DE102008054989B3 - Safety device has multiple high-density conductor alloy wire, which represents resistance-conductive wire formed in circular-shaped section and in fine strips - Google Patents

Abstract

The safety device has multiple high-density conductor alloy wire (20), which represents a resistance-conductive wire formed in circular-shaped section and in fine strips. The high-density conductor alloy wire is made of aluminum, magnesium, silicon, copper and foreign elements. A base (10) has a substrate-base body (12) and multiple electrical conductive strips (14). The electrical conductive strips are isolated from each other, and are fastened parallely in a row in a surface of the substrate-base body.

Description

Technical area

The The invention relates to a fuse, in particular a fuse high-precision Alloy wires.

State of the art

Today, electrical appliances are one of the essential items of daily life. Fuses constitute an overcurrent protective device for electrical appliances, which interrupts a circuit when the current is too high due to the thermal effect of the current and is thereby destroyed. Thus, electrical appliances in an inappropriate connection, z. B. when connecting too many electrical appliances to a power source, and be protected against destruction of the circuit by the fuse. However, the known fuses have some problems and limitations in use. 8th shows an equivalent circuit diagram of a conventional fuse assembly 90 that have two fuses made of low temperature stainless steel 91 (usually in layer or disc form) and under low temperature stainless steel fuses 91 arranged heat-generating membrane resistors 92 includes. In use is the fuse assembly 90 built into the circuit. When the circuit is overloaded, the heat-generating membrane resistors heat up 92 the fuses made of low-temperature stainless steel 91 until the fuses blown. Thus, the circuit is interrupted and protected. However, for the circuit protection of today's high-precision electrical appliances with requirements of compactness and high performance, the aforementioned conventional fuse assembly 90 that reacts at a certain normal temperature, no longer suitable. Therefore, an element is urgently needed that can protect and control the circuit and the power source system.

• 1. Ein Produkt mit einer Stromstärke unter 12 Ampere (A) kann nicht hergestellt werden: die vorher genannte Sicherungsbaugruppe 90 ist zwar mit einer Nennstromstärke von 12 A versehen, doch schmilzt die Sicherung und leistet ihre Schutzfunktion erst, wenn eine Stromstärke über 24 A die Sicherung durchfließt; bei den handelsüblichen Produkten auf dem Markt ist es fast unmöglich, die Stromstärke in der Schaltung mit 12 A auszulegen, noch weniger, ihn mit 24 A auszulegen; 9 zeigt die Kurven der Stromstärke der herkömmlichen Sicherungsbaugruppe 90 (die beiden unterschiedlichen Kurven stehen für Produkte unterschiedlicher Typen); gemäß 9 kann das Niedrigtemperatur-Metall nur dann innerhalb einer Sekunde schmelzen, wenn eine Stromstärke von 50 A die Sicherung durchfließt; das heißt, dass die herkömmliche Sicherungsbaugruppe 90 für die Schaltung praktisch keinen Schutz gewährleisten kann;
• 2. Wenn der wärmeerzeugende Membranwiderstand 92 die elektrische Betriebsleistung überschreitet, geht die Schutzfunktion der Sicherungsbaugruppe 90 verloren; in der folgenden Tabelle 1 werden Sicherungsbaugruppen unterschiedlicher Normen verglichen, wobei die Nenn-Wattleistung der Sicherungsbaugruppe 90 0,125 W ist; das heißt, dass unter der Nenn-Spannung 36 V die Leistung der Wärmeerzeugung des wärmeerzeugenden Membranwiderstands 92 bei der elektrischen Stromstärke von 3,74 mA versagen wird, so dass die Sicherungen aus Niedrigtemperatur-Edelstahl 91 nicht schmelzen können;

The aforementioned conventional fuse assembly 90 has the following disadvantages:

• 1. A product with a current below 12 amps (A) can not be manufactured: the aforementioned fuse assembly 90 Although rated at 12 A, the fuse melts and performs its protective function only when a current greater than 24 A flows through the fuse; with commercial products on the market it is almost impossible to design the current in the circuit at 12 A, much less to design it at 24 A; 9 shows the curves of the current strength of the conventional fuse assembly 90 (the two different curves represent products of different types); according to 9 the low-temperature metal can only melt within one second if a current of 50 A flows through the fuse; that is, the conventional fuse assembly 90 virtually no protection for the circuit;
• 2. When the heat-generating membrane resistance 92 exceeds the electrical operating capacity, the protective function of the fuse assembly goes 90 lost; Table 1 below compares fuse assemblies of different standards, with the rated wattage of the fuse assembly 90 0.125 W; that is, below the rated voltage of 36 V, the heat generation performance of the heat generating membrane resistor 92 at the electrical current of 3.74 mA will fail, making the fuses of low-temperature stainless steel 91 can not melt;

