstandsabschnitte 12 ' . 13 ' at the operating voltage. Here is thus heated with half the power of a).
• Heating level c): In the circuit of 4 c) are the heating resistors 12 . 13 or Heizwiderstandsabschnitte 12 ' . 13 ' electrically connected in series. Thus, here lies because of the halved voltage per heating resistor 12 . 13 or Heizwiderstandsabschnitt 12 ' . 13 ' the lowest heating power before (a quarter of a)).

Preferably, the temperature of the heater remains 1 below 100 ° C, so as not to endanger the stability of the plastics of the components involved.

Preferably, a heating device 1 three-dimensionally preformed. By this is meant that in their (planar) base only sections of the heater 1 or that other sections of the heater are spaced from its base. Advantageously, it rests flush with a surface to be heated everywhere. So it is wrinkle-free, even into depressions, which ensures optimal heat transfer. In addition, easy installation is possible because the heater 1 can be used / plugged into their operating position, instead of spreading and smoothing. A three-dimensionally preformed flat heating device 1 is z. Example, characterized in that it comprises a thermoformed film, a molded non-woven, molded foam elements and / or glued stiffening elements.

1

heater

10

carrier

10 '

support section

11

subcarrier

12 13

heating resistor

12 ', 13'

heating resistor

15 15 '

end contact

22

exterior insulation

24

indentations

26

recesses

28 28 '

guide pins

30

control device

40

fastening device

50

Fluid conduit means

100

To heated facility

1000

vehicle

Claims (9)

Electric heater ( 1 ), characterized in that the heating device 1 at least one electrical heating resistor ( 12 . 13 ) having. Heating device ( 1 ) according to claim 1, characterized in that the heating device ( 1 ) is at least partially flat and preformed three-dimensional. Heating device ( 1 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the heating device ( 1 ) at least one substantially flat carrier ( 10 ), that the heating device ( 1 ) at least two heating resistors ( 12 . 13 ) and / or at least two heating resistor sections ( 12 ' . 13 ' ) and that the carrier ( 10 ) at least partially between at least one heating resistor ( 12 . 13 ) / Heizwiderstandsabschnitt ( 12 ' . 13 ' ) and at least one further heating resistor ( 12 . 13 ) / Heizwiderstandsabschnitt ( 12 ' . 13 ' ) is arranged. Heating device ( 1 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the heating device ( 1 ) at least two at least partially flat carrier ( 10 ) and / or at least two at least partially planar support sections ( 10 ' ) and that at least two carriers ( 10 ) and / or at least support sections ( 10 ' ) with respect to an object to be heated ( 100 ) are at least partially arranged one above the other. Heating device ( 1 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one control device ( 30 ), and that the control device ( 30 ) at least two heating resistor ( 12 . 13 ) / Heating resistor sections ( 12 ' . 13 ' ) can be connected in series one behind the other and / or in parallel with one another with the same voltage, and / or that the two heating resistors ( 12 . 13 ) / Heating resistor sections ( 12 ' . 13 ' ) are independently operable or switchable independently. Method for operating a heating device ( 1 ) with one or more heating resistors ( 12 . 13 ) / Heizwiderstandsabschnitten ( 12 ' . 13 ' ), characterized in that the two heating resistors ( 12 . 13 ) / Heating resistor sections ( 12 ' . 13 ' ) are simultaneously acted upon in an operating stage with electric current and are electrically connected in parallel to each other, that the two heating resistors ( 12 . 13 ) / Heating resistor sections ( 12 ' . 13 ' ) are simultaneously acted upon in an operating stage with electric current and are electrically connected in series one behind the other, and / or that in an operating stage of at least one of the heating resistors ( 12 . 13 ) / Heating resistor sections ( 12 ' . 13 ' ) is turned off while at least one other is energized. Fluid line device ( 50 ), characterized in that it is provided with at least one heating device ( 1 ) is configured according to one of the preceding claims. Heated object, preferably vehicle device ( 100 ), characterized in that it is provided with at least one heating device ( 1 ) and / or a fluid line device ( 50 ) is equipped according to one of the preceding claims. Vehicle, characterized in that it is equipped with at least one heating device ( 1 ) and / or at least one heatable article according to one of the preceding claims.