DE102008057579A1 - Cleaning native fats and/or raw vegetable oils, comprises guiding native fats and/or raw vegetable oils to be cleaned to strong acid cation exchanger, and heating fats and/or raw vegetable oils to be cleaned and/or acid cation exchanger - Google Patents

Abstract

The method comprises guiding native fats and/or raw vegetable oils (10) to be cleaned to a strong acid cation exchanger (12), heating the native fats and/or raw vegetable oils to be cleaned and/or the strong acid cation exchanger, and cleaning the fats and/or raw vegetable oils in two-stages, where the electrical conductivity and/or permittivity of the cleaned fats and/or raw vegetable oils are measured after each cleaning stage The fats and/or raw vegetable oils are initially guided through a heat exchanger and then heated, cleaned and subsequently guided again through the heat exchanger. An independent claim is included for a plant for cleaning native fats and/or raw vegetable oils.

Description

The The invention relates to a method and a plant for the purification of native fats and / or oils, preferably crude vegetable oils, for use as fuel in internal combustion engines.

fats and / or oils, preferably vegetable oils, can as fuel for Combustion engines, preferably for diesel engines, are used. For this Application need these fats and / or oils meet certain purity requirements.

Become in particular vegetable oils used for example as fuel for mobile purposes in Germany, the corresponding requirements are thus set by law, that the tax concerns are taken into account.

Conditions, which are met when used as fuel for mobile purposes need to go generally over the purely technically necessary addition.

• • Reinheit bezüglich mechanischer Verunreinigungen
• • Gehalt an freien Fettsäuren
• • Wassergehalt
• • Gehalt an Erdalkalien
• • Phosphorgehalt.

The essential criteria from a purely technical point of view are requirements

• • purity with regard to mechanical impurities
• • Free fatty acid content
• • water content
• • content of alkaline earths
• • Phosphorus content.

Natives Fat and / or oil, preferably crude unrefined vegetable oil, is often cheaper and thus interesting as fuel where there are no legal requirements speak against its use.

Of the Invention is based on the object, a simple device and a simple process for purifying natural fats and / or oils, preferably of raw vegetable oils to the subsequent Use as fuel in internal combustion engines.

These Task is with a method according to claim 1 and an attachment solved according to claim 6. Developments and advantageous embodiment of the invention result from the respective subclaims.

at the inventive method for purifying native fats and / or oils, preferably raw ones Vegetable oils, So called "Crude Oil "or" Crude Vegetable Oil ", to the subsequent Use as fuel in internal combustion engines is the raw untreated, grease and / or oil to be cleaned, preferably vegetable oil, by passed a strongly acidic cation exchanger.

It has been shown to be native by such a simple process Fat and / or oil, preferably crude vegetable oil can be cleaned or treated so that this purified or so-called partially refined fat and / or oil, preferably vegetable oil, used to subsequent Use as fuel technically required quality achieved. Such a thing purified fat and / or oil, preferably vegetable oil, Fulfills from a purely technical point of view, the requirements for the purity with respect to mechanical impurities, the content of free fatty acids, the Water content, the content of alkaline earths and the phosphorus content.

A Development of the invention provides that the fat to be cleaned and / or oil, preferably vegetable oil, and / or the strongly acidic cation exchanger are heated. Of the Advantage of this development is that the interactions between the strongly acidic cation exchanger and the to be cleaned Fat and / or oil, preferably vegetable oil, at the desired higher Temperatures are much more efficient.

A Development of the invention provides that the fat to be cleaned and / or oil, preferably vegetable oil, mehr- or preferably two stages is cleaned. The advantage of this Continuing education is that the second stage is the function the first stage takes over, if the first stage, d. H. when the strongly acidic cation exchanger exhausted in the first stage is. The optional third stage then becomes the second Level, etc. If the procedure consists of only two stages, the first stage of exhaustion exchanged the strongly acidic cation exchanger. Conveniently, this is done so that the second stage becomes the first stage and inserted a new level becomes the second stage.

A Development of the invention provides that after each cleaning stage the electrical conductivity and / or the permittivity of purified fat and / or oil, preferably vegetable oil, be measured. The advantage of this development is to be seen in that from the readings information about the quality of each Stage or over the exhaustion the respective strongly acidic cation exchanger, but also about the correspondingly purified fat and / or oil, preferably vegetable oil can be which in turn is the time for an exchange of the stage or for a change of the strongly acidic cation exchanger is derivable.