• 3. Die Sicherungen aus Niedrigtemperatur-Edelstahl 91 der Sicherungsbaugruppe 90 sind als Niedrigtemperatur-Metallscheiben ausgebildet, wobei nach dem Schmelzen das flüssige Metall der Sicherungen aus Niedrigtemperatur-Edelstahl 91 aufgrund der Stelllage und unterschiedlicher Stellwinkel (z. B. umgekehrt, aufrecht gestellt) in unterschiedliche Richtungen fließen, was zu einer zweiten oder noch einer größeren Zerstörung der internen Schaltung oder des Stromkreises führen kann;
• 4. Unter Einsatz der herkömmlichen Sicherungsbaugruppe 90 variiert die Abschmelzdauer der Sicherungen aus Niedrigtemperatur-Edelstahl 91 nach der Arbeitsspannung und der Stromstärke, wie in 10 und 11 gezeigt, wobei die Querachse die Leistung sowie die Spannung und die Längsachse die Abschmelzdauer darstellt;
• 5. Die herkömmliche Sicherungsbaugruppe 90 wird durch die Umgebungstemperatur leicht beeinflußt, und die Schwächung der Nenn-Stromstärke im Verhältnis zur Temperatur ist 50% (25~80°C), was dazu führen kann, dass die Schutzleitung bei einer niedrigen Umgebungstemperatur nicht schmelzen kann und bei einer hohen Umgebungstemperatur zu schnell schmelzen wird, wodurch die Schutzleitung übermäßig geschützt wird;
• 6. Wenn die wärmeerzeugenden Membranwiderstände 92 Wärme erzeugen, werden die Sicherungen aus Niedrigtemperatur-Edelstahl 91 dann schmelzen, wenn eine Tempertaur von über 135°C eine Minute lang andauert, wobei der Benutzer bei der Tempertaur von 135°C leicht Verbrennungen erleidet, und leicht brennbare Gegenstände in einer gedruckten Schaltung auch brennen werden;
• 7. Die Erwärmungszeit der wärmeerzeugenden Membranwiderstände 92 der herkömmlichen Sicherungsbaugruppe 90 liegt zwischen 0,3~4,5 Sekunden, so dass die Schaltung nicht zuverlässig geschützt werden kann; und
• 8. Die herkömmliche Sicherungsbaugruppe 90 reagiert auf den Stromschutz sehr langsam; bei einer Zimmertemperatur von 20°C und einer Stromstärke von 14 A sind die Sicherungen aus Niedrigtemperatur-Edelstahl 91 höchstens 45°C warm; daher ist es fast nicht möglich, dass die Sicherungen aus Niedrigtemperatur-Edelstahl 91 durch elektrischen Strom zum Schmelzen gebracht werden; die herkömmlichen Sicherungen aus Niedrigtemperatur-Edelstahl 91 können nur bei Erwärmung der wärme erzeugenden Membranwiderstände 92 schmelzen, um die Schutzfunktion zu leisten.

Table 1 resistance 25 ohms 20, 40 ohms 40 ohms Resistance Tolerance ± 30% Rated wattage 0.125 W

• 3. The fuses made of low-temperature stainless steel 91 the fuse assembly 90 are designed as low-temperature metal discs, wherein after melting the liquid metal of the fuses made of low-temperature stainless steel 91 due to the position and different angles of adjustment (eg, reversed, upright) flow in different directions, which can lead to a second or even a greater destruction of the internal circuit or the circuit;
• 4. Using the conventional fuse assembly 90 The melting time of fuses varies from low temperature stainless steel 91 according to the working voltage and the amperage, as in 10 and 11 shown, wherein the transverse axis of the power and the voltage and the longitudinal axis of the Ab melting time represents;
• 5. The conventional fuse assembly 90 is slightly affected by the ambient temperature, and the weakening of the rated current relative to the temperature is 50% (25 ~ 80 ° C), which may result in the protective line not melting at a low ambient temperature and at high ambient temperatures melting quickly, thereby overprotecting the protective line;
• 6. If the heat generating membrane resistors 92 Generate heat, the fuses are made of low temperature stainless steel 91 then melting when a temperture of over 135 ° C lasts for one minute, with the user easily suffering burns at the temperture of 135 ° C, and also burning flammable articles in a printed circuit;
• 7. The heating time of the heat generating membrane resistors 92 the conventional fuse assembly 90 is between 0.3 ~ 4.5 seconds, so that the circuit can not be reliably protected; and
• 8. The conventional fuse assembly 90 reacts very slowly to the current protection; At a room temperature of 20 ° C and a current of 14 A, the fuses are made of low-temperature stainless steel 91 at most 45 ° C warm; therefore, it is almost impossible for the fuses to be made from low temperature stainless steel 91 be melted by electric current; the traditional fuses made of low-temperature stainless steel 91 can only when heating the heat generating membrane resistors 92 melt to perform the protective function.