A development of the invention provides that the grease and / or oil to be cleaned, vorzugswei se vegetable oil, first passed through a heat exchanger, then heated and cleaned and then gelei again through the heat exchanger. The advantage of this training can be seen in the fact that some of the heat energy used to heat the fat and / or oil, preferably vegetable oil, to be cleaned can be recovered by means of the heat exchanger, so that the process is more cost-effective overall.

The inventive plant to carry out of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 5 comprises one or a plurality, preferably two in series, preferably cylindrical Container, which contain the strongly acidic cation exchanger and a Inlet for the fat and / or oil to be cleaned, preferably vegetable oil, as well a flow for the purified fat and / or oil, preferably vegetable oil, exhibit.

The execution the method according to the invention already works with only one container. The cascading according to the invention in the form of at least two containers However, it is advantageous because of the strongly acidic cation exchanger which first flows through also exhausted first will be. Once this is done, this becomes strongly acidic cation exchanger replaced. Practically, the entire container becomes exhausted with strong replaced acidic cation exchanger. As already mentioned above, then preferably the second container takes the place of the first container and the new container with new strongly acidic cation exchanger then takes the place of the original second container one. It goes without saying that from this point of view, always when from one to be cleansed or purified fat and / or oil, preferably vegetable oil, the speech is, of course - depending on exhaustion of the strongly acidic cation exchanger - also a partially purified fat and / or oil, preferably vegetable oil, may be meant, which from an upstream container with already very exhausted Cation exchanger expires and a downstream container with more strongly acidic cation exchanger.

When Strongly acidic cation exchangers are basically all ion exchange resins into consideration, the strongly acidic groups, usually sulfonate groups, exhibit. In general, it is particulate, moderate or highly crosslinked organic polymers, often based on polystyrene, the on the surface the polymer particles have a plurality of strongly acidic groups. The average number of acidic groups is usually in the range of 1 to 4 meq / ml ion exchange resin. The mean particle size of the ion exchanger particles is typically in the range of 0.1 to 1 mm, with greater than also smaller particle sizes depending on Dimension of the ion exchanger assembly may be suitable. The Polymer particles can z. B. be gel-like or have a macroporous structure.

Such ion exchangers are known, for example under the trade names Lewatit ^® K or Lewatit ^® S the Fa. Bayer Aktiengesellschaft, z. B. Lewatit ^® K 2629 Lewatit ^® S110, Lewatit ^® S110H, Lewatit ^® S1467, Lewatit ^® S1468, Lewatit ^® S2568, Lewatit ^® S2568H, Amberjet ^®, Amberlyst ^®, or Amberlite ^® from. Rohm & Haas, for example. B. Amberjet ^® 1200 Amberjet ^® 1500, Amberlite ^® 200, Amberlite ^® 250, Amberlite ^® IRV120, Amberlite ^® IR 120, Amberlite ^® IR 200C, Amberlite ^® CG 6000, Amberlyst ^® 119 Wet, Dowex ^® from Dow Chemicals, e.g. , Dowex ^® 50X1-100, Dowex ^® 50X2-100, Dowex ^® 50X2-200, Dowex ^® 50X2-400, Dowex ^® 50X4-100, Dowex ^® 50X4-200, Dowex ^® 50X4-400, Dowex ^® 50X8-100, Dowex ^® 50X8-200, Dowex ^® 50X8-400, Dowex ^® 40X1-100, Dowex ^® 40X1-100, Dowex ^® 40X1-100, Dowex ^® HCR-S, Dowex ^® HCR-W2, Dowex ^® MSC-1, Dowex ^® 650C, Dowex ^® G26, Dowex ^® 88, Dowex ^® Monosphere 88, Dowex ^® Monosphere 99K / 320, Dowex ^® Monosphere 99K / 350, Dowex ^® Monosphere 99Ca / 320, Dowex ^® Marathon C, Dowex ^® 032, Dowex ^® 406, Dowex ^® 437, Dowex ^® C500ES, Dowex ^® XUS 43518, Dowex ^® XUS 40406.00, Diaion ^® from. Mitsubishi Corp., z. B. Diaion ^® Ski B, Diaion ^® Ski BS, Diaion ^® SK104, Diaion ^® SK112, Diaion ^® SK116, Diaion ^® 1-3561, Diaion ^® 1-3565, Diaion ^® 1-3570, Diaion ^® 1-3573, Diaion ^® 1-3577, 1-3581 Diaion ^®, Duolite ^® D 5427, D 5552 Duolite ^® (organic-based cation exchanger), continue Adsorbosphere ^® SCX, Bakerbond SCX ^®, Partisil SCX ^{®, ®} Spherisorb SCX, Supelcosil ^® LC3-SCX, Ultralsil ^® SCX and Zorbax ^® 300 SCX (silica-based cation exchanger).