Furthermore, from the DE 10 2005 019 571 A1 a protective device against damage in the event of a short circuit known. The protective device comprises parallel current paths, which are connected to one another via series-connected bonding wire sections, which melt in the event of a short circuit.

• A: langsame Reaktion auf Temperatur;
• B: schlechte Empfindlichkeit auf die Stromstärke (die Umgebungstemperatur muß zusätzlich berücksichtigt werden);
• C: die Betriebsleistung der wärmeerzeugenden Membranwiderstände 92 muß zusätzlich durch eine Schaltung gesteuert werden, um eine Verbrennung der wärmeerzeugenden Membranwiderstände 92 zu vermeiden;
• D: die Sicherungsbaugruppe 90 muß aufrecht nach oben gestellt werden; eine umgekehrte Stellung kann leicht zu einem Versagen des Schutzes der Leitung führen;
• E: nach dem Schmelzen des Niedrigtemperatur-Metalls wird sein Isolierwiderstand gering, so dass keine wirksame Isolierung der Schaltung erreichbar ist; und
• F: die Norm der Sicherungsbaugruppe hängt von der Spannung oder Leistung ab, so dass keine breite Anwendbarkeit möglich ist.

In summary, the conventional fuse assembly 90 following disadvantages:

• A: slow reaction to temperature;
• B: poor sensitivity to the current (the ambient temperature must be considered additionally);
• C: the operating performance of the heat generating membrane resistors 92 must additionally be controlled by a circuit to burn the heat generating membrane resistors 92 to avoid;
• D: the fuse assembly 90 must be placed upright; an inverted position can easily lead to failure of the protection of the conduit;
• E: after the melting of the low-temperature metal, its insulating resistance becomes low, so that no effective isolation of the circuit can be achieved; and
• Q: The standard of the fuse assembly depends on the voltage or power, so that broad applicability is not possible.

Object of the invention

Of the Invention is therefore an object of the invention to provide a backup, formed from high-precision alloy wires is, with a specific arrangement is provided to the problems of the prior art.

Technical solution

The Task is solved by a backup, which is a variety of high-density Head alloy wires and a base. The high density conductor alloy wires are on average round or in thin strips trained resistance conductor wires. There is the high density Conductor alloy wire made of 60 ~ 90% aluminum, 22 ~ 30% magnesium, 1 ~ 3% Silicon, 1 ~ 3% copper and foreign components. The base includes a substrate base body and a plurality of electrically conductive strips facing one another insulating and each at the surface of the substrate body side by side are fixed in the row, the number of electrically conductive strips an odd number is larger than one is. The electrically conductive Strips are arranged at a certain distance and as a metal strip formed, which are mutually electrically insulating. Two each adjacent electrically conductive Strips are through at least one high density conductor alloy wire electrically connected, wherein the number of high-density conductor alloy wires to Connection at the respective two adjacent electrically conductive strips is equal to.

Here, the substrate base body contains five electrically conductive strips, which are arranged at a certain distance from each other rectangular copper panes, each two adjacent electrically leitfä Hige strips are electrically connected by more than two high-density conductor alloy wires.

Of the arranged in the middle electrically conductive strip is with a Auxiliary electric element connected to a PTC thermistor, a transistor, a thyristor, a varistor, a surge protector (TVS) or is a metal oxide rheostat (MOV).

Further The fuse includes a protective cap that is separable with the surface of the Substrate base body combined and the high-density conductor alloy wires covered.