A Development of the invention provides that inlet and outlet on container are arranged such that the fat and / or oil to be cleaned, preferably Vegetable oil the one in the container contained strongly acidic cation exchanger from bottom to top flows through. The advantage of this development is that the education avoided by so-called nests dead volumes for fluidic reasons becomes.

A Development of the invention provides that at least one heating device is provided and / or the container is heated so that the fat and / or oil to be cleaned, preferably Vegetable oil and the strong acid cation exchanger at a given temperature get in touch. It has been shown that the desired cleaning effect or the desired partial refinement by this measure very is achieved much better.

A development of the invention provides that the temperature in this case is 50 ° C to 100 °, preferably 60 ° C to 80 ° C.

A Further development of the invention provides that the container is double-walled accomplished is, with the outer coat flows through hot water. The advantage of this development is the fact that such a Heating the strong acid cation exchanger and the to be cleaned Fat and / or oil, preferably vegetable oil, is particularly easy and effective to accomplish.

A Further development of the invention provides that a heating device is provided, the only to be cleaned fat and / or oil, preferably vegetable oil, before entry in the container heats up to a predetermined temperature, wherein the container is a thermal insulation having.

A Further development of the invention provides that a heat exchanger is provided, through which the fat to be cleaned and / or oil, preferably vegetable oil, before entry in the container and the purified fat and / or oil, preferably vegetable oil the exit from the container is directed. The advantage of this further education is to be seen in that part of the heating of the fat and / or oil to be cleaned, preferably Vegetable oil spent heat energy by means of the heat exchanger again from the heated and purified vegetable oil recovered can be.

A Development of the invention provides that when using several, preferably two containers connected in series the intermediate lines and in the end of the last container respectively a sensor for determining the electrical conductivity and / or the permittivity of the purified Fat and / or oil, preferably vegetable oil, is arranged. The advantage of this development is to be seen in that information about the quality or about the exhaustion in the respective container strong acidic cation exchanger contained can be obtained, thereby turn the time for an exchange of the container is derivable.

The Invention finally relates the use of a plant according to any one of claims 6 to 13 and a method for the esterification of free fatty acids with mono- and / or polyhydric alcohols, preferably of methyl alcohol and / or glycerin, to oils or fats, whereby the free fatty acids and the mono- or polyvalent ones Alcohols are passed through the strongly acidic cation exchanger.

A Development of the invention provides that the fatty acids and the alcohols are added either separately or as a mixture of the plant.

A Development of the invention provides that a fat and / or oil, preferably Vegetable oil, with high content of free fatty acids is purified, in which case the free fatty acids with alcohols in one Scope and a kind that are esterified in the purified fat and / or oil, preferably vegetable oil, remaining remainder of free fatty acids during the combustion of the purified grease used as fuel and / or oil, preferably vegetable oil, in the for provided internal combustion engines no longer bothers.

A Development of the invention provides that as vegetable oil palm oil and / or rapeseed oil is used.

The invention will be explained with reference to an embodiment that is shown in the drawing. The single figure shows schematically a plant 18 for cleaning raw vegetable oil 10 for subsequent use as fuel in internal combustion engines, the crude vegetable oil to be purified 10 by a strongly acidic cation exchanger 12 is directed.

The attachment 18 comprises two cylindrical containers connected in series 20 . 22 containing the strongly acidic cation exchanger 12 included and each one inflow 24 for the vegetable oil to be cleaned 10 as well as a process 26 for the purified or partially purified vegetable oil 14 exhibit. Intake 24 and expiration 26 are in this case on the container 20 . 22 arranged that the vegetable oil to be purified 10 the one in the container 20 . 22 contained strongly acidic cation exchanger 12 flows through from bottom to top.

Furthermore, a heating device 28 provided that in the container 28 initiated vegetable oil 10 heated to a predetermined temperature, which is so tempered and in the container 20 . 22 initiated vegetable oil 10 at the same time the container 20 . 22 and consequently the strongly acidic cation exchanger 12 heated.

The containers 20 . 22 are double-walled, with the outer shell 30 is passed through by hot water, so that the container 20 . 22 be kept at a predetermined temperature.

Furthermore, a heat exchanger 16 provided by the to be cleaned, still to be heated vegetable oil 12 before entering the container 20 and the purified, still heated vegetable oil 14 after exiting the container 22 is directed.

When using the two containers connected in series 20 . 22 is in the intermediate line 32 and in the process 26 of the second container 22 one sensor each 34 for determining the electrical Leitfä ability and / or the permittivity of the purified vegetable oil is arranged.