• 1. Aufgrund des Stoffs, der Form und der spezifischen Verbindung der hochdichten Leiterlegierungsdrähte wird eine Sicherung erreicht, die auf Temperatur und Stromstärke sensibel reagiert;
• 2. Weder wärmeerzeugende Membranwiderstände noch eine externe zusätzliche Steuerung der erwärmenden Schaltung sind erforderlich;
• 3. Die erfindungs gemäße Sicherung ist einfach konstruiert und erfordert wenig Stoff, so dass sie kostengünstig herstellbar ist;
• 4. Die Montageweise, -Stelle und -Winkel sind nicht beschränkt;
• 5. Aufgrund des Stoffs und der Form der hochdichten Leiterlegierungsdrähte ensteht kein überflüssiges flüssiges Metall, auch wenn die hochdichten Leiterlegierungsdrähte durchgebrannt sind. Dadurch wird die Schaltung nicht beschädigt;
• 6. Nach dem Durchbrennen wird der Stromkreis völlig isoliert; und
• 7. Bei der Auswahl der Sicherung muß lediglich die verwendete Stromstärke berücksichtigt werden, und Faktoren, wie die Leistung, Umgebungstemperatur und Normen, spielen dabei keine Rolle mehr. Dadurch findet die erfindungsgemäße Sicherung eine breite Anwendung.

The invention provides the following advantages:

• 1. Due to the substance, the shape and the specific connection of the high-density conductor alloy wires, a fuse is achieved which reacts sensitively to temperature and current;
• 2. Neither heat-generating membrane resistors nor external additional control of the heating circuit are required;
• 3. The fiction, contemporary fuse is simple and requires little material, so that it is inexpensive to produce;
• 4. The mounting method, location and angle are not limited;
• 5. Due to the substance and shape of the high-density conductor alloy wires, there is no unnecessary liquid metal, even if the high-density conductor alloy wires are burnt out. This will not damage the circuit;
• 6. After blowing the circuit is completely isolated; and
• 7. When selecting the fuse, only the amount of current used must be taken into account, and factors such as power, ambient temperature and standards do not matter. As a result, the fuse according to the invention has a wide application.

Short description of the drawing

1 shows a perspective view of the invention according to a preferred embodiment.

2 shows an exploded view of the invention according to a second preferred embodiment.

3 shows a perspective view of the invention according to a third preferred embodiment.

4 shows an equivalent circuit diagram of the invention according to the first preferred embodiment.

5 shows a perspective view of the invention according to a third preferred embodiment.

6A Each D shows an equivalent circuit diagram of the invention according to the fourth preferred embodiment.

7 shows a schematic representation of the invention in use according to the fourth preferred embodiment.

8th shows a circuit diagram of a conventional fuse assembly in use.

9 FIG. 12 is a graph showing the relationship between the melting time and current of the conventional fuse assembly. FIG.

10 Fig. 10 is a graph showing the relationship between the melting time and the power of the conventional fuse assembly.

11 shows a diagram illustrating the relationship between the melting time and voltage of the conventional fuse assembly.

Ways of carrying out the invention

in the Following are the tasks, features and benefits of the present Invention with reference to the detailed description of exemplary embodiments and the attached Drawings closer explained. However, the invention should not be limited to the description and the accompanying drawings limited become.

1 shows a preferred embodiment of the fuse according to the invention, which is a base 10 and a variety of at the base 10 arranged high density conductor alloy wires 20 includes. The base 10 comprises a substrate base body 12 and a plurality of electrically conductive strips 14 insulating one another and each on the surface of the substrate base body 12 attached side by side in the row. The substrate base body 12 is as insulating z. Example, as a heat-resistant printed circuit board, bakelite, etc. are formed. The electrically conductive strips 14 are thin copper disks that are on the substrate body 12 are formed. In this embodiment, five electrically conductive strips 14 provided, which are rectangular and at a certain distance on the surface of the rectangular substrate base body 12 are arranged.

The high density conductor alloy wires 20 are round-shaped or disk-like thin strips formed resistance conductor wires and each consist of 60 ~ 90% aluminum, 22 ~ 30% magnesium, 1 ~ 3% silicon, 1 ~ 3% copper and foreign components, which are often in a material alloy are found. The length and dimension of each high density conductor alloy wire 20 correspond to each other, and its two ends bridge two adjacent electrically conductive strips 14 , In this embodiment, two adjacent electrically conductive strips 14 from the five electrically conductive strips 14 through two high-density conductor alloy wires 20 electrically connected. The arrangement of a plurality of high density conductor alloy wires 20 ensures higher performance and greater stability. This avoids that a single, easily broken high-density conductor alloy wire 20 is the major cause of damage and failure and results in the conditions for failure (protection conditions) not being easily controllable or unstable when the easily defective high density conductor alloy wire 20 later installed in a circuit.