10

the vegetable oil to be cleaned

12

strongly acidic cation exchanger

14

the purified vegetable oil

16

heat exchangers

18

investment

20

1. container

22

Second container

24

Intake

26

procedure

28

heater

30

Warmcoats

32

intermediate line

34

sensor

I

1. cleaning stage

II

Second cleaning stage

Claims (17)

Process for the purification of native fats and / or oils, preferably crude vegetable oils ( 10 ), for subsequent use as fuel in internal combustion engines, for which purpose the native, to be purified fat and / or oil, preferably crude, to be purified vegetable oil ( 10 ), by a strongly acidic cation exchanger ( 12 ). A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the fat to be purified and / or oil, preferably vegetable oil ( 10 ), and / or the strongly acidic cation exchanger ( 12 ) are heated. Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the fat and / or oil to be purified, preferably vegetable oil ( 10 ), more preferably two-stage ( I . II ) is cleaned. Process according to claim 3, characterized in that after each purification step ( I . II ) the electrical conductivity and / or the permittivity of the purified fat and / or oil, preferably vegetable oil ( 14 ), are measured. Method according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the fat to be cleaned and / or oil, preferably vegetable oil ( 10 ), first through a heat exchanger ( 16 ), then heated and cleaned and then again through the heat exchanger ( 16 ). Investment ( 18 ) for carrying out the method according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that one or more, preferably two series-connected, preferably cylindrical containers ( 20 . 22 ) are provided, which the strongly acidic cation exchanger ( 12 ) and a feed ( 24 ) for the fat and / or oil to be purified, preferably vegetable oil ( 10 ), as well as a procedure ( 26 ) for the purified fat and / or oil, preferably vegetable oil ( 14 ), exhibit. Investment ( 18 ) according to claim 6, characterized in that feed ( 24 ) and expiration ( 26 ) on the container ( 20 . 22 ) are arranged such that the fat and / or oil to be purified, preferably vegetable oil ( 10 ) in the container ( 20 . 22 ) strongly acidic cation exchanger ( 12 ) flows through from bottom to top. Investment ( 18 ) according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that at least one heating device ( 28 ) is provided and / or the container ( 20 . 22 ) is heated in such a way that the fat and / or oil to be purified, preferably vegetable oil ( 10 ), and the strongly acidic cation exchanger ( 12 ) come into contact at a given temperature. Investment ( 18 ) according to claim 8, characterized in that the temperature is 50 ° C to 100 °. Investment ( 18 ) according to one of claims 6 to 9, characterized in that the container ( 20 . 22 ) is double-walled, wherein the outer shell ( 30 ) is flowed through by hot water. Investment ( 18 ) according to any one of claims 6 to 10, characterized in that a heating device is provided, which only the fat to be cleaned and / or oil, preferably Pflan zenöl ( 10 ), before entering the container ( 20 . 22 ) heats up to a predetermined temperature, wherein the container ( 20 . 22 ) has a thermal insulation. Investment ( 18 ) according to one of claims 6 to 11, characterized in that a heat exchanger ( 16 ) is provided, through which the fat and / or oil to be purified, preferably vegetable oil ( 12 ), before entering the container ( 20 ) and the purified fat and / or oil, preferably vegetable oil ( 14 ), after leaving the container ( 22 ). Investment ( 18 ) according to one of claims 6 to 12, characterized in that when using several, preferably two successively connected containers ( 20 . 22 ) in the intermediate lines ( 32 ) and in the process ( 26 ) of the last container ( 22 ) one sensor each ( 34 ) is arranged for determining the electrical conductivity and / or the permittivity of the purified fat and / or oil, preferably vegetable oil. Use of a system ( 18 ) according to any one of claims 6 to 13 and a process for esterifying free fatty acids with monohydric or polyhydric alcohols, preferably methyl alcohol or glycol to oils or fats, whereby the free fatty acids and the monohydric or polyhydric alcohols are replaced by the strongly acidic cation exchanger ( 12 ). Use and method according to claim 14, characterized in that the fatty acids and the alcohols are either separately or as a mixture of the plant ( 18 ). Use and method according to claim 14 or 15, characterized in that a fat and / or oil, preferably vegetable oil, high in content of free fatty acids is purified, in which case the free fatty acids with alcohols in a range and a kind that is esterified in the purified fat and / or oil, preferably Vegetable oil remaining remainder of free fatty acids during the combustion of the purified grease used as fuel and / or oil, preferably vegetable oil, in the for provided internal combustion engines no longer bothers. Use and method according to claim 16, characterized characterized in that used as vegetable oil palm oil and / or rapeseed oil becomes.