2 shows an exploded view of the invention according to a second preferred embodiment, wherein the fuse according to the invention also a protective cap 30 which is formed of transparent or non-transparent fabric, wherein the profile and the dimension of the protective cap 30 the profile and the measure of the base 10 correspond. The protective cap 30 Can be separable with the base 10 be closed and the high-density conductor alloy wires 20 cover to protect it from impact or other destruction caused by foreign forces. In order to facilitate a connection with the exterior, in this embodiment, the protective cap 30 be provided with through holes, so that an external circuit with the electrically conductive strips 14 is connected; Alternatively, the protective cap 30 Be slightly shrunk so that on both sides and in the middle of the substrate base 12 arranged electrically conductive strip 14 partly outside the protective cap 30 can be seen to connect to external wires. As in 3 and 4 are shown on the two sides and in the middle of the substrate base body 12 arranged electrically conductive strip 14 each designated A, B and C and serve as nodes for connection to external circuits. 4 shows an equivalent circuit diagram of the first preferred embodiment.

5 shows a third preferred embodiment of the invention, wherein the base 10 only three at a certain distance arranged mutually insulating electrically conductive strip 14 comprising, each two spaced apart electrically conductive strips 14 through a variety of high density conductor alloy wires 20 are connected, whereby the same effect of the previous embodiments can be realized, at the same time the volume is reduced, and the cost can be saved.

In practical application, the nodes A ~ C are between the circuits, with the electrical current in the circuit and the pressure drop in the preferred embodiments being the high density conductor alloy wires 20 heat. In case of overload, the high-density conductor alloy wires become 20 blown and melt, causing the circuits are interrupted and thus protected. As in the preferred embodiments of the invention, the high density conductor alloy wires 20 be heated directly, so that no additional heat-generating membrane resistors are required. Thereby, the problems in the prior art, namely, a slow response, poor sensitivity to current and temperature, and demand for additional control of the circuit or protection circuit for the heat generating membrane resistors, can be solved; because the high-density conductor alloy wires 20 long, fine wires are, after melting no Liquid metal arise that damages the circuits. Due to the profile of the high-density conductor alloy wires 20 they are after melting from the adjacent electrically conductive strips originally connected to them 14 absolutely isolated to protect the circuits.

According to the fourth preferred embodiment in 6A ~ D and 7 , can with the electrically conductive strip 14 of the node C, an auxiliary element 40A ~ 40D be connected, which can represent different electrical elements as needed, such. B. a PTC thermistor 40A , a transistor 40B , a thyristor 40C , a varistor 40D , overvoltage protection (TVS) or metal oxide resistance (MOV). Here, the PTC thermistor is used 40A the protection of circuits in case of overheating; the transistor 40B is a controllable switch for the circuit, which achieves a controllable bypass protection in a connection of the fuse according to this preferred embodiment with a circuit as needed by the circuit; the thyristor 40C serves to protect the circuit by electrostatic discharge; the varistor 40D , the overvoltage protection (TVS) or the metal oxide rheostat (MOV) ensures thereby a protection of the circuit that it is switched on in case of overvoltage by control and thus creates a bypass. How out 7 can be seen, the PTC thermistor used can 40A at its turn on or off with the particular requirements of a design of a circuit to match the self-control of the high-density conductor alloy wires 20 in such a way that they protect in case of emergency melting and thus the electric current to protect the other electrical components or devices in the circuits and loops.

10

Base

12

Substrate base body

14

electrical conductive strip

20

high-density wire alloy wire

30

protective cap

40A ~ 40D

Auxiliary Elektroelement

90

fuse assembly Fuse off

91

Low temperature precious metal

92

calorific membrane resistance

Claims (2)

A fuse comprising: a plurality of high density conductor alloy wires ( 20 ), which are approximately circular or thin strip formed resistance conductor wires, wherein the high-density conductor alloy wire ( 20 ) 60-90% aluminum, 22-30% magnesium, 1-3% silicon, 1-3% copper and foreign constituents; - One Base ( 10 ) comprising a substrate base body ( 12 ) and a plurality of electrically conductive strips ( 14 ), which are mutually insulating and each at the surface of the substrate base body ( 12 ) are mounted side by side in the row, the number of electrically conductive strips ( 14 ) is an odd number greater than one, the electrically conductive strips ( 14 ) are arranged at a certain distance and formed as metal strips, wherein each two adjacent electrically conductive strips ( 14 ) by at least one high-density conductor alloy wire ( 20 ) are electrically connected, wherein the number of high-density conductor alloy wires ( 20 ) for connection to the respective two adjacent electrically conductive strips ( 14 ) is equal to. Fuse according to claim 1, characterized in that the fuse further comprises a protective cap ( 30 ) separable with the surface of the substrate base body ( 12 ) and the high-density conductor alloy wires ( 20 ) covered.